1
|
Cotter E, Pultar F, Riniker S, Altmann KH. Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Reactions of Aliphatic Imines with Isocyanates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304272. [PMID: 38226702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In the context of a project aiming at the replacement of the 3-substituted β-lactam ring in classical β-lactam antibiotics by an N(3)-acyl-1,3-diazetidinone moiety, we have investigated the reaction of isocyanates with imines derived from allyl glycinate and differently substituted propionaldehydes. Imines of aromatic aldehydes with anilines have been reported to react with acyl isocyanates to give 1,3-diazetidinones or 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-ones, via [2+2] or [4+2] cycloaddition, respectively. However, neither of these products was formed with imines derived from allyl glycinate and 2-(mono)methyl propionaldehydes. α,α-Dimethylation of the imine enabled the [4+2] cycloaddition pathway, but the desired 1,3-diazetidinone products were not observed. Surprisingly, the imines obtained from thioesters of 2,2-dimethyl 3-oxo propionic acid reacted with aryl isocyanates or with benzyl isocyanate to give 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-(aryl-/alkylthio)tetrahydropyrimidines, via thiol displacement and re-addition to a putative six-membered iminium intermediate. These experimental results obtained for the reactions could be rationalized by DFT calculations. In addition, we have shown that N(3)-acyl-1,3-diazetidinone and 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-one products can be distinguished based on experimental IR data in combination with theoretical reference spectra employing the IR spectra alignment (IRSA) algorithm. This discrimination was not possible by means of 1 H, 13 C, or 15 N NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cotter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Pultar
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physical Science, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physical Science, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Betschart L, Altmann KH. Total Synthesis of Isoxeniolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315423. [PMID: 38118052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Isoxeniolide A is a highly strained xenicane diterpenoid of marine origin. This natural product is representative for a subfamily of xenicanes incorporating an allylic hydroxy group in the nine-membered ring; members of this xenicane subfamily so far have not been targeted by total synthesis. Herein, we describe the first asymmetric total synthesis of isoxeniolide A. Key to forming the challenging E-configured cyclononene ring was a diastereoselective intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Other important transformations include an enzymatic desymmetrization for absolute stereocontrol, a diastereoselective cuprate addition and the use of a bifunctional vinyl silane building block. Our strategy also permits access to the enantiomer of the natural product and holds potential to access a multitude of xenicane natural products and analogs for structure-activity relationship studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Betschart
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zechner M, Castro Jaramillo CA, Zubler NS, Taddio MF, Mu L, Altmann KH, Krämer SD. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of ABCG2 (BCRP) Inhibitors Derived from Ko143. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6782-6797. [PMID: 37154765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that plays a crucial role in multidrug resistance to antineoplastic drugs. Ko143, an analogue of the natural product fumitremorgin C, is a potent inhibitor of ABCG2 but is rapidly hydrolyzed to an inactive metabolite in vivo. To identify ABCG2 inhibitors with improved metabolic stability, we have assessed a series of Ko143 analogues for their ability to inhibit ABCG2-mediated transport in ABCG2-transduced MDCK II cells and determined the stability of the most potent compounds in liver microsomes. The most promising analogues were evaluated in vivo by positron emission tomography. In vitro, three of the tested analogues were potent ABCG2 inhibitors and stable in microsomes. In vivo, they increased the distribution of the ABCG2/ABCB1 substrate [11C]tariquidar to the brain both in wild-type (with Abcb1a/b transport blocked by tariquidar) and Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. One analogue was more potent than Ko143 in both animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zechner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia A Castro Jaramillo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine S Zubler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco F Taddio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brütsch TM, Cotter E, Lucena-Agell D, Redondo-Horcajo M, Davies C, Pfeiffer B, Pagani S, Berardozzi S, Diaz F, Miller JH, Altmann KH. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of C(13)-Desmethylene-(-)-Zampanolide Analogs. Chemistry 2023:e202300703. [PMID: 37057902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biochemical and cellular profiling of five partially reduced or demethylated analogs of the marine macrolide (-)-zampanolide (ZMP). These analogs were derived from 13-desmethylene-(-)-zampanolide (DM-ZMP), which is an equally potent cancer cell growth inhibitor as ZMP. Key steps in the synthesis of all compounds were the formation of the dioxabicyclo[15.3.1]heneicosane core by an intramolecular HWE reaction (67%-95% yield) and a stereoselective aza-aldol reaction with an (S)-BINOL-derived sorbamide transfer complex, to establish the C(20) stereocenter (24%-71% yield). As the sole exception, for the 5-desmethyl macrocycle, ring-closure relied on macrolactonization; however, elaboration of the macrocyclization product into the corresponding zampanolide analog was unsuccessful. Compared to DM-ZMP, all modifications led to reduced cellular activity and lowered microtubule-binding affinity, albeit to a different extent. For compounds incorporating the reactive enone moiety of ZMP, IC50's for cancer cell growth inhibition varied between 5 nM and 133 nM, compared to 1 nM to 12 nM for DM-ZMP. Reduction of the enone double bond led to a several hundred-fold loss in growth inhibition. The cellular potency of 2,3-dihydro-13-desmethylene zampanolide, as the most potent analog identified, remained within a 9-fold range of that of DM-ZMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Michael Brütsch
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Etienne Cotter
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Institut für Biotechnologie: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Biochemistry, SPAIN
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Biochemistry, SPAIN
| | - Carolina Davies
- Victoria University of Wellington, Bological Sciences, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Sandro Pagani
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Institut für Biotechnologie: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Simone Berardozzi
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Fernando Diaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Biochemistry, SPAIN
| | - John H Miller
- Victoria University of Wellington, Biological Sciences, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Deptm. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10, 8093, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prota AE, Lucena-Agell D, Ma Y, Estevez-Gallego J, Li S, Bargsten K, Josa-Prado F, Altmann KH, Gaillard N, Kamimura S, Mühlethaler T, Gago F, Oliva MA, Steinmetz MO, Fang WS, Díaz JF. Structural insight into the stabilization of microtubules by taxanes. eLife 2023; 12:84791. [PMID: 36876916 PMCID: PMC10049219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a taxane and a first-line chemotherapeutic drug that stabilizes microtubules. While the interaction of paclitaxel with microtubules is well described, the current lack of high-resolution structural information on a tubulin-taxane complex precludes a comprehensive description of the binding determinants that affect the drug's mechanism of action. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the core baccatin III moiety of paclitaxel lacking the C13 side chain in complex with tubulin at 1.9 Å resolution. Based on this information, we engineered two tailor-made taxanes with modified C13 side chains, solved their crystal structures in complex with tubulin, and analyzed their effects along with those of paclitaxel, docetaxel, and baccatin III on the microtubule lattice by X-ray fiber diffraction. We then compared high-resolution structures of ligand-bound tubulin and microtubule complexes with apo forms and used molecular dynamics simulations to understand the consequences of taxane binding to tubulin as well as to simplified protofilament and microtubule-lattice models. Our combined approach sheds light on three mechanistic questions. Firstly, taxanes bind better to microtubules as compared to unassembled tubulin due to a dual structural mechanism: Tubulin assembly is linked to a conformational reorganization of the bM loop, which otherwise occludes ligand access to the taxane site, while the bulky C13 side chains preferentially recognize the microtubule-assembled over the unassembled conformational state of tubulin. Second, the occupancy of the taxane site by a ligand has no influence on the straightness of tubulin protofilaments. Finally, the longitudinal expansion of the microtubule lattices arises from the accommodation of the taxane core within the site, a process that is, however, not related to the microtubule stabilization mechanism of taxanes, as all analogs tested expand the microtubule lattice, despite the fact that one of them, Baccatin III, is biochemically inactive. In conclusion, our combined experimental and computational approach allowed us to describe the tubulin-taxane interaction in atomic detail and assess the structural determinants for binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Structural and Chemical Biology, CSIC-Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuntao Ma
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Estevez-Gallego
- Structural and Chemical Biology, CSIC-Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Katja Bargsten
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Josa-Prado
- Structural and Chemical Biology, CSIC-Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Gaillard
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Shinji Kamimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Federico Gago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Univeristy of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Oliva
- Structural and Chemical Biology, CSIC-Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Structural and Chemical Biology, CSIC-Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bold CP, Lucena-Agell D, Oliva MÁ, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C(13)/C(13')-Bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212190. [PMID: 36281761 PMCID: PMC10107878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe the total synthesis of the macrodiolide C(13)/C(13')-bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z through double inter-/intramolecular Stille cross-coupling of a monomeric vinyl stannane/vinyl iodide precursor to form the macrocycle. The key step in the synthesis of this precursor was a stereoselective aldol reaction of a formal Evans acetate aldol product with crotonaldehyde. As demonstrated by X-ray crystallography, the binding mode of C(13)/C(13')-bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z to tubulin is virtually identical with that of the natural product disorazole Z. Likewise, C(13)/C(13')-bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z inhibits tubulin assembly with at least the same potency as disorazole Z and it appears to be a more potent cell growth inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paul Bold
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Estévez-Gallego J, Álvarez-Bernad B, Pera B, Wullschleger C, Raes O, Menche D, Martínez JC, Lucena-Agell D, Prota AE, Bonato F, Bargsten K, Cornelus J, Giménez-Abián JF, Northcote P, Steinmetz MO, Kamimura S, Altmann KH, Paterson I, Gago F, Van der Eycken J, Díaz JF, Oliva MÁ. Chemical modulation of microtubule structure through the laulimalide/peloruside site. Structure 2023; 31:88-99.e5. [PMID: 36462501 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes are microtubule-stabilizing agents used in the treatment of many solid tumors, but they often involve side effects affecting the peripheral nervous system. It has been proposed that this could be related to structural modifications on the filament upon drug binding. Alternatively, laulimalide and peloruside bind to a different site also inducing stabilization, but they have not been exploited in clinics. Here, we use a combination of the parental natural compounds and derived analogs to unravel the stabilization mechanism through this site. These drugs settle lateral interactions without engaging the M loop, which is part of the key and lock involved in the inter-protofilament contacts. Importantly, these drugs can modulate the angle between protofilaments, producing microtubules of different diameters. Among the compounds studied, we have found some showing low cytotoxicity and able to induce stabilization without compromising microtubule native structure. This opens the window of new applications for microtubule-stabilizing agents beyond cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Estévez-Gallego
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Bernad
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Benet Pera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Christoph Wullschleger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - ETH Zurich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Raes
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Dirk Menche
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Bonato
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Katja Bargsten
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jelle Cornelus
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Juan Francisco Giménez-Abián
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Peter Northcote
- Ferrier Research Institute, University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Shinji Kamimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - ETH Zurich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ian Paterson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Federico Gago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Associated Unit IQM-UAH, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Altmann KH, Zechner M. Synthesis of the Multidrug Reversal Agent Ko143 and its Parent Natural Product Fumitremorgin C. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Deptm. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | - Melanie Zechner
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeckelmann JM, Zaugg J, Morozova V, Müller J, Kantipudi S, Schroeder M, Graff J, Albrecht C, Altmann KH, Gertsch J, Fotiadis D. Structure, Function and Pharmacology of SLC7 Family Members and Homologues. Chimia (Aarau) 2022; 76:1011-1018. [PMID: 38069796 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential components of all living cells serving as building blocks of proteins, as energy source, and as precursors of metabolites and signaling molecules. Amino acid transporters are membrane proteins that mediate the transfer of amino acids across the plasma membrane, and between compartments in cells, different cells and organs. The absence, overexpression or malfunction of specific amino acid transporters have been associated with human disease. One of the projects within the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure was directed at SLC7 family amino acid transporters, with a particular focus on the heteromeric amino acid transporters 4F2hc-LAT1 (SLC3A2-SLC7A5) and 4F2hc-LAT2 (SLC3A2-SLC7A8), and the bacterial homologue AdiC. The project addressed questions of basic research (function and structure), pharmacology (identification of potent inhibitors and activators), and pre-clinical medicine (e.g., physiological role in the placenta) and disease models (e.g., tumor progression) of specific SLC7 family amino acid transporters. This review presents, summarizes and discusses selected main results obtained in this NCCR TransCure project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern
| | - Veronika Morozova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern
| | - Jennifer Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich
| | - Satish Kantipudi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern
| | - Mariana Schroeder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern
| | - Julien Graff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bold CP, Lucena-Agell D, Oliva MÁ, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C(13)/C(13’)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paul Bold
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chenistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Biochemistry SPAIN
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Biochemistry SPAIN
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Biochemistry SPAIN
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Deptm. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Graff J, Müller J, Sadurní A, Rubin M, Cuissa IAC, Keller C, Hartmann M, Singer S, Gertsch J, Altmann KH. The Evaluation of L-Tryptophan Derivatives as Inhibitors of the LType Amino Acid Transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5). ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200308. [PMID: 35895286 PMCID: PMC9545129 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of derivatives of the substrate amino acid l‐tryptophan have been investigated for inhibition of the L‐type amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5), which is an emerging target in anticancer drug discovery. Of the four isomeric 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, or 7‐benzyloxy‐l‐tryptophans, the 5‐substituted derivative was the most potent, with an IC50 of 19 μM for inhibition of [3H]‐l‐leucine uptake into HT‐29 human colon carcinoma cells. The replacement of the carboxy group in 5‐benzyloxy‐l‐tryptophan by a bioisosteric tetrazole moiety led to a complete loss in potency. Likewise, the corresponding tetrazolide derived from l‐tryptophan itself was found to be neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of the transporter. Increasing the steric bulk at the 5‐position, while reasonably well tolerated in some cases, did not result in an improvement in potency. At the same time, none of these derivatives was found to be a substrate for LAT1‐mediated transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Graff
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Jennifer Müller
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chenistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anna Sadurní
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Matthias Rubin
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Claudia Keller
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marco Hartmann
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Simon Singer
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, SWITZERLAND
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, SWITZERLAND
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich, Deptm. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10, 8093, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Frossard TM, Trapp N, Altmann KH. Studies Towards the Total Synthesis of Amycolamicin: A Chiral Auxiliary‐Based Diels‐Alder Approach towards the Decalin Core. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Frossard
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Nils Trapp
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich Deptm. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schneider P, Altmann KH, Schneider G. Generating Bioactive Natural Product-inspired Molecules with Machine Intelligence. Chimia (Aarau) 2022. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The computer-assisted design of new chemical entities has made a leap forward with the development of machine learning models for automated molecule generation. The overarching goal of this conceptual approach is to augment the creativity of medicinal chemists with a machine intelligence. In this Perspective we highlight prospective applications of “de novo” drug design and target prediction, aiming to generate natural product-inspired bioactive compounds from scratch. A virtual chemist transforms pharmacologically active natural products into new, easily synthesizable small molecules with desired properties and activity. Computational activity prediction and automated compound generation offer the possibility to systematically transfer the wealth of pharmaceutically active natural products to synthetic small molecule drug discovery. We present selected prospective examples and dare a forecast into the future of natural product-inspired drug discovery.
Collapse
|
14
|
Marzullo P, Boiarska Z, Pérez-Peña H, Abel AC, Álvarez-Bernad B, Lucena-Agell D, Vasile F, Sironi M, Altmann KH, Prota AE, Díaz JF, Pieraccini S, Passarella D. Maytansinol Derivatives: Side Reactions as a Chance for New Tubulin Binders. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103520. [PMID: 34788896 PMCID: PMC9299702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maytansinol is a valuable precursor for the preparation of maytansine derivatives (known as maytansinoids). Inspired by the intriguing structure of the macrocycle and the success in targeted cancer therapy of the derivatives, we explored the maytansinol acylation reaction. As a result, we were able to obtain a series of derivatives with novel modifications of the maytansine scaffold. We characterized these molecules by docking studies, by a comprehensive biochemical evaluation, and by determination of their crystal structures in complex with tubulin. The results shed further light on the intriguing chemical behavior of maytansinoids and confirm the relevance of this peculiar scaffold in the scenario of tubulin binders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Zlata Boiarska
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Pérez-Peña
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne-Catherine Abel
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Bernad
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sironi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4, HCI H405, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano Pieraccini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Warryn L, Dangy JP, Gersbach P, Gehringer M, Altmann KH, Pluschke G. An Antigen Capture Assay for the Detection of Mycolactone, the Polyketide Toxin of Mycobacterium ulcerans. J Immunol 2021; 206:2753-2762. [PMID: 34031146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycolactone is a cytotoxin responsible for most of the chronic necrotizing pathology of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer). The polyketide toxin consists of a 12-membered lactone ring with a lower O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain and an upper C-linked side chain. Mycolactone is unique to M. ulcerans and an immunological Ag capture assay would represent an important tool for the study of Buruli ulcer pathogenesis and for laboratory diagnosis. When testing sets of mycolactone-specific mouse mAbs, we found that Abs against the hydrophobic lower side chain only bind mycolactone immobilized on a solid support but not when present in solution. This observation supports previous findings that mycolactone forms micellar structures in aqueous solution with the hydrophobic region sequestered into the inner core of the aggregates. Although an Ag capture assay typically requires two Abs that recognize nonoverlapping epitopes, our search for matching pairs of mAbs showed that the same mAb could be used both as capture and as detecting reagent for the detection of the mycolactone aggregates. However, the combination of a core-specific and a core/upper side chain-specific mAb constituted the most sensitive ELISA with a sensitivity in the low nanogram range. The results of a pilot experiment showed that the sensitivity of the assay is sufficient to detect mycolactone in swab samples from Buruli ulcer lesions. Although the described capture ELISA can serve as a tool for research on the biology of mycolactone, the assay system will have to be adapted for use as a diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Warryn
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Philipp Gersbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bold CP, Gut M, Schürmann J, Lucena-Agell D, Gertsch J, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis of Morpholine-Based Analogues of (-)-Zampanolide and Their Biological Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:5936-5943. [PMID: 33078440 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the convergent synthesis of three prototypical examples of a new class of analogues of the complex, cytotoxic marine macrolide (-)-zampanolide that incorporate an embedded N-substituted morpholine moiety in place of the natural tetrahydropyran ring. The final construction of the macrolactone core was based on a high-yielding intramolecular HWE olefination, while the hemiaminal-linked side chain was elaborated through a stereoselective, BINAL-H-mediated addition of (Z,E)-sorbamide to a macrocyclic aldehyde precursor. The synthesis of the common functionalized morpholine building block involved two consecutive epoxide openings with tosylamide and the product of the first opening reaction, respectively, as nucleophiles. Of the three morpholino-zampanolides investigated, the N-acetyl and the N-benzoyl derivatives both exhibited nanomolar antiproliferative activity, thus being essentially equipotent with the natural product. In contrast, the activity of the N-tosyl derivative was significantly reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paul Bold
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Gut
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Schürmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biolόgicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biolόgicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan R, Li Y, Müller J, Zhang Y, Singer S, Xia L, Zhong X, Gertsch J, Altmann KH, Zhou Q. Mechanism of substrate transport and inhibition of the human LAT1-4F2hc amino acid transporter. Cell Discov 2021; 7:16. [PMID: 33758168 PMCID: PMC7988154 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LAT1 (SLC7A5) is one of the representative light chain proteins of heteromeric amino acid transporters, forming a heterodimer with its heavy chain partner 4F2hc (SLC3A2). LAT1 is overexpressed in many types of tumors and mediates the transfer of drugs and hormones across the blood-brain barrier. Thus, LAT1 is considered as a drug target for cancer treatment and may be exploited for drug delivery into the brain. Here, we synthesized three potent inhibitors of human LAT1, which inhibit transport of leucine with IC50 values between 100 and 250 nM, and solved the cryo-EM structures of the corresponding LAT1-4F2hc complexes with these inhibitors bound at resolution of up to 2.7 or 2.8 Å. The protein assumes an outward-facing occluded conformation, with the inhibitors bound in the classical substrate binding pocket, but with their tails wedged between the substrate binding site and TM10 of LAT1. We also solved the complex structure of LAT1-4F2hc with 3,5-diiodo-l-tyrosine (Diiodo-Tyr) at 3.4 Å overall resolution, which revealed a different inhibition mechanism and might represent an intermediate conformation between the outward-facing occluded state mentioned above and the outward-open state. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the outward-facing conformation is revealed for the HAT family. Our results unveil more important insights into the working mechanisms of HATs and provide a structural basis for future drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renhong Yan
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yaning Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jennifer Müller
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Simon Singer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lu Xia
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xinyue Zhong
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China. .,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bold CP, Klaus C, Pfeiffer B, Schürmann J, Lombardi R, Lucena-Agell D, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Studies toward the Synthesis of an Oxazole-Based Analog of (-)-Zampanolide. Org Lett 2021; 23:2238-2242. [PMID: 33635661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies are described toward the synthesis of an oxazole-based analog of (-)-zampanolide (2). Construction of (-)-dactylolide analog 22 was achieved via alcohol 5 and acid 4 through esterification and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE)-based macrocyclization; however, attempts to attach (Z,E)-sorbamide to 22 proved unsuccessful. The C(8)-C(9) double bond of the macrocycle was prone to migration into conjugation with the oxazole ring, which may generally limit the usefulness of zampanolide analogs with aromatic moieties as tetrahydropyran replacements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Bold
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Klaus
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Schürmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Lombardi
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brütsch TM, Berardozzi S, Rothe ML, Horcajo MR, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. A Method for the Stereoselective Construction of the Hemiaminal Center in Zampanolides. Org Lett 2020; 22:8345-8348. [PMID: 33044829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new method for the stereoselective establishment of the N-acyl hemiaminal moiety in zampanolide-type structures that involves the reaction of (Z,E)-sorbamide (3) with BINAL-H and subsequent amide transfer from a putative aluminum carboximidoate complex to the aldehyde moiety of a dactylolide precursor, such as 2 or 5. The method has enabled the efficient synthesis of 13-desmethylene-(-)-zampanolide (4), which was found to be an equipotent cell growth inhibitor as the natural product (-)-zampanolide (1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Berardozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene L Rothe
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Redondo Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Müller AT, Posselt G, Gabernet G, Neuhaus C, Bachler S, Blatter M, Pfeiffer B, Hiss JA, Dittrich PS, Altmann KH, Wessler S, Schneider G. Morphing of Amphipathic Helices to Explore the Activity and Selectivity of Membranolytic Antimicrobial Peptides. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3772-3781. [PMID: 32936629 PMCID: PMC7547863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring membranolytic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are rarely cell-type selective and highly potent at the same time. Template-based peptide design can be used to generate AMPs with improved properties de novo. Following this approach, 18 linear peptides were obtained by computationally morphing the natural AMP Aurein 2.2d2 GLFDIVKKVVGALG into the synthetic model AMP KLLKLLKKLLKLLK. Eleven of the 18 chimeric designs inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and six peptides were tested and found to be active against one resistant pathogenic strain or more. One of the peptides was broadly active against bacterial and fungal pathogens without exhibiting toxicity to certain human cell lines. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics simulation suggested an oblique-oriented membrane insertion mechanism of this helical de novo peptide. Temperature-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy pointed to conformational flexibility as an essential feature of cell-type selective AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex T. Müller
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department
of Biosciences, Division of Microbiology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisela Gabernet
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Neuhaus
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Mattenstrasse
26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Blatter
- Novartis
Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis
Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan A. Hiss
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, Mattenstrasse
26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department
of Biosciences, Division of Microbiology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liniger M, Neuhaus CM, Altmann KH. Ring-Closing Metathesis Approaches towards the Total Synthesis of Rhizoxins. Molecules 2020; 25:E4527. [PMID: 33023218 PMCID: PMC7582377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts are described towards the total synthesis of the bacterial macrolide rhizoxin F, which is a potent tubulin assembly and cancer cell growth inhibitor. A significant amount of work was expanded on the construction of the rhizoxin core macrocycle by ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) between C(9) and C(10), either directly or by using relay substrates, but in no case was ring-closure achieved. Macrocycle formation was possible by ring-closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) at the C(9)/C(10) site. The requisite diyne was obtained from advanced intermediates that had been prepared as part of the synthesis of the RCM substrates. While the direct conversion of the triple bond formed in the ring-closing step into the C(9)-C(10) E double bond of the rhizoxin macrocycle proved to be elusive, the corresponding Z isomer was accessible with high selectivity by reductive decomplexation of the biscobalt hexacarbonyl complex of the triple bond with ethylpiperidinium hypophosphite. Radical-induced double bond isomerization, full elaboration of the C(15) side chain, and directed epoxidation of the C(11)-C(12) double bond completed the total synthesis of rhizoxin F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (M.L.); (C.M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zaugg J, Huang X, Ziegler F, Rubin M, Graff J, Müller J, Moser-Hässig R, Powell T, Gertsch J, Altmann KH, Albrecht C. Small molecule inhibitors provide insights into the relevance of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno-foetal amino acid transport. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12681-12693. [PMID: 33001560 PMCID: PMC7687008 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta supplies the foetus with critical nutrients such as essential amino acids (AA, eg leucine) for development and growth. It also represents a cellular barrier which is formed by a polarized, differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) monolayer. Active Na+‐independent leucine transport across the placenta is mainly attributed to the System L transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. This study explored the influence of trophoblast differentiation on the activity of LAT1/LAT2 and the relevance of LAT1/LAT2 in leucine uptake and transfer in trophoblasts by applying specific small molecule inhibitors (JPH203/JG336/JX009). L‐leucine uptake (total dose = 167 μmol/L) was sensitive to LAT1‐specific inhibition by JPH203 (EC50 = 2.55 µmol/L). The inhibition efficiency of JPH203 was increased by an additional methoxy group in the JPH203‐derivate JG336 (EC50 = 1.99 µmol/L). Interestingly, JX009 showed efficient System L inhibition (EC50 = 2.35 µmol/L) and was the most potent inhibitor of leucine uptake in trophoblasts. The application of JPH203 and JX009 in Transwell®‐based leucine transfer revealed LAT1 as the major accumulative transporter at the apical membrane, but other System L transporters such as LAT2 as rate‐limiting for leucine efflux across the basal membrane. Therefore, differential specificity of the applied inhibitors allowed for estimation of the contribution of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno‐foetal AA transfer and their potential impact in pregnancy diseases associated with impaired foetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ziegler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rubin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Graff
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Müller
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Moser-Hässig
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lindenhofgruppe, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Section, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Warryn L, Dangy JP, Gersbach P, Gehringer M, Schäfer A, Ruf MT, Ruggli N, Altmann KH, Pluschke G. Development of an ELISA for the quantification of mycolactone, the cytotoxic macrolide toxin of Mycobacterium ulcerans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008357. [PMID: 32589646 PMCID: PMC7347236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycolactones, macrolide cytotoxins, are key virulence factors of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the etiological agent of the chronic necrotizing skin disease Buruli ulcer. There is urgent need for a simple point-of-care laboratory test for Buruli ulcer and mycolactone represents a promising target for the development of an immunological assay. However, for a long time, all efforts to generate mycolactone-specific antibodies have failed. By using a protein conjugate of a truncated non-toxic synthetic mycolactone derivative, we recently described generation of a set of mycolactone-specific monoclonal antibodies. Using the first mycolactone-specific monoclonal antibodies that we have described before, we were able to develop an antigen competition assay that detects mycolactones. By the systematic selection of a capturing antibody and a reporter molecule, and the optimization of assay conditions, we developed an ELISA that detects common natural variants of mycolactone with a limit of detection in the low nanomolar range. The mycolactone-specific ELISA described here will be a very useful tool for research on the biology of this macrolide toxin. After conversion into a simple point-of-care test format, the competition assay may have great potential as laboratory assay for both the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer and for the monitoring of treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Warryn
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gersbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Schäfer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Thérèse Ruf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mäder P, Bartholomäus R, Nicolussi S, Baumann A, Weis M, Chicca A, Rau M, Simão AC, Gertsch J, Altmann KH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Endocannabinoid Uptake Inhibitors Derived from WOBE437. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:145-154. [PMID: 32369259 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
WOBE437 ((2E,4E)-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)dodeca-2,4-dienamide, 1) is a natural product-derived, highly potent inhibitor of endocannabinoid reuptake. In this study, we synthesized almost 80 analogues of 1 with different types of modifications in the dodecadienoyl domain as well as the dimethoxyphenylethyl head group, and we investigated their effects on anandamide uptake into U937 cells. Intriguingly, none of these analogues was a more potent inhibitor of anandamide uptake than WOBE437 (1). At the same time, a number of WOBE437 variants exhibited potencies in the sub-100 nM range, with high selectivity over inhibition of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase; two compounds were virtually equipotent with 1. Interestingly, profound activity differences were observed between analogues in which either of the two methoxy substituents in the head group had been replaced by the same bulkier alkoxy group. Some of the compounds described here could be interesting departure points for the development of potent endocannabinoid uptake inhibitors with more drug-like properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Bartholomäus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Nicolussi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, Bühlstrasse 28 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alice Baumann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Weis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, Bühlstrasse 28 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Rau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, Bühlstrasse 28 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Simão
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, Bühlstrasse 28 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schmidt AC, Hebels ER, Weitzel C, Stoessel B, Bao Y, Altmann KH, Leroux JC. Ammonia uptake by transmembrane pH gradient poly(isoprene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) polymersomes. Soft Matter 2020; 16:2725-2735. [PMID: 32115597 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane pH gradient poly(isoprene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PI-b-PEG) polymersomes were investigated for their potential use in the detoxification of ammonia, a metabolite that is excessively present in patients suffering from urea cycle disorders and advanced liver diseases, and which causes neurotoxic effects (e.g., hepatic encephalopathy). Polymers varying in PI and PEG block length were synthesized via nitroxide-mediated polymerization and screened for their ability to self-assemble into polymersomes in aqueous media. Ammonia sequestration by the polymersomes was investigated in vitro. While most vesicular systems were able to capture ammonia in simulated intestinal fluids, uptake was lost in partially dehydrated medium mimicking conditions in the colon. Polymeric crosslinking of residual olefinic bonds in the PI block increased polymersome stability, partially preserving the ammonia capture capacity in the simulated colon environment. These more stable vesicular systems hold promise for the chronic oral treatment of hyperammonemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Erik R Hebels
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Charlotte Weitzel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Stoessel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rai A, Liu T, Glauser S, Katrukha EA, Estévez-Gallego J, Rodríguez-García R, Fang WS, Díaz JF, Steinmetz MO, Altmann KH, Kapitein LC, Moores CA, Akhmanova A. Taxanes convert regions of perturbed microtubule growth into rescue sites. Nat Mater 2020; 19:355-365. [PMID: 31819210 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin dimers, and conformational transitions in the microtubule lattice drive microtubule dynamic instability and affect various aspects of microtubule function. The exact nature of these transitions and their modulation by anticancer drugs such as Taxol and epothilone, which can stabilize microtubules but also perturb their growth, are poorly understood. Here, we directly visualize the action of fluorescent Taxol and epothilone derivatives and show that microtubules can transition to a state that triggers cooperative drug binding to form regions with altered lattice conformation. Such regions emerge at growing microtubule ends that are in a pre-catastrophe state, and inhibit microtubule growth and shortening. Electron microscopy and in vitro dynamics data indicate that taxane accumulation zones represent incomplete tubes that can persist, incorporate tubulin dimers and repeatedly induce microtubule rescues. Thus, taxanes modulate the material properties of microtubules by converting destabilized growing microtubule ends into regions resistant to depolymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tianyang Liu
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Glauser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Estévez-Gallego
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruddi Rodríguez-García
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kienle M, Eisenring P, Stoessel B, Horlacher OP, Hasler S, van Colen G, Hartkoorn RC, Vocat A, Cole ST, Altmann KH. Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of C2-Modified Analogs of the Antimycobacterial Natural Product Pyridomycin. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1105-1131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Kienle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Eisenring
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stoessel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver P. Horlacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Hasler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gwénaëlle van Colen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gehringer M, Mäder P, Gersbach P, Pfeiffer B, Scherr N, Dangy JP, Pluschke G, Altmann KH. Configurationally Stabilized Analogs of M. ulcerans Exotoxins Mycolactones A and B Reveal the Importance of Side Chain Geometry for Mycolactone Virulence. Org Lett 2019; 21:5853-5857. [PMID: 31295000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycolactones A/B (1a/b) are exotoxins of Mycobacterium ulcerans that are the molecular cause of Buruli ulcer. 1a/b represent a rapidly equilibrating mixture of Z/E isomers about the C4'═C5' double bond of the C5-side chain. Here, we describe the syntheses of mycolactone analogs with configurationally stable C5-side chains (2a, E mimetic; 2b/c, Z mimetics). Based on the cytotoxicity of 2a-c, the Δ4',5'-trans isomer of mycolactones A/B (1b) appears to be the major virulence factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gersbach
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Nicole Scherr
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57 , 4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57 , 4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57 , 4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Balaguer FDA, Mühlethaler T, Estévez-Gallego J, Calvo E, Giménez-Abián JF, Risinger AL, Sorensen EJ, Vanderwal CD, Altmann KH, Mooberry SL, Steinmetz MO, Oliva MÁ, Prota AE, Díaz JF. Crystal Structure of the Cyclostreptin-Tubulin Adduct: Implications for Tubulin Activation by Taxane-Site Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061392. [PMID: 30897704 PMCID: PMC6471726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that one of the mechanisms of taxane-site ligand-mediated tubulin activation is modulation of the structure of a switch element (the M-loop) from a disordered form in dimeric tubulin to a folded helical structure in microtubules. Here, we used covalent taxane-site ligands, including cyclostreptin, to gain further insight into this mechanism. The crystal structure of cyclostreptin-bound tubulin reveals covalent binding to βHis229, but no stabilization of the M-loop. The capacity of cyclostreptin to induce microtubule assembly compared to other covalent taxane-site agents demonstrates that the induction of tubulin assembly is not strictly dependent on M-loop stabilization. We further demonstrate that most covalent taxane-site ligands are able to partially overcome drug resistance mediated by βIII-tubulin (βIII) overexpression in HeLa cells, and compare their activities to pironetin, an interfacial covalent inhibitor of tubulin assembly that displays invariant growth inhibition in these cells. Our findings suggest a relationship between a diminished interaction of taxane-site ligands with βIII-tubulin and βIII tubulin-mediated drug resistance. This supports the idea that overexpression of βIII increases microtubule dynamicity by counteracting the enhanced microtubule stability promoted by covalent taxane-site binding ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Asís Balaguer
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Juan Estévez-Gallego
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Unidad de Proteómica. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC. Melchor Fernández de Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Francisco Giménez-Abián
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Erik J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gaugaz FZ, Chicca A, Redondo-Horcajo M, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis, Microtubule-Binding Affinity, and Antiproliferative Activity of New Epothilone Analogs and of an EGFR-Targeted Epothilone-Peptide Conjugate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1113. [PMID: 30841526 PMCID: PMC6429585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simplified, epoxide-free epothilone analog was prepared incorporating an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzimidazole side chain, which binds to microtubules with high affinity and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro with nM potency. Building on this scaffold, a disulfide-linked conjugate with the purported EGFR-binding (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) peptide GE11 was then prepared. The conjugate retained significant microtubule-binding affinity, in spite of the size of the peptide attached to the benzimidazole side chain. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was significantly lower than for the parent scaffold and, surprisingly, was independent of the EGFR expression status of cells. Our data indicate that the disulfide-based conjugation with the GE11 peptide is not a viable approach for effective tumor-targeting of highly potent epothilones and probably not for other cytotoxics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Zdenka Gaugaz
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A convergent strategy for the synthesis of dideoxysalarin C (3) as a potential intermediate for the total synthesis of the marine macrolide salarin C (1) is described. The macrolactone core of 3 was assembled by Suzuki coupling between alkyl iodide 9 and vinyl iodide 8 and Shiina macrolactonization as key transformations. All macrocyclic intermediates were found to be of low stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Schrof
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Foo CS, Lupien A, Kienle M, Vocat A, Benjak A, Sommer R, Lamprecht DA, Steyn AJC, Pethe K, Piton J, Altmann KH, Cole ST. Arylvinylpiperazine Amides, a New Class of Potent Inhibitors Targeting QcrB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mBio 2018; 9:e01276-18. [PMID: 30301850 PMCID: PMC6178619 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01276-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New drugs are needed to control the current tuberculosis (TB) pandemic caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis We report here on our work with AX-35, an arylvinylpiperazine amide, and four related analogs, which are potent antitubercular agents in vitro All five compounds showed good activity against M. tuberculosisin vitro and in infected THP-1 macrophages, while displaying only mild cytotoxicity. Isolation and characterization of M. tuberculosis-resistant mutants to the arylvinylpiperazine amide derivative AX-35 revealed mutations in the qcrB gene encoding a subunit of cytochrome bc1 oxidase, one of two terminal oxidases of the electron transport chain. Cross-resistance studies, allelic exchange, transcriptomic analyses, and bioenergetic flux assays provided conclusive evidence that the cytochrome bc1-aa3 is the target of AX-35, although the compound appears to interact differently with the quinol binding pocket compared to previous QcrB inhibitors. The transcriptomic and bioenergetic profiles of M. tuberculosis treated with AX-35 were similar to those generated by other cytochrome bc1 oxidase inhibitors, including the compensatory role of the alternate terminal oxidase cytochrome bd in respiratory adaptation. In the absence of cytochrome bd oxidase, AX-35 was bactericidal against M. tuberculosis Finally, AX-35 and its analogs were active in an acute mouse model of TB infection, with two analogs displaying improved activity over the parent compound. Our findings will guide future lead optimization to produce a drug candidate for the treatment of TB and other mycobacterial diseases, including Buruli ulcer and leprosy.IMPORTANCE New drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently needed to deal with the current global TB pandemic. We report here on the discovery of a series of arylvinylpiperazine amides (AX-35 to AX-39) that represent a promising new family of compounds with potent in vitro and in vivo activities against M. tuberculosis AX compounds target the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc1 terminal oxidase with a different mode of interaction compared to those of known QcrB inhibitors. This study provides the first multifaceted validation of QcrB inhibition by recombineering-mediated allelic exchange, gene expression profiling, and bioenergetic flux studies. It also provides further evidence for the compensatory role of cytochrome bd oxidase upon QcrB inhibition. In the absence of cytochrome bd oxidase, AX compounds are bactericidal, an encouraging property for future antimycobacterial drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Foo
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andréanne Lupien
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Kienle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Benjak
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Sommer
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jérémie Piton
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kalbermatter D, Shrestha N, Ader-Ebert N, Herren M, Moll P, Plemper RK, Altmann KH, Langedijk JP, Gall F, Lindenmann U, Riedl R, Fotiadis D, Plattet P. Primary resistance mechanism of the canine distemper virus fusion protein against a small-molecule membrane fusion inhibitor. Virus Res 2018; 259:28-37. [PMID: 30296457 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses (e.g. measles virus [MeV] or canine distemper virus [CDV]) employ the attachment (H) and fusion (F) envelope glycoproteins for cell entry. H protein engagement to a cognate receptor eventually leads to F-triggering. Upon activation, F proteins transit from a prefusion to a postfusion conformation; a refolding process that is associated with membrane merging. Small-molecule morbilliviral fusion inhibitors such as the compound 3G (a chemical analog in the AS-48 class) were previously generated and mechanistic studies revealed a stabilizing effect on morbilliviral prefusion F trimers. Here, we aimed at designing 3G-resistant CDV F mutants by introducing single cysteine residues at hydrophobic core positions of the helical stalk region. Covalently-linked F dimers were generated, which highlighted substantial conformational flexibility within the stalk to achieve those irregular F conformations. Our findings demonstrate that "top-stalk" CDV F cysteine mutants (F-V571C and F-L575C) remained functional and gained resistance to 3G. Conversely, although not all "bottom-stalk" F cysteine variants preserved proper bioactivity, those that remained functional exhibited 3G-sensitivity. According to the recently determined prefusion MeV F trimer/AS-48 co-crystal structure, CDV residues F-V571 and F-L575 may directly interact with 3G. A combination of conformation-specific anti-F antibodies and low-resolution electron microscopy structural analyses confirmed that 3G lost its stabilizing effect on "top-stalk" F cysteine mutants thus suggesting a primary resistance mechanism. Overall, our data suggest that the fusion inhibitor 3G stabilizes prefusion CDV F trimers by docking at the top of the stalk domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kalbermatter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Neeta Shrestha
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Research, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ader-Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Herren
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Research, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Moll
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Research, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Flavio Gall
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Urs Lindenmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Research, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Häfliger P, Graff J, Rubin M, Stooss A, Dettmer MS, Altmann KH, Gertsch J, Charles RP. The LAT1 inhibitor JPH203 reduces growth of thyroid carcinoma in a fully immunocompetent mouse model. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:234. [PMID: 30241549 PMCID: PMC6150977 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1/SLC7A5) transports essential amino acids across the plasma membrane. While LAT1 is overexpressed in a variety of human neoplasms, its expression and its role in thyroid cancer is currently unknown. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive malignancy for which no effective therapy exists. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the inhibition of LAT1 in ATC would affect tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS LAT1 was pharmacologically blocked by JPH203 in human ATC and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines. The effects on proliferation and mTORC1 activity were addressed in vitro. A genetically engineered mouse model of ATC was used to address the effect of blocking LAT1 on tumor growth in vivo. SLC7A5 transcription was measured in patient-derived ATC samples to address the clinical relevance of the findings. RESULTS LAT1 block by JPH203 reduced proliferation and mTORC1 signaling in human thyroid cancer cell lines. SLC7A5 transcription was upregulated in ATC tissues derived from a genetically engineered mouse model and in ATC samples recovered from patients. JPH203 treatment induced thyroid tumor growth arrest in vivo in a fully immunocompetent mouse model of thyroid cancer. Additionally, analysis of publicly available datasets of thyroid carcinomas revealed that high LAT1 expression is associated with potentially untreatable PTC presenting reduced NIS/SLC5A5 transcription and with ATC. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical results show that LAT1 inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach in the context of thyroid cancers, and more interestingly in untreatable thyroid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Häfliger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Present address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Julien Graff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rubin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Stooss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias S. Dettmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roch-Philippe Charles
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Menchon G, Prota AE, Lucena-Agell D, Bucher P, Jansen R, Irschik H, Müller R, Paterson I, Díaz JF, Altmann KH, Steinmetz MO. A fluorescence anisotropy assay to discover and characterize ligands targeting the maytansine site of tubulin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2106. [PMID: 29844393 PMCID: PMC5974090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) like taxol and vinblastine are among the most successful chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer. Here, we describe a fluorescence anisotropy-based assay that specifically probes for ligands targeting the recently discovered maytansine site of tubulin. Using this assay, we have determined the dissociation constants of known maytansine site ligands, including the pharmacologically active degradation product of the clinical antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine. In addition, we discovered that the two natural products spongistatin-1 and disorazole Z with established cellular potency bind to the maytansine site on β-tubulin. The high-resolution crystal structures of spongistatin-1 and disorazole Z in complex with tubulin allowed the definition of an additional sub-site adjacent to the pocket shared by all maytansine-site ligands, which could be exploitable as a distinct, separate target site for small molecules. Our study provides a basis for the discovery and development of next-generation MTAs for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CIB-CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pascal Bucher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Jansen
- Abteilung Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Herbert Irschik
- Abteilung Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department Microbial Natural Products and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CIB-CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jackson SM, Manolaridis I, Kowal J, Zechner M, Taylor NMI, Bause M, Bauer S, Bartholomaeus R, Bernhardt G, Koenig B, Buschauer A, Stahlberg H, Altmann KH, Locher KP. Structural basis of small-molecule inhibition of human multidrug transporter ABCG2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:333-340. [PMID: 29610494 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that protects tissues against xenobiotics, affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs and contributes to multidrug resistance. Although many inhibitors and modulators of ABCG2 have been developed, understanding their structure-activity relationship requires high-resolution structural insight. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human ABCG2 bound to synthetic derivatives of the fumitremorgin C-related inhibitor Ko143 or the multidrug resistance modulator tariquidar. Both compounds are bound to the central, inward-facing cavity of ABCG2, blocking access for substrates and preventing conformational changes required for ATP hydrolysis. The high resolutions allowed for de novo building of the entire transporter and also revealed tightly bound phospholipids and cholesterol interacting with the lipid-exposed surface of the transmembrane domains (TMDs). Extensive chemical modifications of the Ko143 scaffold combined with in vitro functional analyses revealed the details of ABCG2 interactions with this compound family and provide a basis for the design of novel inhibitors and modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Manolaridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Zechner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M I Taylor
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Bause
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bartholomaeus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Bernhardt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Koenig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich;,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Field JJ, Pera B, Gallego JE, Calvo E, Rodríguez-Salarichs J, Sáez-Calvo G, Zuwerra D, Jordi M, Andreu JM, Prota AE, Ménchon G, Miller JH, Altmann KH, Díaz JF. Zampanolide Binding to Tubulin Indicates Cross-Talk of Taxane Site with Colchicine and Nucleotide Sites. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:494-505. [PMID: 29023132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The marine natural product zampanolide and analogues thereof constitute a new chemotype of taxoid site microtubule-stabilizing agents with a covalent mechanism of action. Zampanolide-ligated tubulin has the switch-activation loop (M-loop) in the assembly prone form and, thus, represents an assembly activated state of the protein. In this study, we have characterized the biochemical properties of the covalently modified, activated tubulin dimer, and we have determined the effect of zampanolide on tubulin association and the binding of tubulin ligands at other binding sites. Tubulin activation by zampanolide does not affect its longitudinal oligomerization but does alter its lateral association properties. The covalent binding of zampanolide to β-tubulin affects both the colchicine site, causing a change of the quantum yield of the bound ligand, and the exchangeable nucleotide binding site, reducing the affinity for the nucleotide. While these global effects do not change the binding affinity of 2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one (MTC) (a reversible binder of the colchicine site), the binding affinity of a fluorescent analogue of GTP (Mant-GTP) at the nucleotide E-site is reduced from 12 ± 2 × 105 M-1 in the case of unmodified tubulin to 1.4 ± 0.3 × 105 M-1 in the case of the zampanolide tubulin adduct, indicating signal transmission between the taxane site and the colchicine and nucleotide sites of β-tubulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Field
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Benet Pera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) , CSIC , Madrid 28048 , Spain
| | | | - Enrique Calvo
- Unidad de Proteómica , Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid 28029 , Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Sáez-Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) , CSIC , Madrid 28048 , Spain
| | - Didier Zuwerra
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , HCI H405, Zürich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - Michel Jordi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , HCI H405, Zürich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - José M Andreu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) , CSIC , Madrid 28048 , Spain
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research , Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen PSI 5232 , Switzerland
| | - Grégory Ménchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research , Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen PSI 5232 , Switzerland
| | - John H Miller
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , HCI H405, Zürich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) , CSIC , Madrid 28048 , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Glaus F, Dedić D, Tare P, Nagaraja V, Rodrigues L, Aínsa JA, Kunze J, Schneider G, Hartkoorn RC, Cole ST, Altmann KH. Total Synthesis of Ripostatin B and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies on Ripostatin Analogs. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glaus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Darija Dedić
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Priyanka Tare
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Aínsa
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Kunze
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The marine environment harbors a vast number of species that are the source of a wide array of structurally diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. At this point in time, roughly 27'000 marine natural products are known, of which eight are (were) at the origin of seven marketed drugs, mostly for the treatment of cancer. The majority of these drugs and also of drug candidates currently undergoing clinical evaluation (excluding antibody-drug conjugates) are unmodified natural products, but synthetic chemistry has played a central role in the discovery and/or development of all but one of the approved marine-derived drugs. More than 1000 new marine natural products have been isolated per year over the last decade, but the pool of new and unique structures is far from exhausted. To fully leverage the potential offered by the structural diversity of marine-produced secondary metabolites for drug discovery will require their broad assessment for different bioactivities and the productive interplay between new fermentation technologies, synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal chemistry, in order to secure compound supply and enable lead optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vladimir-Prelog-Wag 4 HCI H 405 CH-8093 Zurich;,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pillong M, Hiss JA, Schneider P, Lin YC, Posselt G, Pfeiffer B, Blatter M, Müller AT, Bachler S, Neuhaus CS, Dittrich PS, Altmann KH, Wessler S, Schneider G. Rational Design of Membrane-Pore-Forming Peptides. Small 2017; 13:1701316. [PMID: 28799716 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific interactions of peptides with lipid membranes are essential for cellular communication and constitute a central aspect of the innate host defense against pathogens. A computational method for generating innovative membrane-pore-forming peptides inspired by natural templates is presented. Peptide representation in terms of sequence- and topology-dependent hydrophobic moments is introduced. This design concept proves to be appropriate for the de novo generation of first-in-class membrane-active peptides with the anticipated mode of action. The designed peptides outperform the natural template in terms of their antibacterial activity. They form a kinked helical structure and self-assemble in the membrane by an entropy-driven mechanism to form dynamically growing pores that are dependent on the lipid composition. The results of this study demonstrate the unique potential of natural template-based peptide design for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Pillong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan A Hiss
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Blatter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex T Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stutz K, Müller AT, Hiss JA, Schneider P, Blatter M, Pfeiffer B, Posselt G, Kanfer G, Kornmann B, Wrede P, Altmann KH, Wessler S, Schneider G. Peptide-Membrane Interaction between Targeting and Lysis. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2254-2259. [PMID: 28763193 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Certain cationic peptides interact with biological membranes. These often-complex interactions can result in peptide targeting to the membrane, or in membrane permeation, rupture, and cell lysis. We investigated the relationship between the structural features of membrane-active peptides and these effects, to better understand these processes. To this end, we employed a computational method for morphing a membranolytic antimicrobial peptide into a nonmembranolytic mitochondrial targeting peptide by "directed simulated evolution." The results obtained demonstrate that superficially subtle sequence modifications can strongly affect the peptides' membranolytic and membrane-targeting abilities. Spectroscopic and computational analyses suggest that N- and C-terminal structural flexibility plays a crucial role in determining the mode of peptide-membrane interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stutz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex T. Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan A. Hiss
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Blatter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gil Kanfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Otto-Stern-Weg-3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Kornmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Otto-Stern-Weg-3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Wrede
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zaugg J, Huang X, Burri F, Ziegler F, Körner M, Rubin M, Graff J, Keller C, Gertsch J, Altmann KH, Albrecht C. SLC7-mediated amino acid transport across the materno-fetal barrier. Placenta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
Mycolactones are a group of macrolides excreted by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, which exhibit cytotoxic, immunosuppressive and analgesic properties. As the virulence factor of M. ulcerans, mycolactones are central to the pathogenesis of the neglected disease Buruli ulcer, a chronic and debilitating medical condition characterized by necrotic skin ulcers. Due to their complex structure and fascinating biology, mycolactones have inspired various total synthesis endeavors and structure-activity relationship studies. Although this review intends to cover all synthesis efforts in the field, special emphasis is given to the comparison of conceptually different approaches and to the discussion of more recent contributions. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of molecular targets and structure-activity relationships is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Feklistov A, Bae B, Hauver J, Lass-Napiorkowska A, Kalesse M, Glaus F, Altmann KH, Heyduk T, Landick R, Darst SA. RNA polymerase motions during promoter melting. Science 2017; 356:863-866. [PMID: 28546214 PMCID: PMC5696265 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs), from those of bacteria to those of man, possess a clamp that can open and close, and it has been assumed that the open RNAP separates promoter DNA strands and then closes to establish a tight grip on the DNA template. Here, we resolve successive motions of the initiating bacterial RNAP by studying real-time signatures of fluorescent reporters placed on RNAP and DNA in the presence of ligands locking the clamp in distinct conformations. We report evidence for an unexpected and obligatory step early in the initiation involving a transient clamp closure as a prerequisite for DNA melting. We also present a 2.6-angstrom crystal structure of a late-initiation intermediate harboring a rotationally unconstrained downstream DNA duplex within the open RNAP active site cleft. Our findings explain how RNAP thermal motions control the promoter search and drive DNA melting in the absence of external energy sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Feklistov
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Brian Bae
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jesse Hauver
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Agnieszka Lass-Napiorkowska
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Florian Glaus
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Heyduk
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Robert Landick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Seth A Darst
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bieri R, Scherr N, Ruf MT, Dangy JP, Gersbach P, Gehringer M, Altmann KH, Pluschke G. The Macrolide Toxin Mycolactone Promotes Bim-Dependent Apoptosis in Buruli Ulcer through Inhibition of mTOR. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1297-1307. [PMID: 28294596 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycolactone, the macrolide exotoxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is central to the pathogenesis of the chronic necrotizing skin disease Buruli ulcer (BU). Here we show that mycolactone acts as an inhibitor of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by interfering with the assembly of the two distinct mTOR protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, which regulate different cellular processes. Inhibition of the assembly of the rictor containing mTORC2 complex by mycolactone prevents phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt. The associated inactivation of Akt leads to the dephosphorylation and activation of the Akt-targeted transcription factor FoxO3. Subsequent up-regulation of the FoxO3 target gene BCL2L11 (Bim) increases expression of the pro-apoptotic regulator Bim, driving mycolactone treated mammalian cells into apoptosis. The central role of Bim-dependent apoptosis in BU pathogenesis deduced from our experiments with cultured mammalian cells was further verified in an experimental M. ulcerans infection model. As predicted by the model, M. ulcerans infected Bim knockout mice did not develop necrotic BU lesions with large clusters of extracellular bacteria, but were able to contain the mycobacterial multiplication. Our findings provide a new coherent and comprehensive concept of BU pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bieri
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz
1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Scherr
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz
1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Thérèse Ruf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz
1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz
1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gersbach
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz
1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schneider G, Reker D, Chen T, Hauenstein K, Schneider P, Altmann KH. Deorphaning the Macromolecular Targets of the Natural Anticancer Compound Doliculide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12408-11. [PMID: 27605391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cyclodepsipeptide doliculide is a marine natural product with strong actin-polymerizing and anticancer activities. Evidence for doliculide acting as a potent and subtype-selective antagonist of prostanoid E receptor 3 (EP3) is presented. Computational target prediction suggested that this membrane receptor is a likely macromolecular target and enabled immediate in vitro validation. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the in silico deorphanization of phenotypic screening hits as a viable concept for future natural-product-inspired chemical biology and drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Reker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Hauenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,inSili.com LLC, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schneider G, Reker D, Chen T, Hauenstein K, Schneider P, Altmann KH. Deorphaning the Macromolecular Targets of the Natural Anticancer Compound Doliculide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Reker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Kurt Hauenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- inSili.com LLC; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Dangy JP, Scherr N, Gersbach P, Hug MN, Bieri R, Bomio C, Li J, Huber S, Altmann KH, Pluschke G. Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of the Exotoxin Mycolactone, the Main Virulence Factor Produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004808. [PMID: 27351976 PMCID: PMC4924874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycolactone, the macrolide exotoxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, causes extensive tissue destruction by inducing apoptosis of host cells. In this study, we aimed at the production of antibodies that could neutralize the cytotoxic activities of mycolactone. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the B cell hybridoma technology, we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies with specificity for mycolactone from spleen cells of mice immunized with the protein conjugate of a truncated synthetic mycolactone derivative. L929 fibroblasts were used as a model system to investigate whether these antibodies can inhibit the biological effects of mycolactone. By measuring the metabolic activity of the fibroblasts, we found that anti-mycolactone mAbs can completely neutralize the cytotoxic activity of mycolactone. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The toxin neutralizing capacity of anti-mycolactone mAbs supports the concept of evaluating the macrolide toxin as vaccine target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Scherr
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gersbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie N. Hug
- Roche Innovation Center, Chemical Biology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bieri
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bomio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Huber
- Roche Innovation Center, Chemical Biology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|