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Zhang J, Xia J, Liu X, Olichney J. Machine Learning on Visibility Graph Features Discriminates the Cognitive Event-Related Potentials of Patients with Early Alzheimer's Disease from Healthy Aging. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050770. [PMID: 37239242 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a framework for electroencephalography (EEG)-based classification between patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and robust normal elderly (RNE) via a graph theory approach using visibility graphs (VGs). This EEG VG approach is motivated by research that has demonstrated differences between patients with early stage AD and RNE using various features of EEG oscillations or cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs). In the present study, EEG signals recorded during a word repetition experiment were wavelet decomposed into 5 sub-bands (δ,θ,α,β,γ). The raw and band-specific signals were then converted to VGs for analysis. Twelve graph features were tested for differences between the AD and RNE groups, and t-tests employed for feature selection. The selected features were then tested for classification using traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, achieving a classification accuracy of 100% with linear and non-linear classifiers. We further demonstrated that the same features can be generalized to the classification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) converters, i.e., prodromal AD, against RNE with a maximum accuracy of 92.5%. Code is released online to allow others to test and reuse this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zhang
- Computer Science Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiangyi Xia
- UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- UC Davis Computer Science Department, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John Olichney
- UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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2
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Besser LM, Meyer OL, Streitz M, Farias ST, Olichney J, Mitsova D, Galvin JE. Perceptions of greenspace and social determinants of health across the life course: The Life Course Sociodemographics and Neighborhood Questionnaire (LSNEQ). Health Place 2023; 81:103008. [PMID: 37003018 PMCID: PMC10176197 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed the Life Course Sociodemographics and Neighborhood Questionnaire (LSNEQ) to query older adults about perceived neighborhood greenspaces across the life course (i.e., distance to park, number of neighborhood parks/playgrounds, and neighborhood greenness) and about characteristics hypothesized to confound or moderate/mediate greenspace-health associations. Six perceived life course indices are derived from the LSNEQ: neighborhood socioeconomic status, neighborhood walking/biking, urbanicity, neighborhood amenities, neighborhood park access, and neighborhood greenness. Older adults from St. Louis, Missouri, and Sacramento, California, completed the LSNEQ in 2020-2021. The indices demonstrated borderline acceptable to good internal consistency (alpha = 0.60-0.79) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.71-0.96) and detected different patterns of park access and neighborhood greenness by racialized group and location. Individuals with index scores indicating more neighborhood walking/biking and greater presence of neighborhood amenities over their life course were more likely to report neighborhood-based walking in older age. Overall, the LSNEQ is a reliable instrument to assess perceptions of life course social determinants of health including neighborhood greenspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilah M Besser
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 7700 W Camino Real, Suite 200, Boca Raton, FL, 33433, USA.
| | - Oanh L Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3900, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Marissa Streitz
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Sarah T Farias
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3900, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - John Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3900, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Diana Mitsova
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, SO 284, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - James E Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 7700 W Camino Real, Suite 200, Boca Raton, FL, 33433, USA.
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Düzenli-Öztürk S, Hünerli-Gündüz D, Emek-Savaş DD, Olichney J, Yener GG, Ergenç Hİ. Taxonomically-related Word Pairs Evoke both N400 and LPC at Long SOA in Turkish. J Psycholinguist Res 2022; 51:1431-1451. [PMID: 35945467 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-022-09907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semantic priming in Turkish was examined in 36 right-handed healthy participants in a delayed lexical decision task via taxonomic relations using EEG. Prime-target relations included related- unrelated- and pseudo-words. Taxonomically related words at long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) were shown to modulate N400 and late positive component (LPC) amplitudes. N400 semantic priming effect in the time window of 300-500 ms was the largest for pseudo-words, intermediate for semantically-unrelated targets, and smallest for semantically-related targets as a reflection of lexical-semantic retrieval. This finding contributes to the ERP literature showing how remarkably universal the N400 brain potential is, with similar effects across languages and orthography. The ERP data also revealed different influences of related, unrelated, and pseudo-word conditions on the amplitude of the LPC. Attention scores and mean LPC amplitudes of related words in parietal region showed a moderate correlation, indicating LPC may be related to "relationship-detection process".
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Düzenli-Öztürk
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Bakırçay University, 35660, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Hünerli-Gündüz
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - John Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, 95618, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Görsev G Yener
- Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, 35330, Izmir, Turkey.
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - H İclal Ergenç
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, 06340, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Mungas D, Shaw C, Hayes‐Larson E, DeCarli C, Farias ST, Olichney J, Saucedo HH, Gilsanz P, Glymour MM, Whitmer RA, Mayeda ER. Cognitive impairment in racially/ethnically diverse older adults: Accounting for sources of diagnostic bias. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12265. [PMID: 35005198 PMCID: PMC8719430 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study enrolled Asian, Black, Latino, and White adults ages 65+ without prior dementia diagnosis (N = 1709). We evaluated the prevalence of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment or dementia) accounting for potential biases. METHODS A random subgroup (N = 541) received clinical evaluation and others were evaluated if they failed a cognitive screen. Diagnoses were made under two conditions: (1) demographics-blind, based on clinical exam and demographically adjusted neuropsychological test scores; and (2) all available information (clinical exam, demographics, and adjusted and unadjusted test scores). RESULTS Cognitive impairment prevalence was 28% for blinded-adjusted diagnosis and 25% using all available information. Black participants had higher impairment rates than White (both conditions) and Latino (blinded-adjusted diagnosis) participants. Incomplete assessments negatively biased prevalence estimates for White participants. DISCUSSION Racial/ethnic disparities in cognitive impairment were amplified by attrition bias in White participants but were unaffected by type of test norms and diagnosticians' knowledge of demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mungas
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Crystal Shaw
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eleanor Hayes‐Larson
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - John Olichney
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Paola Gilsanz
- Kaiser Permanente Division of ResearchOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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5
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Babiloni C, Arakaki X, Azami H, Bennys K, Blinowska K, Bonanni L, Bujan A, Carrillo MC, Cichocki A, de Frutos-Lucas J, Del Percio C, Dubois B, Edelmayer R, Egan G, Epelbaum S, Escudero J, Evans A, Farina F, Fargo K, Fernández A, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Hampel H, Harrington MG, Jelic V, Jeong J, Jiang Y, Kaminski M, Kavcic V, Kilborn K, Kumar S, Lam A, Lim L, Lizio R, Lopez D, Lopez S, Lucey B, Maestú F, McGeown WJ, McKeith I, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Noce G, Olichney J, Onofrj M, Osorio R, Parra-Rodriguez M, Rajji T, Ritter P, Soricelli A, Stocchi F, Tarnanas I, Taylor JP, Teipel S, Tucci F, Valdes-Sosa M, Valdes-Sosa P, Weiergräber M, Yener G, Guntekin B. Measures of resting state EEG rhythms for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations of an expert panel. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1528-1553. [PMID: 33860614 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area (EPIA) and Global Brain Consortium endorsed recommendations on candidate electroencephalography (EEG) measures for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. The Panel reviewed the field literature. As most consistent findings, AD patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia showed abnormalities in peak frequency, power, and "interrelatedness" at posterior alpha (8-12 Hz) and widespread delta (< 4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) rhythms in relation to disease progression and interventions. The following consensus statements were subscribed: (1) Standardization of instructions to patients, resting state EEG (rsEEG) recording methods, and selection of artifact-free rsEEG periods are needed; (2) power density and "interrelatedness" rsEEG measures (e.g., directed transfer function, phase lag index, linear lagged connectivity, etc.) at delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands may be use for stratification of AD patients and monitoring of disease progression and intervention; and (3) international multisectoral initiatives are mandatory for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | | | - Hamed Azami
- Department of Neurology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karim Bennys
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR), Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Katarzyna Blinowska
- Institute of Biocybernetics, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw and Nalecz, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ana Bujan
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrzej Cichocki
- Skolkowo Institute of Science and Technology (SKOLTECH), Moscow, Russia.,Systems Research Institute PAS, Warsaw, Poland.,Nicolaus Copernicus University (UMK), Torun, Poland
| | - Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Complutense and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Paris, France.,ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Edelmayer
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Egan
- Foundation Director of the Monash Biomedical Imaging (MBI) Research Facilities, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephane Epelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Paris, France.,ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Javier Escudero
- School of Engineering, Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francesca Farina
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith Fargo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alberto Fernández
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Complutense and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Frisoni
- IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Harald Hampel
- GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Vesna Jelic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS Department, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering/Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maciej Kaminski
- Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw and Nalecz, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kerry Kilborn
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Lam
- MGH Epilepsy Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Lopez
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Complutense and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Brendan Lucey
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Complutense and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - William J McGeown
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian McKeith
- Newcastle upon Tyne, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - John Olichney
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ricardo Osorio
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tarek Rajji
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petra Ritter
- Brain Simulation Section, Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ioannis Tarnanas
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.,Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Paul Taylor
- Newcastle upon Tyne, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba.,Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, BfArM), Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gorsev Yener
- Departments of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Guntekin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Hernandez Saucedo H, Whitmer RA, Glymour M, DeCarli C, Mayeda ER, Gilsanz P, Miles SQ, Bhulani N, Farias ST, Olichney J, Mungas D. Measuring cognitive health in ethnically diverse older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:261-271. [PMID: 33842969 PMCID: PMC8824686 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding racial/ethnic disparities in late-life cognitive health is a public health imperative. We used baseline data from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study to examine how age, education, gender, and clinical diagnosis, a proxy for brain health, are associated with cross-sectional measures of cognition in diverse racial/ethnic groups. METHOD Comprehensive measures of cognition were obtained using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales and the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery in a sample of 1695 KHANDLE participants (Asians 24%, Blacks 26%, Latinos 20%, Whites 29%). A 25% random subsample was clinically evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia. Cognitive test scores were regressed on core demographic variables and diagnosis in the combined sample and in multiple group analyses stratified by racial/ethnic group. RESULTS Race/ethnicity and education were variably associated with test scores with strongest associations with tests of vocabulary and semantic memory. Older age was associated with poorer performance on all measures, and gender differences varied across cognitive tests. Clinical diagnosis of MCI or dementia was associated with average decrements in test scores that ranged from -0.41 to -0.84 SD, with largest differences on tests of executive function and episodic memory. With few exceptions, associations of demographic variables and clinical diagnosis did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. DISCUSSION The robust associations of cognitive test results with clinical diagnosis independent of core demographic variables and race/ethnicity supports the validity of cognitive tests as indicators for brain health in diverse older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- University of California Davis, Public Health Sciences.,Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland
| | - Maria Glymour
- University of California San Francisco, Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | | | - Nihal Bhulani
- University of California Davis, Department of Neurology
| | | | - John Olichney
- University of California Davis, Department of Neurology
| | - Dan Mungas
- University of California Davis, Department of Neurology
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7
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Lesman-Segev OH, La Joie R, Iaccarino L, Lobach I, Rosen HJ, Seo SW, Janabi M, Baker SL, Edwards L, Pham J, Olichney J, Boxer A, Huang E, Gorno-Tempini M, DeCarli C, Hepker M, Hwang JHL, Miller BL, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. Diagnostic Accuracy of Amyloid versus 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Autopsy-Confirmed Dementia. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:389-401. [PMID: 33219525 PMCID: PMC7856004 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of antemortem 11 C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) versus autopsy diagnosis in a heterogenous sample of patients. METHODS One hundred one participants underwent PIB and FDG PET during life and neuropathological assessment. PET scans were visually interpreted by 3 raters blinded to clinical information. PIB PET was rated as positive or negative for cortical retention, whereas FDG scans were read as showing an Alzheimer disease (AD) or non-AD pattern. Neuropathological diagnoses were assigned using research criteria. Majority visual reads were compared to intermediate-high AD neuropathological change (ADNC). RESULTS One hundred one participants were included (mean age = 67.2 years, 41 females, Mini-Mental State Examination = 21.9, PET-to-autopsy interval = 4.4 years). At autopsy, 32 patients showed primary AD, 56 showed non-AD neuropathology (primarily frontotemporal lobar degeneration [FTLD]), and 13 showed mixed AD/FTLD pathology. PIB showed higher sensitivity than FDG for detecting intermediate-high ADNC (96%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 89-100% vs 80%, 95% CI = 68-92%, p = 0.02), but equivalent specificity (86%, 95% CI = 76-95% vs 84%, 95% CI = 74-93%, p = 0.80). In patients with congruent PIB and FDG reads (77/101), combined sensitivity was 97% (95% CI = 92-100%) and specificity was 98% (95% CI = 93-100%). Nine of 24 patients with incongruent reads were found to have co-occurrence of AD and non-AD pathologies. INTERPRETATION In our sample enriched for younger onset cognitive impairment, PIB-PET had higher sensitivity than FDG-PET for intermediate-high ADNC, with similar specificity. When both modalities are congruent, sensitivity and specificity approach 100%, whereas mixed pathology should be considered when PIB and FDG are incongruent. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:389-401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit H Lesman-Segev
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mustafa Janabi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Pham
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Olichney
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marilu Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mackenzie Hepker
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Hye L Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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DeCarli C, Villeneuve S, Maillard P, Harvey D, Singh B, Carmichael O, Fletcher E, Olichney J, Farias S, Jagust W, Reed B, Mungas D. Vascular Burden Score Impacts Cognition Independent of Amyloid PET and MRI Measures of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Brain Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:187-196. [PMID: 30775991 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of vascular burden on rates of decline in episodic memory and executive function. We hypothesize that greater vascular burden will have an additive negative impact on cognition after accounting for baseline cognitive impairment, positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid burden, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. METHODS Individuals were followed an average of 5 years with serial cognitive assessments. Predictor variables include vascular burden score (VBS), quantitative brain MRI assessment, and amyloid imaging. Subjects consisted of 65 individuals, 53% of whom were male, aged 73.2±7.2 years on average with an average of 15.5±3.3 years of educational achievement. RESULTS Baseline cognitive impairment was significantly associated poorer episodic memory (p < 0.0001), smaller hippocampal volume (p < 0.0001), smaller brain volume (p = 0.0026), and greater global Pittsburg Imaging Compound B (PiB) index (p = 0.0008). Greater amyloid burden was associated with greater decline in episodic memory over time (β= -0.20±0.07, p < 0.005). VBS was significantly associated with the level of executive function performance (β= -0.14±0.05, p < 0.005) and there was a significant negative interaction between VBS, cognitive impairment, and PiB index (β= -0.065±0.03, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results find a significant influence of VBS independent of standard MRI measures and cerebral amyloid burden on executive function. In addition, VBS reduced the amount of cerebral amyloid burden needed to result in cognitive impairment. We conclude that the systemic effects of vascular disease as reflected by the VBS independently influence cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles DeCarli
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pauline Maillard
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Baljeet Singh
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John Olichney
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Farias
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Bruce Reed
- Center for Scientific Review, Division of Neuroscience, Development and Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Mungas
- UC Davis Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA
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9
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Wang XH, Yang JC, Soohoo R, Cotter D, Yuan M, Xia J, Yaqub S, Doty J, Niu YQ, Tassone F, Hagerman R, Zhang L, Olichney J. Cognitive Deficits and Associated ERP N400 Abnormalities in FXTAS With Parkinsonism. Front Genet 2018; 9:327. [PMID: 30279697 PMCID: PMC6153313 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine cognitive deficits and associated brain activity in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) patients with parkinsonism (FXTp+), in relation to FXTAS patients without parkinsonism (FXTp-), and normal elderly controls (NC). Methods: Retrospective reviews were performed in 65 FXTAS patients who participated in the event-related brain potential (ERP) study and also had either a videotaped neurological examination or a neurological examination for extrapyramidal signs. Parkinsonism was defined as having bradykinesia with at least one of the following: rest tremor, postural instability, hypermyotonia, or rigidity. Eleven FXTp+ patients were identified and compared to 11 matched FXTp- and 11 NC. Main ERP measures included the N400 congruity effect, N400 repetition effect, and the late positive component (LPC) repetition effect. Results: When compared with FXTp- and NC, the FXTp+ group showed more severe deficits in executive function, cued-recall, recognition memory, along with a significantly reduced N400 repetition effect (thought to index semantic processing and verbal learning/memory) which was correlated with poorer verbal memory. Across all patients, FMR1 mRNA levels were inversely correlated with delayed recall on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Interpretation: The findings of more prominent executive dysfunction and verbal learning/memory deficits in FXTp+ than FXTp- are consistent with findings in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and may indicate that concomitant and/or synergistic pathogenetic mechanisms associated with PD play a role in FXTAS. These results have implications not only for understanding the cognitive impairments associated with the parkinsonism subtype of FXTAS, but also for the development of new interventions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jin-Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert Soohoo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Devyn Cotter
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangyi Xia
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shuja Yaqub
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Doty
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Qiong Niu
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Flora Tassone
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Randi Hagerman
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John Olichney
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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10
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Maillard P, Fletcher E, Singh B, Martinez O, Johnson DK, Olichney J, Tomaszewski-Farias S, DeCarli CS. P3‐431: CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER FREE WATER: A SENSITIVE BIOMARKER OF COGNITION AND FUNCTION. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Gavett BE, Fletcher E, Harvey D, Farias ST, Olichney J, Beckett L, DeCarli C, Mungas D. Ethnoracial differences in brain structure change and cognitive change. Neuropsychology 2018; 32:529-540. [PMID: 29648842 PMCID: PMC6023745 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between structural MRI and cognition in a diverse sample. METHOD Older adults (n = 444; Mage = 74.5)-121 African Americans, 212 Whites, and 111 Hispanics-underwent an average of 5.3 annual study visits. Approximately half were cognitively normal at baseline (global Clinical Dementia Rating M = 0.5). Of the patients with dementia, most (79%) were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI measures of gray matter volume (baseline and change), and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes (baseline), were used to predict change in global cognition. Multilevel latent variable modeling was used to test the hypothesis that brain effects on cognitive change differed across ethnoracial groups. RESULTS In a multivariable model, global gray matter change was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline in Whites and African Americans and specific temporal lobe change added incremental explanatory power in Whites. Baseline WMH volume was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline in Hispanics and made an incremental contribution in Whites. CONCLUSIONS We found ethnoracial group differences in associations of brain variables with cognitive decline. The unique patterns in Whites appeared to suggest a greater influence of AD in this group. In contrast, cognitive decline in African Americans and Hispanics was most uniquely attributable to global gray matter change and baseline WMH, respectively. Brain changes underlying cognitive decline in older adults are heterogeneous and depend on fixed and modifiable risk factors that differ based on ethnicity and race. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E. Gavett
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - John Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Lesman-Segev OH, Bourakova V, La Joie R, Ayakta N, Rosen HJ, Lobach I, Seo SW, O'Neil JP, Janabi M, Ossenkoppele R, Lehmann M, Reed B, Olichney J, Boxer AL, Jin LW, Huang EJ, Gorno-Tempini M, DeCarli CS, Hepker M, Miller BL, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. IC‐P‐057: HEAD‐TO‐HEAD COMPARISON OF PIB AND FDG‐PET IN AUTOPSY‐CONFIRMED CASES. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renaud La Joie
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | - Iryna Lobach
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | | | - Manja Lehmann
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bruce Reed
- University of California DavisAlzheimer's CenterDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Adam L. Boxer
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- University of California-DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Eric J. Huang
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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13
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Filshtein TJ, Dugger BN, Jin LW, Olichney J, Tomaszewski-Farias S, Carvajal-Carmona L, Lott P, Mungas D, Reed B, Beckett L, DeCarli CS. P3‐556: NEUROPATHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES ACROSS THREE ETHNORACIAL GROUPS WITH DEMENTIA. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee-Way Jin
- University of California-DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Lott
- University of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Dan Mungas
- University of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Bruce Reed
- University of California DavisAlzheimer's CenterDavisCAUSA
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14
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Lesman-Segev OH, Bourakova V, La Joie R, Ayakta N, Rosen HJ, Lobach I, Seo SW, O'Neil JP, Janabi M, Ossenkoppele R, Lehmann M, Reed B, Olichney J, Boxer AL, Jin LW, Huang EJ, Gorno-Tempini M, DeCarli CS, Hepker M, Miller BL, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. O4‐09‐02: HEAD‐TO‐HEAD COMPARISON OF PIB AND FDG‐PET IN AUTOPSY‐CONFIRMED CASES. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renaud La Joie
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | - Iryna Lobach
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | | | - Manja Lehmann
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bruce Reed
- University of California Davis Alzheimer's CenterDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Adam L. Boxer
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- University of California-DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Eric J. Huang
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine how longitudinal cognitive trajectories relate to brain baseline measures and change in lobar volumes in a racially/ethnically and cognitively diverse sample of older adults. METHOD Participants were 460 older adults enrolled in a longitudinal aging study. Cognitive outcomes were measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, executive function, and spatial ability derived from the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales (SENAS). Latent variable multilevel modeling of the four cognitive outcomes as parallel longitudinal processes identified intercepts for each outcome and a second order global change factor explaining covariance among the highly correlated slopes. We examined how baseline brain volumes (lobar gray matter, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensity) and change in brain volumes (lobar gray matter) were associated with cognitive intercepts and global cognitive change. Lobar volumes were dissociated into global and specific components using latent variable methods. RESULTS Cognitive change was most strongly associated with brain gray matter volume change, with strong independent effects of global gray matter change and specific temporal lobe gray matter change. Baseline white matter hyperintensity and hippocampal volumes had significant incremental effects on cognitive decline beyond gray matter change. Baseline lobar gray matter was related to cognitive decline, but did not contribute beyond gray matter change. CONCLUSION Cognitive decline was strongly influenced by gray matter volume change and, especially, temporal lobe change. The strong influence of temporal lobe gray matter change on cognitive decline may reflect involvement of temporal lobe structures that are critical for late life cognitive health but also are vulnerable to diseases of aging. (PsycINFO Database Record
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16
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Mazaheri A, Segaert K, Olichney J, Yang JC, Niu YQ, Shapiro K, Bowman H. EEG oscillations during word processing predict MCI conversion to Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:188-197. [PMID: 29159036 PMCID: PMC5683194 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Only a subset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients progress to develop a form of dementia. A prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive decline in language. We investigated if subtle anomalies in EEG activity of MCI patients during a word comprehension task could provide insight into the likelihood of conversion to AD. We studied 25 amnestic MCI patients, a subset of whom developed AD within 3-years, and 11 elderly controls. In the task, auditory category descriptions (e.g., 'a type of wood') were followed by a single visual target word either semantically congruent (i.e., oak) or incongruent with the preceding category. We found that the MCI convertors group (i.e. patients that would go on to convert to AD in 3-years) had a diminished early posterior-parietal theta (3-5 Hz) activity induced by first presentation of the target word (i.e., access to lexico-syntactic properties of the word), compared to MCI non-convertors and controls. Moreover, MCI convertors exhibited oscillatory signatures for processing the semantically congruent words that were different from non-convertors and controls. MCI convertors thus showed basic anomalies for lexical and meaning processing. In addition, both MCI groups showed anomalous oscillatory signatures for the verbal learning/memory of repeated words: later alpha suppression (9-11 Hz), which followed first presentation of the target word, was attenuated for the second and third repetition in controls, but not in either MCI group. Our findings suggest that a subtle breakdown in the brain network subserving language comprehension can be foretelling of conversion to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazaheri
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Katrien Segaert
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - John Olichney
- Center for Mind and Brain and Neurology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jin-Chen Yang
- Center for Mind and Brain and Neurology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Qiong Niu
- Center for Mind and Brain and Neurology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kim Shapiro
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Bowman
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; School of Computing, University of Kent, United Kingdom
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17
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Yuan M, Sperry L, Malhado‐Chang N, Duffy A, Wheelock V, Farias S, O'Connor K, Olichney J, Shahlaie K, Zhang L. Atypical antipsychotic therapy in Parkinson's disease psychosis: A retrospective study. Brain Behav 2017. [PMID: 28638698 PMCID: PMC5474696 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is a frequent complication of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) with significant impact on quality of life and association with poorer outcomes. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are often used for the treatment of PDP; however, their use is often complicated by adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this study, we present patients with PDP who were treated with the most commonly used atypical antipsychotic agents and review their respective ADRs. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to include a total of 45 patients with iPD who visited a movement disorders clinic between 2006 and 2015. All PDP patients treated with atypical APDs were included in the analysis for their specific ADRs. RESULTS Forty-five iPD patients (mean age of onset: 62.67 ± 9.86 years) were included, of those 10 patients had psychosis (mean age of onset: 76.80 ± 4.61 years). Of the 45 patients, 22.2% were found to have psychotic symptoms, of whom 70% had hallucinations, 20% had delusions, and 10% illusions. Seventy percent of psychotic symptoms occurred after ten or more years from diagnosis of iPD. PDP patients were treated with quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone separately or in combination, all of which were found to have certain ADRs. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its retrospective study design and small sample size and with likely selection bias. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PDP is relatively high in older patients with iPD. The uses of the currently available atypical APDs in this patient population are often complicated by ADRs. The selective 5-HT 2A inverse agonist, pimavanserin, could be a better alternative in the treatment of PDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yuan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalUniversity Of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Laura Sperry
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | | | - Alexandra Duffy
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Sarah Farias
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Kevin O'Connor
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUC Davis Medical CenterUC DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - John Olichney
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUC Davis Medical CenterUC DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurologic SurgeryUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
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18
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Wang XH, Zhang L, Sperry L, Olichney J, Farias ST, Shahlaie K, Chang NM, Liu Y, Wang SP, Wang C. Target Selection Recommendations Based on Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation Surgeries on Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:3371-80. [PMID: 26668154 PMCID: PMC4797515 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.171464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review examines the evidence that deep brain stimulation (DBS) has extensive impact on nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). DATA SOURCES We retrieved information from the PubMed database up to September, 2015, using various search terms and their combinations including PD, NMSs, DBS, globus pallidus internus (GPi), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. STUDY SELECTION We included data from peer-reviewed journals on impacts of DBS on neuropsychological profiles, sensory function, autonomic symptoms, weight changes, and sleep disturbances. For psychological symptoms and cognitive impairment, we tried to use more reliable proofs: Random, control, multicenter, large sample sizes, and long period follow-up clinical studies. We categorized the NMSs into four groups: those that would improve definitively following DBS; those that are not significantly affected by DBS; those that remain controversial on their surgical benefit; and those that can be worsened by DBS. RESULTS In general, it seems to be an overall beneficial effect of DBS on NMSs, such as sensory, sleep, gastrointestinal, sweating, cardiovascular, odor, urological symptoms, and sexual dysfunction, GPi-DBS may produce similar results; Both STN and Gpi-DBS are safe with regard to cognition and psychology over long-term follow-up, though verbal fluency decline is related to DBS; The impact of DBS on behavioral addictions and dysphagia is still uncertain. CONCLUSIONS As the motor effects of STN-DBS and GPi-DBS are similar, NMSs may determine the target choice in surgery of future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China
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19
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Ayakta N, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Lockhart SN, O'Neil JP, Ossenkoppele R, Reed B, Olichney J, Boxer AL, Miller B, Borys E, Jin LW, Huang E, DeCarli C, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. P2‐285: CENTILOID THRESHOLDS FOR AMYLOID POSITIVITY DERIVED FROM AUTOPSY‐PROVEN CASES. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagehan Ayakta
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteBerkeleyCA USA
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Reed
- University of California Davis Alzheimer's CenterDavisCA USA
| | | | - Adam L. Boxer
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | - Ewa Borys
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola UniversityChicagoIL USA
| | | | - Eric Huang
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | - William J. Jagust
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA USA
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20
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Rabinovici GD, Ayakta N, Rosen HJ, Seo SW, O'Neil JP, Janabi M, Ossenkoppele R, Lehmann M, Reed B, Olichney J, Boxer AL, Jin LW, Huang E, Gorno-Tempini M, DeCarli C, Miller B, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Jagust WJ. P1‐253: Diagnostic Accuracy of Amyloid‐ Versus Fdg‐Pet in Autopsy‐Confirmed Dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gil D. Rabinovici
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA USA
| | - Nagehan Ayakta
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteBerkeleyCA USA
| | | | - Sang Won Seo
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | | | | | - Manja Lehmann
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | - Bruce Reed
- University of California Davis Alzheimer's CenterDavisCA USA
| | | | - Adam L. Boxer
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | - Eric Huang
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | | | - Bruce Miller
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA USA
| | | | | | - William J. Jagust
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA USA
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Villeneuve S, Rabinovici GD, Cohn-Sheehy BI, Madison C, Ayakta N, Ghosh PM, La Joie R, Arthur-Bentil SK, Vogel JW, Marks SM, Lehmann M, Rosen HJ, Reed B, Olichney J, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Borys E, Jin LW, Huang EJ, Grinberg LT, DeCarli C, Seeley WW, Jagust W. Existing Pittsburgh Compound-B positron emission tomography thresholds are too high: statistical and pathological evaluation. Brain 2015; 138:2020-33. [PMID: 25953778 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, begins accumulating up to two decades before the onset of dementia, and can be detected in vivo applying amyloid-β positron emission tomography tracers such as carbon-11-labelled Pittsburgh compound-B. A variety of thresholds have been applied in the literature to define Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography positivity, but the ability of these thresholds to detect early amyloid-β deposition is unknown, and validation studies comparing Pittsburgh compound-B thresholds to post-mortem amyloid burden are lacking. In this study we first derived thresholds for amyloid positron emission tomography positivity using Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography in 154 cognitively normal older adults with four complementary approaches: (i) reference values from a young control group aged between 20 and 30 years; (ii) a Gaussian mixture model that assigned each subject a probability of being amyloid-β-positive or amyloid-β-negative based on Pittsburgh compound-B index uptake; (iii) a k-means cluster approach that clustered subjects into amyloid-β-positive or amyloid-β-negative based on Pittsburgh compound-B uptake in different brain regions (features); and (iv) an iterative voxel-based analysis that further explored the spatial pattern of early amyloid-β positron emission tomography signal. Next, we tested the sensitivity and specificity of the derived thresholds in 50 individuals who underwent Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography during life and brain autopsy (mean time positron emission tomography to autopsy 3.1 ± 1.8 years). Amyloid at autopsy was classified using Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) criteria, unadjusted for age. The analytic approaches yielded low thresholds (standard uptake value ratiolow = 1.21, distribution volume ratiolow = 1.08) that represent the earliest detectable Pittsburgh compound-B signal, as well as high thresholds (standard uptake value ratiohigh = 1.40, distribution volume ratiohigh = 1.20) that are more conservative in defining Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography positivity. In voxel-wise contrasts, elevated Pittsburgh compound-B retention was first noted in the medial frontal cortex, then the precuneus, lateral frontal and parietal lobes, and finally the lateral temporal lobe. When compared to post-mortem amyloid burden, low proposed thresholds were more sensitive than high thresholds (sensitivities: distribution volume ratiolow 81.0%, standard uptake value ratiolow 83.3%; distribution volume ratiohigh 61.9%, standard uptake value ratiohigh 62.5%) for CERAD moderate-to-frequent neuritic plaques, with similar specificity (distribution volume ratiolow 95.8%; standard uptake value ratiolow, distribution volume ratiohigh and standard uptake value ratiohigh 100.0%). A receiver operator characteristic analysis identified optimal distribution volume ratio (1.06) and standard uptake value ratio (1.20) thresholds that were nearly identical to the a priori distribution volume ratiolow and standard uptake value ratiolow. In summary, we found that frequently applied thresholds for Pittsburgh compound-B positivity (typically at or above distribution volume ratiohigh and standard uptake value ratiohigh) are overly stringent in defining amyloid positivity. Lower thresholds in this study resulted in higher sensitivity while not compromising specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Villeneuve
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Brendan I Cohn-Sheehy
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Cindee Madison
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Nagehan Ayakta
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pia M Ghosh
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Samia Kate Arthur-Bentil
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Shawn M Marks
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Manja Lehmann
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bruce Reed
- 4 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA 5 Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - John Olichney
- 4 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ewa Borys
- 6 Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- 7 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- 8 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA 8 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- 4 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- 3 Memory and Aging Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA 8 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - William Jagust
- 1 Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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Miller J, Harvey D, Green R, Reed B, Olichney J, Mungas D, DeCarli C. Vitamin D Status Predicts Rates of Cognitive Decline in a Multi‐Ethnic Cohort of Older Adults. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.253.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Miller
- Nutritional SciencesRutgers Univ.New BrunswickNJUnited States
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
| | - Ralph Green
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
| | - Bruce Reed
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
| | - John Olichney
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
| | - Dan Mungas
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Public Health Sciences, 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine4Neurology Univ. of California‐DavisSacramentoCAUnited States
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Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD, Cohn‐Sheehy BI, Reed B, Villeneuve S, Ghosh PM, Madison C, Lehmann M, Olichney J, Decarli CS, Miller BL, Borys E, Grinberg LT, Jin L, Seeley WW. O1‐01‐06: COMPARING LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE THRESHOLDS FOR AMYLOID PET POSITIVITY IN AUTOPSY‐PROVEN CASES. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brendan I. Cohn‐Sheehy
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; Jagust Lab, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | | | - Pia Marie Ghosh
- UCSF Memory and Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Cindee Madison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Bruce L. Miller
- UCSF Memory & Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Ewa Borys
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola UniversityMaywoodIllinoisUnited States
| | | | - Lee‐Way Jin
- University of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUnited States
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Rabinovici GD, Cohn‐Sheehy BI, Reed B, Villeneuve S, Ghosh PM, Madison C, Lehmann M, Olichney J, DeCarli CS, Miller BL, Borys E, Grinberg LT, Jin L, Seeley WW, Jagust WJ. IC‐P‐011: COMPARING LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE THRESHOLDS FOR AMYLOID PET POSITIVITY IN AUTOPSY‐PROVEN CASES. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan I. Cohn‐Sheehy
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Jagust Lab, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | | | - Pia Marie Ghosh
- UCSF Memory and Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Cindee Madison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Manja Lehmann
- UCSF Memory & Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - John Olichney
- University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | - Bruce L. Miller
- UCSF Memory & Aging CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Ewa Borys
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola UniversityMaywoodIllinoisUnited States
| | | | - Lee‐Way Jin
- University of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUnited States
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Olichney J. Test-retest reliability and stability of N400 effects: implications for the study of neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 124:634-5. [PMID: 23141884 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Farias ST, Mungas D, Reed B, Carmichael O, Beckett L, Harvey D, Olichney J, Simmons A, Decarli C. Maximal brain size remains an important predictor of cognition in old age, independent of current brain pathology. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1758-68. [PMID: 21531482 PMCID: PMC3177982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the influence of early-life development on clinical manifestations of late-life diseases. Latent variable modeling was used to investigate how maximal brain volume (measured by intracranial volume [ICV]) and current brain volumes uniquely contribute to domain-specific cognitive performance in a group of 401 cognitively and ethnically diverse older adults. Individual effects of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures including ICV were examined as predictors of episodic memory, semantic memory, spatial ability, and executive function. Total brain matter volume related to all cognitive domains; hippocampal volume was associated primarily with episodic memory; white matter hyperintensity volume was related to executive function and episodic memory. Maximal brain size as measured by ICV was related to semantic memory, executive function, and spatial ability independent of current brain volumes (ps < 0.01). Relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables and cognition did not differ substantially across groups defined by ethnicity, gender, and with minor exceptions, clinical diagnosis. Results suggest maximal brain development and measures of brain injury/atrophy jointly contribute to cognitive function in older people.
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27
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Olichney J. F5‐01‐04: Introduction to ERPs for AD. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Olichney
- University of California at DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUnited States
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28
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Yang J, Taylor J, Chan S, Salmon D, Iragui‐Madoz V, Kutas M, Olichney J. P3‐186: fMRI word repetition effects show abnormal hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in MCI. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Chen Yang
- University of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Jason Taylor
- Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - David Salmon
- University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | - Marta Kutas
- University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - John Olichney
- University of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUnited States
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Kaur B, Harvey D, Tong E, Hofstetter CR, DeCarli C, Olichney J. The Relationship of Smoking History and Vascular Risk Factors to Motor Parkinsonism in Dementia (P04.202). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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LaMarre A, Rascovsky K, Bostrom A, Toofanian P, Wilkins S, Giles K, Sha S, Perry D, Tartaglia C, Kang G, Galasko D, Salmon D, Lehmer M, Farias S, Kaur B, Olichney J, Quitania Park L, Mendez M, Tsai P, Teng E, Miller B, Kramer J. Inter-Rater Reliability of the New Criteria for Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (PD1.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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31
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Mungas D, Beckett L, Harvey D, Farias ST, Reed B, Carmichael O, Olichney J, Miller J, DeCarli C. Heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories in diverse older persons. Psychol Aging 2011; 25:606-19. [PMID: 20677882 DOI: 10.1037/a0019502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined trajectories of cognitive change in psychometrically matched measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function in an ethnically, demographically, and cognitively diverse sample of older persons. Individual rates of change showed considerable heterogeneity in each domain. Baseline clinical diagnosis predicted differential change in semantic memory and executive function, dementia > mild cognitive impairment (MCI) > normal, but average decline in verbal episodic memory was similar across all 3 diagnostic groups. There was substantial overlap of distributions of cognitive change across baseline diagnostic groups for all 3 measures. Cognitive change was strongly related to change in clinical diagnosis. Rapid and similar change was present for all 3 cognitive measures in patients with dementia and in those with normal cognition and those with MCI who progressed clinically. In cognitively normal patients, verbal episodic memory change was greater than change in the other two domains. Global status, measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (Morris, 1993), predicted change in semantic memory and executive function, whereas APOE genotype predicted change in verbal episodic memory, and age had no effect on rates of change in any domain independent of global status and APOE. Results show important limitations in using cross-sectional diagnosis to predict prognosis and suggest that research to identify robust predictors of cognitive change across the full spectrum from normal to dementia is needed for better early identification of diseases that cause progressive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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32
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Ashford JW, Salehi A, Furst A, Bayley P, Frisoni GB, Jack CR, Sabri O, Adamson MM, Coburn KL, Olichney J, Schuff N, Spielman D, Edland SD, Black S, Rosen A, Kennedy D, Weiner M, Perry G. Imaging the Alzheimer brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 26 Suppl 3:1-27. [PMID: 21971448 PMCID: PMC3760773 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This supplement to the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease contains more than half of the chapters from The Handbook of Imaging the Alzheimer Brain, which was first presented at the International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease in Paris, in July, 2011. While the Handbook contains 27 chapters that are modified articles from 2009, 2010, and 2011 issues of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, this supplement contains the 31 new chapters of that book and an introductory article drawn from the introductions to each section of the book. The Handbook was designed to provide a multilevel overview of the full field of brain imaging related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Handbook, as well as this supplement, contains both reviews of the basic concepts of imaging, the latest developments in imaging, and various discussions and perspectives of the problems of the field and promising directions. The Handbook was designed to be useful for students and clinicians interested in AD as well as scientists studying the brain and pathology related to AD.
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Olichney J, Kutas M, Iragui V, Tassone F, Hagerman R. S9-4 Cognitive ERPs in Fragile X-associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) and early Alzheimer's Disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carmichael OT, Mungas D, Beckett L, Harvey D, Farias ST, Reed B, Olichney J, Miller J, DeCarli C. IC‐P‐032: Value added by MRI for predicting clinical conversion to dementia in a heterogeneous community cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Carmichael O, Mungas D, Beckett L, Harvey D, Tomaszewski Farias S, Reed B, Olichney J, Miller J, Decarli C. MRI predictors of cognitive change in a diverse and carefully characterized elderly population. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:83-95. [PMID: 20359776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectories of cognitive decline among elderly individuals are heterogeneous, and markers that have high reliability for predicting cognitive trajectories across a broad spectrum of the elderly population have yet to be identified. METHOD This study examined the utility of a variety of MRI-based brain measures, obtained at baseline, as predictors of subsequent declines in domain-specific measures of cognitive function in a cohort of 307 community-dwelling elderly individuals with varying degrees of cognitive impairment who were diverse across several relevant demographic variables and were evaluated yearly. Psychometrically matched measures of cognition were used to assess episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function. Relationships between baseline MRI measures, including the volumes of the brain, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive trajectories were assessed in mixed effects regression models that modeled MRI effects on cognitive performance at baseline and rate of change as well as interindividual variability in cognitive baseline and rate of change. RESULTS Greater baseline brain volume predicted slower subsequent rate of decline in episodic memory and smaller WMH volume predicted slower subsequent rate of decline in executive function and semantic memory. Baseline hippocampal volume, while strongly related to baseline cognitive function, was not predictive of subsequent change in any of the cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS Baseline measures of brain structure and tissue pathology predicted rate of cognitive decline in a diverse and carefully characterized cohort, suggesting that they may provide summary measures of pre-existing neuropathological damage or the capacity of the brain to compensate for the impact of subsequent neuropathology on cognition. Conventional MRI measures may have use for predicting cognitive outcomes in highly heterogeneous elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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36
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Hagerman RJ, Hall DA, Coffey S, Leehey M, Bourgeois J, Gould J, Zhang L, Seritan A, Berry-Kravis E, Olichney J, Miller JW, Fong AL, Carpenter R, Bodine C, Gane LW, Rainin E, Hagerman H, Hagerman PJ. Treatment of fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and related neurological problems. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 3:251-62. [PMID: 18686748 PMCID: PMC2546470 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects older adult carriers, predominantly males, of premutation alleles (55 to 200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X (FMR1) gene. Principal features of FXTAS are intention tremor, ataxia, parkinsonism, cognitive decline, and peripheral neuropathy; ancillary features include, autonomic dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, depression, and disinhibition. Although controlled trials have not been carried out in individuals with FXTAS, there is a significant amount of anecdotal information regarding various treatment modalities. Moreover, there exists a great deal of evidence regarding the efficacy of various medications for treatment of other disorders (eg, Alzheimer disease) that have substantial phenotypic overlap with FXTAS. The current review summarizes what is currently known regarding the symptomatic treatment, or potential for treatment, of FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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37
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Schwartz G, Colanta A, Gaetz H, Olichney J, Attiyeh F. Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6:91. [PMID: 18727836 PMCID: PMC2542373 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver are uncommon and rarely symptomatic. The diagnosis of primary hepatic etiology requires rigorous workup and continued surveillance to exclude a missed primary. Case Presentation We present a case of a 62-year-old female with a primary hepatic carcinoid tumor successfully resected, now with three years of disease-free follow-up. We present a review of the current literature regarding the diagnosis, pathology, management, and natural history of this disease entity. Conclusion Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver are rare, therefore classifying their nature as primary hepatic in nature requires extensive workup and prolonged follow-up. All neuroendocrine tumors have an inherent malignant potential that must be recognized. Management remains surgical resection, with several alternative options available for non-resectable tumors and severe symptoms. The risk of recurrence of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors after resection remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, 1000 10th Avenue, Suite 2B, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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38
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Borenstein AR, Mortimer JA, Schofield E, Wu Y, Salmon DP, Gamst A, Olichney J, Thal LJ, Silbert L, Kaye J, Craig UL, Schellenberg GD, Galasko DR. Cycad exposure and risk of dementia, MCI, and PDC in the Chamorro population of Guam. Neurology 2007; 68:1764-71. [PMID: 17515538 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000262027.31623.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study cycad-derived products as possible risk factors for dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) on Guam. METHODS Complete risk factor data from in-person interviews of 166 cases of Guam dementia, 50 cases of amnestic MCI, and 21 cases of PDC were compared with 1,581 controls in the base population regarding exposure to cycad-derived products from a traditional food (fadang), consumption of fruit bats, and use of cycad-derived topical medicine. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for picking, processing, and eating fadang in young adulthood ranged from 1.42 (1.05 to 1.91) to 2.87 (1.48 to 5.56) and were consistently elevated and significant across all three diagnostic outcomes. Associations independent of exposure in young adulthood were for picking (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96) and processing (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.94) fadang in childhood with Guam dementia. Men showed stronger and more consistent relations across exposure groups in young adulthood compared with women. No associations were found for consumption of fruit bats or exposure to cycad used as a topical medicine for any of the outcomes. Estimated adjusted population attributable risks suggest that exposure to eating fadang in young adulthood incurred the highest attributable risk percent. CONCLUSIONS Environmental lifestyle and diet may contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the native population of Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Borenstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA.
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Galasko D, Salmon D, Gamst A, Olichney J, Thal LJ, Silbert L, Kaye J, Brooks P, Adonay R, Craig UK, Schellenberg G, Borenstein AR. Prevalence of dementia in Chamorros on Guam: Relationship to age, gender, education, and APOE. Neurology 2007; 68:1772-81. [PMID: 17515539 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000262028.16738.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of dementia and its clinical subtypes among Chamorros on Guam aged 65 years or older and to examine associations with age, gender, education, and APOE genotype. BACKGROUND Chamorros, the indigenous people of Guam, had a high incidence of ALS and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC), in the 1950s. Over the next 50 years, ALS incidence declined markedly, but PDC only slightly. The prevalence of late life dementia in Chamorros and its relationship to ALS/PDC are unknown. METHODS Island-wide population-based survey of Chamorros aged 65 years or older as of January 1, 2003. Two-stage assessment: cognitive and motor screening, followed by neurologic and psychometric evaluation. Data were reviewed at consensus conference to make clinical diagnoses. RESULTS Of 2,789 Chamorros aged 65 years or older, 73% were enrolled; 27% declined participation, died before contact or screening, or moved off Guam. The point prevalence of all-cause dementia on February 1, 2004, was 12.2%. Prevalence data for subtypes were as follows: Guam dementia (clinically equivalent to AD), 8.8%; PDC, 1.5%; pure vascular dementia, 1.3%; other, 0.6%. The prevalence of dementia rose exponentially with age. Low education was significantly associated with dementia, but gender was not. There was a trend toward higher PDC prevalence among men. The APOE epsilon4 allele was not associated with dementia. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dementia among elderly Chamorros is relatively high. Guam dementia is the most common diagnosis and exceeds parkinsonism-dementia complex. Age and low education are strongly associated with dementia, but gender and APOE epsilon4 are not. Incidence studies will allow risk factors for dementia to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Rockwell E, Choure J, Galasko D, Olichney J, Jeste DV. Psychopathology at initial diagnosis in dementia with Lewy bodies versus Alzheimer disease: comparison of matched groups with autopsy-confirmed diagnoses. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 15:819-23. [PMID: 10984728 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1166(200009)15:9<819::aid-gps206>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is believed to be the second most common form of dementia, after Alzheimer disease (AD). DLB has been reported to be associated with an increase in psychopathology; however, antemortem diagnosis of DLB cannot always be made with certainty. We searched the database of University of California, San Diego SOCARE (Seniors Only Care) outpatient program. There were 26 autopsy-confirmed cases of DLB. We matched them individually with 26 autopsy-confirmed cases of 'pure' AD on gender, ethnicity, and Mini-Mental State Examination score at the baseline evaluation. We compared the two groups on psychopathologic measures and possible risk factors for psychopathology based on the data obtained at the time of the initial diagnosis of dementia. Five psychiatric symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, anxiety, anhedonia, and loss of energy were significantly more common in DLB patients than in AD patients. DLB patients were younger at initial evaluation and death as compared to AD patients, but there was no difference in age of onset of dementia, level of education, or family or past history of any major neuropsychiatric disorder, prescription of psychotropic medications, or sensory impairment. Psychiatric symptoms were more common at time of initial diagnosis of dementia in DLB than in AD patients. This difference could not be attributed to any known risk factors for psychopathology examined. Psychopathology should be considered an integral part of DLB, and should be taken into account in the initial diagnosis of the type of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rockwell
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Bayley PJ, Salmon DP, Bondi MW, Bui BK, Olichney J, Delis DC, Thomas RG, Thal LJ. Comparison of the serial position effect in very mild Alzheimer's disease, mild Alzheimer's disease, and amnesia associated with electroconvulsive therapy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2000; 6:290-8. [PMID: 10824501 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617700633040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Individuals given a series of words to memorize normally show better immediate recall for items from the beginning and end of the list than for mid-list items. This phenomenon, known as the serial position effect, is thought to reflect the concurrent contributions of secondary and primary memory, respectively, to recall performance. The present study compared the serial position effects produced on Trial 1 of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) in mildly demented (N = 25; M MMSE = 20.0) and very mildly demented (N = 25; M MMSE = 25.5) patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and age- and education-matched normal control (NC) participants (N = 50). In addition, the serial position effects of the very mildly demented AD patients were compared to those of patients with a transient, circumscribed amnesia arising from a prescribed series of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments for the relief of depressive illness (N = 11). While the NC group exhibited the typical serial position effect, AD patients recalled significantly fewer words than NC participants overall, and exhibited a significantly reduced primacy effect (i.e., recall of the first 2 list items) with a normal recency effect (i.e., recall of the last 2 list items). Patients with circumscribed amnesia due to ECT were as impaired as the very mildly demented AD patients on most standard CVLT measures of learning and memory, but exhibited primacy and recency effects, which were within normal limits. These results suggest that a reduction in the primacy effect, but not the recency effect, is an early and ubiquitous feature of the memory impairment of AD. It is not, however, a necessary feature of all causes of memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Bayley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0948, USA
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Abstract
The occurrence of blinking during short term memory tasks was analyzed for 32 subjects divided into three groups: 12 memory impaired patients, 10 elderly normals (age-matched to the patients), and 10 young normals. The subjects were participating in a study of brain evoked potentials accompanying memory activities. They were instructed not to blink during the performance of the memory tasks for reasons related to the quality of the recorded potentials. In this context, the withholding of blinking can be considered a secondary task. Blinking during the short term memory tasks was inversely related to performance accuracy (r = -.57). Age, mini-mental score and reaction time were also significantly related to the frequency of blinking. Dividing the memory patients into two groups according to the incidence of blinking, ("high-blinking" and "low-blinking"), revealed a significant difference in overall task accuracy with the high-blinking group performing more poorly than the low-blinking group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Olichney
- Department of Neurology, La Jolla Veteran's Admin. Med. Center, San Diego, CA 92161
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