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Samir M, Moustafa E, Almora O, Ramírez-Como M, Montero-Rama MP, Sánchez JG, Palomares E, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. CPE-Na-Based Hole Transport Layers for Improving the Stability in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16317-16327. [PMID: 38526453 PMCID: PMC10995908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have experienced significant development in the last decades after the introduction of nonfullerene acceptor molecules with top power conversion efficiencies reported over 19% and considerable versatility, for example, with application in transparent/semitransparent and flexible photovoltaics. Yet, the optimization of the operational stability continues to be a challenge. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the use of a conjugated polyelectrolyte polymer (CPE-Na) as a hole layer (HTL) to improve the performance and longevity of OPV cells. Two different fabrication approaches were adopted: integrating CPE-Na with PEDOT:PSS to create a composite HTL and using CPE-Na as a stand-alone bilayer deposited beneath PEDOT:PSS on the ITO substrate. These configurations were compared against a reference device employing PEDOT:PSS alone, as the HTL increased efficiency and fill factor. The instruments with CPE-Na also demonstrated increased stability in the dark and under simulated operational conditions. Device-based PEDOT:PSS as an HTL reached T80 after 2500 h while involving CPE-Na in the device kept at T90 in the same period, evidenced by a reduced degradation rate. Furthermore, the impedance spectroscopy and photoinduced transient methods suggest optimized charge transfer and reduced charge carrier recombination. These findings collectively highlight the potential of CPE-Na as a HTL optimizer material for nonfluorine OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Enas Moustafa
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Science
and Engineering of Renewable Energy Department, Faculty of Postgraduate
Studies for Advanced Science, Beni Suef
University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Osbel Almora
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Magaly Ramírez-Como
- Sección
de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, UPIITA Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Maria Pilar Montero-Rama
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-CERCA (ICIQ-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-CERCA (ICIQ-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Institución
Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Moustafa E, Marsal LF, Pallarès J. Significant Stability Improvement of Fullerene Organic Photovoltaics via ZnO Film Modification through the Intermittent Spray Pyrolysis Technique. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:4390-4403. [PMID: 35497681 PMCID: PMC9045677 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphological control of the layers within the bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics (BHJ-OPVs) is a key feature that governs their performance. In the present work, we demonstrate that zinc oxide-ZnO-interlayers sprayed via the intermittent spray pyrolysis technique, employing a low-concentration precursor solution, can yield inverted BHJ-OPVs as efficient as the standard reported ones using the conventional laboratory-scale spin-coating technique. However, we record a pioneer stability behavior of the fabricated inverted fullerene organic photovoltaics (iF-OPVs) with various sprayed ZnO conditions. Thus, after optimizing the sprayed ZnO interfacial layer morphology for the inverted PTB7-Th:PC70BM devices, by carefully inspecting the interdependence between the sprayed ZnO thin film morphology and the figures of merit of the optimized iF-OPVs, we conducted a distinct analysis on the optical and electronic properties of the fresh and degraded devices using external quantum efficiency measurements and impedance spectroscopy. Hence, we showed that the most proper ZnO microstructural morphology was obtained by spraying 25 running cycles (25R). Remarkably, we observed that 25R-ZnO-based iF-OPV devices showed a stunning stability behavior and maintained 85% of their initial power conversion efficiency even after 16.7 months without encapsulation in a dry nitrogen glovebox, demonstrating an excellent shelf stability. Accordingly, this approach might facilitate the scalability of inverted OPVs for industrial production visibility.
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Álvaro‐Martins MJ, Sánchez JG, Lavarda G, Molina D, Pallarès J, Torres T, Marsal LF, Sastre‐Santos Á. Front Cover: Subphthalocyanine‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole Conjugates: 3D Star‐Shaped Systems as Non‐Fullerene Acceptors in Polymer Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage (ChemPlusChem 10/2021). Chempluschem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
| | - Desiré Molina
- Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández 03202 Elche Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
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Álvaro-Martins MJ, Sánchez JG, Lavarda G, Molina D, Pallarès J, Torres T, Marsal LF, Sastre-Santos Á. Subphthalocyanine-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Conjugates: 3D Star-Shaped Systems as Non-Fullerene Acceptors in Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1360-1361. [PMID: 34337886 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Ángela Sastre-Santos, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Prof. Lluis F. Marsal, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Prof. Tomás Torres, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. The cover shows a toy doll holding an umbrella which represents a non-planar, highly conjugated subphthalocyanine-diketopyrrolopyrrole hybrid molecule for non-fullerene organic solar cells. When the sun shines on the umbrella, it absorbs the light, and the doll slides down a polymeric flexible solar cell like a slide, where electrons are produced and electricity flows into the magic wand to illuminate the room. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Ángela Sastre-Santos, Lluis F. Marsal, Tomás Torres, and co-workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José G Sánchez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiré Molina
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Torimtubun AA, Follana-Berná J, Sánchez JG, Pallarès J, Sastre-Santos Á, Marsal LF. Fluorinated Zinc and Copper Phthalocyanines as Efficient Third Components in Ternary Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2021; 4:5201-5211. [PMID: 36426379 PMCID: PMC9677599 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated zinc and copper metallophthalocyanines MPcF48 are synthesized and incorporated as third component small molecules in ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs). To enable the high performance of TOSCs, maximizing short-circuit current density (J SC) is crucial. Ternary bulk heterojunction blends, consisting of a polymer donor PTB7-Th, fullerene acceptors PC70BM, and a third component MPcF48, are formulated to fabricate TOSCs with a device architecture of ITO/PFN/active layer/V2O5/Ag. Employing copper as metal atom substitution in the third component of TOSCs enhances J SC as a result of complementary absorption spectra in the near-infrared region. In combination with J SC enhancement, suppressed charge recombination, improved exciton dissociation and charge carrier collection efficiency, and better morphology lead to a slightly improved fill factor (FF), resulting in a 7% enhancement of PCE than those of binary OSCs. In addition to the increased PCE, the photostability of TOSCs has also been improved by the appropriate addition of CuPcF48. Detailed studies imply that metal atom substitution in phthalocyanines is an effective way to improve J SC, FF, and thus the performance and photostability of TOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina
Abat Amelenan Torimtubun
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Jorge Follana-Berná
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Álvaro-Martins MJ, Sánchez JG, Lavarda G, Molina D, Pallarès J, Torres T, Marsal LF, Sastre-Santos Á. Subphthalocyanine-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Conjugates: 3D Star-Shaped Systems as Non-Fullerene Acceptors in Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1366-1373. [PMID: 33973731 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Four star-shaped electron acceptors (C1 -OPh, C3 -OPh, C1 -Cl and C3 -Cl) based on a subphthalocyanine core bearing three diketopyrrolopyrrole wings linked by an acetylene bridge have been synthesized. These derivatives feature two different axial substituents (i. e., 4-tert-butylphenoxy (OPh) or chlorine (Cl)) and for each of them, both the C1 and the C3 regioisomers have been investigated. The four compounds exhibit a broad absorption band in the 450-700 nm region, with bandgap values near to 2 eV. These materials were applied in the active layer of inverted bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells in combination with the donor polymer PBDB-T. Derivatives bearing the OPh axial group showed the best performances, with C1 -OPh being the most promising with a PCE of 3.27 % and a Voc as high as 1.17 V. Despite presenting the widest absorption range, the photovoltaic results obtained with C1 -Cl turned out to be the lowest (PCE=1.01 %).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José G Sánchez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiré Molina
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica Electrica i Automatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Sánchez JG, Balderrama VS, Garduño SI, Osorio E, Viterisi A, Estrada M, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Impact of inkjet printed ZnO electron transport layer on the characteristics of polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13094-13102. [PMID: 35542512 PMCID: PMC9079671 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that zinc oxide (ZnO) layers deposited by inkjet printing (IJP) can be successfully applied to the low-temperature fabrication of efficient inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). The effects of ZnO layers deposited by IJP as electron transport layer (ETL) on the performance of i-PSCs based on PTB7-Th:PC70BM active layers are investigated. The morphology of the ZnO-IJP layers was analysed by AFM, and compared to that of ZnO layers deposited by different techniques. The study shows that the morphology of the ZnO underlayer has a dramatic effect on the band structure and non-geminate recombination kinetics of the active layer deposited on top of it. Charge carrier and transient photovoltage measurements show that non-geminate recombination is governed by deep trap states in devices made from ZnO-IJP while trapping is less significant for other types of ZnO. The power conversion efficiency of the devices made from ZnO-IJP is mostly limited by their slightly lower JSC, resulting from non-optimum photon conversion efficiency in the visible part of the solar spectrum. Despite these minor limitations their J–V characteristics compare very favourably with that of devices made from ZnO layer deposited using different techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate that zinc oxide (ZnO) layers deposited by inkjet printing (IJP) can be successfully applied to the low-temperature fabrication of efficient inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Sánchez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Víctor S. Balderrama
- Cátedra-CONACYT
- Center for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI)
- Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Department (MEMS)
- 76125 Santiago de Querétaro
- México
| | - Salvador I. Garduño
- Cátedra-CONACYT
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-I.P.N)
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- México
| | - Edith Osorio
- Cátedra-CONACYT
- Universidad de Quintana Roo
- División de Ciencia e Ingeniería
- Chetumal
- México
| | - Aurelien Viterisi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Magali Estrada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-I.P.N)
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- México
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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Osorio E, Sánchez JG, Acquaroli LN, Pacio M, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Degradation Analysis of Encapsulated and Nonencapsulated TiO 2/PTB7:PC 70BM/V 2O 5 Solar Cells under Ambient Conditions via Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS Omega 2017; 2:3091-3097. [PMID: 31457641 PMCID: PMC6641627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inverted organic cells are promising devices for sustainable and low-cost future electric generation. In this work, we present the degradation mechanisms studied in ITO/TiO2/PTB7:PC70BM/V2O5/Ag inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) by impedance spectroscopy (IS). Measurements were performed on encapsulated (controlled environment) and nonencapsulated (ambient condition) cells following their temporal evolution under AM1.5 illumination for several voltage biases. From the impedance spectra, analyzed in terms of resistive/capacitive equivalent circuits, we were able to identify that the most sensitive layers inside of the device are contact layers. According with presented, IS technique is useful for determining the materials that have more influence on the degradation of organic solar cells. We demonstrate that IS is a powerful technique to identify the limiting mechanisms and to establish the limiting materials inside of the iOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Osorio
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Leandro N. Acquaroli
- Department
of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mauricio Pacio
- Centro
de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla CIDS-ICUAP, 14 sur and Av. San Claudio, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Formentín P, Catalán Ú, Pallarès J, Marsal LF, Solà R. Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:675-681. [PMID: 28462069 PMCID: PMC5372752 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Micro- and nanoscale substrates have been fabricated in order to study the influence of the topography on the cellular response. The aim of this work was to prepare different collagen-coated silicon substrates displaying grooves and ridges to mimic the aligned and elongated endothelium found in linear vessels, and to use them as substrates to study cell growth and behaviour. Results: The influence of groove-shaped substrates on cell adhesion, morphology and proliferation were assessed, by comparing them to flat silicon substrates, used as control condition. Using human aortic endothelial cells, microscopy images demonstrate that the cellular response is different depending on the silicon surface, when it comes to cell adhesion, morphology (alignment, circularity and filopodia presence) and proliferation. Moreover, these structures exerted no cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: The results suggest that topographical patterning influences cell response. Silicon groove substrates can be used in developing medical devices with microscale features to mimic the endothelium in lineal vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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Bertó-Roselló F, Xifré-Pérez E, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous Anodic Alumina 3D FDTD Modelling for a Broad Range of Inter-pore Distances. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:359. [PMID: 27518230 PMCID: PMC4987547 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The capability of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for the numerical modelling of the optical properties of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) in a broad range of inter-pore distances is evaluated. FDTD permits taking into account in the same numerical framework all the structural features of NAA, such as the texturization of the interfaces or the incorporation of electrolyte anions in the aluminium oxide host. The evaluation is carried out by comparing reflectance measurements from two samples with two very different inter-pore distances with the simulation results. Results show that considering the texturization is crucial to obtain good agreement with the measurements. On the other hand, including the anionic layer in the model leads to a second-order contribution to the reflectance spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bertó-Roselló
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Pérez-Barrado E, Marsal LF, Aguiló M, Cesteros Y, Díaz F, Pallarès J, Cucinotta F, Marchese L, Pujol MC, Salagre P. Thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots hosted in saponites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile synthesis of composite luminescent materials based on CdTe quantum dots hosted in saponites.
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12
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Formentín P, Catalán Ú, Fernández-Castillejo S, Alba M, Baranowska M, Solà R, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Human aortic endothelial cell morphology influenced by topography of porous silicon substrates. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:398-408. [PMID: 26017716 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215588414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon has received much attention because of its optical properties and for its usefulness in cell-based biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications. Surface properties of the biomaterial are associated with cell adhesion and with proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The present article analyzes the behavior of human aortic endothelial cells in macro- and nanoporous collagen-modified porous silicon samples. On both substrates, cells are well adhered and numerous. Confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the effects of porosity on the morphology of the cells. On macroporous silicon, filopodia is not observed but the cell spreads on the surface, increasing the lamellipodia surface which penetrates the macropore. On nanoporous silicon, multiple filopodia were found to branch out from the cell body. These results demonstrate that the pore size plays a key role in controlling the morphology and growth rate of human aortic endothelial cells, and that these forms of silicon can be used to control cell development in tissue engineering as well as in basic cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Formentín
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Malgorzata Baranowska
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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13
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Alba M, Formentin P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to silane-functionalized porous silicon: A comparison of electrostatic and covalent attachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:180-189. [PMID: 25942096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is a prosperous biomaterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Obtaining regularly functionalized pSi surfaces is required in many biotechnology applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is useful for single-molecule studies due to its ability to attach to only one biomolecule. We investigate the functionalization of pSi with silane-PEG-NHS and compare it with two common grafting agents: APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as electrostatic linker, and APTMS modified with glutaraldehyde as covalent spacer. We show the arrangement of two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin) as a function of the functionalization and of the pore size. FTIR is used to demonstrate correct functionalization while fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more uniform protein distribution. Reflection interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is used to estimate the attachment of linker and proteins. The results open a way to obtain homogenous chemical modified silicon supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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14
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Abstract
This study demonstrates how it is possible to tune the sensitivity of nanoporous anodic alumina optical biosensors by adjusting pore diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Macias
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - J. Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - J. Pallarès
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - L. F. Marsal
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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15
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Formentín P, Alba M, Catalán Ú, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pallarès J, Solà R, Marsal LF. Effects of macro- versus nanoporous silicon substrates on human aortic endothelial cell behavior. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:421. [PMID: 25246859 PMCID: PMC4158340 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human aortic endothelial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is a common, progressive, and multifactorial disease that is the clinical endpoint of an inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. Study and development of new therapies against cardiovascular disease must be tested in vitro cell models, prior to be evaluated in vivo. To this aim, new cell culture platforms are developed that allow cells to grow and respond to their environment in a realistic manner. In this work, the cell adhesion and morphology of endothelial cells are investigated on functionalized porous silicon substrates with two different pore size configurations: macroporous and nanoporous silicon. Herein, we modified the surfaces of porous silicon substrates by aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and we studied how different pore geometries induced different cellular response in the cell morphology and adhesion. The cell growth over the surface of porous silicon becomes an attractive field, especially for medical applications. Surface properties of the biomaterial are associated with cell adhesion and as well as, with proliferation, migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Formentín
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - María Alba
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Tarragona 43201, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Tarragona 43201, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Rosà Solà
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Tarragona 43201, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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16
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Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. pH-responsive drug delivery system based on hollow silicon dioxide micropillars coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:411. [PMID: 25221455 PMCID: PMC4151279 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow silicon dioxide micropillars as pH-responsive drug delivery systems. Silicon dioxide micropillars are based on macroporous silicon formed by electrochemical etching. Due to their hollow core capable of being loaded with chemically active agents, silicon dioxide micropillars provide additional function such as drug delivery system. The polyelectrolyte multilayer was assembled by the layer-by-layer technique based on the alternative deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolyte pair poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) exhibited pH-responsive properties for the loading and release of a positively charged drug doxorubicin. The drug release rate was observed to be higher at pH 5.2 compared to that at pH 7.4. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the number of polyelectrolyte bilayers on the drug release loading and release rate. Thus, this hybrid composite could be potentially applicable as a pH-controlled system for localized drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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17
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Hernández-Eguía LP, Ferré-Borrull J, Macias G, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Engineering optical properties of gold-coated nanoporous anodic alumina for biosensing. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:414. [PMID: 25177224 PMCID: PMC4146444 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect in the Fabry-Pérot optical interferences of nanoporous anodic alumina films coated with gold is studied as a function of the porosity and of the gold thickness by means of reflectance spectroscopy. Samples with porosities between 14 and 70% and gold thicknesses (10 and 20 nm) were considered. The sputtering of gold on the nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) films results in an increase of the fringe intensity of the oscillations in the spectra resulting from Fabry-Pérot interferences in the porous layer, with a reduction in the maximum reflectance in the UV-visible region. For the thicker gold layer, sharp valleys appear in the near-infrared (IR) range that can be useful for accurate spectral shift measurements in optical biosensing. A theoretical model for the optical behavior has also been proposed. The model shows a very good agreement with the experimental measurements, what makes it useful for design and optimization of devices based on this material. This material capability is enormous for using it as an accurate and sensitive optical sensor, since gold owns a well-known surface chemistry with certain molecules, most of them biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Hernández-Eguía
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Macias
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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18
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Macias G, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. 1-D nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters by means of small current variations for real-time sensing applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:315. [PMID: 25024680 PMCID: PMC4082282 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A rugate filter based on nanoporous anodic alumina was fabricated using an innovative sinusoidal current profile with small current variation. The resulting structure consisted of highly parallel pores with modulations of the pore diameter along the pore axis and with no branching. The effect of the period time and the pore widening post-treatment was studied. From reflectance measurements, it was seen that the position of the reflection band can be tuned by adjusting the period time and the width by pore-widening post-treatments. We tested one of the rugate filters by infiltrating the structure with EtOH and water in order to evaluate its sensing capabilities. This method allows the fabrication of complex in-depth modulated nanoporous anodic alumina structures that open up the possibility of new kinds of alumina-based optical sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Macias
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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19
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Alba M, Romano E, Formentín P, Eravuchira PJ, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Selective dual-side functionalization of hollow SiO2 micropillar arrays for biotechnological applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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20
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Ferré-Borrull J, Rahman MM, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tuning nanoporous anodic alumina distributed-Bragg reflectors with the number of anodization cycles and the anodization temperature. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:416. [PMID: 25177225 PMCID: PMC4147935 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the anodization temperature and of the number of applied voltage cycles on the photonic properties of nanoporous anodic alumina-based distributed-Bragg reflectors obtained by cyclic voltage anodization is analyzed. Furthermore, the possibility of tuning the stop band central wavelength with a pore-widening treatment after anodization and its combined effect with temperature has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic transmittance measurements. The spectra for samples measured right after anodization show irregular stop bands, which become better defined with the pore widening process. The results show that with 50 applied voltage cycles, stop bands are obtained and that increasing the number of cycles contributes to enhancing the photonic stop bands (specially for the case of the as-produced samples) but at the expense of increased scattering losses. The anodization temperature is a crucial factor in the tuning of the photonic stop bands, with a linear rate of 42 nm/°C. The pore widening permits further tuning to reach stop bands with central wavelengths as low as 500 nm. Furthermore, the results also show that applying different anodization temperatures does not have a great influence in the pore-widening rate or in the photonic stop band width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Rahman MM, Marsal LF, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J. Tuning the photonic stop bands of nanoporous anodic alumina-based distributed bragg reflectors by pore widening. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:13375-81. [PMID: 24283602 DOI: 10.1021/am4043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A distributed Bragg reflector based on nanoporous anodic alumina was fabricated using an innovative cyclic anodization voltage approach, which resulted in an in-depth modulation of the pore geometry and the refractive index. The effect of a pore-widening wet-etching step on the structure's photonic stop-band properties was studied. From transmittance measurements, it was shown that by changing the pore-widening time it is possible to modulate the photonic stop band in the range of visible to near infrared. With the help of a theoretical model, we were able to obtain information about the evolution with the pore widening of the material effective refractive indexes. This opens the possibility of obtaining several optoelectronic devices based on nanoporous anodic alumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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22
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Galceran M, Pujol MC, Carvajal JJ, Mateos X, Formentín P, Pallarès J, Marsal LF, Park KH, Rotermund F, Kim K, Aguiló M, Díaz F. New microarchitectures of (Er,Yb):Lu2O3 nanocrystals embedded in PMMA: synthesis, structural characterization, and luminescent properties. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:385. [PMID: 24034270 PMCID: PMC3847838 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of two-dimensional disordered arrays of poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) microcolumns with embedded single size distribution of Lu0.990Er0.520Yb0.490 nanocrystals, (Er,Yb):Lu2O3, using a disordered porous silicon template. The cubic (Er,Yb):Lu2O3 nanocrystals, which crystallize into the cubic system with Ia3¯ space group, were synthesized using the modified Pechini method. Electronic microscopic techniques were used to study the distribution of the nanocrystals in the PMMA columns. Cathodoluminescence was used to observe the visible luminescence of the particles. Red emission attributed to 4 F9/2 → 4I15/2 erbium transition is predominant in these new composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Galceran
- Física i Cristal lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMAS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Maria Cinta Pujol
- Física i Cristal lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMAS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Carvajal
- Física i Cristal lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMAS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Xavier Mateos
- Física i Cristal lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMAS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Nanoelectronic and Photonic Systems (NePHoS), EMAS, Elèctrica i Autonomatica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Nanoelectronic and Photonic Systems (NePHoS), EMAS, Elèctrica i Autonomatica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Lluis Francesc Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Nanoelectronic and Photonic Systems (NePHoS), EMAS, Elèctrica i Autonomatica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Kyung Ho Park
- Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center (KANC), Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Fabian Rotermund
- Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, San 5 Wonchun, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Kim
- Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, San 5 Wonchun, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Magdalena Aguiló
- Física i Cristal lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMAS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Francesc Díaz
- Física i Cristal lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMAS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
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23
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Urteaga R, Acquaroli LN, Koropecki RR, Santos A, Alba M, Pallarès J, Marsal LF, Berli CLA. Optofluidic characterization of nanoporous membranes. Langmuir 2013; 29:2784-2789. [PMID: 23373556 DOI: 10.1021/la304869y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An optofluidic method that accurately identifies the internal geometry of nanochannel arrays is presented. It is based on the dynamics of capillary-driven fluid imbibition, which is followed by laser interferometry. Conical nanochannel arrays in anodized alumina are investigated, which present an asymmetry of the filling times measured from different sides of the membrane. It is demonstrated by theory and experiments that the capillary filling asymmetry only depends on the ratio H of the inlet to outlet pore radii and that the ratio of filling times vary closely as H(7/3). Besides, the capillary filling of conical channels exhibits striking results in comparison to the corresponding cylindrical channels. Apart from these novel results in nanoscale fluid dynamics, the whole method discussed here serves as a characterization technique for nanoporous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Urteaga
- INTEC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Rahman MM, Garcia-Caurel E, Santos A, Marsal LF, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J. Effect of the anodization voltage on the pore-widening rate of nanoporous anodic alumina. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:474. [PMID: 22916731 PMCID: PMC3460793 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the pore-widening rate of nanoporous anodic alumina layers as a function of the anodization voltage was carried out. The study focuses on samples produced under the same electrolyte and concentration but different anodization voltages within the self-ordering regime. By means of ellipsometry-based optical characterization, it is shown that in the pore-widening process, the porosity increases at a faster rate for lower anodization voltages. This opens the possibility of obtaining three-dimensional nanostructured nanoporous anodic alumina with controlled thickness and refractive index of each layer, and with a refractive index difference of up to 0.24 between layers, for samples produced with oxalic acid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | | | - Abel Santos
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Santos A, Macías G, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Photoluminescent enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:3584-8. [PMID: 22734648 DOI: 10.1021/am300648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a smart enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) and its photoluminescence (PL) in the UV-visible range. The as-produced structure of NAA is functionalized and activated in order to perform the enzyme immobilization in a controlled manner. The whole process is monitored through the PL spectrum and each stage is characterized by an exclusive barcode, which is associated with the PL oscillations. This characteristic property allows us to calculate the change in the effective optical thickness that takes place after each stage. This makes it possible to accurately detect and quantify the immobilized enzyme within the NAA structure. Finally, the NAA geometry (i.e., the pore length and its diameter) is optimized to improve the enzyme immobilization and its detection inside the pores. This enzymatic sensor can give quick and accurate measurements of enzyme levels, what is crucial in clinical enzymology to prevent and detect diseases at their primary stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avenida Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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26
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Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tunable Fabry-Pérot interferometer based on nanoporous anodic alumina for optical biosensing purposes. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:370. [PMID: 22759928 PMCID: PMC3413587 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a systematic study about the effect of the pore length and its diameter on the specular reflection in nanoporous anodic alumina. As we demonstrate, the specular reflection can be controlled at will by structural tuning (i.e., by designing the pore geometry). This makes it possible to produce a wide range of Fabry-Pérot interferometers based on nanoporous anodic alumina, which are envisaged for developing smart and accurate optical sensors in such research fields as biotechnology and medicine. Additionally, to systematize the responsiveness to external changes in optical sensors based on nanoporous anodic alumina, we put forward a barcode system based on the oscillations in the specular reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Victor S Balderrama
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - María Alba
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Méndez M, Cesteros Y, Marsal LF, Giguère A, Drouin D, Salagre P, Formentı́n P, Pallarès J, Aguiló M, Dı́az F, Carvajal JJ. Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Kinetics of Rehydroxylation of Eu3+:La2O3 Nanocrystals. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6139-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Méndez
- Fı́sica i Cristal·lografia
de Materials (FiCMa-FiCNA)
and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, E-43007
Tarragona, Spain
- GreenCat-EMaS, Departament Quı́mica
Fı́sica
i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí
Domingo, s/n, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nephos-EMaS, Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Campus Sescelades, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, E-43007 Tarragona,
Spain
| | - Yolanda Cesteros
- GreenCat-EMaS, Departament Quı́mica
Fı́sica
i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí
Domingo, s/n, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Francesc Marsal
- Nephos-EMaS, Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Campus Sescelades, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, E-43007 Tarragona,
Spain
| | - Alexandre Giguère
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke,
Québec,
Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Dominique Drouin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke,
Québec,
Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Pilar Salagre
- GreenCat-EMaS, Departament Quı́mica
Fı́sica
i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí
Domingo, s/n, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentı́n
- Nephos-EMaS, Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Campus Sescelades, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, E-43007 Tarragona,
Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nephos-EMaS, Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Campus Sescelades, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, E-43007 Tarragona,
Spain
| | - Magdalena Aguiló
- Fı́sica i Cristal·lografia
de Materials (FiCMa-FiCNA)
and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, E-43007
Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Dı́az
- Fı́sica i Cristal·lografia
de Materials (FiCMa-FiCNA)
and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, E-43007
Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Carvajal
- Fı́sica i Cristal·lografia
de Materials (FiCMa-FiCNA)
and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, E-43007
Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Alba M, Rahman MM, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Structural tuning of photoluminescence in nanoporous anodic alumina by hard anodization in oxalic and malonic acids. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:228. [PMID: 22515214 PMCID: PMC3413565 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on an exhaustive and systematic study about the photoluminescent properties of nanoporous anodic alumina membranes fabricated by the one-step anodization process under hard conditions in oxalic and malonic acids. This optical property is analysed as a function of several parameters (i.e. hard anodization voltage, pore diameter, membrane thickness, annealing temperature and acid electrolyte). This analysis makes it possible to tune the photoluminescent behaviour at will simply by modifying the structural characteristics of these membranes. This structural tuning ability is of special interest in such fields as optoelectronics, in which an accurate design of the basic nanostructures (e.g. microcavities, resonators, filters, supports, etc.) yields the control over their optical properties and, thus, upon the performance of the nanodevices derived from them (biosensors, interferometers, selective filters, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mahbubur M Rahman
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous anodic alumina barcodes: toward smart optical biosensors. Adv Mater 2012; 24:1050-4. [PMID: 22266815 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toward a smart optical biosensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA): by modifying the pore geometry in nanoporous anodic alumina we are able to change the effective medium at will and tune the photoluminescence of NAA. The oscillations in the PL spectrum are converted into exclusive barcodes, which are useful for developing optical biomedical sensors in the UV-Visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, Spain
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Palacios R, Formentin P, Martinez-Ferrero E, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. β-Phase Morphology in Ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Nanopillars by Template Wetting Method. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:35. [PMID: 27502658 PMCID: PMC3211439 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method based in template wetting is applied for fabrication of ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) nanopillars with β-phase morphology. In this process, nanoporous alumina obtained by anodization process is used as template. PFO nanostructures are prepared under ambient conditions via infiltration of the polymeric solution into the pores of the alumina with an average pore diameter of 225 nm and a pore depth of 500 nm. The geometric features of the resulting structures are characterized with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), luminescence fluorimeter (PL) and micro μ-X-ray diffractometer (μ-XRD). The characterization demonstrates the β-phase of the PFO in the nanopillars fabricated. Furthermore, the PFO nanopillars are characterized by Raman spectroscopy to study the polymer conformation. These ordered nanostructures can be used in optoelectronic applications such as polymer light-emitting diodes, sensors and organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palacios
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - P Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - E Martinez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Santos A, Montero-Moreno JM, Bachmann J, Nielsch K, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Understanding pore rearrangement during mild to hard transition in bilayered porous anodic alumina membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2011; 3:1925-1932. [PMID: 21539376 DOI: 10.1021/am200139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study about the influence of the main anodization parameters (i.e., anodization voltage ramp and hard anodization voltage) on the pore rearrangement in nanoporous anodic alumina during mild to hard anodization regime transition. To cover the ranges between mild and hard regimes, the anodization parameters were each set to three levels (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 V s(-1) for the anodization voltage ramp and 80, 110, and 140 V for the hard anodization voltage). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first rigorous study about this phenomenon, which is quantified indirectly by means of a nickel electrodeposition. It is found that pore rearrangement takes place in a relatively random manner. Large areas of pores remain blocked when the anodization regime changes from mild to hard and, under certain anodization conditions, a pore branching takes place based on the self-ordering mechanism at work during anodization. Furthermore, it is statistically demonstrated by means of a design of experiments strategy that the effect of the anodization voltage ramp on the pore rearrangement is practically negligible in contrast to the hard anodization voltage effect. It is expected that this study gives a better understanding of structural changes in nanoporous anodic alumina when anodization is switched from mild to hard regime. Furthermore, the resulting nanostructures could be used to develop a wide range of nanodevices (e.g., waveguides, 1D photonic crystals, Fabry-Pérot interferometers, hybrid mosaic arrays of nanowires).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Formentín P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Structural engineering of nanoporous anodic alumina funnels with high aspect ratio. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rahman MM, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Photonic stop bands of two-dimensional quasi-random structures based on macroporous silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cos J, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tunable waveguides based on liquid crystal-infiltrated silicon photonic crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ferré-Borrull J, Garcia-Caurel E, Olaizola S, Kral Z, Pallarès J, Marsal L. Characterization of photonic structures using visible and infrared polarimetry. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100502002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Méndez M, Carvajal J, Cesteros Y, Marsal L, Martínez-Ferrero E, Giguere A, Drouin D, Salagre P, Formentín P, Pallarès J, Aguiló M, Díaza F. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of Eu: La2O3 nanoparticles synthesized by several methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xifré Pérez E, Trifonov T, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. One‐dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals for visible and NIR applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200461222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Xifré Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - T. Trifonov
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - J. Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - L. F. Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Trifonov T, Marsal LF, Rodríguez A, Pallarès J, Alcubilla R. Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals by electrochemical etching of silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200460743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Pallarès J, Scarselli V. [Measurement of resistance of the gastric muco-protective barrier: a modification of the Shay technic]. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1971; 192:37-47. [PMID: 5093190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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