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Luque R, Osborn HP, Leleu A, Pallé E, Bonfanti A, Barragán O, Wilson TG, Broeg C, Cameron AC, Lendl M, Maxted PFL, Alibert Y, Gandolfi D, Delisle JB, Hooton MJ, Egger JA, Nowak G, Lafarga M, Rapetti D, Twicken JD, Morales JC, Carleo I, Orell-Miquel J, Adibekyan V, Alonso R, Alqasim A, Amado PJ, Anderson DR, Anglada-Escudé G, Bandy T, Bárczy T, Barrado Navascues D, Barros SCC, Baumjohann W, Bayliss D, Bean JL, Beck M, Beck T, Benz W, Billot N, Bonfils X, Borsato L, Boyle AW, Brandeker A, Bryant EM, Cabrera J, Carrazco-Gaxiola S, Charbonneau D, Charnoz S, Ciardi DR, Cochran WD, Collins KA, Crossfield IJM, Csizmadia S, Cubillos PE, Dai F, Davies MB, Deeg HJ, Deleuil M, Deline A, Delrez L, Demangeon ODS, Demory BO, Ehrenreich D, Erikson A, Esparza-Borges E, Falk B, Fortier A, Fossati L, Fridlund M, Fukui A, Garcia-Mejia J, Gill S, Gillon M, Goffo E, Gómez Maqueo Chew Y, Güdel M, Guenther EW, Günther MN, Hatzes AP, Helling C, Hesse KM, Howell SB, Hoyer S, Ikuta K, Isaak KG, Jenkins JM, Kagetani T, Kiss LL, Kodama T, Korth J, Lam KWF, Laskar J, Latham DW, Lecavelier des Etangs A, Leon JPD, Livingston JH, Magrin D, Matson RA, Matthews EC, Mordasini C, Mori M, Moyano M, Munari M, Murgas F, Narita N, Nascimbeni V, Olofsson G, Osborne HLM, Ottensamer R, Pagano I, Parviainen H, Peter G, Piotto G, Pollacco D, Queloz D, Quinn SN, Quirrenbach A, Ragazzoni R, Rando N, Ratti F, Rauer H, Redfield S, Ribas I, Ricker GR, Rudat A, Sabin L, Salmon S, Santos NC, Scandariato G, Schanche N, Schlieder JE, Seager S, Ségransan D, Shporer A, Simon AE, Smith AMS, Sousa SG, Stalport M, Szabó GM, Thomas N, Tuson A, Udry S, Vanderburg AM, Van Eylen V, Van Grootel V, Venturini J, Walter I, Walton NA, Watanabe N, Winn JN, Zingales T. A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067. Nature 2023; 623:932-937. [PMID: 38030780 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Planets with radii between that of the Earth and Neptune (hereafter referred to as 'sub-Neptunes') are found in close-in orbits around more than half of all Sun-like stars1,2. However, their composition, formation and evolution remain poorly understood3. The study of multiplanetary systems offers an opportunity to investigate the outcomes of planet formation and evolution while controlling for initial conditions and environment. Those in resonance (with their orbital periods related by a ratio of small integers) are particularly valuable because they imply a system architecture practically unchanged since its birth. Here we present the observations of six transiting planets around the bright nearby star HD 110067. We find that the planets follow a chain of resonant orbits. A dynamical study of the innermost planet triplet allowed the prediction and later confirmation of the orbits of the rest of the planets in the system. The six planets are found to be sub-Neptunes with radii ranging from 1.94R⊕ to 2.85R⊕. Three of the planets have measured masses, yielding low bulk densities that suggest the presence of large hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Luque
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - H P Osborn
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Leleu
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - E Pallé
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Bonfanti
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - O Barragán
- Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T G Wilson
- Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Broeg
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Collier Cameron
- Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - M Lendl
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - P F L Maxted
- Astrophysics Group, Lennard Jones Building, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Y Alibert
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Gandolfi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J-B Delisle
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - M J Hooton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Egger
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Nowak
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Lafarga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - D Rapetti
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Universities Space Research Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J D Twicken
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Morales
- Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (ICE-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Carleo
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - J Orell-Miquel
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - V Adibekyan
- Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Alonso
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Alqasim
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - P J Amado
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - D R Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G Anglada-Escudé
- Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (ICE-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Bandy
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - S C C Barros
- Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - W Baumjohann
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - D Bayliss
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J L Bean
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Beck
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - T Beck
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - W Benz
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Billot
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - X Bonfils
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
| | - L Borsato
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A W Boyle
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A Brandeker
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E M Bryant
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - J Cabrera
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Carrazco-Gaxiola
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- RECONS Institute, Chambersburg, PA, USA
| | - D Charbonneau
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Charnoz
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - D R Ciardi
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - W D Cochran
- McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - K A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - I J M Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sz Csizmadia
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - P E Cubillos
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - F Dai
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M B Davies
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - H J Deeg
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Deleuil
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
| | - A Deline
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - L Delrez
- Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - O D S Demangeon
- Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - B-O Demory
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Ehrenreich
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
- Centre Vie dans l'Univers, Faculté des sciences, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Erikson
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - E Esparza-Borges
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - B Falk
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Fortier
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Fossati
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - M Fridlund
- Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala, Sweden
| | - A Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Garcia-Mejia
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Gill
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M Gillon
- Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - E Goffo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - Y Gómez Maqueo Chew
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Güdel
- Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E W Guenther
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - M N Günther
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - A P Hatzes
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - Ch Helling
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - K M Hesse
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S B Howell
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - S Hoyer
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
| | - K Ikuta
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K G Isaak
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J M Jenkins
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - T Kagetani
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L L Kiss
- Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Kodama
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Korth
- Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K W F Lam
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - J Laskar
- IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ., Sorbonne Univ., Paris, France
| | - D W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Lecavelier des Etangs
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - J P D Leon
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J H Livingston
- Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Magrin
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R A Matson
- United States Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E C Matthews
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Mordasini
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Mori
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Moyano
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Munari
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Narita
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - V Nascimbeni
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Olofsson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H L M Osborne
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - R Ottensamer
- Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Pagano
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - H Parviainen
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Peter
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - G Piotto
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Pollacco
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - D Queloz
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S N Quinn
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Ragazzoni
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N Rando
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - F Ratti
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H Rauer
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
- Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Redfield
- Astronomy Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
- Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - I Ribas
- Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (ICE-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G R Ricker
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Rudat
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Sabin
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - S Salmon
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - N C Santos
- Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G Scandariato
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N Schanche
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J E Schlieder
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Seager
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Ségransan
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - A Shporer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A E Simon
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A M S Smith
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - S G Sousa
- Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Stalport
- Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gy M Szabó
- Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - N Thomas
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Tuson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Udry
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - A M Vanderburg
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Van Eylen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
| | - V Van Grootel
- Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Venturini
- Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - I Walter
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - N A Walton
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Watanabe
- Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - T Zingales
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Naponiello L, Mancini L, Sozzetti A, Bonomo AS, Morbidelli A, Dou J, Zeng L, Leinhardt ZM, Biazzo K, Cubillos PE, Pinamonti M, Locci D, Maggio A, Damasso M, Lanza AF, Lissauer JJ, Collins KA, Carter PJ, Jensen ELN, Bignamini A, Boschin W, Bouma LG, Ciardi DR, Cosentino R, Crossfield I, Desidera S, Dumusque X, Fiorenzano AFM, Fukui A, Giacobbe P, Gnilka CL, Ghedina A, Guilluy G, Harutyunyan A, Howell SB, Jenkins JM, Lund MB, Kielkopf JF, Lester KV, Malavolta L, Mann AW, Matson RA, Matthews EC, Nardiello D, Narita N, Pace E, Pagano I, Palle E, Pedani M, Seager S, Schlieder JE, Schwarz RP, Shporer A, Twicken JD, Winn JN, Ziegler C, Zingales T. Author Correction: A super-massive Neptune-sized planet. Nature 2023; 623:E6. [PMID: 37863962 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Naponiello
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Aldo S Bonomo
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morbidelli
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jingyao Dou
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Li Zeng
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe M Leinhardt
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katia Biazzo
- INAF - Rome Astronomical Observatory, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Patricio E Cubillos
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniele Locci
- INAF - Palermo Astronomical Observatory, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mario Damasso
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | - Jack J Lissauer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philip J Carter
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eric L N Jensen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | | | - Walter Boschin
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luke G Bouma
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R Ciardi
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Xavier Dumusque
- Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | | | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paolo Giacobbe
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Crystal L Gnilka
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Gloria Guilluy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Lund
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John F Kielkopf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Luca Malavolta
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrew W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Emanuele Pace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marco Pedani
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Avi Shporer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Twicken
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Carl Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Engineering & Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Tiziano Zingales
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Naponiello L, Mancini L, Sozzetti A, Bonomo AS, Morbidelli A, Dou J, Zeng L, Leinhardt ZM, Biazzo K, Cubillos PE, Pinamonti M, Locci D, Maggio A, Damasso M, Lanza AF, Lissauer JJ, Collins KA, Carter PJ, Jensen ELN, Bignamini A, Boschin W, Bouma LG, Ciardi DR, Cosentino R, Crossfield I, Desidera S, Dumusque X, Fiorenzano AFM, Fukui A, Giacobbe P, Gnilka CL, Ghedina A, Guilluy G, Harutyunyan A, Howell SB, Jenkins JM, Lund MB, Kielkopf JF, Lester KV, Malavolta L, Mann AW, Matson RA, Matthews EC, Nardiello D, Narita N, Pace E, Pagano I, Palle E, Pedani M, Seager S, Schlieder JE, Schwarz RP, Shporer A, Twicken JD, Winn JN, Ziegler C, Zingales T. A super-massive Neptune-sized planet. Nature 2023; 622:255-260. [PMID: 37648866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Neptune-sized planets exhibit a wide range of compositions and densities, depending on factors related to their formation and evolution history, such as the distance from their host stars and atmospheric escape processes. They can vary from relatively low-density planets with thick hydrogen-helium atmospheres1,2 to higher-density planets with a substantial amount of water or a rocky interior with a thinner atmosphere, such as HD 95338 b (ref. 3), TOI-849 b (ref. 4) and TOI-2196 b (ref. 5). The discovery of exoplanets in the hot-Neptune desert6, a region close to the host stars with a deficit of Neptune-sized planets, provides insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems, including the existence of this region itself. Here we show observations of the transiting planet TOI-1853 b, which has a radius of 3.46 ± 0.08 Earth radii and orbits a dwarf star every 1.24 days. This planet has a mass of 73.2 ± 2.7 Earth masses, almost twice that of any other Neptune-sized planet known so far, and a density of 9.7 ± 0.8 grams per cubic centimetre. These values place TOI-1853 b in the middle of the Neptunian desert and imply that heavy elements dominate its mass. The properties of TOI-1853 b present a puzzle for conventional theories of planetary formation and evolution, and could be the result of several proto-planet collisions or the final state of an initially high-eccentricity planet that migrated closer to its parent star.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Naponiello
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Aldo S Bonomo
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morbidelli
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jingyao Dou
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Li Zeng
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe M Leinhardt
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katia Biazzo
- INAF - Rome Astronomical Observatory, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Patricio E Cubillos
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniele Locci
- INAF - Palermo Astronomical Observatory, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mario Damasso
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | - Jack J Lissauer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philip J Carter
- School of Physics, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eric L N Jensen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | | | - Walter Boschin
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luke G Bouma
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R Ciardi
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Xavier Dumusque
- Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
| | | | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paolo Giacobbe
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Crystal L Gnilka
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Gloria Guilluy
- INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Lund
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John F Kielkopf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Luca Malavolta
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrew W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Emanuele Pace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marco Pedani
- Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Avi Shporer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Twicken
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Carl Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Engineering & Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Tiziano Zingales
- INAF - Padova Astronomical Observatory, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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4
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Lam KWF, Csizmadia S, Astudillo-Defru N, Bonfils X, Gandolfi D, Padovan S, Esposito M, Hellier C, Hirano T, Livingston J, Murgas F, Smith AMS, Collins KA, Mathur S, Garcia RA, Howell SB, Santos NC, Dai F, Ricker GR, Vanderspek R, Latham DW, Seager S, Winn JN, Jenkins JM, Albrecht S, Almenara JM, Artigau E, Barragán O, Bouchy F, Cabrera J, Charbonneau D, Chaturvedi P, Chaushev A, Christiansen JL, Cochran WD, De Meideiros JR, Delfosse X, Díaz RF, Doyon R, Eigmüller P, Figueira P, Forveille T, Fridlund M, Gaisné G, Goffo E, Georgieva I, Grziwa S, Guenther E, Hatzes AP, Johnson MC, Kabáth P, Knudstrup E, Korth J, Lewin P, Lissauer JJ, Lovis C, Luque R, Melo C, Morgan EH, Morris R, Mayor M, Narita N, Osborne HLM, Palle E, Pepe F, Persson CM, Quinn SN, Rauer H, Redfield S, Schlieder JE, Ségransan D, Serrano LM, Smith JC, Šubjak J, Twicken JD, Udry S, Van Eylen V, Vezie M. GJ 367b: A dense, ultrashort-period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star. Science 2021; 374:1271-1275. [PMID: 34855492 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine W F Lam
- Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, 10585 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Szilárd Csizmadia
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Astudillo-Defru
- Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Xavier Bonfils
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Davide Gandolfi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Padovan
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,WorkGroup Solutions GmbH at European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Coel Hellier
- Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Teruyuki Hirano
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Felipe Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexis M S Smith
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Savita Mathur
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafael A Garcia
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Universe, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Astrophysique, Instrumentation et modélisation, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Centre National de la recherche scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciênciasdo Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fei Dai
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - George R Ricker
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland Vanderspek
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Simon Albrecht
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jose M Almenara
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Etienne Artigau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Oscar Barragán
- Subdepartment of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - François Bouchy
- Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Juan Cabrera
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Charbonneau
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Chaushev
- Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, 10585 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - William D Cochran
- Center for Planetary Systems Habitability and McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - José R De Meideiros
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Xavier Delfosse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rodrigo F Díaz
- International Center for Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología - Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - René Doyon
- Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplantes, Dpartement de Physique, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Philipp Eigmüller
- Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro Figueira
- Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciênciasdo Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal.,European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thierry Forveille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Malcolm Fridlund
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden.,Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Gaisné
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Elisa Goffo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy.,Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany
| | - Iskra Georgieva
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Grziwa
- Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Eike Guenther
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany
| | - Artie P Hatzes
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany
| | | | - Petr Kabáth
- Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Knudstrup
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Judith Korth
- Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, D-50931 Köln, Germany.,Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasma Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pablo Lewin
- The Maury Lewin Astronomical Observatory, Glendora, CA, USA
| | - Jack J Lissauer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Geological Sciences Department, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Lovis
- Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Luque
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Claudio Melo
- European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edward H Morgan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Michel Mayor
- Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hannah L M Osborne
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Carina M Persson
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel N Quinn
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heike Rauer
- Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, 10585 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seth Redfield
- Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | | | - Damien Ségransan
- Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Luisa M Serrano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Ján Šubjak
- Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic.,Astronomical Institute of Charles University, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph D Twicken
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Stéphane Udry
- Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Van Eylen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Michael Vezie
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Battisti NML, Hatton MQ, Reed MWR, Herbert E, Morgan JL, Bradburn M, Simcock R, Walters SJ, Collins KA, Ward SE, Holmes GR, Burton M, Lifford KJ, Edwards A, Robinson TG, Martin C, Chater T, Pemberton KJ, Brennan A, Leung Cheung K, Todd A, Audisio RA, Wright J, Green T, Revell D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter MC, Naik J, Parmeshwar R, Gosney MA, Thompson AM, Wyld L, Ring A. Observational cohort study in older women with early breast cancer: Use of radiation therapy and impact on health-related quality of life and mortality. Radiother Oncol 2021; 161:166-176. [PMID: 34146616 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy reduces in-breast recurrence risk in early breast cancer (EBC) in older women. This benefit may be small and should be balanced against treatment effect and holistic patient assessment. This study described treatment patterns according to fitness and impact on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). METHODS A multicentre, observational study of EBC patients aged ≥ 70 years, undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy, was undertaken. Associations between radiotherapy use, surgery, clinico-pathological parameters, fitness based on geriatric parameters and treatment centre were determined. HRQoL was measured using the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires. RESULTS In 2013-2018 2811 women in 56 UK study centres underwent surgery with a median follow-up of 52 months. On multivariable analysis, age and tumour risk predicted radiotherapy use. Among healthier patients (based on geriatric assessments) with high-risk tumours, 534/613 (87.1%) having BCS and 185/341 (54.2%) having mastectomy received radiotherapy. In less fit individuals with low-risk tumours undergoing BCS, 149/207 (72.0%) received radiotherapy. Radiotherapy effects on HRQoL domains, including breast symptoms and fatigue were seen, resolving by 18 months. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy use in EBC patients ≥ 70 years is affected by age and recurrence risk, whereas geriatric parameters have limited impact regardless of type of surgery. There was geographical variation in treatment, with some fit older women with high-risk tumours not receiving radiotherapy, and some older, low-risk, EBC patients receiving radiotherapy after BCS despite evidence of limited benefit. The impact on HRQoL is transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Matteo Luca Battisti
- Department of Medicine, Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK & Breast Cancer Research Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Matthew Q Hatton
- Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Esther Herbert
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Jenna L Morgan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Bradburn
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Simcock
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Stephen J Walters
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Karen A Collins
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue E Ward
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Geoffrey R Holmes
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Burton
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate J Lifford
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adrian Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlene Martin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tim Chater
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty J Pemberton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Kwok Leung Cheung
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Annaliza Todd
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Riccardo A Audisio
- University of Gothenberg, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Tracy Green
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Sheffield, UK
| | - Deirdre Revell
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jacqui Gath
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kieran Horgan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Bexley Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris Holcombe
- Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew C Winter
- Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jay Naik
- Pinderfields Hospital, Mid Yorkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Rishi Parmeshwar
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay, Royal Lancashire Infirmary, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Lynda Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Alistair Ring
- Department of Medicine, Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK & Breast Cancer Research Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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6
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Ring A, Battisti NML, Reed MWR, Herbert E, Morgan JL, Bradburn M, Walters SJ, Collins KA, Ward SE, Holmes GR, Burton M, Lifford K, Edwards A, Robinson TG, Martin C, Chater T, Pemberton KJ, Brennan A, Cheung KL, Todd A, Audisio RA, Wright J, Simcock R, Green T, Revell D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter MC, Naik J, Parmeshwar R, Gosney MA, Hatton MQ, Thompson AM, Wyld L. Bridging The Age Gap: observational cohort study of effects of chemotherapy and trastuzumab on recurrence, survival and quality of life in older women with early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:209-219. [PMID: 33972747 PMCID: PMC8292504 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy improves outcomes for high risk early breast cancer (EBC) patients but is infrequently offered to older individuals. This study determined if there are fit older patients with high-risk disease who may benefit from chemotherapy. METHODS A multicentre, prospective, observational study was performed to determine chemotherapy (±trastuzumab) usage and survival and quality-of-life outcomes in EBC patients aged ≥70 years. Propensity score-matching adjusted for variation in baseline age, fitness and tumour stage. RESULTS Three thousands four hundred sixteen women were recruited from 56 UK centres between 2013 and 2018. Two thousands eight hundred eleven (82%) had surgery. 1520/2811 (54%) had high-risk EBC and 2059/2811 (73%) were fit. Chemotherapy was given to 306/1100 (27.8%) fit patients with high-risk EBC. Unmatched comparison of chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy demonstrated reduced metastatic recurrence risk in high-risk patients(hazard ratio [HR] 0.36 [95% CI 0.19-0.68]) and in 541 age, stage and fitness-matched patients(adjusted HR 0.43 [95% CI 0.20-0.92]) but no benefit to overall survival (OS) or breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in either group. Chemotherapy improved survival in women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative cancer (OS: HR 0.20 [95% CI 0.08-0.49];BCSS: HR 0.12 [95% CI 0.03-0.44]).Transient negative quality-of-life impacts were observed. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy was associated with reduced risk of metastatic recurrence, but survival benefits were only seen in patients with ER-negative cancer. Quality-of-life impacts were significant but transient. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 46099296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Ring
- Department of Medicine, Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK & Breast Cancer Research Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicolò Matteo Luca Battisti
- Department of Medicine, Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK & Breast Cancer Research Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Esther Herbert
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jenna L Morgan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Bradburn
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen J Walters
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karen A Collins
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue E Ward
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Geoffrey R Holmes
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Burton
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate Lifford
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adrian Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlene Martin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tim Chater
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty J Pemberton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kwok Leung Cheung
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Annaliza Todd
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Riccardo A Audisio
- University of Gothenberg, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Richard Simcock
- Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Tracey Green
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Cottingham, UK
| | - Deirdre Revell
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Cottingham, UK
| | - Jacqui Gath
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Cottingham, UK
| | - Kieran Horgan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Bexley Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris Holcombe
- Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jay Naik
- Pinderfields Hospital, Mid Yorkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Rishi Parmeshwar
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay, Royal Lancashire Infirmary, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lynda Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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7
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Trifonov T, Caballero JA, Morales JC, Seifahrt A, Ribas I, Reiners A, Bean JL, Luque R, Parviainen H, Pallé E, Stock S, Zechmeister M, Amado PJ, Anglada-Escudé G, Azzaro M, Barclay T, Béjar VJS, Bluhm P, Casasayas-Barris N, Cifuentes C, Collins KA, Collins KI, Cortés-Contreras M, de Leon J, Dreizler S, Dressing CD, Esparza-Borges E, Espinoza N, Fausnaugh M, Fukui A, Hatzes AP, Hellier C, Henning T, Henze CE, Herrero E, Jeffers SV, Jenkins JM, Jensen ELN, Kaminski A, Kasper D, Kossakowski D, Kürster M, Lafarga M, Latham DW, Mann AW, Molaverdikhani K, Montes D, Montet BT, Murgas F, Narita N, Oshagh M, Passegger VM, Pollacco D, Quinn SN, Quirrenbach A, Ricker GR, Rodríguez López C, Sanz-Forcada J, Schwarz RP, Schweitzer A, Seager S, Shporer A, Stangret M, Stürmer J, Tan TG, Tenenbaum P, Twicken JD, Vanderspek R, Winn JN. A nearby transiting rocky exoplanet that is suitable for atmospheric investigation. Science 2021; 371:1038-1041. [PMID: 33674491 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets can be used to investigate their atmospheric properties and habitability. Combining radial velocity (RV) and transit data provides additional information on exoplanet physical properties. We detect a transiting rocky planet with an orbital period of 1.467 days around the nearby red dwarf star Gliese 486. The planet Gliese 486 b is 2.81 Earth masses and 1.31 Earth radii, with uncertainties of 5%, as determined from RV data and photometric light curves. The host star is at a distance of ~8.1 parsecs, has a J-band magnitude of ~7.2, and is observable from both hemispheres of Earth. On the basis of these properties and the planet's short orbital period and high equilibrium temperature, we show that this terrestrial planet is suitable for emission and transit spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trifonov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J A Caballero
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Morales
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Seifahrt
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - I Ribas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Reiners
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J L Bean
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Luque
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - H Parviainen
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Pallé
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Stock
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zechmeister
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - P J Amado
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - G Anglada-Escudé
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Azzaro
- Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Observatorio de Calar Alto, E-04550 Gérgal, Almería, Spain
| | - T Barclay
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.,University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - V J S Béjar
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Bluhm
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Casasayas-Barris
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Cifuentes
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - K A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - K I Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - M Cortés-Contreras
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J de Leon
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Dreizler
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C D Dressing
- Astronomy Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - E Esparza-Borges
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Espinoza
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - M Fausnaugh
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Fukui
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A P Hatzes
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
| | - C Hellier
- Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Th Henning
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C E Henze
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E Herrero
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S V Jeffers
- Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J M Jenkins
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E L N Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - A Kaminski
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kasper
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D Kossakowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kürster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Lafarga
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - K Molaverdikhani
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Montes
- Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica and Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B T Montet
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - F Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Narita
- Komaba Institute for Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Astrobiology Center, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Oshagh
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - V M Passegger
- Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany.,Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - D Pollacco
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S N Quinn
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G R Ricker
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Rodríguez López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Forcada
- Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - R P Schwarz
- Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory, Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA
| | - A Schweitzer
- Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Seager
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Shporer
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Stangret
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Stürmer
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T G Tan
- Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth WA 6010, Australia
| | - P Tenenbaum
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J D Twicken
- Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - R Vanderspek
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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8
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Battisti NML, Reed MWR, Herbert E, Morgan JL, Collins KA, Ward SE, Holmes GR, Bradburn M, Walters SJ, Burton M, Lifford K, Edwards A, Robinson TG, Martin C, Chater T, Pemberton KJ, Shrestha A, Brennan A, Cheung KL, Todd A, Audisio RA, Wright J, Simcock R, Green T, Revell D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter MC, Naik J, Parmeshwar R, Gosney MA, Hatton MQ, Thompson AM, Wyld L, Ring A. Bridging the Age Gap in breast cancer: Impact of chemotherapy on quality of life in older women with early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2021; 144:269-280. [PMID: 33373871 PMCID: PMC7896040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older patients with early breast cancer (EBC) derive modest survival benefit from chemotherapy but have increased toxicity risk. Data on the impact of chemotherapy for EBC on quality of life in older patients are limited, but this is a key determinant of treatment acceptance. We aimed to investigate its effect on quality of life in older patients enrolled in the Bridging the Age Gap study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, multicentre, observational study of EBC patients ≥70 years old was conducted in 2013-2018 at 56 UK hospitals. Demographics, patient, tumour characteristics, treatments and adverse events were recorded. Quality of life was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaires (EORTC-QLQ) C30, BR23 and ELD 15 plus the Euroqol-5D (eq-5d) over 24 months and analysed at each time point using baseline adjusted linear regression analysis and propensity score-matching. RESULTS Three thousand and four hundred sixteen patients were enrolled in the study; 1520 patients undergoing surgery and who had high-risk EBC were included in this analysis. 376/1520 (24.7%) received chemotherapy. At 6 months, chemotherapy had a significant negative impact in several EORTC-QLQ-C30 domains, including global health score, physical, role, social functioning, cognition, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, dyspnoea, appetite loss, diarrhoea and constipation. Similar trends were documented on other scales (EORTC-QLQ-BR23, EORTC-QLQ-ELD15 and EQ-5D-5L). Its impact was no longer significant at 18-24 months in unmatched and matched cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The negative impact of chemotherapy on quality-of-life is clinically and statistically significant at 6 months but resolves by 18 months, which is crucial to inform decision-making for older patients contemplating chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN 46099296.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/psychology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/psychology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/psychology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Quality of Life
- Surveys and Questionnaires
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Matteo Luca Battisti
- Department of Medicine, Breast Unit the Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Breast Cancer Research Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Esther Herbert
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jenna L Morgan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karen A Collins
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue E Ward
- Health Economics and Decision Science Section, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Geoffrey R Holmes
- Health Economics and Decision Science Section, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Bradburn
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen J Walters
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Burton
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate Lifford
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adrian Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlene Martin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tim Chater
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty J Pemberton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anne Shrestha
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- Health Economics and Decision Science Section, School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Kwok L Cheung
- University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, UK
| | - Annaliza Todd
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Riccardo A Audisio
- University of Gothenberg, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Juliet Wright
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard Simcock
- Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Tracey Green
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Cottingham, UK
| | - Deirdre Revell
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Cottingham, UK
| | - Jacqui Gath
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel, Cottingham, UK
| | - Kieran Horgan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Bexley Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris Holcombe
- Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jay Naik
- Pinderfields Hospital, Mid Yorkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Rishi Parmeshwar
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay, Royal Lancashire Infirmary, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lynda Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Alistair Ring
- Department of Medicine, Breast Unit the Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Breast Cancer Research Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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9
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Vanderburg A, Rappaport SA, Xu S, Crossfield IJM, Becker JC, Gary B, Murgas F, Blouin S, Kaye TG, Palle E, Melis C, Morris BM, Kreidberg L, Gorjian V, Morley CV, Mann AW, Parviainen H, Pearce LA, Newton ER, Carrillo A, Zuckerman B, Nelson L, Zeimann G, Brown WR, Tronsgaard R, Klein B, Ricker GR, Vanderspek RK, Latham DW, Seager S, Winn JN, Jenkins JM, Adams FC, Benneke B, Berardo D, Buchhave LA, Caldwell DA, Christiansen JL, Collins KA, Colón KD, Daylan T, Doty J, Doyle AE, Dragomir D, Dressing C, Dufour P, Fukui A, Glidden A, Guerrero NM, Guo X, Heng K, Henriksen AI, Huang CX, Kaltenegger L, Kane SR, Lewis JA, Lissauer JJ, Morales F, Narita N, Pepper J, Rose ME, Smith JC, Stassun KG, Yu L. A giant planet candidate transiting a white dwarf. Nature 2020; 585:363-367. [PMID: 32939071 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astronomers have discovered thousands of planets outside the Solar System1, most of which orbit stars that will eventually evolve into red giants and then into white dwarfs. During the red giant phase, any close-orbiting planets will be engulfed by the star2, but more distant planets can survive this phase and remain in orbit around the white dwarf3,4. Some white dwarfs show evidence for rocky material floating in their atmospheres5, in warm debris disks6-9 or orbiting very closely10-12, which has been interpreted as the debris of rocky planets that were scattered inwards and tidally disrupted13. Recently, the discovery of a gaseous debris disk with a composition similar to that of ice giant planets14 demonstrated that massive planets might also find their way into tight orbits around white dwarfs, but it is unclear whether these planets can survive the journey. So far, no intact planets have been detected in close orbits around white dwarfs. Here we report the observation of a giant planet candidate transiting the white dwarf WD 1856+534 (TIC 267574918) every 1.4 days. We observed and modelled the periodic dimming of the white dwarf caused by the planet candidate passing in front of the star in its orbit. The planet candidate is roughly the same size as Jupiter and is no more than 14 times as massive (with 95 per cent confidence). Other cases of white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions are explained as the consequence of common-envelope evolution, wherein the original orbit is enveloped during the red giant phase and shrinks owing to friction. In this case, however, the long orbital period (compared with other white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions) and low mass of the planet candidate make common-envelope evolution less likely. Instead, our findings for the WD 1856+534 system indicate that giant planets can be scattered into tight orbits without being tidally disrupted, motivating the search for smaller transiting planets around white dwarfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vanderburg
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Saul A Rappaport
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Xu
- NSF's NOIRLab/Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Ian J M Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Juliette C Becker
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Gary
- Hereford Arizona Observatory, Hereford, AZ, USA
| | - Felipe Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Simon Blouin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Thomas G Kaye
- Raemor Vista Observatory, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA.,Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carl Melis
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brett M Morris
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Kreidberg
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Varoujan Gorjian
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Caroline V Morley
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannu Parviainen
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Logan A Pearce
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Newton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Andreia Carrillo
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ben Zuckerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorne Nelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg Zeimann
- Hobby-Eberly Telescope, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Warren R Brown
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - René Tronsgaard
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beth Klein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George R Ricker
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland K Vanderspek
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Fred C Adams
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Astronomy Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Björn Benneke
- Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Berardo
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lars A Buchhave
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas A Caldwell
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Knicole D Colón
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory (Code 667), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Tansu Daylan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra E Doyle
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Dragomir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Courtney Dressing
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Dufour
- Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ana Glidden
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalia M Guerrero
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Heng
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreea I Henriksen
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chelsea X Huang
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Kaltenegger
- Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stephen R Kane
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John A Lewis
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Farisa Morales
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Moorpark College, Moorpark, CA, USA
| | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Tokyo, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.,Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joshua Pepper
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Mark E Rose
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Keivan G Stassun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Physics, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,ExxonMobil Upstream Integrated Solutions, Spring, TX, USA
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10
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Murrough JW, Soleimani L, DeWilde KE, Collins KA, Lapidus KA, Iacoviello BM, Lener M, Kautz M, Kim J, Stern JB, Price RB, Perez AM, Brallier JW, Rodriguez GJ, Goodman WK, Iosifescu DV, Charney DS. Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3571-3580. [PMID: 26266877 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a devastating public health problem and very few biological treatments have been found to be effective for quickly reducing the intensity of suicidal ideation (SI). We have previously shown that a single dose of ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is associated with a rapid reduction in depressive symptom severity and SI in patients with treatment-resistant depression. METHOD We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of ketamine in patients with mood and anxiety spectrum disorders who presented with clinically significant SI (n = 24). Patients received a single infusion of ketamine or midazolam (as an active placebo) in addition to standard of care. SI measured using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) 24 h post-treatment represented the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale--Suicidal Ideation (MADRS-SI) score at 24 h and additional measures beyond the 24-h time-point. RESULTS The intervention was well tolerated and no dropouts occurred during the primary 7-day assessment period. BSI score was not different between the treatment groups at 24 h (p = 0.32); however, a significant difference emerged at 48 h (p = 0.047). MADRS-SI score was lower in the ketamine group compared to midazolam group at 24 h (p = 0.05). The treatment effect was no longer significant at the end of the 7-day assessment period. CONCLUSIONS The current findings provide initial support for the safety and tolerability of ketamine as an intervention for SI in patients who are at elevated risk for suicidal behavior. Larger, well-powered studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - L Soleimani
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - K E DeWilde
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - K A Collins
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - K A Lapidus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology,Stony Brook University,Stony Brook,NY,USA
| | - B M Iacoviello
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - M Lener
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - M Kautz
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - J Kim
- Deparment of Psychology,UCLA,Los Angeles,CA,USA
| | - J B Stern
- Department of Psychology,Drexel University,Philadelphia,PA,USA
| | - R B Price
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
| | - A M Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - J W Brallier
- Department of Anesthesiology,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - G J Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - W K Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - D V Iosifescu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
| | - D S Charney
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program,Department of Psychiatry,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY,USA
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11
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Abstract
Dissemination is an important part of translational research. When the results of high-quality studies reach a wide audience of peers, they provide an evidence base that can guide practice and improve patient care and safety. From proposal to publication, the authors provide the novice researcher with advice on ethics, tips on selecting a journal, a summary of manuscript requirements, and a brief outline of the submission process and outcomes. By demystifying these processes and outlining some of the basic requirements, the authors hope to encourage novice researchers to engage in quality research and prepare them for disseminating their results.
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12
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Murrough JW, Collins KA, Fields J, DeWilde KE, Phillips ML, Mathew SJ, Wong E, Tang CY, Charney DS, Iosifescu DV. Regulation of neural responses to emotion perception by ketamine in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e509. [PMID: 25689570 PMCID: PMC4445748 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine has demonstrated antidepressant effects in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) within 24 h of a single dose. The current study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and two separate emotion perception tasks to examine the neural effects of ketamine in patients with TRD. One task used happy and neutral facial expressions; the other used sad and neutral facial expressions. Twenty patients with TRD free of concomitant antidepressant medication underwent fMRI at baseline and 24 h following administration of a single intravenous dose of ketamine (0.5 mg kg(-1)). Adequate data were available for 18 patients for each task. Twenty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were scanned at one time point for baseline comparison. Whole-brain, voxel-wise analyses were conducted controlling for a family-wise error rate (FWE) of P<0.05. Compared with healthy volunteers, TRD patients showed reduced neural responses to positive faces within the right caudate. Following ketamine, neural responses to positive faces were selectively increased within a similar region of right caudate. Connectivity analyses showed that greater connectivity of the right caudate during positive emotion perception was associated with improvement in depression severity following ketamine. No main effect of group was observed for the sad faces task. Our results indicate that ketamine specifically enhances neural responses to positive emotion within the right caudate in depressed individuals in a pattern that appears to reverse baseline deficits and that connectivity of this region may be important for the antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA. E-mail:
| | - K A Collins
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Fields
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K E DeWilde
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S J Mathew
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Wong
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Y Tang
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D S Charney
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D V Iosifescu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Collins KA, Hughes PM, Ibbotson R, Foy G, Brooks D. Views and experiences of using integrated care pathways (ICPs) for caring for people in the last days to hours of life: results from a cross-sectional survey of UK professionals. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015; 6:377-80. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Morgan J, Wyld L, Collins KA, Reed MW. Surgery versus primary endocrine therapy for operable primary breast cancer in elderly women (70 years plus). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 5:CD004272. [PMID: 35658165 PMCID: PMC9645779 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004272.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have evaluated the clinical effectiveness of endocrine therapy alone in women aged 70 years or over with operable breast cancer and who are fit for surgery. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of surgery (with or without adjuvant endocrine therapy) in comparison to primary endocrine therapy in the treatment of operable breast cancer in women aged 70 years and over, both in terms of local progression and mortality. SEARCH METHODS We conducted an updated search of the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group's Specialised Register (27th March 2013) and new searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2013, Issue 3), MEDLINE, EMBASE, the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (apps.who.int/trialsearch/) and www. CLINICALTRIALS gov, using the search terms 'early breast cancer', 'endocrine therapy', 'psychosocial' or 'surgery'. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing surgery, with or without adjuvant endocrine therapy, to primary endocrine therapy in the management of women aged 70 years or over with early breast cancer and who were fit for surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We assessed studies for eligibility and quality, and two review authors independently extracted data from published trials. We derived hazard ratios for time-to-event outcomes, where possible, and used a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis. We extracted toxicity and quality-of-life data, where present. Where outcome data were not available, we contacted trialists and requested unpublished data. MAIN RESULTS We identified seven eligible trials, of which six had published time-to-event data and one was published only in abstract form with no usable data. The quality of the allocation concealment was adequate in three studies and unclear in the remainder. In each case the endocrine therapy used was tamoxifen. Data, based on an estimated 1081 deaths in 1571 women, did not show a statistically significant difference in favour of either surgery or primary endocrine therapy in respect of overall survival. However, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of progression-free survival, which favoured surgery with (474 participants) or without endocrine therapy (164 participants). The hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival were: HR 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 1.20, P = 0.85; 3 trials, 495 participants) for surgery alone versus primary endocrine therapy; HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00, P = 0.06; 3 trials, 1076 participants) for surgery plus endocrine therapy versus primary endocrine therapy. The HRs for progression-free survival were: HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.77, P = 0.0006) for surgery alone versus primary endocrine therapy; HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.81, P = 0.0001) for surgery plus endocrine therapy versus primary endocrine therapy (each comparison based on only one trial). Tamoxifen-related adverse effects included hot flushes, skin rash, vaginal discharge, indigestion, breast pain, sleepiness, headache, vertigo, itching, hair loss, cystitis, acute thrombophlebitis, nausea, and indigestion. Surgery-related adverse effects included paraesthesia on the ipsilateral arm and lateral thoracic wall in those who had axillary clearance. One study suggested that those undergoing surgery suffered more psychosocial morbidity at three months post-surgery, although this difference had disappeared by two years. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Primary endocrine therapy should only be offered to women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumours who are unfit for surgery, at increased risk of serious surgical or anaesthetic complications if subjected to surgery, or who refuse surgery. In a cohort of women with significant co-morbid disease and ER-positive tumours it is possible that primary endocrine therapy may be a superior option to surgery. Trials are needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors as primary therapy for an infirm older population with ER-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Morgan
- The University of SheffieldAcademic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of OncologySheffieldSouth YorkshireUKS10 2RX
| | - Lynda Wyld
- The University of SheffieldAcademic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of OncologySheffieldSouth YorkshireUKS10 2RX
| | - Karen A Collins
- Sheffield Hallam UniversityCentre for Health and Social Care ResearchMontgomery House 32 Collegiate CrescentSheffieldUKS10 2BP
| | - Malcolm W Reed
- The University of SheffieldAcademic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of OncologySheffieldSouth YorkshireUKS10 2RX
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15
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Caldon LJM, Collins KA, Wilde DJ, Ahmedzai SH, Noble TW, Stotter A, Sibbering DM, Holt S, Reed MWR. Why do hospital mastectomy rates vary? Differences in the decision-making experiences of women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1551-7. [PMID: 21559024 PMCID: PMC3101915 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital mastectomy rates vary. This study explores the relationship between mastectomy rates and breast cancer patients' consultation and decision-making experiences with specialist clinicians. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 65 patients from three purposively selected breast units from a single UK region. Patients provided with a choice of breast cancer surgery (breast conservation therapy (BCT) or mastectomy) were purposively recruited from high, medium and low case-mix-adjusted mastectomy rate units. RESULTS Low mastectomy rate unit patients' consultation and decision-making experiences were markedly different to those of the medium and high mastectomy rate breast units. Treatment variation was associated with patients' perception of the most reassuring and least disruptive treatment; the content and style of information provision (equipoise or directed); level of patient participation in decision making; the time and process of decision making and patient autonomy in decision making. The provision of more comprehensive less directive information and greater autonomy, time and support of independent decision making were associated with a lower uptake of BCT. CONCLUSION Variation in hospital mastectomy rates was associated with differences in the consultation and decision-making experiences of breast cancer patients. Higher mastectomy rates were associated with the facilitation of more informed autonomous patient decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J M Caldon
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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16
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Caldon LJM, Collins KA, Reed MW, Sivell S, Austoker J, Clements AM, Patnick J, Elwyn G. Clinicians' concerns about decision support interventions for patients facing breast cancer surgery options: understanding the challenge of implementing shared decision-making. Health Expect 2010; 14:133-46. [PMID: 21029281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is interest in interventions that provide support for patients facing challenging decisions, such as the choice between mastectomy and breast conservation surgery for breast cancer. However, it is difficult to implement these interventions. One potential source of resistance is the attitudes of clinicians. OBJECTIVE To examine specialist breast clinicians' opinions about the provision of decision support interventions (DesIs) for patients. METHODS As part of the development of a web-based DesI (BresDex), semi-structured interviews were conducted with specialist clinicians [breast surgeons, breast care nurses (BCNs) and oncologists] from four breast units in a UK region, and speciality national opinion leaders. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the Framework approach. RESULTS A majority of the 24 clinicians interviewed did not have a working knowledge of DesIs and were ambivalent or sceptical. Many expressed conflicting opinions: they noted the potential benefits, but at the same time expressed reservations about information overlap, overload and about content that they considered inappropriate. Many wanted access to DesIs to be always under clinical supervision. In particular, they were uncertain as regards how DeSIs could be tailored to individual patients' needs and also accommodate clinical practice variation. BCNs were particularly concerned that DesIs might induce patient anxiety and replace their role. CONCLUSIONS The concept of providing interventions to support patients in decision-making tasks generated concern, defensiveness and scepticism. These attitudes will be a significant barrier. Implementation efforts will need to recognize and address these issues if these interventions are to become embedded in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J M Caldon
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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17
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Tyler JK, Collins KA, Prasad-Sinha J, Amiott E, Bulger M, Harte PJ, Kobayashi R, Kadonaga JT. Interaction between the Drosophila CAF-1 and ASF1 chromatin assembly factors. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:6574-84. [PMID: 11533245 PMCID: PMC99803 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.19.6574-6584.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of newly synthesized DNA into chromatin is essential for normal growth, development, and differentiation. To gain a better understanding of the assembly of chromatin during DNA synthesis, we identified, cloned, and characterized the 180- and 105-kDa polypeptides of Drosophila chromatin assembly factor 1 (dCAF-1). The purified recombinant p180+p105+p55 dCAF-1 complex is active for DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly. Furthermore, we have established that the putative 75-kDa polypeptide of dCAF-1 is a C-terminally truncated form of p105 that does not coexist in dCAF-1 complexes containing the p105 subunit. The analysis of native and recombinant dCAF-1 revealed an interaction between dCAF-1 and the Drosophila anti-silencing function 1 (dASF1) component of replication-coupling assembly factor (RCAF). The binding of dASF1 to dCAF-1 is mediated through the p105 subunit of dCAF-1. Consistent with the interaction between dCAF-1 p105 and dASF1 in vitro, we observed that dASF1 and dCAF-1 p105 colocalized in vivo in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. This interaction between dCAF-1 and dASF1 may be a key component of the functional synergy observed between RCAF and dCAF-1 during the assembly of newly synthesized DNA into chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Tyler
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0347, USA
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18
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Abstract
Fetal death has been defined by the World Health Organization as death before complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy. Certain causes of fetal death, including syphilis, Rh isoimmunization, toxemia, and diabetes, have shown significant declines over the past several decades. However, many fetal losses continue to occur from intrauterine infections, lethal malformations, fetal growth retardation, and abruptio placentae. Fetal death with no identifiable specific cause is another consideration when dealing with these cases. Other risk factors can include maternal, sociodemographic, and medical care factors. The authors reviewed all forensic cases referred for autopsy to the Forensic Section of the Medical University of South Carolina, Medical Examiners' Office over the 10-year period 1990-1999. All cases listed as fetal death or stillbirth were included. The 42 cases were analyzed as to fetus' gestational age, sex, race, weight, location of delivery, history of prenatal care, maternal drug use, chromosomal abnormalities, cause and manner of death, and autopsy findings. The black:white ratio was approximately 2:1, and the male:female ratio was virtually 1:1. Most fetuses were older than 20 weeks' gestational age, with one third between 20 and 29 weeks. The majority were externally normal aside from maceration. Only 7.5% had congenital anomalies. Twenty-one of 38 placentas were grossly and microscopically normal. Of cases with toxicologic analysis, 21% were positive for drugs, and 17% were positive for cocaine/benzoylecgonine. The manner of death was classified as natural (28), accident (2), and undetermined (12). Few studies have reported the specific causes of fetal death, and the lack of uniformity in data collection and classification of causes of fetal death has made comparisons difficult. The authors present this retrospective study to better determine the factors leading to fetal demise in the hope of assisting death investigators in this challenging arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sims
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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19
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Abstract
Anaphylactic reactions involve contact with an antigen that evokes an immune reaction that is harmful. This type of reaction is a rapidly developing immunologic reaction termed a type I hypersensitivity reaction. The antigen complexes with an IgE antibody that is bound to mast cells and basophils in a previously sensitized individual. Upon re-exposure, vasoactive and spasmogenic substances are released that act on vessels and smooth muscle. The reaction can be local or systemic and may be fatal. The authors report the death of a 19-year-old white male who had a history of "multiple allergies," including pets, molds, and penicillin. One morning, he and his friends made pancakes with a packaged mix that had been opened and in the cabinet for approximately 2 years. The friends stopped eating the pancakes because they said that they tasted like "rubbing alcohol." The decedent continued to eat the pancakes and suddenly became short of breath. He was taken to a nearby clinic, where he became unresponsive and died. At autopsy, laryngeal edema and hyperinflated lungs with mucous plugging were identified. Microscopically, edema and numerous degranulating mast cells were identified in the larynx. The smaller airways contained mucus, and findings of chronic asthma were noted. Serum tryptase was elevated at 14.0 ng/ml. The pancake mix was analyzed and found to contain a total mold count of 700/g of mix as follows: Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, and Aspergillus. Witness statements indicate that the decedent ate two pancakes; thus he consumed an approximate mold count of 21,000. The decedent had a history of allergies to molds and penicillin, and thus was allergic to the molds in the pancake mix. The authors present this unusual case of anaphylaxis and a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Bennett
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Forensic Section Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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20
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Collins KA, Bennett AT. Persistence of spermatozoa and prostatic acid phosphatase in specimens from deceased individuals during varied postmortem intervals. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2001; 22:228-32. [PMID: 11563728 DOI: 10.1097/00000433-200109000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The survival of spermatozoa and the persistence of prostatic acid phosphatase has been an area of interest for investigators of sexual assault. However, not much documentation exists concerning the examination of a deceased individual with regard to the postmortem interval and presence of such evidence. The authors reviewed cases referred to the medical examiner's office during a 10-year period. During this time, 199 cases were both autopsied and examined for sexual assault. In particular, these examinations included procurement of swabs for Papanicolaou staining of smears and for quantitation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Most of the victims were female, although a few were male. In the majority of cases, the swabs for smears and prostatic acid phosphatase were taken from oral, vaginal, and anorectal areas in females and oral and anorectal areas in males. The smears all were stained with the routine Papanicolaou stain, and intact spermatozoa and spermatozoan heads were sought. The prostatic acid phosphatase was analyzed by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay method and reported as ng/ml. A level of greater than 100 ng/ml was considered positive. The cases were analyzed with respect to postmortem interval; presence or absence of intact spermatozoa or spermatozoan heads; presence of an elevated prostatic acid phosphatase; body location of the specimen; the time of year; location of the victim; and physical injury (anogenital) of sexual assault. The authors hope that by examining the laboratory evidence of sexual assault, a correlation can be drawn between the presence or absence of such evidence and the aforementioned variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Forensic Section, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
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21
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Mor-Avi V, Caiani EG, Collins KA, Korcarz CE, Bednarz JE, Lang RM. Combined assessment of myocardial perfusion and regional left ventricular function by analysis of contrast-enhanced power modulation images. Circulation 2001; 104:352-7. [PMID: 11457757 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.104.3.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echocardiographic contrast media have been used to assess myocardial perfusion and to enhance endocardial definition for improved assessment of left ventricular (LV) function. These methodologies, however, have been qualitative or have required extensive offline image analysis. Power modulation is a recently developed imaging technique that provides selective enhancement of microbubble-generated reflections. Our goal was to test the feasibility of using power modulation for combined quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion and regional LV function in an animal model of acute ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary balloon occlusions were performed in 18 anesthetized pigs. Transthoracic power modulation images (Agilent 5500) were obtained during continuous intravenous infusion of the contrast agent Definity (DuPont) at baseline and during brief coronary occlusion and reperfusion and were analyzed with custom software. At each phase, myocardial perfusion was assessed by calculation, in 6 myocardial regions of interest, of mean pixel intensity and the rate of contrast replenishment after high-power ultrasound impulses. LV function was assessed by calculation of regional fractional area change from semiautomatically detected endocardial borders. All ischemic episodes caused detectable and reversible changes in perfusion and function. Perfusion defects, validated with fluorescent microspheres, were visualized in real time and confirmed by a significant decrease in pixel intensity in the left anterior descending coronary artery territory after balloon inflation and reduced rate of contrast replenishment. Fractional area change decreased significantly in ischemic segments and was restored with reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Power modulation allows simultaneous online assessment of myocardial perfusion and regional LV wall motion, which may improve the echocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mor-Avi
- Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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22
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Jaskiw GE, Collins KA, Pehek EA, Yamamoto BK. Tyrosine augments acute clozapine- but not haloperidol-induced dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat: an in vivo microdialysis study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 25:149-56. [PMID: 11377928 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine availability can influence dopamine (DA) synthesis in highly electrophysiologically active DAergic neurons, such as those innervating the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Whether tyrosine concentrations can also affect MPFC extracellular DA concentrations, measured in vivo, is not known. Since clozapine preferentially activates mesocortical DA neurons, we posited that tyrosine administration to a clozapine-pretreated rat would enhance the clozapine-induced augmentation of MPFC extracellular DA concentrations. Tyrosine alone (25-50mg/kg IP) did not affect mesocortical or striatal extracellular DA concentrations measured by in vivo microdialysis. Given 30 minutes after clozapine (10 mg/kg), tyrosine (50 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the clozapine-induced increase in MPFC extracellular DA concentrations but had no effect in the striatum. In contrast, tyrosine (50 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the haloperidol (1 mg/kg) induced increase in striatal extracellular DA concentrations but had no effect in the MPFC. These data constitute the first in vivo evidence that administration of tyrosine can selectively potentiate the clozapine-evoked increase in mesocortical extracellular DA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Jaskiw
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44141, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The suicide rate in the 65-year and older age group has been increasing since 1980. The elderly attempt suicide less often than younger people but are successful more often. The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases referred to the Forensic Pathology Section of the Medical Examiners' Office at the Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston, SC) from January 1988 through December 1997. The cases of suicide in victims 65 years and older totaled 78, accounting for 11.5% of all suicides reviewed. Of these 78 cases, 41% were autopsied and 59% were externally examined. All of the cases were initially analyzed as to age, race, sex, and method of suicide. Files also were reviewed to determine time of year of the suicide, toxicology results, psychiatric history, social history, medical history, and whether a suicide note was left. The ages of these suicide victims ranged from 65 to 94 years; men comprised 85% of the victims, and whites, 94%. The male-to-female and white-to-black ratios were 6:1 and 15: 1, respectively. The average age of the victim was 73 years. Gunshot wound was the most common method of suicide, accounting for 80.7% of the cases. Other methods included overdose (6.4%), hanging (3.8%), fall from height (2.6%), incised wounds (2.6%), drowning (2.6%), and carbon monoxide poisoning (1.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Bennett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology, Charleston 29425, USA
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24
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Abstract
A 10-year retrospective study of pediatric toxicologic deaths was performed at the Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston, SC) from January 1989 to December 1998. During this time, 709 pediatric forensic autopsies were performed on children younger than 18 years of age. Eleven deaths were determined to be secondary to toxic exposures (excluding carbon monoxide poisonings secondary to fires). The remaining deaths were reviewed for the presence of alcohol or illicit drugs. The 11 toxicologic deaths were analyzed for age, sex, race, type of toxic exposure, cause and manner of death, location of incident, witness, and, in the younger age group, the primary caregiver at the time of exposure. The deaths had a bimodal age distribution (6 deaths in victims ages 15 to 17 and 5 deaths in victims ages 4 or younger), involving a wide range of toxins. The teenage group was composed of five males and one female, all white. The preschool group had three females and three males, all black. The manner of death ranged from accidental to suicidal to homicidal. In addition, in eight neonatal and fetal deaths, the victims tested positive for maternal cocaine use, and five of these victims tested positive for cocaine or benzoylecgonine. However, the cause of death was not stated to be cocaine in any of these neonatal and fetal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Campbell
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology, Charleston 29425, USA
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25
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Abstract
Overlaying, the accidental death by smothering caused by a larger individual sleeping on top of an infant, is a cause of death that has been documented for centuries. The hazard of death has been reported to be greater in infants less than 5 months of age but may occur in children up to the age of 2 years. When an adult or older child rolls on top of an infant, mechanical asphyxia results. The face may be pressed into the mattress or into the body of the sleeping adult or older child. The infant's air may be expressed, and he or she is unable to cry due to pressure on the thorax and the inability to inhale. Some pathologists and investigators believe that the victims of overlaying have no pertinent physical findings at autopsy and that any injury is indicative of inflicted trauma. Others believe that one may see contusions and abrasions from overlaying in and of itself. Wedging is another form of accidental mechanical asphyxia that may have negative autopsy findings. The prevalence of bruising, contusions, or facial and ocular petechiae is not clear. The author reviewed all pediatric forensic cases referred for autopsy to the Forensic Section of the Medical University of South Carolina/Medical Examiners' Office over the past 15 years, from 1985 to 1999. Of these, all cases of overlaying, cases listed as undetermined sudden infant death syndrome versus overlaying, and wedging were included. The cases were analyzed as to victims' age, sex, race, location/bedding, bed-sharer, and whether the bed-sharer was known to have ingested drugs or alcohol before sleep. Postmortem physical findings were also reviewed, particularly for documentation of contusions, abrasions, or facial or ocular petechiae. By clarifying not only the victim, bed-sharer, and scenario but also the presence or absence of physical findings in cases of overlaying, wedging, and other accidental asphyxia, we can better categorize these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Postmortem examination may be useful in establishing the cause of sudden unexpected death. In many instances, however, limitations of staffing, budget, and time may force the pathologist to triage cases to external examination rather than autopsy. A rapid assay for cardiac troponin T (cTnT) to document suspected cardiac-related deaths may optimize the use of the time and resources of the autopsy pathologist. Peripheral blood was sampled percutaneously before each of 40 autopsies and placed in the well of the Cardiac T Rapid Assay unit in accordance with the included instructions, and the results were read after 15 minutes. The assay result, decedent age, postmortem interval, and evidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were tabulated and subsequently correlated with the cause of death. On final sign-out of each of the autopsies, the cause of death was determined to be cardiac-related (n = 20) versus the cause in non-cardiac control subjects (n = 20). This determination was made while the investigators were blinded to the cTnT assay result. Of the 20 cardiac deaths, 17 (85%) showed positive results for cTnT compared with 6 (30%) false-positive results among the 20 control cases; this result was statistically significant according to the chi-square test. In the over-50 age group, the sensitivity of this assay in detecting cardiac-related death was 91%, with a specificity of 86%. Perimortem cardiopulmonary resuscitation did not appear to result in false-positive results. In the appropriate setting, this rapid assay for cTnT can provide valuable data supportive of a cardiac-related death. This inexpensive test may best be used in triaging sudden deaths in persons over 50 to external examination versus complete autopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Cina
- Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 78236, USA
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Collins KA, Korcarz CE, Shroff SG, Bednarz JE, Fentzke RC, Lin H, Leiden JM, Lang RM. Accuracy of echocardiographic estimates of left ventricular mass in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H1954-62. [PMID: 11299194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.5.h1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified mice have created the need for accurate noninvasive left ventricular mass (LVM) measurements. Recent technical advances provide two-dimensional images adequate for LVM calculation using the area-length method, which in humans is more accurate than M-mode methods. We compared the standard M-mode and area-length methods in mice over a wide range of LV sizes and weights (62-210 mg). Ninety-one CD-1 mice (38 normal, 44 aortic banded, and 9 inherited dilated cardiomyopathy) were imaged transthoracically (15 MHz linear transducer, 120 Hz). Compared with necropsy weights, area-length measurements showed higher correlation than the M-mode method (r = 0.92 vs. 0.81), increased accuracy (bias +/- SD: 1.4 +/- 27.1% vs. 36.7 +/- 51.6%), and improved reproducibility. There was no significant difference between end-systolic and end-diastolic estimates. The truncated ellipsoid estimation produced results similar in accuracy to the area-length method. Whereas current echocardiographic technology can accurately and reproducibly estimate LVM with the two-dimensional, area-length formula in a variety of mouse models, additional technological improvements, rather than refinement of geometric models, will likely improve the accuracy of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Mor-Avi V, Collins KA, Korcarz CE, Shah M, Spencer KT, Lang RM. Detection of regional temporal abnormalities in left ventricular function during acute myocardial ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H1770-81. [PMID: 11247791 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.4.h1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Echocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischemia is based on visualizing hypokinesis, which occurs late in the ischemic cascade. We hypothesized that temporal changes in endocardial motion may constitute sensitive early markers of ischemia. Two protocols were performed in 19 anesthetized pigs. Protocol 1 included 54 intracoronary balloon occlusions. Transthoracic images were acquired at baseline and every 15 s during 5 min of occlusion and reperfusion. In protocol 2, ischemia was induced in 12 animals by use of graded dobutamine infusion, after creating significant partial occlusions without a resting wall motion abnormality. Systolic and diastolic endocardial motion was color encoded using color kinesis and analyzed using custom software. All ischemic episodes caused detectable and reversible changes. The earliest sign of ischemia was tardokinesis in 31/54 occlusions, whereas hypokinesis appeared first in 23/54 cases. Dobutamine-induced ischemia caused tardokinesis first in 9/12 and hypokinesis in 3/12 animals. Reversible ischemic changes in regional left ventricular performance can be objectively detected using analysis of echocardiographic images and will likely improve the early noninvasive diagnosis of acute ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mor-Avi
- The Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Strickler
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Bennett AT, Collins KA. Suicide: a ten-year retrospective study. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:1256-8. [PMID: 11110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a complex phenomenon associated with psychological, biological, and social factors, claiming approximately 30,000 lives each year in the United States. We retrospectively reviewed all cases referred to the Medical Examiners' Office/Forensic Pathology Section at the Medical University of South Carolina from January 1988 to December 1997. The cases of suicide totaled 678. All of the cases were analyzed as to age/race/sex, method of suicide, time of year, and toxicological results. Files were also reviewed to determine if the victim left behind a suicide note. The ages ranged from 12 to 94 years; males comprised 79.5% of the victims, and whites 78.3%. The male to female and white to black ratios were both 3.9:1. The most common methods were gunshot wounds, accounting for 64.6% of the cases. No correlation existed with time of year, and the number of cases was not increased around major holidays. The group of victims 65 years and older and the pediatric group under the age of 18 were also examined separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Bennett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Charleston 29425, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of male perpetrators of sexual assault may be made from cells and fluids recovered from postcoital condoms. To date, the focus has been on identifying the person who had worn the condom. OBJECTIVE To describe a method for scientifically identifying both the male and female participants in a sex act by employing polymerase chain reaction-based technology on swabs taken from the internal and external surfaces of a condom. Fluorescence in situ hybridization may be used to screen for the presence of female cells on a condom. METHODS Swabs were taken from the internal and external surfaces of a condom 8 hours postcoitus. DNA was isolated from each swab through standard organic extraction. Extracted DNA was amplified for 8 different genetic loci using the Promega PowerPlex kit and the sex identification amelogenin marker. Amplified samples were electrophoresed on precast sequencing gels and analyzed fluorescently using a Hitachi FMBIO 2 fluorescent scanner and software. Each DNA sample obtained from the condom was compared with male and female buccal controls. At the time of collection, air-dried slides were prepared from the swabs for subsequent multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using dual X- and Y-chromosome probes with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining. RESULTS A pure sample of female DNA was isolated from the external surface of the condom as determined by exclusive amplification of the X-chromosome-specific 212-base pair amelogenin marker. Swabs taken from the internal surface yielded DNA originating from the male participant. Identification was conclusive at 8 of 8 genetic loci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified pure populations of male epithelial cells from the internal surface of the condom and female cells from the external surface. CONCLUSIONS Cells shed from a female during sexual intercourse can be retrieved from the external surface of a condom following sexual intercourse. Fluorescence in situ hybridization can be used to screen for the presence of female cells, and positive identification of the female sexual partner can then be made using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. We suggest that swabs taken from both surfaces of a condom used during sexual assault may be used to provide information that will definitively link the victim to the suspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cina
- Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Department of Pathology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Tex. 78236, USA
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Bennett AT, Collins KA. Pathologic quiz case: abdominal pain. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124:1089-90. [PMID: 10888791 DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-1089-pqcap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A T Bennett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Charleston, USA
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Collins KA, Cina MS, Pettenati MJ, Fitts M. Identification of female cells in postcoital penile swabs using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124:1080-2. [PMID: 10888788 DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-1080-iofcip] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the finding of semen, that is, spermatozoa and acid phosphatase, in cervicovaginal specimens has been considered the laboratory evidence needed to prove recent sexual contact. Recent research with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has shown that in the absence of semen, male epithelial and inflammatory cells can be found within the female genital tract. A striking paucity of literature exists pertaining to the examination of the penis of an alleged assailant for potential evidence indicative of sexual assault. The current study uses FISH to analyzepostcoital swabs of the penis for such laboratory evidence. A male and female volunteer couple consented to participate in this study. Following coitus, the male partner presented to one of the investigators for penile swabbing. Swabs were taken at varying postcoital intervals (1-24 hours) subsequent to 10 coital episodes. The male participant was instructed not to shower following coitus, but to otherwise go about daily activities until specimen collection. To obtain each sample, 4 sterile cotton-tipped applicators were slightly moistened in sterile saline and swabbed along the length of the penile shaft and around the base of the penis. From the swabs, 3 air-dried slides were prepared, coded, and blinded. As controls, swabs were taken from the buccal surfaces of both volunteers. Multicolor FISH was performed using dual X- and Y-chromosome probes, and slides were counterstained with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cells were easily visualized under a fluorescent microscope, but only cells with 2 nonoverlapping fluorescent signals were counted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is highly sensitive and specific, and the dual probes easily distinguished between male and female cells. Female cells were identified on smears from every penile swab over the entire 1- to 24-hour postcoital interval. The FISH technique, previously successful in identifying male cells within the female genital tract, may also be employed on penile swabs. Once the presence of female cells is confirmed by FISH, the identity of the female can be confirmed by DNA analysis. Potentially, with such current molecular analyses, both the assailant and the victim can be positively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Forensic Section, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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35
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Abstract
After sexual assault, cells originating from the assailant may be recovered from the victim. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technology, positive scientific identification of the assailant may be made from these cells. Described is a prospective study describing a method for positively identifying cells from a female sex partner obtained from postcoital swabs of the penis of the male sex partner. Swabs were taken from the penis of a man at 1- to 24-hour intervals after coitus. DNA was isolated from each swab through standard organic extraction methods. The presence of female DNA was detected using the gender-specific amelogenin marker. Extracted DNA was amplified for eight different genetic loci using the Promega PowerPlex kit (Promega) and Amplitaq Gold (Perkin Elmer). Amplified samples were electrophoresed on precast sequencing gels (Hitachi) and were analyzed fluorescently using Hitachi's FMBIO 2 fluorescent scanner and software. Each sample obtained from a penile swab or condom was compared to male and female buccal controls. Female DNA was isolated from all postcoital penile swabs as determined by exclusive amplification of the X-chromosome specific 212 base pair amelogenin marker. In all cases, scientific identification of the female DNA from the swabs was determined by coamplification of eight STR loci (PowerPlex) and was compared to female and male control profiles. Cells shed from a female victim during sexual intercourse can be retrieved from the penis of a male offender after sexual intercourse during a 1- to 24-hour postcoital interval. DNA can be extracted from these cells and can be used to scientifically identify the female sexual participant through PCR-based technology. It is suggested that penile swabs be taken from alleged perpetrators of sexual assaults to associate them with a female victim.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Cina
- Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Department of Pathology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas 78236, USA
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Abstract
We report on a 5-year-old girl with multiple congenital anomalies, developmental delay, and a de novo unbalanced translocation between chromosomes X and 1[46,X,der(X)-t(X;1)(q24;q31.1)] resulting in partial trisomy 1q and partial monosomy Xq. The karyotype shows inactivation of the abnormal X chromosome. The translocated portion of 1q remains active in the tissues studied. This is the third case report with partial trisomy 1q and partial monosomy Xq. However, it is the first with specific breakpoints at 1q31.1 and Xq24.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- F. Clarke Clinical Genetics Unit, Division of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Collman JP, Kendall JL, Chen JL, Collins KA, Marchon JC. Formation of charge-transfer complexes from neutral bis(porphyrin) sandwiches. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1661-7. [PMID: 12526551 DOI: 10.1021/ic9907516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide(III) bis(porphyrin) sandwich complexes of octaethyltetraazaporphyrin (OETAP) were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies. Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that these neutral sandwich complexes are very easily reduced. Charge-transfer reactions were performed in solution with Ln-(OETAP)2 sandwiches and zirconium(IV) bis(porphyrin) sandwiches. The lanthanide sandwiches partially oxidize the zirconium sandwiches in solution, and a solvent dependence of the charge-transfer reaction was observed. The solid-state properties of these charge-transfer materials were also studied. Magnetic susceptibility results suggest weak intermolecular interactions between the sandwiches. The conductivities of the charge-transfer species are greatly improved relative to those of the insulating undoped sandwiches, but the conductivities are in the lower semiconducting region. The low conductivity values are thought to be due to poor intermolecular overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Collman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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38
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Collins KA, Sumpio BE. Vascular assessment. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2000; 17:171-91. [PMID: 10810651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the patient with peripheral vascular disease encompasses a thorough history and physical examination with the adjunctive use of the noninvasive vascular laboratory to confirm, localize, and grade lesions. The need for additional vascular testing depends upon the clinical scenario and urgency with which intervention must be undertaken with contrast angiography reserved for planning surgical intervention. While multiple noninvasive and invasive methods are available to assess the peripheral vasculature, it should be obvious that not every patient requires an exhaustive battery of tests in order to evaluate their vascular status. In general, only those tests that are likely to provide information which will alter the course of action should be performed. Differing clinical syndromes mandate the extent of peripheral vascular testing. Table 5 lists distinct clinical syndromes and presentations and the peripheral vascular testing that is likely to yield timely and cost efficient results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Bennett AT, Collins KA, Hanzlick R. Outcome analysis and quality assessment. Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:1399-400. [PMID: 10399890 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.13.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A T Bennett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Abstract
More than 3 million children are abused and/or neglected each year in the United States. Unfortunately, a significant percentage of these cases result in homicide by child abuse or child neglect. Causes of death range from blunt force trauma and shaking to asphyxia to immolation. We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric forensic cases referred to the Medical University of South Carolina Forensic Pathology Section over the past 10 years, from January 1986 to December 1995. Of these, we looked only at children < or =5 years of age. The majority (342 cases, 69%) of these deaths were classified as natural, 96 (19%) as accident, and 60 (12%) as homicide. Of the homicides, we examined the cause of death; age, gender, and race of the victim; relationship to the perpetrator; time interval between injury and death; and the initial history given as to the cause of the injury. The cause of death fell into nine categories, the number one category being head trauma. Forty-five percent of the homicides were by head trauma, 12% by abdominal or body trauma, 25% by asphyxia (with half of these due to drowning), 10% by carbon monoxide poisoning or thermal injury, and the remaining 8% involving cases of neglect, stabbing, and poisoning. The majority of the homicide victims were male (67%) and black (67%). Forty-six percent were < or =1 year of age. Approximately 25% of the homicide cases were designated as shaken baby syndrome (SBS). In 97% of the cases, the assailant was known to the victim and was a family relative in 77%. Sixty-three percent of the assailants were female and 45% of the assailants were male; in 12%, the assailants were both parents, and in 1 case, the assailant remains unknown. Of the asphyxia deaths, 87% of the assailants were female. The time interval between injury and death ranged from minutes to hours in most cases to months in cases of repeated abuse and chronic injury and sequelae. The time interval between injury and the onset of symptoms remains unknown in most cases due to inconsistencies in the history and lack of credibility of the caretaker. The most common initial history given was "a fall" (20%). We report our findings of a decade of pediatric homicides to increase awareness of the common scenarios and case histories, demographics of the victims, causes of death, and perpetrators of pediatric homicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Charleston 29425, USA
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42
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Abstract
The number of suicides in the pediatric age group is rising, and death investigators need to be aware of the common scenarios, risk factors, and victims as they investigate such cases to properly assign the cause and manner of death. We reviewed all pediatric cases referred to the Medical University of South Carolina, Forensic Section, from January 1988 through January 1998. Thirty-one cases of pediatric suicide were analyzed with regards to age, gender, race, cause of death, surrounding circumstances, and past history. Sixty-eight percent of victims were aged 16 or 17 years, 84% were male, 68% were white, 78% used firearms to commit suicide, 81% were found within close vicinity of their home, and 26% had a documented history of mental illness. Suicide is a manner of death that is often difficult for the public to accept, especially in pediatric cases. We report our findings in this 10-year retrospective study to better understand this entity and work toward the prevention of future cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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43
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Collins KA, Nichols CA, Hanzlick R. Case of the month: not-so-obvious uses of the autopsy. Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:2429-30. [PMID: 9855380 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.158.22.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Collins KA, Lee CJ, Hanzlick R. Case of the month: death and distraction. Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:2183-4. [PMID: 9818796 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Thorne LB, Collins KA. Speedballing with needle embolization: case study and review of the literature. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43:1074-6. [PMID: 9729829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Foreign-body embolization is not an uncommon occurrence. However, to our knowledge, there are only ten reported cases of needle embolization associated with intravenous drug use. We report the sudden death of a 49-year-old white male with a known history of crack cocaine abuse. At autopsy, suspicious needle marks were noted on the right lower extremity. The lungs were of increased weight at 1000 and 1090 g and appeared edematous. The heart weighed 520 g and had a normal red-brown myocardium. Upon sectioning, a broken hypodermic needle of very small caliber was identified in the right ventricular myocardium protruding into the right ventricular chamber. This needle apparently traveled from the injection site to the right ventricle. The right ventricle was dilated and hypertrophied, and microscopic examination showed hyperemic myocardium surrounding the needle. Sections of lung showed numerous foreign-body type giant cells containing polarizable foreign material consistent with intravenous drug use. Toxicological analysis revealed the presence of ethanol (36 mg/dL), cocaine (0.098 mg/L), benzoylecgonine (2.16 mg/L), and morphine (0.841 mg/L). Urine and blood were positive for the presence of 6-monoacetylmorphine. Based on the toxicological analysis, the cause of death was determined to be cocaine and heroin toxicity, and the manner accidental. The needle embolus was considered an incidental finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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46
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Morrell CJ, Walters SJ, Dixon S, Collins KA, Brereton LM, Peters J, Brooker CG. Cost effectiveness of community leg ulcer clinics: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1998; 316:1487-91. [PMID: 9582132 PMCID: PMC28546 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7143.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the relative cost effectiveness of community leg ulcer clinics that use four layer compression bandaging versus usual care provided by district nurses. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow up. SETTING Eight community based research clinics in four trusts in Trent. SUBJECTS 233 patients with venous leg ulcers allocated at random to intervention (120) or control (113) group. INTERVENTIONS Weekly treatment with four layer bandaging in a leg ulcer clinic (clinic group) or usual care at home by the district nursing service (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to complete ulcer healing, patient health status, and recurrence of ulcers. Satisfaction with care, use of services, and personal costs were also monitored. RESULTS The ulcers of patients in the clinic group tended to heal sooner than those in the control group over the whole 12 month follow up (log rank P=0.03). At 12 weeks, 34% of patients in the clinic group were healed compared with 24% in the control. The crude initial healing rate of ulcers in intervention compared with control patients was 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 2. 03). No significant differences were found between the groups in health status. Mean total NHS costs were 878.06 pounds per year for the clinic group and 859.34 pounds for the control (P=0.89). CONCLUSIONS Community based leg ulcer clinics with trained nurses using four layer bandaging is more effective than traditional home based treatment. This benefit is achieved at a small additional cost and could be delivered at reduced cost if certain service configurations were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Morrell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA.
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McConnell SE, Collins KA. Sudden unexpected death resulting from an anomalous hypoplastic left coronary artery. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43:708-11. [PMID: 9608711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of sudden death in a 24-year-old, healthy white female who was physically active and participated in sports, including soccer. Two weeks prior to her death, an insurance physical examination revealed an abnormal electrocardiogram which demonstrated flipped T waves in the anterior leads. There was no other remarkable medical history. At autopsy, only one coronary ostium was demonstrated and it originated from the right aortic sinus. Approximately 0.8 cm from this right coronary artery (RCA) ostium, a left coronary artery (LCA) branched off the RCA at a 90-degree angle. The LCA had luminal diameter of 0.4 m but the LCA had a luminal diameter of only 0.1 cm. The LCA coursed anterior to the base of the pulmonary artery and down the anterior ventricular septum reflecting the usual course of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The LCA and RCA paths appeared to merge or terminate at the anterior left ventricular myocardium which was discolored gray, a process that involved the inner and middle thirds of the myocardium. Based on the autopsy findings, we certified the cause of death as a probable arrhythmia due to myocardial fibrosis and dystrophic calcification resulting from complications of an anomalous hypoplastic left coronary artery. Anomalies of coronary arteries have been classified and studied at autopsy and by clinical angiography. Coronary artery anomalies can be divided into minor and major forms with major anomalies often resulting in cardiac dysfunction that may cause failure and death. Minor anomalies, in general, have no pathophysiological significance and are compatible with life. Minor anomalies include variations in number and location of coronary ostia. A single coronary ostia is exceedingly rare in hearts with no other congenital malformations. The prognostic significance can be unpredictable. A single coronary artery has the potential to be dangerous if obstructed at its main stem, or if it branches at an acute angle. Additionally, hypoplasia of one or more coronary arteries has been found to be associated with sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E McConnell
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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48
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Tseng LF, Collins KA. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin differentially modulates morphine- and beta-endorphin-induced antinociception in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 279:39-46. [PMID: 8858973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The experiments were designed to determine the role of pertussis toxin-(PTX) sensitive G-proteins Gi/Go in the brain and spinal cord in antinociception induced by epsilon-opioid receptor agonist beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine. The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intrathecal (i.t.) pretreatment with PTX on antinociception induced by morphine, beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and other selective opioid receptor agonists given i.c.v. or i.t. were studied in male ICR mice. Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. An i.c.v. pretreatment with PTX (0.5 microgram) caused a time- and dose-dependent attenuation of the tail-flick and hot-plate inhibition induced by i.c.v.-challenged morphine-induced antinociception. However, the same pretreatment with PTX did not affect the antinociception induced by i.c.v.-administered beta-EP. The tail-flick and hot-plate inhibition induced by selective mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO, [D-Ala2]deltorphin II and U50,488H, respectively, given i.c.v. was also attenuated by the i.c.v. pretreatment with PTX. An i.t. pretreatment with PTX (0.5 microgram) blocked markedly the tail-flick inhibition induced by morphine and beta-EP given i.c.v. However, the same treatment did not affect the hot-plate inhibition induced by beta-EP and attenuated, to a lesser degree, the hot-plate inhibition induced by morphine given i.c.v. An i.t. pretreatment with PTX blocked the tail-flick inhibition induced by selective delta 2-, alpha 2 and 5-HT receptor agonist [D-Ala2]deltorphin, norepinephrine and 5-HT, respectively, given i.t. Our results indicate that the antinociception induced by mu-, delta-, kappa-opioid receptor agonists given supraspinally is mediated by respectively opioid receptors that are coupled to PTX-sensitive Gi/Go proteins at the supraspinal sites and subsequently mediated by the activation of PTX-sensitive Gi/Go coupled receptors in the spinal cord. However, the antinociception induced by beta-EP given supraspinally is mediated by the PTX-resistant epsilon-opioid receptors at the supraspinal sites and subsequently activation of the delta 2-opioid receptors in the spinal cord that is sensitive to the pretreatment with PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Tseng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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Hess EJ, Collins KA, Wilson MC. Mouse model of hyperkinesis implicates SNAP-25 in behavioral regulation. J Neurosci 1996; 16:3104-11. [PMID: 8622140 PMCID: PMC6579059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hyperkinesis is expressed in several neurological disorders, the biological basis of this phenotype is unknown. The mouse mutant coloboma (Cml+) exhibits profound spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity resulting from a deletion mutation. This deletion encompasses several genes including Snap, which encodes SNAP-25, a nerve terminal protein involved in neurotransmitter release. Administration of amphetamine, a drug that acts presynaptically, markedly reduced the locomotor activity in coloboma mice but increased the activity of control mice implicating presynaptic function in the behavioral abnormality. In contrast, the psychostimulant methylphenidate increased locomotor activity in both coloboma and control mice. When a transgene encoding SNAP-25 was bred into the coloboma strain to complement the Snap deletion, the hyperactivity expressed by these mice was rescued, returning these corrected mice to normal levels of locomotor activity. These results demonstrate that the hyperactivity exhibited by these mice is the result of abnormalities in presynaptic function specifically attributable to deficits in SNAP-25 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hess
- Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, 17033, USA
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50
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The utility of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for the diagnosis of epithelial hepatic neoplasms is now widely recognized. The liver may also play host to malignant nonepithelial stromal and lymphoreticular neoplasms, both metastatic and rarely primary. The cytomorphology of these hepatic tumors in aspiration smears is much less well known. In the current study, we examined FNAB material from hepatic lymphomas, including ancillary studies. STUDY DESIGN We collected 16 cases of lymphoma involving the liver and diagnosed by FNAB. The patients included seven women and nine men, with ages ranging from 34 to 84 years. Nine patients did not have a diagnosis of lymphoma prior to FNAB. In all cases, aspiration smears were stained by both Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou stain. RESULTS Dispersed, monomorphic lymphoid cells were usually numerous, whereas benign hepatocytes were scanty. In addition to the lymphoid appearances of individual cells, helpful clues included the presence of lymphoglandular bodies and the absence of true intercellular cohesion. There were 6 large cell, 3 immunoblastic, 2 small cell, 1 small cell cleaved, 2 mixed cell and 2 unclassified lymphomas in our FNAB series. Immunocytochemical studies were performed on 9 aspirated specimens, flow cytometry on 4 and gene rearrangement on 1. All these ancillary studies supported the cytomorphologic diagnosis of lymphoma, with approximately 90% classified as of B-cell lineage. All seven subsequent histologic examinations were confirmatory. CONCLUSION Other entities that must be considered in the FNAB differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions are nonlymphoreticular small cell neoplasms, inflammatory processes and sinusoidal hematopoietic cells. FNAB with ancillary studies can successfully establish the diagnosis of involvement of the liver by lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Collins
- Department of Pathology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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