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DeSimone JC, Wang W, Loewenstein DA, Duara R, Smith GE, McFarland KN, Armstrong MJ, Weber DM, Barker W, Coombes SA, Vaillancourt DE. Diffusion MRI relates to plasma Aβ42/40 in PET negative participants without dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2830-2842. [PMID: 38441274 PMCID: PMC11032550 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers are needed for indexing early biological stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as plasma amyloid-β (Aβ42/40) positivity in Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) negative individuals. METHODS Diffusion free-water (FW) MRI was acquired in individuals with normal cognition (NC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with Aβ plasma-/PET- (NC = 22, MCI = 60), plasma+/PET- (NC = 5, MCI = 20), and plasma+/PET+ (AD dementia = 21) biomarker status. Gray and white matter FW and fractional anisotropy (FAt) were compared cross-sectionally and the relationships between imaging, plasma and PET biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS Plasma+/PET- demonstrated increased FW (24 regions) and decreased FAt (66 regions) compared to plasma-/PET-. FW (16 regions) and FAt (51 regions) were increased in plasma+/PET+ compared to plasma+/PET-. Composite brain FW correlated with plasma Aβ42/40 and p-tau181. DISCUSSION FW imaging changes distinguish plasma Aβ42/40 positive and negative groups, independent of group differences in cognitive status, Aβ PET status, and other plasma biomarkers (i.e., t-tau, p-tau181, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light). HIGHLIGHTS Plasma Aβ42/40 positivity is associated with brain microstructure decline. Plasma+/PET- demonstrated increased FW in 24 total GM and WM regions. Plasma+/PET- demonstrated decreased FAt in 66 total GM and WM regions. Whole-brain FW correlated with plasma Aβ42/40 and p-tau181 measures. Plasma+/PET- demonstrated decreased cortical volume and thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. DeSimone
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Wei‐en Wang
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David A. Loewenstein
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and AgingUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory DisordersMount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Glenn E. Smith
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Melissa J. Armstrong
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological DiseasesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Darren M. Weber
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols InstituteSan Juan CapistranoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Warren Barker
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory DisordersMount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Stephen A. Coombes
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David E. Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological DiseasesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Weber DM, Taylor SW, Lagier RJ, Kim JC, Goldman SM, Clarke NJ, Vaillancourt DE, Duara R, McFarland KN, Wang WE, Golde TE, Racke MK. Clinical utility of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio by LC-MS/MS in Alzheimer's disease assessment. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1364658. [PMID: 38595851 PMCID: PMC11003272 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1364658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio can help predict amyloid PET status, but its clinical utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessment is unclear. Methods Aβ42/40 ratio was measured by LC-MS/MS for 250 specimens with associated amyloid PET imaging, diagnosis, and demographic data, and for 6,192 consecutive clinical specimens submitted for Aβ42/40 testing. Results High diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for Aβ-PET positivity were observed, consistent with the clinical performance of other plasma LC-MS/MS assays, but with greater separation between Aβ42/40 values for individuals with positive vs. negative Aβ-PET results. Assuming a moderate prevalence of Aβ-PET positivity, a cutpoint was identified with 99% NPV, which could help predict that AD is likely not the cause of patients' cognitive impairment and help reduce PET evaluation by about 40%. Conclusion High-throughput plasma Aβ42/40 LC-MS/MS assays can help identify patients with low likelihood of AD pathology, which can reduce PET evaluations, allowing for cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M. Weber
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Steven W. Taylor
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Robert J. Lagier
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Jueun C. Kim
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Scott M. Goldman
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Nigel J. Clarke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - David E. Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wei-en Wang
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Neurology, Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael K. Racke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
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Moore BD, Ran Y, Goodwin MS, Komatineni K, McFarland KN, Dillon K, Charles C, Ryu D, Liu X, Prokop S, Giasson BI, Golde TE, Levites Y. A C1qTNF3 collagen domain fusion chaperones diverse secreted proteins and anti-Aβ scFvs: Applications for gene therapies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101146. [PMID: 38027063 PMCID: PMC10679951 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing production of protein cargoes delivered by gene therapies can improve efficacy by reducing the amount of vector or simply increasing transgene expression levels. We explored the utility of a 126-amino acid collagen domain (CD) derived from the C1qTNF3 protein as a fusion partner to chaperone secreted proteins, extracellular "decoy receptor" domains, and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Fusions to the CD domain result in multimerization and enhanced levels of secretion of numerous fusion proteins while maintaining functionality. Efficient creation of bifunctional proteins using the CD domain is also demonstrated. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector delivery of the CD with a signal peptide resulted in high-level expression with minimal biological impact as assessed by whole-brain transcriptomics. As a proof-of-concept in vivo study, we evaluated three different anti-amyloid Aβ scFvs (anti-Aβ scFvs), alone or expressed as CD fusions, following viral delivery to neonatal CRND8 mice. The CD fusion increased half-life, expression levels, and improved efficacy for amyloid lowering of a weaker binding anti-Aβ scFv. These studies validate the potential utility of this small CD as a fusion partner for secretory cargoes delivered by gene therapy and demonstrate that it is feasible to use this CD fusion to create biotherapeutic molecules with enhanced avidity or bifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marshall S. Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kavitha Komatineni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Charles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Weber DM, Taylor SW, Lagier RJ, Kim JC, Goldman SM, Clarke NJ, Vaillancourt DE, Duara R, McFarland KN, Wang WE, Golde TE, Racke MK. Clinical utility of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio by LC-MS/MS in Alzheimer's disease assessment. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.12.23299878. [PMID: 38168329 PMCID: PMC10760303 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.23299878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio can be used to help predict amyloid PET status, but its clinical utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessment is unclear. METHODS Aβ42/40 ratio was measured by LC-MS/MS in 250 specimens with associated amyloid PET imaging, diagnosis, and demographic data, and 6,192 consecutive clinical specimens submitted for Aβ42/40 testing. RESULTS High diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for Aβ-PET positivity were observed, consistent with the clinical performance of other plasma LC-MS/MS assays, but with greater separation between Aβ42/40 values for individuals with positive vs negative Aβ-PET results. Assuming a moderate prevalence of Aβ-PET positivity, a cutpoint was identified with 99% NPV, which could help predict that AD is likely not the cause of patients' cognitive impairment and help reduce PET evaluation by about 40%. DISCUSSION Using high-throughput plasma Aβ42/40 LC-MS/MS assays can help reduce PET evaluations in patients with low likelihood of AD pathology, allowing for cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Weber
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
| | - Steven W Taylor
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
| | - Robert J Lagier
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
| | - Jueun C Kim
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
| | - Scott M Goldman
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
| | - Nigel J Clarke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, and 1Florida ADRC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, and 1Florida ADRC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Wei-En Wang
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, and 1Florida ADRC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Department of Neurology Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Goizueta Institute Emory Brain Health, Emory University, School of Medicine. Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Michael K Racke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA
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Curiel Cid RE, Ortega A, Crocco EA, Hincapie D, McFarland KN, Duara R, Vaillancourt D, DeKosky ST, Smith G, Sfakianaki E, Rosselli M, Barker WW, Adjouadi M, Barreto Y, Feito Y, Loewenstein DA. Semantic intrusion errors are associated with plasma Ptau-181 among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment who are amyloid positive. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1179205. [PMID: 37602238 PMCID: PMC10436611 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1179205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Semantic intrusion errors (SI) have distinguished between those with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) who are amyloid positive (A+) versus negative (A-) on positron emission tomography (PET). Method This study examines the association between SI and plasma - based biomarkers. One hundred and twenty-eight participants received SiMoA derived measures of plasma pTau-181, ratio of two amyloid-β peptide fragments (Aβ42/Aβ40), Neurofilament Light protein (NfL), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), ApoE genotyping, and amyloid PET imaging. Results The aMCI A+ (n = 42) group had a higher percentage of ApoE ɛ4 carriers, and greater levels of pTau-181 and SI, than Cognitively Unimpaired (CU) A- participants (n = 25). CU controls did not differ from aMCI A- (n = 61) on plasma biomarkers or ApoE genotype. Logistic regression indicated that ApoE ɛ4 positivity, pTau-181, and SI were independent differentiating predictors (Correct classification = 82.0%; Sensitivity = 71.4%; Specificity = 90.2%) in identifying A+ from A- aMCI cases. Discussion A combination of plasma biomarkers, ApoE positivity and SI had high specificity in identifying A+ from A- aMCI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie E. Curiel Cid
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Ortega
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Crocco
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diana Hincapie
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glenn Smith
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Efrosyni Sfakianaki
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Monica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Warren W. Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Malek Adjouadi
- Center for Advanced Technology and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yarlenis Barreto
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yuleidys Feito
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David A. Loewenstein
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Ibanez KR, McFarland KN, Phillips J, Allen M, Lessard CB, Zobel L, De La Cruz EG, Shah S, Vo Q, Wang X, Quicksall Z, Ryu D, Funk C, Ertekin-Taner N, Prokop S, Golde TE, Chakrabarty P. Deletion of Abi3/Gngt2 influences age-progressive amyloid β and tau pathologies in distinctive ways. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:104. [PMID: 35897046 PMCID: PMC9327202 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The S209F variant of Abelson Interactor Protein 3 (ABI3) increases risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about its function in relation to AD pathogenesis. METHODS Here, we use a mouse model that is deficient in Abi3 locus to study how the loss of function of Abi3 impacts two cardinal neuropathological hallmarks of AD-amyloid β plaques and tau pathology. Our study employs extensive neuropathological and transcriptomic characterization using transgenic mouse models and adeno-associated virus-mediated gene targeting strategies. RESULTS Analysis of bulk RNAseq data confirmed age-progressive increase in Abi3 levels in rodent models of AD-type amyloidosis and upregulation in AD patients relative to healthy controls. Using RNAscope in situ hybridization, we localized the cellular distribution of Abi3 in mouse and human brains, finding that Abi3 is expressed in both microglial and non-microglial cells. Next, we evaluated Abi3-/- mice and document that both Abi3 and its overlapping gene, Gngt2, are disrupted in these mice. Using multiple transcriptomic datasets, we show that expression of Abi3 and Gngt2 are tightly correlated in rodent models of AD and human brains, suggesting a tight co-expression relationship. RNAseq of the Abi3-Gngt2-/- mice revealed upregulation of Trem2, Plcg2, and Tyrobp, concomitant with induction of an AD-associated neurodegenerative signature, even in the absence of AD-typical neuropathology. In APP mice, loss of Abi3-Gngt2 resulted in a gene dose- and age-dependent reduction in Aβ deposition. Additionally, in Abi3-Gngt2-/- mice, expression of a pro-aggregant form of human tau exacerbated tauopathy and astrocytosis. Further, using in vitro culture assays, we show that the AD-associated S209F mutation alters the extent of ABI3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These data provide an important experimental framework for understanding the role of Abi3-Gngt2 function and early inflammatory gliosis in AD. Our studies also demonstrate that inflammatory gliosis could have opposing effects on amyloid and tau pathology, highlighting the unpredictability of targeting immune pathways in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Ibanez
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Christian B Lessard
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lillian Zobel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Elsa Gonzalez De La Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shivani Shah
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zachary Quicksall
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Daniel Ryu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Cory Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Gonzalez De La Cruz E, Vo Q, Moon K, McFarland KN, Weinrich M, Williams T, Giasson BI, Chakrabarty P. MhcII Regulates Transmission of α-Synuclein-Seeded Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8175. [PMID: 35897751 PMCID: PMC9332117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MHCII molecules, expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as T cells and B cells, are hypothesized to play a key role in the response of cellular immunity to α-synuclein (α-syn). However, the role of cellular immunity in the neuroanatomic transmission of α-syn pre-formed fibrillar (PFF) seeds is undetermined. To illuminate whether cellular immunity influences the transmission of α-syn seeds from the periphery into the CNS, we injected preformed α-syn PFFs in the hindlimb of the Line M83 transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathy lacking MhcII. We showed that a complete deficiency in MhcII accelerated the appearance of seeded α-syn pathology and shortened the lifespan of the PFF-seeded M83 mice. To characterize whether B-cell and T-cell inherent MhcII function underlies this accelerated response to PFF seeding, we next injected α-syn PFFs in Rag1-/- mice which completely lacked these mature lymphocytes. There was no alteration in the lifespan or burden of endstage α-syn pathology in the PFF-seeded, Rag1-deficient M83+/- mice. Together, these results suggested that MhcII function on immune cells other than these classical APCs is potentially involved in the propagation of α-syn in this model of experimental synucleinopathy. We focused on microglia next, finding that while microglial burden was significantly upregulated in PFF-seeded, MhcII-deficient mice relative to controls, the microglial activation marker Cd68 was reduced in these mice, suggesting that these microglia were not responsive. Additional analysis of the CNS showed the early appearance of the neurotoxic astrocyte A1 signature and the induction of the Ifnγ-inducible anti-viral response mediated by MhcI in the MhcII-deficient, PFF-seeded mice. Overall, our data suggest that the loss of MhcII function leads to a dysfunctional response in non-classical APCs and that this response could potentially play a role in determining PFF-induced pathology. Collectively, our results identify the critical role of MhcII function in synucleinopathies induced by α-syn prion seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Gonzalez De La Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
| | - Katie Moon
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mary Weinrich
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
| | - Tristan Williams
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.G.D.L.C.); (Q.V.); (K.M.); (K.N.M.); (M.W.); (T.W.); (B.I.G.)
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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8
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Koller EJ, Ibanez KR, Vo Q, McFarland KN, De La Cruz EG, Zobel L, Williams T, Xu G, Ryu D, Patel P, Giasson BI, Prokop S, Chakrabarty P. Combinatorial model of amyloid β and tau reveals synergy between amyloid deposits and tangle formation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12779. [PMID: 34825397 PMCID: PMC8810717 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To illuminate the pathological synergy between Aβ and tau leading to emergence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), here, we have performed a comparative neuropathological study utilising three distinctive variants of human tau (WT tau, P301L mutant tau and S320F mutant tau). Previously, in non-transgenic mice, we showed that WT tau or P301L tau does not form NFT while S320F tau can spontaneously aggregate into NFT, allowing us to test the selective vulnerability of these different tau conformations to the presence of Aβ plaques. METHODS We injected recombinant AAV-tau constructs into neonatal APP transgenic TgCRND8 mice or into 3-month-old TgCRND8 mice; both cohorts were aged 3 months post injection. This allowed us to test how different tau variants synergise with soluble forms of Aβ (pre-deposit cohort) or with frank Aβ deposits (post-deposit cohort). RESULTS Expression of WT tau did not produce NFT or altered Aβ in either cohort. In the pre-deposit cohort, S320F tau induced Aβ plaque deposition, neuroinflammation and synaptic abnormalities, suggesting that early tau tangles affect the amyloid cascade. In the post-deposit cohort, contemporaneous expression of S320F tau did not exacerbate amyloid pathology, showing a dichotomy in Aβ-tau synergy based on the nature of Aβ. P301L tau produced NFT-type inclusions in the post-deposit cohort, but not in the pre-deposit cohort, indicating pathological synergy with pre-existing Aβ deposits. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that different tau mutations representing specific folding variants of tau synergise with Aβ to different extents, depending on the presence of cerebral deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristen R Ibanez
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elsa Gonzalez De La Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lillian Zobel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tristan Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daniel Ryu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Preya Patel
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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9
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McFarland KN, Chakrabarty P. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:186-208. [PMID: 35286658 PMCID: PMC9130399 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune activation accompanies the development of proteinopathy in the brains of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Evolving from the long-held viewpoint that immune activation triggers the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease, there is accumulating evidence now that microglial activation is neither pro-amyloidogenic nor just a simple reactive process to the proteinopathy. Preclinical studies highlight an interesting aspect of immunity, i.e., spurring immune system activity may be beneficial under certain circumstances. Indeed, a dynamic evolving relationship between different activation states of the immune system and its neuronal neighbors is thought to regulate overall brain organ health in both healthy aging and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. A new premise evolving from genome, transcriptome, and proteome data is that there might be at least two major phases of immune activation that accompany the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease. Though activation on a chronic scale will certainly lead to neurodegeneration, this emerging knowledge of a potential beneficial aspect of immune activation allows us to form holistic insights into when, where, and how much immune system activity would need to be tuned to impact the Alzheimer's neurodegenerative cascade. Even with the trove of recently emerging -omics data from patients and preclinical models, how microglial phenotypes are functionally related to the transition of a healthy aging brain towards progressive degenerative state remains unknown. A deeper understanding of the synergism between microglial functional states and brain organ health could help us discover newer interventions and therapies that enable us to address the current paucity of disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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10
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McFarland KN, Ceballos C, Rosario A, Ladd T, Moore B, Golde G, Wang X, Allen M, Ertekin-Taner N, Funk CC, Robinson M, Baloni P, Rappaport N, Chakrabarty P, Golde TE. Microglia show differential transcriptomic response to Aβ peptide aggregates ex vivo and in vivo. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/7/e202101108. [PMID: 34127518 PMCID: PMC8321667 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology. To study microglial responses to Aβ, we applied exogenous Aβ peptide, in either oligomeric or fibrillar conformation, to primary mouse microglial cultures and evaluated system-level transcriptional changes and then compared these with transcriptomic changes in the brains of CRND8 APP mice. We find that primary microglial cultures have rapid and massive transcriptional change in response to Aβ. Transcriptomic responses to oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ in primary microglia, although partially overlapping, are distinct and are not recapitulated in vivo where Aβ progressively accumulates. Furthermore, although classic immune mediators show massive transcriptional changes in the primary microglial cultures, these changes are not observed in the mouse model. Together, these data extend previous studies which demonstrate that microglia responses ex vivo are poor proxies for in vivo responses. Finally, these data demonstrate the potential utility of using microglia as biosensors of different aggregate conformation, as the transcriptional responses to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ can be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Awilda Rosario
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda Moore
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Griffin Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Levites Y, Funk C, Wang X, Chakrabarty P, McFarland KN, Bramblett B, O'Neal V, Liu X, Ladd T, Robinson M, Allen M, Carrasquillo MM, Dickson D, Cruz P, Ryu D, Li HD, Price ND, Ertekin-Taner NI, Golde TE. Modulating innate immune activation states impacts the efficacy of specific Aβ immunotherapy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:32. [PMID: 33957936 PMCID: PMC8103631 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Passive immunotherapies targeting Aβ continue to be evaluated as Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics, but there remains debate over the mechanisms by which these immunotherapies work. Besides the amount of preexisting Aβ deposition and the type of deposit (compact or diffuse), there is little data concerning what factors, independent of those intrinsic to the antibody, might influence efficacy. Here we (i) explored how constitutive priming of the underlying innate activation states by Il10 and Il6 might influence passive Aβ immunotherapy and (ii) evaluated transcriptomic data generated in the AMP-AD initiative to inform how these two cytokines and their receptors' mRNA levels are altered in human AD and an APP mouse model. METHODS rAAV2/1 encoding EGFP, Il6 or Il10 were delivered by somatic brain transgenesis to neonatal (P0) TgCRND8 APP mice. Then, at 2 months of age, the mice were treated bi-weekly with a high-affinity anti-Aβ1-16 mAb5 monoclonal antibody or control mouse IgG until 6 months of age. rAAV mediated transgene expression, amyloid accumulation, Aβ levels and gliosis were assessed. Extensive transcriptomic data was used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of IL10 and IL6 and their receptors in the postmortem human AD temporal cortex and in the brains of TgCRND8 mice, the later at multiple ages. RESULTS Priming TgCRND8 mice with Il10 increases Aβ loads and blocks efficacy of subsequent mAb5 passive immunotherapy, whereas priming with Il6 priming reduces Aβ loads by itself and subsequent Aβ immunotherapy shows only a slightly additive effect. Transcriptomic data shows that (i) there are significant increases in the mRNA levels of Il6 and Il10 receptors in the TgCRND8 mouse model and temporal cortex of humans with AD and (ii) there is a great deal of variance in individual mouse brain and the human temporal cortex of these interleukins and their receptors. CONCLUSIONS The underlying immune activation state can markedly affect the efficacy of passive Aβ immunotherapy. These results have important implications for ongoing human AD immunotherapy trials, as they indicate that underlying immune activation states within the brain, which may be highly variable, may influence the ability for passive immunotherapy to alter Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Cory Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, WA, 98109, Seattle, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Baxter Bramblett
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Veronica O'Neal
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Xufei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Max Robinson
- Institute for Systems Biology, WA, 98109, Seattle, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA
| | - Hong-Dong Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | | | - NIlüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, FL, 32611, Gainesville, USA.
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12
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Rodríguez-Labrada R, Martins AC, Magaña JJ, Vazquez-Mojena Y, Medrano-Montero J, Fernandez-Ruíz J, Cisneros B, Teive H, McFarland KN, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Cerecedo-Zapata CM, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Velázquez-Pérez L, Jardim LB. Founder Effects of Spinocerebellar Ataxias in the American Continents and the Caribbean. Cerebellum 2021; 19:446-458. [PMID: 32086717 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) comprise a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant disorders. The relative frequency of the different SCA subtypes varies broadly among different geographical and ethnic groups as result of genetic drifts. This review aims to provide an update regarding SCA founders in the American continents and the Caribbean as well as to discuss characteristics of these populations. Clusters of SCAs were detected in Eastern regions of Cuba for SCA2, in South Brazil for SCA3/MJD, and in Southeast regions of Mexico for SCA7. Prevalence rates were obtained and reached 154 (municipality of Báguano, Cuba), 166 (General Câmara, Brazil), and 423 (Tlaltetela, Mexico) patients/100,000 for SCA2, SCA3/MJD, and SCA7, respectively. In contrast, the scattered families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) reported all over North and South Americas have been associated to a common Native American ancestry that may have risen in East Asia and migrated to Americas 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. The comprehensive review showed that for each of these SCAs corresponded at least the development of one study group with a large production of scientific evidence often generalizable to all carriers of these conditions. Clusters of SCA populations in the American continents and the Caribbean provide unusual opportunity to gain insights into clinical and genetic characteristics of these disorders. Furthermore, the presence of large populations of patients living close to study centers can favor the development of meaningful clinical trials, which will impact on therapies and on quality of life of SCA carriers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaimeé Vazquez-Mojena
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Juan Fernandez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helio Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80240-440, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - César M Cerecedo-Zapata
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
- Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion Center of Veracruz (CRIS-DIF), Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Program of Neuroscience, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba.
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, 10100, La Havana, Cuba.
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
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13
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Lloyd GM, Trejo-Lopez JA, Xia Y, McFarland KN, Lincoln SJ, Ertekin-Taner N, Giasson BI, Yachnis AT, Prokop S. Prominent amyloid plaque pathology and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in APP V717I (London) carrier - phenotypic variability in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:31. [PMID: 32164763 PMCID: PMC7068954 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mutations associated with familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has brought imperative insights into basic mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and progression and has allowed researchers to create animal models that assist in the elucidation of the molecular pathways and development of therapeutic interventions. Position 717 in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a hotspot for mutations associated with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) and the valine to isoleucine amino acid substitution (V717I) at this position was among the first ADAD mutations identified, spearheading the formulation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. While this mutation is well described in multiple kindreds and has served as the basis for the generation of widely used animal models of disease, neuropathologic data on patients carrying this mutation are scarce. Here we present the detailed clinical and neuropathologic characterization of an APP V717I carrier, which reveals important novel insights into the phenotypic variability of ADAD cases. While age at onset, clinical presentation and widespread parenchymal beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition are in line with previous reports, our case also shows widespread and severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This patient also presented with TDP-43 pathology in the hippocampus and amygdala, consistent with limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 proteinopathy (LATE). The APOE ε2/ε3 genotype may have been a major driver of the prominent vascular pathology seen in our case. These findings highlight the importance of neuropathologic examinations of genetically determined AD cases and demonstrate striking phenotypic variability in ADAD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Lloyd
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jorge A Trejo-Lopez
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yuxing Xia
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah J Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Anthony T Yachnis
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Sorrentino ZA, Goodwin MS, Riffe CJ, Dhillon JKS, Xia Y, Gorion KM, Vijayaraghavan N, McFarland KN, Golbe LI, Yachnis AT, Giasson BI. Unique α-synuclein pathology within the amygdala in Lewy body dementia: implications for disease initiation and progression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:142. [PMID: 31477175 PMCID: PMC6718048 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein α-synuclein (αsyn) forms pathologic aggregates in a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is unclear why diseases such as LBD may develop widespread αsyn pathology, while in Alzheimer's disease with amygdala restricted Lewy bodies (AD/ALB) the αsyn aggregates remain localized. The amygdala contains αsyn aggregates in both LBD and in AD/ALB; to understand why αsyn pathology continues to progress in LBD but not in AD/ALB, tissue from the amygdala and other regions were obtained from 14 cases of LBD, 9 cases of AD/ALB, and 4 controls for immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization. Utilizing a panel of previously characterized αsyn antibodies, numerous unique pathologies differentiating LBD and AD/ALB were revealed; particularly the presence of dense neuropil αsyn aggregates, astrocytic αsyn, and αsyn-containing dystrophic neurites within senile plaques. Within LBD, these unique pathologies were predominantly present within the amygdala. Biochemically, the amygdala in LBD prominently contained specific carboxy-truncated forms of αsyn which are highly prone to aggregate, suggesting that the amygdala may be prone to initiate development of αsyn pathology. Similar to carboxy-truncated αsyn, it was demonstrated herein that the presence of aggregation prone A53T αsyn is sufficient to drive misfolding of wild-type αsyn in human disease. Overall, this study identifies within the amygdala in LBD the presence of unique strain-like variation in αsyn pathology that may be a determinant of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Sorrentino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Marshall S Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Cara J Riffe
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jess-Karan S Dhillon
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yuxing Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kimberly-Marie Gorion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Niran Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lawrence I Golbe
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Anthony T Yachnis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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15
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Futch HS, McFarland KN, Moore BD, Kuhn MZ, Giasson BI, Ladd TB, Scott KA, Shapiro MR, Nosacka RL, Goodwin MS, Ran Y, Cruz PE, Ryu DH, Croft CL, Levites Y, Janus C, Chakrabarty P, Judge AR, Brusko TM, de Kloet AD, Krause EG, Golde TE. An anti-CRF antibody suppresses the HPA axis and reverses stress-induced phenotypes. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2479-2491. [PMID: 31467037 PMCID: PMC6829597 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-affinity monoclonal antibody (CTRND05) targeting corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) blocks stress-induced corticosterone increases, counteracts effects of chronic variable stress, and induces other phenotypes consistent with suppression of the HPA axis. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction contributes to numerous human diseases and disorders. We developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody, CTRND05, targeting corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). In mice, CTRND05 blocks stress-induced corticosterone increases, counteracts effects of chronic variable stress, and induces other phenotypes consistent with suppression of the HPA axis. CTRND05 induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and increases lean body mass, effects not previously reported with small-molecule HPA-targeting pharmacologic agents. Multiorgan transcriptomics demonstrates broad HPA axis target engagement through altering levels of known HPA-responsive transcripts such as Fkbp5 and Myostatin and reveals novel HPA-responsive pathways such as the Apelin-Apelin receptor system. These studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CTRND05 as a suppressor of the HPA axis and serve as an exemplar of a potentially broader approach to target neuropeptides with immunotherapies, as both pharmacologic tools and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Futch
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Karen N McFarland
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brenda D Moore
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - M Zino Kuhn
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas B Ladd
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Karen A Scott
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Melanie R Shapiro
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rachel L Nosacka
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Marshall S Goodwin
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yong Ran
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Pedro E Cruz
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel H Ryu
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Cara L Croft
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yona Levites
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christopher Janus
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Annette D de Kloet
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Eric G Krause
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd E Golde
- McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Zhang L, McFarland KN, Subramony SH, Heilman KM, Ashizawa T. Correction to: SPG7 and Impaired Emotional Communication. Cerebellum 2017; 16:991. [PMID: 29181771 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an incorrect assignment of affiliations of Linwei Zhang and Tetsuo Ashizawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zhang
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Neuroscience Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, R11-117, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Karen N McFarland
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kenneth M Heilman
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Neuroscience Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, R11-117, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, R11-117, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The goal of this report is to describe the genetic mutations of a patient with cerebellar degeneration who had ataxia and impaired emotional communication that led to damage of family relationships. We extracted genomic DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes and performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in this patient and his unaffected parents and siblings. Found mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in each individual. We found compound heterozygous mutations in the paraplegin (SPG7) gene. One mutated allele has been previously described as a disease-causing missense mutation for spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) (c.1529C > T, p.Ala510Val). The second mutated allele involved a single nucleotide deletion which results in a frameshift in the coding sequence (c.2271delG, p.Met757fs*65). The second allele is similar to, but unique from, other described, SPG7-linked truncation mutations. The abnormal emotional communication in this patient broadens the phenotypic boundary of SPG7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zhang
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Neuroscience Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, R11-117, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kenneth M Heilman
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, R11-117, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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18
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Schüle B, McFarland KN, Lee K, Tsai YC, Nguyen KD, Sun C, Liu M, Byrne C, Gopi R, Huang N, Langston JW, Clark T, Gil FJJ, Ashizawa T. Parkinson's disease associated with pure ATXN10 repeat expansion. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2017; 3:27. [PMID: 28890930 PMCID: PMC5585403 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-017-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Large, non-coding pentanucleotide repeat expansions of ATTCT in intron 9 of the ATXN10 gene typically cause progressive spinocerebellar ataxia with or without seizures and present neuropathologically with Purkinje cell loss resulting in symmetrical cerebellar atrophy. These ATXN10 repeat expansions can be interrupted by sequence motifs which have been attributed to seizures and are likely to act as genetic modifiers. We identified a Mexican kindred with multiple affected family members with ATXN10 expansions. Four affected family members showed clinical features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10). However, one affected individual presented with early-onset levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, and one family member carried a large repeat ATXN10 expansion, but was clinically unaffected. To characterize the ATXN10 repeat, we used a novel technology of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9-based capture. We sequenced the entire span of ~5.3-7.0 kb repeat expansions. The Parkinson's patient carried an ATXN10 expansion with no repeat interruption motifs as well as an unaffected sister. In the siblings with typical SCA10, we found a repeat pattern of ATTCC repeat motifs that have not been associated with seizures previously. Our data suggest that the absence of repeat interruptions is likely a genetic modifier for the clinical presentation of l-Dopa responsive parkinsonism, whereas repeat interruption motifs contribute clinically to epilepsy. Repeat interruptions are important genetic modifiers of the clinical phenotype in SCA10. Advanced sequencing techniques now allow to better characterize the underlying genetic architecture for determining accurate phenotype-genotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Schüle
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA 94028 USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kelsey Lee
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA 94028 USA
| | | | | | - Chao Sun
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Mei Liu
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Christie Byrne
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA 94028 USA
| | - Ramesh Gopi
- Silicon Valley Diagnostic Imaging, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA
| | - Neng Huang
- Valley Parkinson Clinic, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA
| | | | - Tyson Clark
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus R McFarland
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville2Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville3McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville2Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville3McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville3McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville4Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
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20
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Landrian I, McFarland KN, Liu J, Mulligan CJ, Rasmussen A, Ashizawa T. Inheritance patterns of ATCCT repeat interruptions in spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) expansions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175958. [PMID: 28423040 PMCID: PMC5397023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10), an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia disorder, is caused by a non-coding ATTCT microsatellite repeat expansion in the ataxin 10 gene. In a subset of SCA10 families, the 5’-end of the repeat expansion contains a complex sequence of penta- and heptanucleotide interruption motifs which is followed by a pure tract of tandem ATCCT repeats of unknown length at its 3’-end. Intriguingly, expansions that carry these interruption motifs correlate with an epileptic seizure phenotype and are unstable despite the theory that interruptions are expected to stabilize expanded repeats. To examine the apparent contradiction of unstable, interruption-positive SCA10 expansion alleles and to determine whether the instability originates outside of the interrupted region, we sequenced approximately 1 kb of the 5’-end of SCA10 expansions using the ATCCT-PCR product in individuals across multiple generations from four SCA10 families. We found that the greatest instability within this region occurred in paternal transmissions of the allele in stretches of pure ATTCT motifs while the intervening interrupted sequences were stable. Overall, the ATCCT interruption changes by only one to three repeat units and therefore cannot account for the instability across the length of the disease allele. We conclude that the AT-rich interruptions locally stabilize the SCA10 expansion at the 5’-end but do not completely abolish instability across the entire span of the expansion. In addition, analysis of the interruption alleles across these families support a parsimonious single origin of the mutation with a shared distant ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Landrian
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jilin Liu
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Connie J. Mulligan
- Department of Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (ARHSP) with thin corpus callosum (TCC) is a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, characterized by progressive spastic paraplegia, weakness of the lower extremities and is usually accompanied by mental retardation. Mutations in the Spastic Paraplegia gene 11 (SPG11) account for a large proportion of ARHSP-TCC cases worldwide. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a Chinese family with ARHSP-TCC. Two daughters of this family presented with a spastic gait and cognitive impairment. Brain imaging of the index patient revealed a thin corpus callosum. We performed detailed physical and auxiliary examinations and were able to exclude acquired causes of spastic paraplegia. To determine the causative mutation, we took a candidate gene approach and screened the coding sequence and some flanking intronic sequence of SPG11 by direct Sanger sequencing. We identified two novel compound heterozygous mutations in SPG11 in affected individuals (c.1551_1552delTT, p.Cys518SerfsTer39 and c.5867-1G > T (IVS30-1G > T), p.Thr1956ArgfsTer15). Bioinformatic analysis predicts that these mutations would lead to a loss of protein function due to the truncation of the SPG11 protein. CONCLUSIONS The results of this case report indicate a broader approach to include screening for SPG11 mutations in ARHSP-TCC patients. Our findings enrich the phenotypic spectrum of SPG11 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, 100029, Beijing, China.,McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Karen N McFarland
- McKnight Brain Institute and the Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Jiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Jiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Schmidt HD, McFarland KN, Darnell SB, Huizenga MN, Sangrey GR, Cha JHJ, Pierce RC, Sadri-Vakili G. ADAR2-dependent GluA2 editing regulates cocaine seeking. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1460-6. [PMID: 25349168 PMCID: PMC4412769 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in the nucleus accumbens is necessary for the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, an animal model of drug craving and relapse. AMPARs are tetrameric protein complexes that consist of GluA1-4 subunits, of which GluA2 imparts calcium permeability. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) is a nuclear enzyme that is essential for editing GluA2 pre-mRNA at Q/R site 607. Unedited GluA2(Q) subunits form calcium-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), whereas edited GluA2(R) subunits form calcium-impermeable channels (CI-AMPARs). Emerging evidence suggests that the reinstatement of cocaine seeking is associated with increased synaptic expression of CP-AMPARs in the nucleus accumbens. However, the role of GluA2 Q/R site editing and ADAR2 in cocaine seeking is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of forced cocaine abstinence on GluA2 Q/R site editing and ADAR2 expression in the nucleus accumbens. Our results demonstrate that 7 days of cocaine abstinence is associated with decreased GluA2 Q/R site editing and reduced ADAR2 expression in the accumbens shell, but not core, of cocaine-experienced rats compared with yoked saline controls. To examine the functional significance of ADAR2 and GluA2 Q/R site editing in cocaine seeking, we used viral-mediated gene delivery to overexpress ADAR2b in the accumbens shell. Increased ADAR2b expression in the shell attenuated cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking and was associated with increased GluA2 Q/R site editing and surface expression of GluA2-containing AMPARs. Taken together, these findings support the novel hypothesis that an increased contribution of accumbens shell CP-AMPARs containing unedited GluA2(Q) promotes cocaine seeking. Therefore, CP-AMPARs containing unedited GluA2(Q) represent a novel target for cocaine addiction pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Schmidt
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S B Darnell
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M N Huizenga
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G R Sangrey
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R C Pierce
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Sadri-Vakili
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang K, McFarland KN, Liu J, Zeng D, Landrian I, Xia G, Hao Y, Jin M, Mulligan CJ, Gu W, Ashizawa T. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 in Chinese Han. Neurol Genet 2015; 1:e26. [PMID: 27066563 PMCID: PMC4809459 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10; OMIM #603516) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with variably associated extracerebellar signs.(1,2) SCA10 is caused by an expanded noncoding pentanucleotide repeat in ATXN10, which normally ranges from 9 to 32 repeats(3,4); pathogenic alleles have as many as 4,500 repeats.(4) To date, SCA10 has been found exclusively on American continents. In this report, we describe a Chinese Han family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by an SCA10 expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jilin Liu
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Desmond Zeng
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ivette Landrian
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Miao Jin
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Connie J Mulligan
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Weihong Gu
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology (K.W., Y.H., M.J., W.G.), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; and Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute (K.N.M., J.L., D.Z., I.L., G.X., T.A.) and Department of Anthropology and Genetics Institute (C.J.M.), University of Florida, Gainesville
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McFarland KN, Liu J, Landrian I, Godiska R, Shanker S, Yu F, Farmerie WG, Ashizawa T. SMRT Sequencing of Long Tandem Nucleotide Repeats in SCA10 Reveals Unique Insight of Repeat Expansion Structure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135906. [PMID: 26295943 PMCID: PMC4546671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A large, non-coding ATTCT repeat expansion causes the neurodegenerative disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10). In a subset of SCA10 patients, interruption motifs are present at the 5’ end of the expansion and strongly correlate with epileptic seizures. Thus, interruption motifs are a predictor of the epileptic phenotype and are hypothesized to act as a phenotypic modifier in SCA10. Yet, the exact internal sequence structure of SCA10 expansions remains unknown due to limitations in current technologies for sequencing across long extended tracts of tandem nucleotide repeats. We used the third generation sequencing technology, Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing, to obtain full-length contiguous expansion sequences, ranging from 2.5 to 4.4 kb in length, from three SCA10 patients with different clinical presentations. We obtained sequence spanning the entire length of the expansion and identified the structure of known and novel interruption motifs within the SCA10 expansion. The exact interruption patterns in expanded SCA10 alleles will allow us to further investigate the potential contributions of these interrupting sequences to the pathogenic modification leading to the epilepsy phenotype in SCA10. Our results also demonstrate that SMRT sequencing is useful for deciphering long tandem repeats that pose as “gaps” in the human genome sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N. McFarland
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Jilin Liu
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Ivette Landrian
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Ronald Godiska
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin, 53562, United States of America
| | - Savita Shanker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - William G. Farmerie
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Matilla-Dueñas A, Ashizawa T, Brice A, Magri S, McFarland KN, Pandolfo M, Pulst SM, Riess O, Rubinsztein DC, Schmidt J, Schmidt T, Scoles DR, Stevanin G, Taroni F, Underwood BR, Sánchez I. Consensus paper: pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias. Cerebellum 2014; 13:269-302. [PMID: 24307138 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-013-0539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intensive scientific research devoted in the recent years to understand the molecular mechanisms or neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are identifying new pathways and targets providing new insights and a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in these diseases. In this consensus manuscript, the authors discuss their current views on the identified molecular processes causing or modulating the neurodegenerative phenotype in spinocerebellar ataxias with the common opinion of translating the new knowledge acquired into candidate targets for therapy. The following topics are discussed: transcription dysregulation, protein aggregation, autophagy, ion channels, the role of mitochondria, RNA toxicity, modulators of neurodegeneration and current therapeutic approaches. Overall point of consensus includes the common vision of neurodegeneration in SCAs as a multifactorial, progressive and reversible process, at least in early stages. Specific points of consensus include the role of the dysregulation of protein folding, transcription, bioenergetics, calcium handling and eventual cell death with apoptotic features of neurons during SCA disease progression. Unresolved questions include how the dysregulation of these pathways triggers the onset of symptoms and mediates disease progression since this understanding may allow effective treatments of SCAs within the window of reversibility to prevent early neuronal damage. Common opinions also include the need for clinical detection of early neuronal dysfunction, for more basic research to decipher the early neurodegenerative process in SCAs in order to give rise to new concepts for treatment strategies and for the translation of the results to preclinical studies and, thereafter, in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matilla-Dueñas
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Ctra. de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,
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Leonardi L, Marcotulli C, McFarland KN, Tessa A, DiFabio R, Santorelli FM, Pierelli F, Ashizawa T, Casali C. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 in Peru: the missing link in the Amerindian origin of the disease. J Neurol 2014; 261:1691-4. [PMID: 24935856 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder manifested by ataxia with a variable presentation of epileptic seizures, which is caused by a large expansion of an intronic ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat in ATXN10 on 22q13.3. Herein, we report the first description of SCA10 in a Peruvian family, supporting the Amerindian origin of SCA10 and the Panamerican geographical distribution of the disease in North, Central and South America. Moreover, the presence of an interruption motif in the SCA10 expansion along with epileptic seizures in this family supports the correlation between the two, as seen in other families. Finally, this is the first SCA10 patient ever observed outside of America, specifically in Italy. Since this patient is a Peruvian immigrant of Amerindian ancestry, our case report highlights the growing need for awareness amongst clinicians of seemingly geographically restricted rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Leonardi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
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McFarland KN, Liu J, Landrian I, Zeng D, Raskin S, Moscovich M, Gatto EM, Ochoa A, Teive HAG, Rasmussen A, Ashizawa T. Repeat interruptions in spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 expansions are strongly associated with epileptic seizures. Neurogenetics 2013; 15:59-64. [PMID: 24318420 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-013-0385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, is the result of a non-coding, pentanucleotide repeat expansion within intron 9 of the Ataxin 10 gene. SCA10 patients present with pure cerebellar ataxia; yet, some families also have a high incidence of epilepsy. SCA10 expansions containing penta- and heptanucleotide interruption motifs, termed "ATCCT interruptions," experience large contractions during germline transmission, particularly in paternal lineages. At the same time, these alleles confer an earlier age at onset which contradicts traditional rules of genetic anticipation in repeat expansions. Previously, ATCCT interruptions have been associated with a higher prevalence of epileptic seizures in one Mexican-American SCA10 family. In a large cohort of SCA10 families, we analyzed whether ATCCT interruptions confer a greater risk for developing seizures in these families. Notably, we find that the presence of repeat interruptions within the SCA10 expansion confers a 6.3-fold increase in the risk of an SCA10 patient developing epilepsy (6.2-fold when considering patients of Mexican ancestry only) and a 13.7-fold increase in having a positive family history of epilepsy (10.5-fold when considering patients of Mexican ancestry only). We conclude that the presence of repeat interruptions in SCA10 repeat expansion indicates a significant risk for the epilepsy phenotype and should be considered during genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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28
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Xia G, McFarland KN, Wang K, Sarkar PS, Yachnis AT, Ashizawa T. Purkinje cell loss is the major brain pathology of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:1409-11. [PMID: 23813740 PMCID: PMC3923576 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-305080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, , Gainesville, Florida, USA
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29
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McFarland KN, Huizenga MN, Darnell SB, Sangrey GR, Berezovska O, Cha JHJ, Outeiro TF, Sadri-Vakili G. MeCP2: a novel Huntingtin interactor. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1036-44. [PMID: 24105466 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation has been proposed to play a major role in the pathology of Huntington's disease (HD). However, the mechanisms that cause selective downregulation of target genes remain unknown. Previous studies have shown that mutant huntingtin (Htt) protein interacts with a number of transcription factors thereby altering transcription. Here we report that Htt directly interacts with methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in mouse and cellular models of HD using complimentary biochemical and Fluorescent Lifetime Imaging to measure Förster Resonance Energy Transfer approaches. Htt-MeCP2 interactions are enhanced in the presence of the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract and are stronger in the nucleus compared with the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we find increased binding of MeCP2 to the promoter of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a gene that is downregulated in HD, in the presence of mutant Htt. Finally, decreasing MeCP2 levels in mutant Htt-expressing cells using siRNA increases BDNF levels, suggesting that MeCP2 downregulates BDNF expression in HD. Taken together, these findings suggest that aberrant interactions between Htt and MeCP2 contribute to transcriptional dysregulation in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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McFarland KN, Das S, Sun TT, Leyfer D, Kim MO, Xia E, Sangrey GR, Kuhn A, Luthi-Carter R, Clark TW, Sadri-Vakili G, Cha JHJ. Genome-Wide Increase in Histone H2A Ubiquitylation in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2013; 2:263-77. [DOI: 10.3233/jhd-130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen N. McFarland
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- MIND Informatics, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ting Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dmitri Leyfer
- MIND Informatics, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mee-Ohk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eva Xia
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gavin R. Sangrey
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre Kuhn
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Timothy W. Clark
- MIND Informatics, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jang-Ho J. Cha
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Abstract
It has been more than 17 years since the causative mutation for Huntington's disease was discovered as the expansion of the triplet repeat in the N-terminal portion of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. In the intervening time, researchers have discovered a great deal about Huntingtin's involvement in a number of cellular processes. However, the role of Huntingtin in the key pathogenic mechanism leading to neurodegeneration in the disease process has yet to be discovered. Here, we review the body of knowledge that has been uncovered since gene discovery and include discussions of the HTT gene, CAG triplet repeat expansion, HTT expression, protein features, posttranslational modifications, and many of its known protein functions and interactions. We also highlight potential pathogenic mechanisms that have come to light in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA.
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Riley BB, Sweet EM, Heck R, Evans A, McFarland KN, Warga RM, Kane DA. Characterization of harpy/Rca1/emi1 mutants: patterning in the absence of cell division. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:828-43. [PMID: 20146251 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized mutations in the early arrest gene, harpy (hrp), and show that they introduce premature stops in the coding region of early mitotic inhibitor1 (Rca1/emi1). In harpy mutants, cells stop dividing during early gastrulation. Lineage analysis confirms that there is little change in cell number after approximately cycle-14. Gross patterning occurs relatively normally, and many organ primordia are produced on time but with smaller numbers of cells. Despite the lack of cell division, some organ systems continue to increase in cell number, suggesting recruitment from surrounding areas. Analysis of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation shows that endoreduplication continues in many cells well past the first day of development, but cells cease endoreduplication once they begin to differentiate and express cell-type markers. Despite relatively normal gross patterning, harpy mutants show several defects in morphogenesis, cell migration and differentiation resulting directly or indirectly from the arrest of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce B Riley
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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McFarland KN, Wilkes SR, Koss SE, Ravichandran KS, Mandell JW. Neural-specific inactivation of ShcA results in increased embryonic neural progenitor apoptosis and microencephaly. J Neurosci 2006; 26:7885-97. [PMID: 16870734 PMCID: PMC6674223 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3524-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain size is precisely regulated during development and involves coordination of neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The adapter protein ShcA transmits signals from receptor tyrosine kinases via MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt signaling pathways. In the CNS, ShcA expression is high during embryonic development but diminishes as cells differentiate and switches to ShcB/Sck/Sli and ShcC/N-Shc/Rai. To directly test ShcA function in brain development, we used Cre/lox technology to express a dominant-negative form of ShcA (ShcFFF) in nestin-expressing neural progenitors. ShcFFF-expressing mice display microencephaly with brain weights reduced to 50% of littermate controls throughout postnatal and adult life. The cerebrum appeared most severely affected, but the gross architecture of the brain is normal. Body weight was mildly affected with a delay in reaching mature weight. At a mechanistic level, the ShcFFF microencephaly phenotype appears to be primarily attributable to elevated apoptosis levels throughout the brain from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to E12, which declined by E14.5. Apoptosis remained at normal basal levels throughout postnatal development. Proliferation indices were not significantly altered in the embryonic neuroepithelium or within the postnatal subventricular zone. In another approach with the same nestin-Cre transgene, conditional deletion of ShcA in mice with a homozygous floxed shc1 locus also showed a similar microencephaly phenotype. Together, these data suggest a critical role for ShcA in neural progenitor survival signaling and in regulating brain size.
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Abstract
The zebrafish epiboly mutants partially block epiboly, the vegetalward movement of the blastoderm around the giant yolk cell. Here, we show that the epiboly mutations are located near the centromere of Linkage Group 7 in a single locus, termed the half baked locus. Nevertheless, except for the similar mutants lawine and avalanche, we find the epiboly traits of each of the alleles to be distinguishable, forming an allelic series. Using in situ analysis, we show that the specification and the formation of the germ layers is unaffected. However, during early gastrulation, convergence movements are slowed in homozygous and zygotic maternal dominant (ZMD) heterozygous mutants, especially in the epiblast layer of the blastoderm. Using triple-mutant analysis with squint and cyclops, we show that ablating involution and hypoblast formation in hab has no effect on the epiboly phenotype on the ventral and lateral sides of the embryo, suggesting that the hypoblast has no role in epiboly. Moreover, the triple mutant enhances the depletion of cells on the dorsal side of the embryo, consistent with the idea that convergence movements are defective. Double-mutant analysis with one-eyed pinhead reveals that hab is necessary in the ectodermal portion of the hatching gland. In ZMD heterozygotes, in addition to the slowing of epiboly, morphogenesis of the neural tube is abnormal, with gaps forming in the midline during segmentation stages; later, ectopic rows of neurons form in the widened spinal cord and hindbrain. Cell transplantation reveals that half baked acts both autonomously and nonautonomously in interactions among cells of the forming neural tube. Together, these results suggest that half baked is necessary within the epiblast for morphogenesis during both epiboly and neurulation and suggest that the mechanisms that drive epiboly possess common elements with those that underlie convergence and extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- University of Virginia Health Systems, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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35
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Abstract
Epiboly, the spreading of the blastoderm over the large yolk cell, is the first morphogenetic movement of the teleost embryo. Examining this movement as a paradigm of vertebrate morphogenesis, we have focused on the epiboly arrest mutant half baked (hab), which segregates as a recessive lethal, including alleles expressing zygotic-maternal dominant (ZMD) effects. Here we show that hab is a mutation in the zebrafish homolog of the adhesion protein E-cadherin. Whereas exclusively recessive alleles of hab produce truncated proteins, dominant alleles all contain transversions in highly conserved amino acids of the extracellular domains, suggesting these alleles produce dominant-negative effects. Antisense oligonucleotides that create specific splicing defects in the hab mRNA phenocopy the recessive phenotypes and, surprisingly, some of the ZMD phenotypes as well. In situ analyses show that during late epiboly hab is expressed in a radial gradient in the non axial epiblast, from high concentrations in the exterior layer of the epiblast to low concentrations in the interior layer of the epiblast. During epiboly, using an asymmetric variant of radial intercalation, epiblast cells from the interior layer sequentially move into the exterior layer and become restricted to that layer; there they participate in subtle cell shape changes that further expand the blastoderm. In hab mutants, when cells intercalate into the exterior layer, they tend to neither change cell shape nor become restricted, and many of these cells 'de-intercalate' and move back into the interior layer. Cell transplantation showed all these defects to be cell-autonomous. Hence, as for the expansion of the mammalian trophoblast at a similar developmental stage, hab/E-cadherin is necessary for the cell rearrangements that spread the teleost blastoderm over the yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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36
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Cox RA, McFarland KN, Sackett PH, Short MT. Correlation of urokinase activity from biopotency and high-performance liquid chromatographic assays. J Chromatogr A 1986; 370:495-500. [PMID: 3818823 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A simpler, less expensive, and faster high-performance liquid chromatographic method was shown to be an alternative to urokinase potency determinations by the Ploug method. Post-elution recovery of the low-molecular-weight form was 104 +/- 2.4% as determined by the Ploug method. Two analysts reported relative standard deviations of 1.6% and 1.1% based on peak height determination of eight replicate injections of a single sample of low-molecular-weight material. Linearity at the same wavelength for low- and high-molecular-weight forms was 0.9999 and 0.9992, respectively, for peak height versus potency.
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