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Porras R, Miguel-Rojas C, Lorite IJ, Pérez-de-Luque A, Sillero JC. Characterization of durum wheat resistance against leaf rust under climate change conditions of increasing temperature and [CO 2]. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22001. [PMID: 38081920 PMCID: PMC10713590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat cultivation in Mediterranean regions is threatened by abiotic factors, mainly related to the effects of climate change, and biotic factors such as the leaf rust disease. This situation requires an in-depth knowledge of how predicted elevated temperatures and [CO2] will affect durum wheat-leaf rust interactions. Therefore, we have characterised the response of one susceptible and two resistant durum wheat accessions against leaf rust under different environments in greenhouse assays, simulating the predicted conditions of elevated temperature and [CO2] in the far future period of 2070-2099 for the wheat growing region of Cordoba, Spain. Interestingly, high temperature alone or in combination with high [CO2] did not alter the external appearance of the rust lesions. However, through macro and microscopic evaluation, we found some host physiological and molecular responses to infection that would quantitatively reduce not only pustule formation and subsequent infection cycles of this pathogen, but also the host photosynthetic area under these predicted weather conditions, mainly expressed in the susceptible accession. Moreover, our results suggest that durum wheat responses to infection are mainly driven by temperature, being considered the most hampering abiotic stress. In contrast, leaf rust infection was greatly reduced when these weather conditions were also conducted during the inoculation process, resembling the effects of possible heat waves not only in disease development, but also in fungal germination and penetration success. Considering this lack of knowledge in plant-pathogen interactions combined with abiotic stresses, the present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to include the effects of the expected diurnal variation of maximum temperature and continuous elevated [CO2] in the durum wheat-leaf rust pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Porras
- Area of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguel-Rojas
- Area of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Lorite
- Area of Natural and Forest Resources, IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque
- Area of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Josefina C Sillero
- Area of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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Huertas-García AB, Guzmán C, Ibba MI, Rakszegi M, Sillero JC, Alvarez JB. Processing and Bread-Making Quality Profile of Spanish Spelt Wheat. Foods 2023; 12:2996. [PMID: 37627995 PMCID: PMC10453461 DOI: 10.3390/foods12162996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years. Recently, this species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural and traditional foods has driven a revival of the crop. In the current study, eighty-eight traditional spelt genotypes from Spain, together with nine common wheat cultivars and one modern spelt (cv. Anna Maria) were grown during a period of two years in Andalucia (southern Spain). In each, several traits were measured in to evaluate their milling, processing, and end-use quality (bread-making). The comparison between species suggested that, in general, spelt and common wheat showed differences for most of the measured traits; on average, spelt genotypes had softer grains, higher protein content (14.3 vs. 11.9%) and gluten extensibility (alveograph P/L 0.5 vs. 1.8), and lower gluten strength (alveograph W 187 vs. 438 × 10-4 J). In the baking test, both species showed similar values. Nevertheless, the analysis of this set of spelt genotypes showed a wide range for all measured traits, with higher values than common wheat in some spelt genotypes for some traits. This opens up the possibility of using these materials in future breeding programs, to develop either new spelt or common wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Huertas-García
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.B.H.-G.); (J.B.A.)
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.B.H.-G.); (J.B.A.)
| | - Maria Itria Ibba
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico DF, Mexico;
| | - Marianna Rakszegi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary;
| | | | - Juan B. Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.B.H.-G.); (J.B.A.)
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Huertas-García AB, Tabbita F, Alvarez JB, Sillero JC, Ibba MI, Rakszegi M, Guzmán C. Genetic Variability for Grain Components Related to Nutritional Quality in Spelt and Common Wheat. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37394748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is part of the so-called ancient wheats. These types of wheats are experiencing a revival as they have been proposed to be healthier than conventional wheat. However, the given healthier condition of spelt is not substantiated by solid scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability for several grain components, related to nutritional quality (arabinoxylans, micronutrients, phytic acid) in a set of spelt and common wheat genotypes to determinate if spelt is potentially healthier than common wheat. The results obtained indicated that within the compared species, there is a significant variation in the nutritional compounds, and it is not truthful and accurate to state that one species is healthier than the other. Within both groups, genotypes showing outstanding values for some traits were detected, which could be used in breeding programs to develop new wheat cultivars with good agronomic performance and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Huertas-García
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, Córdoba ES-14071, Spain
| | - Facundo Tabbita
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, Córdoba ES-14071, Spain
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), N. Repetto y los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, Córdoba ES-14071, Spain
| | - Josefina C Sillero
- IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - M Itria Ibba
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Marianna Rakszegi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, Córdoba ES-14071, Spain
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Ávila CM, Requena-Ramírez MD, Rodríguez-Suárez C, Flores F, Sillero JC, Atienza SG. Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Stem Cross Section Properties, Height and Heading Date in a Collection of Spanish Durum Wheat Landraces. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10061123. [PMID: 34205906 PMCID: PMC8230085 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat landraces have a high potential for breeding but they remain underexploited due to several factors, including the insufficient evaluation of these plant materials and the lack of efficient selection tools for transferring target traits into elite backgrounds. In this work, we characterized 150 accessions of the Spanish durum wheat collection for stem cross section, height and heading date. Continuous variation and high heritabilities were recorded for the stem area, pith area, pith diameter, culm wall thickness, height and heading date. The accessions were genotyped with DArTSeq markers, which were aligned to the durum wheat 'Svevo' genome. The markers corresponding to genes, with a minor allele frequency above 5% and less than 10% of missing data, were used for genome-wide association scan analysis. Twenty-nine marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified and compared with the positions of previously known QTLs. MTAs for height and heading date co-localized with the QTLs for these traits. In addition, all the MTAs for stem traits in chromosome 2B were located in the corresponding synteny regions of the markers associated with lodging in bread wheat. Finally, several MTAs for stem traits co-located with the QTL for wheat stem sawfly (WSS) resistance. The results presented herein reveal the same genomic regions in chromosome 2B are involved in the genetic control of stem traits and lodging tolerance in both durum and bread wheat. In addition, these results suggest the importance of stem traits for WSS resistance and the potential of these landraces as donors for lodging tolerance and WSS resistance enhancement. In this context, the MTAs for stem-related traits identified in this work can serve as a reference for further development of markers for the introgression of target traits into elite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Ávila
- Área Genómica y Biotecnología, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológia-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo. 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Requena-Ramírez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, S/N, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.D.R.-R.); (C.R.-S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Suárez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, S/N, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.D.R.-R.); (C.R.-S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Fernando Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, E.T.S.I. Campus El Carmen, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, S/N, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Josefina C. Sillero
- Área Genómica y Biotecnología, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológia-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo. 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Sergio G. Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, S/N, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.D.R.-R.); (C.R.-S.); (S.G.A.)
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Miguel-Rojas C, Montanha GS, Carmona FJ, Dal Sasso G, Sillero JC, Skov Pedersen J, Masciocchi N, Guagliardi A, Pérez-de-Luque A, Delgado-López JM. Reducing Nitrogen Dosage in Triticum durum Plants with Urea-Doped Nanofertilizers. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1043. [PMID: 32486000 PMCID: PMC7353301 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a very promising tool towards more efficient and sustainable practices in agriculture. In this work, we propose the use of non-toxic calcium phosphate nanoparticles doped with urea (U-ACP) for the fertilization of Triticum durum plants. U-ACP nanoparticles present very similar morphology, structure, and composition than the amorphous precursor of bone mineral, but contain a considerable amount of nitrogen as adsorbed urea (up to ca. 6 wt % urea). Tests on Triticum durum plants indicated that yields and quality of the crops treated with the nanoparticles at reduced nitrogen dosages (by 40%) were unaltered in comparison to positive control plants, which were given the minimum N dosages to obtain the highest values of yield and quality in fields. In addition, optical microscopy inspections showed that Alizarin Red S stained nanoparticles were able to penetrate through the epidermis of the roots or the stomata of the leaves. We observed that the uptake through the roots occurs much faster than through the leaves (1 h vs. 2 days, respectively). Our results highlight the potential of engineering nanoparticles to provide a considerable efficiency of nitrogen uptake by durum wheat and open the door to design more sustainable practices for the fertilization of wheat in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria B. Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; (C.M.-R.); (F.J.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Cristina Miguel-Rojas
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; (C.M.-R.); (F.J.C.); (N.M.)
- IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Area of Genomic and Biotechnology, Avenida Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Gabriel S. Montanha
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário 303, 13416-000 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Francisco J. Carmona
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; (C.M.-R.); (F.J.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Gregorio Dal Sasso
- Institute of Crystallography and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; (G.D.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Josefina C. Sillero
- IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Area of Genomic and Biotechnology, Avenida Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; (C.M.-R.); (F.J.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Institute of Crystallography and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy; (G.D.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque
- IFAPA Alameda del Obispo, Area of Genomic and Biotechnology, Avenida Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - José M. Delgado-López
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Rubiales D, Rojas-Molina MM, Sillero JC. Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms in Faba Bean ( Vicia faba) against Broomrape Species ( Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.). Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1747. [PMID: 27920790 PMCID: PMC5118618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba) production in Mediterranean and Near East agriculture is severely constrained by broomrape infection. The most widely distributed broomrape species affecting faba bean is Orobanche crenata, although O. foetida and Phelipanche aegyptiaca are of local importance. Only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers. Rizotrons studies allowed the dissection of resistance components in faba bean accessions against the very infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri and P. aegyptiaca, and to the inappropriate P. ramosa and O. foetida var. foetida. Results confirm that some levels of incomplete resistance are available, resulting in a reduced number of broomrape tubercles successfully formed per faba bean plant. Interestingly, the intermediate levels of resistance of cv. Baraca were operative against all broomrape populations and species studied, confirming previous reports on the stability of resistance of Baraca in field trials in different countries. Low induction of seed germination played a major role in the resistance against the inappropriate O. foetida var. foetida but not against the also inappropriate P. ramosa, neither to the infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri, or P. aegyptiaca. Negative tropism of germinated seeds with radicles growing away from faba bean roots was marked for both inappropriate species but was not observed in any of the infective species. Also, a proportion of radicles that had successfully contacted faba bean roots became necrotic, failing in starting tubercle development, particularly frequent for the two inappropriate species. Such necrosis was significant also on radicles contacting resistant faba bean accessions, being particularly relevant for Spanish O. crenata population, and lower although still significant in some accessions against Syrian O. crenata and P. aegyptiaca, suggesting that this might also be an operative mechanism to be selected and further exploited in faba bean resistance breeding. Even formed broomrape tubercles might later become necrotic, particularly in the case of some of the resistant faba bean accessions to the Spanish O. crenata and to P. aegyptiaca but not to the very infective Syrian O. crenata or O. foetida var. broteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rubiales
- CSIC, Institute for Sustainable AgricultureCórdoba, Spain
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Pérez-de-Luque A, Cifuentes Z, Beckstead JA, Sillero JC, Avila C, Rubio J, Ryan RO. Effect of amphotericin B nanodisks on plant fungal diseases. Pest Manag Sci 2012; 68:67-74. [PMID: 21710554 PMCID: PMC3645367 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of water-soluble nanodevices extends the potential use of compounds developed for other purposes (e.g. antifungal drugs or antibiotics) for applications in agriculture. For example, the broad-spectrum, water-insoluble, macrolide polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB) could be used to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi. A new formulation embedding AMB in nanodisks (NDs) enhances antibiotic solubility and confers protection against environmental damage. In the present study, AMB-NDs were tested for efficacy against several phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and on infected living plants (chickpea and wheat). RESULTS Compared with AMB in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), AMB-NDs increased the sensitivity of several fungal species to this antimycotic in vitro. Sensitivity varied with fungal species as well as with the forma specialis. Phytophthora cinnamomi, previously reported as insensitive to other polyene antimycotics, remained unaffected at the doses examined. Some effect against disease symptoms were obtained with AMB-NDs against fusarium wilt in chickpea, whereas the results were highly variable in wheat, depending on both the species and treatment regimen. CONCLUSION The results confirm that formulation of AMB into ND increases its effectiveness against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro, opening the possibility for its use on infected plants in the field.
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Rubiales D, Fernández-Aparicio M, Pérez-de-Luque A, Castillejo MA, Prats E, Sillero JC, Rispail N, Fondevilla S. Breeding approaches for crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) management in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65:553-9. [PMID: 19253919 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pea cultivation is strongly hampered in Mediterranean and Middle East farming systems by the occurrence of Orobanche crenata Forsk. Strategies of control have been developed, but only marginal successes have been achieved. Most control methods are either unfeasible, uneconomical, hard to achieve or result in incomplete protection. The integration of several control measures is the most desirable strategy. RESULTS [corrected] Recent developments in control are presented and re-evaluated in light of recent developments in crop breeding and molecular genetics. These developments are placed within a framework that is compatible with current agronomic practices. CONCLUSION The current focus in applied breeding is leveraging biotechnological tools to develop more and better markers to speed up the delivery of improved cultivars to the farmer. To date, however, progress in marker development and delivery of useful markers has been slow. The application of knowledge gained from basic genomic research and genetic engineering will contribute to more rapid pea improvement for resistance against O. crenata and/or the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain.
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Emeran AA, Sillero JC, Niks RE, Rubiales D. Infection Structures of Host-Specialized Isolates of Uromyces viciae-fabae and of Other Species of Uromyces Infecting Leguminous Crops. Plant Dis 2005; 89:17-22. [PMID: 30795278 DOI: 10.1094/pd-89-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of the morphology of urediniospores and primary infection structures of 12 isolates of six legume-infecting species of Uromyces. Infection structures were sufficient to distinguish among species. Isolates of Uromyces viciae-fabae proved to be specialized with respect to host, because each isolate infected only cultivars of the species from which it was collected. Host-specialized isolates of U. viciae-fabae also were morphologically distinct, differing in both spore dimensions and infection structure morphology. In particular, the shape and dimensions of the substomatal vesicle were distinctive. These results support the view that U. viciae-fabae sensu lato is a species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Emeran
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Apdo 4084, 14080 Cóacute;rdoba, Spain
| | - J C Sillero
- CIFA Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 4240, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - R E Niks
- Department of Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Rubiales
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Abstract
Crenate broomrape is a parasitic weed that represents a major constraint for pulse and forage legume production in the Mediterranean and West Asia regions. Control strategies have centered around agronomic practices and the use of herbicides, although success has been marginal. Resistance breeding is hampered by scarcity of proper sources of resistance and of a reliable and practical screening procedure. A germ plasm collection of 208 accessions of vetch belonging to 42 Vicia spp. was screened for resistance to crenate broomrape under field conditions. High levels of resistance were found in several species. Resistance of selected accessions was confirmed by a low induction of broomrape seed germination in pot and in vitro experiments. This was followed by a scarce establishment of broomrape radicles in contact with host roots and a limited development of established tubercles. In addition, a hypersensitive-like necrosis occasionally was observed, but at low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sillero
- CIFA, Departamento Mejora y Agronomía, Apdo 3092, E-14080-Córdoba, Spain
| | - M T Moreno
- CIFA, Departamento Mejora y Agronomía, Apdo 3092, E-14080-Córdoba, Spain
| | - D Rubiales
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Apdo 4084, E-14080-Córdoba, Spain
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Avila CM, Satovic Z, Sillero JC, Rubiales D, Moreno MT, Torres AM. Isolate and organ-specific QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean ( Vicia faba L). Theor Appl Genet 2004; 108:1071-8. [PMID: 15067393 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2003] [Accepted: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to locate the genomic regions responsible for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean. Six QTLs were identified with the help of a linkage map constructed from a F(2) population from the cross between the inbred lines 29H (resistant) and VF136 (susceptible). Two pathogenically distinct Ascochyta isolates were used to study the genetic control against them and disease evaluations were performed separately on leaves and stems to investigate whether different genetic systems control resistance in each plant organ, as previously suggested. The six QTLs detected were named Af3 to Af8. Af3 and Af4 were effective against both Ascochyta isolates, Af5 was only effective against isolate CO99-01 while Af6, Af7 and Af8 were only effective against isolate LO98-01. Af3, Af4, Af5 and Af7 were revealed in both leaves and stems. By contrast, Af6 was only effective in leaves and Af8 only in stems. The validity and application of these results in a MAS program is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Avila
- Departamento de Mejora y Agronomía, CIFA-Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain.
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Avila CM, Sillero JC, Rubiales D, Moreno MT, Torres AM. Identification of RAPD markers linked to the Uvf-1 gene conferring hypersensitive resistance against rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) in Vicia faba L. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 107:353-8. [PMID: 12698251 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2002] [Accepted: 11/22/2002] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bulk segregant analysis was used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to a gene determining hypersensitive resistance in Vicia faba line 2N52 against race 1 of the rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae. The monogenic nature of the resistance was determined by analyzing the F(2) population from a cross between resistant line 2N52 and susceptible line VF-176, and further confirmed in the F(2:3)-derived families. Linkage of the RAPD markers was confirmed by screening 55 F(2) plants segregating for resistance. Three RAPD markers (OPD13(736), OPL18(1032) and OPI20(900)) were mapped in coupling phase to the resistance gene for race 1 ( Uvf-1). No recombinants between OPI20(900) and Uvf-1 were detected. Two additional markers (OPP02(1172) and OPR07(930)) were linked to the gene in repulsion phase at a distance of 9.9 and 11.5 cM, respectively. The application of marker-assisted selection to develop new faba bean varieties with rust resistance genes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Avila
- Departamento de Mejora y Agronomía, CIFA-Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Components of resistance to the faba bean rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) were studied at the histological level in seedlings and adult plants of nine faba bean (Vicia faba) lines differing in their level of resistance. Resistance of these lines was previously shown to be characterized macroscopically by an increased latent period, a decreased colony size, and a relatively decreased infection frequency. In some lines, the resistance also was associated with macroscopically visible necrosis. Histological investigations revealed few differences in spore germination and appressorium formation. Significant levels of aborted stomatal penetration by the rust fungus were found on all resistant lines. However, differences among lines were more evident once the stomata were penetrated by the infection structures. Resistance was mainly due to a restriction of haustorium formation with varying levels of early abortion of the colonies, a reduction in the number of haustoria per colony, and smaller colony size. In addition, necrosis of the host cells associated with infection hyphae was detectable in some lines from the beginning of colony development. This microscopically visible necrosis became stronger from 4 days after inoculation, resulting in a reduced growth of the colony. Differences in resistance levels were more marked in adult plants than in seedlings.
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