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Oh YJ, Kim SA, Yang SH, Kim DH, Cheng YY, Kang JI, Lee SY, Han NS. Integrated genome-based assessment of safety and probiotic characteristics of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PMO 08 isolated from kimchi. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273986. [PMID: 36190947 PMCID: PMC9529155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PMO 08 has been used as a probiotic starter culture for plant-based fermented beverages, with various health-promoting effects such as cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to analyze the genome sequence of Lp. plantarum PMO 08 and identify its safety and probiotic characteristics at the genomic level. For this, complete genome sequencing was conducted to investigate the genes associated with risk and probiotic characteristics by using Pacbio combined with Illumina HiSeq. This bacterial strain has one circular chromosome of 3,247,789 bp with 44.5% G + C content and two plasmids of 50,296 bp with 39.0% G + C content and 19,592 bp with 40.5% G + C content. Orthologous average nucleotide identity analysis showed that PMO 08 belongs to the Lp. plantarum group with 99.14% similarity to Lp. plantarum WCFS1. No deleterious genes were determined in the virulence factor analysis, and no hemolysin activity or secondary bile salt synthesis were detected in vitro test. In the case of antibiotic resistance analysis, PMO 08 was resistant to ampicillin in vitro test, but these genes were not transferable. In addition, the strain showed same carbohydrate utilization with Lp. plantarum WCFS1, except for mannopyranoside, which only our strain can metabolize. The strain also harbors a gene for inositol monophosphatase family protein related with phytate hydrolysis and have several genes for metabolizing various carbohydrate which were rich in plant environment. Furthermore, in probiotic characteristics several genes involved in phenotypes such as acid/bile tolerance, adhesion ability, and oxidative stress response were detected in genome analysis. This study demonstrates that Lp. plantarum PMO 08 harbors several probiotic-related genes (with no deleterious genes) and is a suitable probiotic starter for plant-based fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seul-Ah Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hwi Yang
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Oh YJ, Nam K, Kim Y, Lee SY, Kim HS, Kang JI, Lee SY, Hwang KT. Effect of a Nutritionally Balanced Diet Comprising Whole Grains and Vegetables Alone or in Combination with Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:121-131. [PMID: 34316477 PMCID: PMC8276713 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis is a microbial imbalance, which often causes diseases and can be triggered by diet. Here, we deter-mined the effect of a nutritionally balanced diet rich in vegetables and whole grains alone and/or in combination with probiotics on the gut microbiota of healthy adults. We conducted a parallel-group randomized trial enrolling 63 healthy participants who were administered either a balanced diet (B-diet group), a probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus plantarum PMO 08 (probiotics group), or a balanced diet plus probiotic capsule (synbiotics group) once daily for 2 weeks. The gut microbiota of each participant was analyzed via 16S ribosomal RNA MiSeq-based sequencing. Gastrointestinal symptoms and defecation habits were evaluated using questionnaires. The B-diet group showed significantly reduced Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (P<0.05) and abundances of the genera Blautia (P<0.01), Dorea (P<0.05), and Lachnoclostridium (P<0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Bacteroides increased (P<0.05) compared to baseline levels. In the synbiotics group, Lactobacillus abundance increased significantly (P<0.05) and defecation difficulty decreased (P<0.05), confirming a synergistic effect of combined intake. All groups showed a significant reduction in the abundance of Clostridiaceae (P<0.001) and alleviation of bloating symptoms (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium significantly increased in the probiotics group (P<0.05). Therefore, the individual or combined intake of a nutritionally balanced diet and L. plantarum PMO 08 beneficially modifies the gut microbiota with the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms and improve defecation habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Oh
- Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 06367, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kisun Nam
- Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 06367, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyung Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Suwon, Gyeonggi 18323, Korea
| | | | | | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Shin J, Kim JE, Pak KJ, Kang JI, Kim TS, Lee SY, Yeo IH, Park JHY, Kim JH, Kang NJ, Lee KW. A Combination of Soybean and Haematococcus Extract Alleviates Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E682. [PMID: 28327532 PMCID: PMC5372692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean-derived isoflavones have been investigated for their preventative effects against UV-induced symptoms of skin damage including wrinkle formation and inflammation. Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater species of Chlorophyta that contains high concentrations of the natural carotenoid pigment astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is known to be involved in retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling and previously been associated with the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1 dependent transcription. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that a combination of soy extract (SE) and Haematococcus extract (HE) may prevent UVB-induced photoaging through specific signaling pathways, as measured by UVB-induced wrinkling on hairless mice skin and expression changes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The 1:2 ratio of SE and HE mixture (SHM) showed the optimal benefit in vivo. SHM was found to inhibit wrinkle formation via the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 mRNA and protein expression. SHM also inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the transactivation of AP-1 which plays an important role in regulating MMP expression. These results highlight the potential for SHM to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB-induced skin wrinkling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University (Seoul),Goyang 10326, Korea.
| | - Kum-Ju Pak
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jung Il Kang
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Tae-Seok Kim
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ik-Hyun Yeo
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Kim TY, Kim SJ, Chung HG, Choi JH, Kim SH, Kang JI. Epigenetic alterations of the BDNF gene in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135:170-179. [PMID: 27886370 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in modulating resilience and vulnerability to stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether epigenetic regulation of the BDNF gene is a biomarker of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development among veterans exposed to combat in the Vietnam War. METHODS Using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, combat veterans were grouped into those with (n = 126) and without (n = 122) PTSD. DNA methylation levels at four CpG sites within the BDNF promoter I region were quantified in the peripheral blood using pyrosequencing. The effects of BDNF DNA methylation levels and clinical variables on the diagnosis of PTSD were tested using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Subjects with PTSD showed a higher DNA methylation of four CpG sites at the BDNF promoter compared with those without PTSD. High methylation levels at the BDNF promoter CpG site, high combat exposure, and alcohol problems were significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an association between higher DNA methylation of the BDNF promoter and PTSD diagnosis in combat-exposed individuals. Our findings suggest that altered BDNF methylation may be a valuable biomarker of PTSD after trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H G Chung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - J I Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim EJ, Kang JI, Tung NH, Kim YH, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Chang WY, Yoo ES, Kang HK. The Effect of (1S,2S,3E,7E,11E)-3,7,11,15-Cembratetraen-17,2-Olide (LS-1) from Lobophyyum sp. on the Apoptosis Induction of SNU-C5 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:623-629. [PMID: 27469141 PMCID: PMC5098542 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1S,2S,3E,7E,11E)-3,7,11,15-cembratetraen-17,2-olide (LS-1), a marine cembrenolide diterpene, has anticancer activity against colon cancer cells such as HT-29, SNU-C5/5-FU (fluorouracil-resistant SNU-C5) and SNU-C5. However, the action mechanism of LS-1 on SNU-C5 human colon cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether the anticancer effect of LS-1 could result from apoptosis via the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and the TGF-β pathways. When treated with the LS-1, we could observe the apoptotic characteristics such as apoptotic bodies and the increase of sub-G1 hypodiploid cell population, increase of Bax level, decrease of Bcl-2 expression, cleavage of procaspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in SNU-C5 cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis induction of SNU-C5 cells upon LS-1 treatment was also accompanied by the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via the decrease of GSK-3β phosphorylation followed by the decrease of β-catenin level. In addition, the LS-1 induced the activation of TGF-β signaling pathway with the decrease of carcinoembryonic antigen which leads to decrease of c-Myc, an oncoprotein. These data suggest that the LS-1 could induce the apoptosis via the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the activation of TGF-β pathway in SNU-C5 human colon cancer cells. The results support that the LS-1 might have potential for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Il Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen-Huu Tung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Young Chang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Yoo
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Thao NP, Luyen BTT, Kim EJ, Kang JI, Kang HK, Cuong NX, Nam NH, Kiem PV, Minh CV, Kim YH. Steroidal constituents from the edible sea urchin Diadema savignyi Michelin induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:45-53. [PMID: 25211186 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation and purification were used to isolate 12 steroids (1-12) from a CH(2)Cl(2) extract of the edible Vietnamese sea urchin Diadema savignyi Michelin. The cytotoxic activity of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract and 12 steroids was evaluated in three human cancer cell lines (HL-60, PC-3, and SNU-C5). Relative to the effects of the positive control, mitoxantrone, the CH(2)Cl(2) extract (with an inhibitory concentration of 50% [IC(50)] values ranging from 1.37±0.15 to 3.11±0.15 μg/mL) and compounds 2 (with IC(50) values ranging from 5.29±0.11 to 6.80±0.67 μM) and 11 (with IC(50) values ranging from 4.95±0.07 to 6.99±0.28 μM) exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against all three tested human cancer cell lines. In addition, the CH(2)Cl(2) extract and compounds 2 and 11 were found to induce apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis was accompanied by alterations of the apoptosis-related protein expression, inactivation of ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and decreased c-Myc expression. These data suggest that compounds 2 and 11 from the edible sea urchin D. savignyi may have potential for the treatment of colon cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer as complementary cancer remedies.
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Park KJ, Kang JI, Kim TS, Yeo IH. The antithrombotic and fibrinolytic effect of natto in hypercholesterolemia rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 17:78-82. [PMID: 24471066 PMCID: PMC3866764 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.1.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity of natto was evaluated on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Natto showed inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Orally administered natto also showed fibrinolytic activity in hypercholesterolemia rats. Normal levels of natto, when administered for four weeks, shortened euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PATT) significantly compared to non-treated group. In addition, the natto treatment decreased total cholesterol in serum. These results showed that intake of normal levels of natto can elicit antithrombotic and fibrinolytic effects, suggesting its consumption may improve blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Ju Park
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Holdings, Seoul 120-600, Korea
| | - Jung Il Kang
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Holdings, Seoul 120-600, Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Kim
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Holdings, Seoul 120-600, Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Yeo
- The Food and Culture Institute, Pulmuone Holdings, Seoul 120-600, Korea
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Sun YN, Cui L, Li W, Yan XT, Yang SY, Kang JI, Kang HK, Kim YH. Promotion effect of constituents from the root of Polygonum multiflorum on hair growth. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4801-5. [PMID: 23896496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, gallic acid ester of torachrysone-8-O-β-D-glucoside (1) and (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-xyloside (4), along with eight known compounds (2, 3, 5-10) were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum roots. The structures were determined by (1)H and (13)C NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectrometry. Extracts of P. multiflorum have been reported to promote hair growth in vivo. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of isolated compounds from P. multiflorum on promoting hair growth using dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which play an important role in hair growth. When DPCs were treated with compounds (1-10) from P. multiflorum, compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10 increased the proliferation of DPCs compared with the control. Specifically, compound 2 (10 and 20 μM) induced a greater increase in the proliferation of DPCs than minoxidil (10 μM). Additionally, treatment of vibrissa follicles with compound 2 for 21 days increased hair-fiber length significantly. On the basis of this result, further investigation and optimization of these derivatives might help in the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Nan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Park HJ, Shim HS, Ahn YH, Kim KS, Park KJ, Choi WK, Ha HC, Kang JI, Kim TS, Yeo IH, Kim JS, Shim I. Tremella fuciformis enhances the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and restores trimethyltin-induced impairment of memory in rats via activation of CREB transcription and cholinergic systems. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Choi EH, Kang JI, Cho JY, Lee SH, Kim TS, Yeo IH, Chun HS. Supplementation of standardized lipid-soluble extract from maca (Lepidium meyenii) increases swimming endurance capacity in rats. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Kang JI, Lee YS, Ahn K, Song JW, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Lee PW, Ahn BY. A dominant antigenic region of the hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein is located within a amino-terminal short stretch of hydrophilic residues. Virus Genes 2002; 23:183-6. [PMID: 11724272 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011896223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a major viral antigen that induces a strong antibody response during the acute phase of infection. By immunoblot analyses of the recombinant N proteins using human sera of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), we have confirmed previous finding by other investigators of the presence of a highly antigenic region near the amino terminus of the HTNV N protein. We have further located the antigenic region within a short stretch of hydrophilic sequences between the 26 and the 46th amino acid residues. The recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing this region was expressed as a soluble form in a large quantity in Escherichia coli, and purified by a single-step affinity chromatography. The recombinant antigen also showed a similar, but a weaker reactivity with human antisera to Seoul virus (SEOV), the virus most closely related to HTNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Kang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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Bellinger DL, Brouxhon SM, Lubahn C, Tran L, Kang JI, Felten DL, Lorton D. Strain differences in the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in nerves that supply the spleen and thymus. Neuroimmunomodulation 2001; 9:78-87. [PMID: 11549889 DOI: 10.1159/000049010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of nerve fibers containing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) immunoreactivity in primary and secondary lymphoid organs from three strains of young adult male rats was examined. Spleens and thymuses from Fischer 344 (F344), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Lewis (LEW) rats were prepared for immunocytochemistry using antisera directed against CRH. In F344 and SD rats, we were unable to demonstrate CRH-immunoreactive nerves in either the thymus or the spleen. Despite the lack of CRH-containing nerves, CRH immunoreactivity was present in pleotropic cells in the septum, cortex and medulla of the thymus, and in the red and white pulp of spleens from F344 and SD rats. In contrast, CRH+ nerves were found in thymuses and spleens from LEW rats. CRH+ nerves coursed in the interlobular septa, capsule, cortex and medulla of the LEW rat thymus. Large CRH-immunoreactive nerve bundles were present in the hilar region of the LEW rat spleen, and individual CRH+ fibers coursed in the capsule, trabeculae, red pulp, venous sinuses and marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen. These findings indicate strain differences in neurotransmitter-specific nerves that innervate the rat spleen and thymus under basal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Bellinger
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif., USA.
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Abstract
Hantaviruses replicate in primary and cultured animal cells with little or no cytopathic effect. We report here that the cultured Vero E6 cells infected by the Hantaan or by the Prospect Hill viruses exhibited characteristic features of apoptosis, including condensation and segmentation of nuclei and internucleosomal cleavage of nuclear DNA. Apoptosis was not seen in the cells adsorbed by UV-inactivated virus, indicating that the viral replication is required for the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, level of the proto-oncogenic Bcl-2 protein was significantly reduced, whereas its mRNA level remained unchanged in Hantaan virus-infected cells, suggesting possible involvement and posttranscriptional regulation of this antiapoptotic protein in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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