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Siems K, Runzheimer K, Rebrosova K, Etzbach L, Auerhammer A, Rehm A, Schwengers O, Šiler M, Samek O, Růžička F, Moeller R. Identification of staphyloxanthin and derivates in yellow-pigmented Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1272734. [PMID: 37840735 PMCID: PMC10570620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus capitis naturally colonizes the human skin but as an opportunistic pathogen, it can also cause biofilm-associated infections and bloodstream infections in newborns. Previously, we found that two strains from the subspecies S. capitis subsp. capitis produce yellow carotenoids despite the initial species description, reporting this subspecies as non-pigmented. In Staphylococcus aureus, the golden pigment staphyloxanthin is an important virulence factor, protecting cells against reactive oxygen species and modulating membrane fluidity. Methods In this study, we used two pigmented (DSM 111179 and DSM 113836) and two non-pigmented S. capitis subsp. capitis strains (DSM 20326T and DSM 31028) to identify the pigment, determine conditions under which pigment-production occurs and investigate whether pigmented strains show increased resistance to ROS and temperature stress. Results We found that the non-pigmented strains remained colorless regardless of the type of medium, whereas intensity of pigmentation in the two pigmented strains increased under low nutrient conditions and with longer incubation times. We were able to detect and identify staphyloxanthin and its derivates in the two pigmented strains but found that methanol cell extracts from all four strains showed ROS scavenging activity regardless of staphyloxanthin production. Increased survival to cold temperatures (-20°C) was detected in the two pigmented strains only after long-term storage compared to the non-pigmented strains. Conclusion The identification of staphyloxanthin in S. capitis is of clinical relevance and could be used, in the same way as in S. aureus, as a possible target for anti-virulence drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Siems
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Runzheimer
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Katarina Rebrosova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lara Etzbach
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Auerhammer
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Rehm
- Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schwengers
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Šiler
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Růžička
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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Siems K, Runzheimer K, Rehm A, Schwengers O, Heidler von Heilborn D, Kaser L, Arndt F, Neidhöfer C, Mengel JP, Parcina M, Lipski A, Hain T, Moeller R. Phenotypic and genomic assessment of the potential threat of human spaceflight-relevant Staphylococcus capitis isolates under stress conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007143. [PMID: 36406458 PMCID: PMC9669719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that spaceflight specific conditions such as microgravity lead to changes in bacterial physiology and resistance behavior including increased expression of virulence factors, enhanced biofilm formation and decreased susceptibility to antibiotics. To assess if spaceflight induced physiological changes can manifest in human-associated bacteria, we compared three spaceflight relevant Staphylococcus capitis isolates (DSM 111179, ISS; DSM 31028, clean room; DSM 113836; artificial gravity bedrest study) with the type strain (DSM 20326T). We tested the three strains regarding growth, colony morphology, metabolism, fatty acid and polar lipid pattern, biofilm formation, susceptibility to antibiotics and survival in different stress conditions such as treatment with hydrogen peroxide, exposure to desiccation, and irradiation with X-rays and UV-C. Moreover, we sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the genomes of all four strains. Potential genetic determinants for phenotypic differences were investigated by comparative genomics. We found that all four strains show similar metabolic patterns and the same susceptibility to antibiotics. All four strains were considered resistant to fosfomycin. Physiological differences were mainly observed compared to the type strain and minor differences among the other three strains. The ISS isolate and the bedrest study isolate exhibit a strong delayed yellow pigmentation, which is absent in the other two strains. Pigments were extracted and analyzed by UV/Vis spectroscopy showing characteristic carotenoid spectra. The ISS isolate showed the highest growth rate as well as weighted average melting temperature (WAMT) of fatty acids (41.8°C) of all strains. The clean room isolate showed strongest biofilm formation and a high tolerance to desiccation. In general, all strains survived desiccation better in absence of oxygen. There were no differences among the strains regarding radiation tolerance. Phenotypic and genomic differences among the strains observed in this study are not inevitably indicating an increased virulence of the spaceflight isolate. However, the increased growth rate, higher WAMT and colony pigmentation of the spaceflight isolate are relevant phenotypes that require further research within the human spaceflight context. We conclude that combining genetic analysis with classical microbiological methods allows the detailed assessment of the potential threat of bacteria in highly regulated and extreme environments such as spaceflight environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Siems
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Runzheimer
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Rehm
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schwengers
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Heidler von Heilborn
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Liv Kaser
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Franca Arndt
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudio Neidhöfer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Mengel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - André Lipski
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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Pavletić B, Runzheimer K, Siems K, Koch S, Cortesão M, Ramos-Nascimento A, Moeller R. Spaceflight Virology: What Do We Know about Viral Threats in the Spaceflight Environment? Astrobiology 2022; 22:210-224. [PMID: 34981957 PMCID: PMC8861927 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses constitute a significant part of the human microbiome, so wherever humans go, viruses are brought with them, even on space missions. In this mini review, we focus on the International Space Station (ISS) as the only current human habitat in space that has a diverse range of viral genera that infect microorganisms from bacteria to eukaryotes. Thus, we have reviewed the literature on the physical conditions of space habitats that have an impact on both virus transmissibility and interaction with their host, which include UV radiation, ionizing radiation, humidity, and microgravity. Also, we briefly comment on the practices used on space missions that reduce virus spread, that is, use of antimicrobial surfaces, spacecraft sterilization practices, and air filtration. Finally, we turn our attention to the health threats that viruses pose to space travel. Overall, even though efforts are taken to ensure safe conditions during human space travel, for example, preflight quarantines of astronauts, we reflect on the potential risks humans might be exposed to and how those risks might be aggravated in extraterrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pavletić
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Runzheimer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Siems
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Stella Koch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Marta Cortesão
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
- Address correspondence to: Ralf Moeller, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology, Linder Hoehe, Building 24, Room 104, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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Cortesão M, Siems K, Koch S, Beblo-Vranesevic K, Rabbow E, Berger T, Lane M, James L, Johnson P, Waters SM, Verma SD, Smith DJ, Moeller R. MARSBOx: Fungal and Bacterial Endurance From a Balloon-Flown Analog Mission in the Stratosphere. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:601713. [PMID: 33692763 PMCID: PMC7937622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.601713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether terrestrial life can withstand the martian environment is of paramount interest for planetary protection measures and space exploration. To understand microbial survival potential in Mars-like conditions, several fungal and bacterial samples were launched in September 2019 on a large NASA scientific balloon flight to the middle stratosphere (∼38 km altitude) where radiation levels resembled values at the equatorial Mars surface. Fungal spores of Aspergillus niger and bacterial cells of Salinisphaera shabanensis, Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis, and Buttiauxella sp. MASE-IM-9 were launched inside the MARSBOx (Microbes in Atmosphere for Radiation, Survival, and Biological Outcomes Experiment) payload filled with an artificial martian atmosphere and pressure throughout the mission profile. The dried microorganisms were either exposed to full UV-VIS radiation (UV dose = 1148 kJ m−2) or were shielded from radiation. After the 5-h stratospheric exposure, samples were assayed for survival and metabolic changes. Spores from the fungus A. niger and cells from the Gram-(–) bacterium S. shabanensis were the most resistant with a 2- and 4-log reduction, respectively. Exposed Buttiauxella sp. MASE-IM-9 was completely inactivated (both with and without UV exposure) and S. capitis subsp. capitis only survived the UV shielded experimental condition (3-log reduction). Our results underscore a wide variation in survival phenotypes of spacecraft associated microorganisms and support the hypothesis that pigmented fungi may be resistant to the martian surface if inadvertently delivered by spacecraft missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cortesão
- Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Siems
- Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stella Koch
- Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Beblo-Vranesevic
- Astrobiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Rabbow
- Astrobiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- Biophysics Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Lane
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Engineering Directorate, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, United States
| | - Leandro James
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Engineering Directorate, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, United States
| | - Prital Johnson
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Engineering Directorate, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, United States
| | - Samantha M Waters
- Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Research Branch, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Sonali D Verma
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Research Branch, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - David J Smith
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Research Branch, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2016On the molecular level humans sense food by a variety of specialized tissues which express sensory receptors to handle nutritive value. In general, this means the interplay of gustatory, olfactory, trigeminal and haptic sensation is translated into perception and leads, in terms of taste, to descriptions like sweet, bitter, salty, sour and umami. Further perceptions include astringent, cool, hot, prickle, lingering, kokumi and fatty to name predominant characterizations. It is still not fully understood how this plethora of impressions can be perceived by quite a limited number of receptors obviously being the initial compilers to judge palatability. However, since the discovery of mammalian taste receptors (TASRs) almost 30 years ago the use of taste receptors in cell-based screening campaigns is advancing in industrial approaches. The article will highlight the impacts and the limits of cell-based guided identification of taste modulators for food applications with an emphasis on sweet, bitter and savory taste as well as implications emerging from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Riedel
- BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Str. 34-36, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany.
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Weidner C, Wowro SJ, Freiwald A, Kawamoto K, Witzke A, Kliem M, Siems K, Müller-Kuhrt L, Schroeder FC, Sauer S. Amorfrutin B is an efficient natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist with potent glucose-lowering properties. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1802-12. [PMID: 23680913 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important gene regulator in glucose and lipid metabolism. Unfortunately, PPARγ-activating drugs of the thiazolidinedione class provoke adverse side effects. As recently shown, amorfrutin A1 is a natural glucose-lowering compound that selectively modulates PPARγ. In this study we aimed to characterise, in vitro, a large spectrum of the amorfrutins and similar molecules, which we isolated from various plants. We further studied in vivo the glucose-lowering effects of the so far undescribed amorfrutin B, which featured the most striking PPARγ-binding and pharmacological properties of this family of plant metabolites. METHODS Amorfrutins were investigated in vitro by binding and cofactor recruitment assays and by transcriptional activation assays in primary human adipocytes and murine preosteoblasts, as well as in vivo using insulin-resistant high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice treated for 27 days with 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) amorfrutin B. RESULTS Amorfrutin B showed low nanomolar binding affinity to PPARγ, and micromolar binding to the isotypes PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Amorfrutin B selectively modulated PPARγ activity at low nanomolar concentrations. In insulin-resistant mice, amorfrutin B considerably improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and blood lipid variables after several days of treatment. Amorfrutin B treatment did not induce weight gain and furthermore showed liver-protecting properties. Additionally, amorfrutins had no adverse effects on osteoblastogenesis and fluid retention. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The application of plant-derived amorfrutins or synthetic analogues thereof constitutes a promising approach to prevent or treat complex metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weidner
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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Zarse K, Bossecker A, Müller-Kuhrt L, Siems K, Hernandez MA, Berendsohn WG, Birringer M, Ristow M. The phytochemical glaucarubinone promotes mitochondrial metabolism, reduces body fat, and extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:241-3. [PMID: 21264793 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds that promote energy expenditure and delay aging in model organisms may be of significant interest, since these substances potentially provide pharmaceutical approaches to tackle obesity and promote healthy lifespan in humans. We aimed to test whether pharmaceutical concentrations of glaucarubinone, a cytotoxic and antimalarial quassinoid known from different species of the plant family Simaroubaceae, are capable of affecting metabolism and/or extending lifespan in a nematodal model organism for aging processes, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Adult C. elegans roundworms, maintained on agar plates, were fed with E. coli strain OP50 bacteria, and glaucarubinone was applied to the agar to test (i) whether it alters respiration rates and mitochondrial activity, (ii) whether it affects body fat content, and (iii) whether it may promote longevity by quantifying survival in the presence and absence of the compound. We have found that glaucarubinone induces oxygen consumption and reduces body fat content of C. elegans. Moreover and consistent with the concept of mitohormesis, glaucarubinone extends C. elegans lifespan when applied at a concentration of 1 or 10 nanomolar. Taken together, glaucarubinone is capable of reducing body fat and promoting longevity in C. elegans, tentatively suggesting that this compound may promote metabolic health and lifespan in mammals and possibly humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zarse
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Zimmermann S, Zarse K, Schulz TJ, Siems K, Müller-Kuhrt L, Birringer M, Ristow M. A cell-based high-throughput assay system reveals modulation of oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism due to commonly used organic solvents. Horm Metab Res 2008; 40:29-37. [PMID: 18197582 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 96-well format screening system was generated to quantify changes in nonoxidative glucose metabolism and oxidative pyruvate metabolism. D-Glucose uptake from the supernatant media was quantified by the glucose oxidase method, and L-lactate production of cells was quantified by the lactate dehydrogenase method applied on supernatant media. Mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) fluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was determined by quantification of dihydrodichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of myocytes was determined using the luciferin reaction, and cellular respiration was quantified using commercially available, precoated microtiter plates. These six assays were used to determine the putative influence of organic solvents, namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, methanol, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0% (vol/vol), respectively, on glucose and pyruvate metabolism after 4 and 24 hours. In summary, all solvents induced significant changes in regard to one or several of the parameters evaluated, affecting cellular glucose uptake, glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, or oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, this comprehensive HTS evaluation should enable researchers to choose specific organic solvents on a rational basis to avoid nonspecific effects in cultured cells and tissue culture based experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zimmermann
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Froelich S, Siems K, Hernández MA, Ibarra RA, Berendsohn WG, Jenett-Siems K. Phenolic glycosides from Exostema mexicanum leaves. Pharmazie 2006; 61:641-4. [PMID: 16889074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Exostema mexicanum led to the isolation of two novel acylated flavonol glycosides 6, 7 and three glycosides 1-4 structurally belonging to the group of 4-phenylcoumarins. One of them, 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2), turned out to be new. Furthermore, the 4-phenylcoumarin aglycone 3'-hydroxy-4',5,7-trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (5) was obtained. The in vitro cytotoxicity of 3-5 against the cell line ECV-304 was evaluated; the aglycone 5 was highly cytotoxic, whereas the glycosidic compounds 3 and 4 were inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Froelich
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Schimming T, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Witte L, Eich E. N1,N10-ditigloylspermidine, a novel alkaloid from the seeds of Ipomoea nil. Pharmazie 2005; 60:958-9. [PMID: 16398277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel spermidine alkaloid, N1,N10-ditigloylspermidine (1), has been isolated from the seeds of Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth (Convolvulaceae). Structural elucidation was achieved by EIMS, HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schimming
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Three new 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid derivatives, 4-methoxy-3,5-bis-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl)benzoate, 3-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid, and 3-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester together with eight known compounds, have been isolated from the stems of Piper hispidum. Their structures were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the cytotoxicity of seven isolated compounds has been evaluated, revealing a moderate activity for three derivatives of dillapiole.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Friedrich
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin
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Kraft C, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Solis PN, Gupta MP, Bienzle U, Eich E. Andinermals A-C, antiplasmodial constituents from Andira inermis. Phytochemistry 2001; 58:769-774. [PMID: 11672743 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves from Andira inermis was undertaken as part of a screening program to verify the traditional use of herbal remedies against malaria. Among the isolated phenolic compounds three novel 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carbaldehydes, andinermal A-C, were obtained together with a new flavanonol glycoside, taxifolin-3-O-(3"-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kraft
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Witte L, Eich E. Merrekentrones A-D, ipomeamarone-like furanosesquiterpenes from Merremia kentrocaulos. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:1471-1473. [PMID: 11720538 DOI: 10.1021/np010233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Four new furanosesquiterpenes, merrekentrones A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the roots and rootstocks of Merremia kentrocaulos. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. In contrast to ipomeamarone (5), the well-known phytoalexin of Ipomoea batatas, 1-4 seem to be normal plant constituents. Merrekentrone A (1) was also detected in the roots of M. guerrichii and M. aurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jenett-Siems
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Köhler I, Jenett-Siems K, Mockenhaupt FP, Siems K, Jakupovic J, González JC, Hernández MA, Ibarra RA, Berendsohn WG, Bienzle U, Eich E. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of 4-phenylcoumarins from Exostema mexicanum. Planta Med 2001; 67:89-91. [PMID: 11270733 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-10630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark of Exostema mexicanum (Rubiaceae) is used in Latin American folk medicine as a quinine substitute for malaria treatment. Bioassay-guided fractionation of lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from the stem bark and branches yielded two previously undescribed 4-phenylcoumarins: 4',8-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (exomexin A) and 3',4'-dihydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (exomexin B). Together with five known derivatives the in vitro activities against a chloroquine-sensitive strain (poW) and a chloroquine-resistant strain (Dd2) of Plasmodium falciparum have been evaluated. The most lipophilic compound, 4',5,7,8-tetramethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (O-methylexostemin) revealed the strongest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 values: 3.6 microg/ml [poW], 1.6 microg/ml [Dd2]).
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Abstract
Aphidicolin and a series of semisynthetic aphidicolan derivatives have been identified in in vitro tests as novel drugs with antiparasitic potential. All compounds have been tested against extracellular promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, L. infantum, L. enriettii, and L. major and against intracellular amastigotes of L. donovani in murine macrophages. The compounds showed antileishmanial activity at concentrations in the microgram range (50% effective concentration [EC(50)] = 0.02 to 1.83 microg/ml). The most active derivative (aphidicolin-17-glycinate hydrochloride) had EC(50)s of 0. 2 microg/ml against extracellular and 0.02 microg/ml against intracellular L. donovani parasites. To validate the pharmacological potential of tested drugs, pharmacological safety was determined by testing all compounds against two neoplastic cell lines (squamous carcinoma [KB] and melanoma [SK-Mel]) and against murine bone marrow-derived macrophages as host cells. With minor exceptions only for macrophages, tested aphidicolans did not show significant cytotoxicity (EC(50) > 25.0 microg/ml). Structure-activity relationships of these aphidicolan derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kayser
- Institute of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Freie Universität, D-12169 Berlin, Germany.
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Schimming T, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Witte L, Gupta MP, Eich E. Iseluxine: a novel isoquinolinone alkaloid from Iseia luxurians. Z NATURFORSCH C 2000; 55:1023-5. [PMID: 11204180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel isoquinolinone alkaloid, iseluxine (1), has been isolated from the epigeal parts of Iseia luxurians (MORIC.) O'DONELL (Convolvulaceae), a climber indigenous to the tropical Americas. Structural elucidation was achieved by HRMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HMBC spectroscopy. N- and/or O-methyl derivatives of 1 are already known from certain Magnoliidae families, e.g., the Fumariaceae, the Lauraceae, or the Papaveraceae. Iseluxine, the "missing link" in the biosynthesis of these methyl derivatives from dopamine, is the first isoquinolinone alkaloid characterized by a catechol substructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schimming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The stem bark and seeds of Andira inermis, Fabaceae, are employed as a purgative, vermifuge, and febrifuge. In particular, the powdered bark is claimed to be efficacious in intermittent fever. Bioassay-guided fractionation of lipophilic extracts from the stems and leaves yielded six isoflavones: biochanin A, calycosin, formononetin, genistein, pratensein, and prunetin. Calycosin (3', 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone) and genistein (4',5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone) have been shown to possess in vitro activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain poW and the chloroquine-resistant clone Dd2 of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kraft
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2-4, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Jakupovic J, Solis PN, Gupta MP, Mockenhaupt FP, Bienzle U, Eich E. Sipandinolide: a butenolide including a novel type of carbon skeleton from Siparuna andina. Planta Med 2000; 66:384-385. [PMID: 10865465 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
From a lipophilic extract of leaves of Siparuna andina (Monimiaceae), which exhibited antiplasmodial activity in vitro, two new compounds have been isolated: sipandinolide (1), a compound with a novel type of carbon skeleton and (-)-cis-3-acetoxy-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone (2). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods; 2 showed moderate antiplasmodial activity whereas 1 was inactive.
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Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of Holarrhena floribunda stem, has led to the isolation of the new trichothecenes, 8-dihydrotrichothecinol A (1), loukacinol A (2), and loukacinol B (3), and the known compounds, trichothecolone (4), trichothecin (5), trichothecinol A (6), rosenonolactone (7), 6beta-hydroxyrosenonolactone (8), and rosololactone (9). The structures were determined by spectral and chemical methods, and absolute configurations were established by a modified Horeau's method using HPLC. Compounds 1 and 6 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines, whereas compound 8 showed moderate and weak antileishmanial activity toward extracellular and intracellular Leishmania donovani, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loukaci
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, FCT-UNL, 2825-114 Caparica, Portugal, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Strasse, 2-4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Tofern B, Jenett-Siems K, Siems K, Jakupovic J, Eich E. Bonaspectins and neobonaspectins, first sesquilignans and sesquineolignans from a convolvulaceous species. Phytochemistry 2000; 53:119-128. [PMID: 10656419 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Four new tetrahydrofuran-type sesquilignans, named bonaspectin A, bonaspectin B, bonaspectin C 4''-beta-glucoside and bonaspectin D 4''-beta-glucoside, as well as two new 8.O.4'-type sesquineolignans, named neobonaspectin A and B, were isolated from the aerial vegetative parts of Bonamia spectabilis (Convolvulaceae), together with the known compound rel-(7S,8S,7'R,8'R)-3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7.O.7',8.8'-lignan. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tofern
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Abreu PM, Martins ES, Kayser O, Bindseil KU, Siems K, Seemann A, Frevert J. Antimicrobial, antitumor and antileishmania screening of medicinal plants from Guinea-Bissau. Phytomedicine 1999; 6:187-195. [PMID: 10439484 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-7113(99)80008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Following an ethnobotanical search carried out in Guinea-Bissau, eighteen extracts derived from sixteen medicinal species were screened for antimicrobial, antitumor and antileishmania activity. Significant antitumor activity was found for Holarrhena floribunda against KB (squamous carcinoma), SK-Mel 28 (melanoma), A 549 (lung carcinoma) and MDA-MB 231 (mamma carcinoma) cell lines, with corresponding IC50 values of 7.9, 9.0, 3.4 and 9.9 micrograms/ml. Khaya senegalensis and Anthostema senegalense exhibited a significant activity against Leishmania donovani with IC50 values of 9.8 and 9.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. Most of the extracts showed week or moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity, with MIC values in the range 0.25-1.0 mg/ml. Active extracts were submitted to bioassay-guided fractionation, and the IC50 and MIC of the active fractions were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Abreu
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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Cinatl J, Cinatl J, Kotchetkov R, Driever PH, Bertels S, Siems K, Jas G, Bindseil K, Rabenau HF, Pouckova P, Doerr HW, Schwabe D. Aphidicolin glycinate inhibits human neuroblastoma cell growth in vivo. Oncol Rep 1999; 6:563-8. [PMID: 10203592 DOI: 10.3892/or.6.3.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphidicolin is a fungal derived tetracyclic diterpene antibiotic. It is selectively toxic for neuroblastoma (NB) cells in vitro but has no significant effects on the viability of normal human cells and a variety of other tumor entities. We evaluated the antitumoral effects of the water soluble ester aphidicolin glycinate (AphiG) on established human NB xenografts from UKF-NB-3 cells in athymic (nude) mice. Furthermore, we explored the efficacy of direct intraneoplastic and systemic delivery of AphiG. Systemic administration of AphiG (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice per day on 10 consecutive days) significantly suppressed tumor growth but was not able to induce any cures. In contrast, intratumoral AphiG injections (60 or 40 mg/kg/twice a day for 4 days) induced complete tumor regression. Two weeks after the end of treatment no tumor cells were microscopically detectable. Animals were free of tumor for more than 90 days. Histologic examination of inner organs and bone marrow did not reveal any apparent toxic effects of AphiG. These data strongly indicate that AphiG deserves further evaluation as a specific treatment for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cinatl
- Institut fur Medizinische Virologie, Zentrum der Hygiene, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kayser O, Kiderlen AF, Siems K. Novel antiparasitic diterpenoids and development of a potential drug delivery system for targeting leishmania infected macrophages. Parasitol Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Siems K, Jaensch M, Jakupovic J. Structures of the two saponins isolated from commercially available root extract of Primula sp. Planta Med 1998; 64:272-274. [PMID: 9581526 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The two main saponins of commercially available extract of Primula sp. were isolated by HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as already known primulasaponin (1) and the new 3-O-¿[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-glucopyranosyl - (1-->2)]-beta-glucuronopyranosyl]¿-protoprimulagenin A (2).
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Lombó F, Siems K, Braña AF, Méndez C, Bindseil K, Salas JA. Cloning and insertional inactivation of Streptomyces argillaceus genes involved in the earliest steps of biosynthesis of the sugar moieties of the antitumor polyketide mithramycin. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:3354-7. [PMID: 9150235 PMCID: PMC179118 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.10.3354-3357.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two genes (mtmD and mtmE) were cloned and sequenced from the mithramycin producer Streptomyces argillaceus. Comparison with proteins in databases and enzymatic assays after expression in Escherichia coli showed that they encode a glucose-1-phosphate:TTP thymidylyl transferase and a TDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, respectively. The mtmD gene was inactivated by gene replacement, generating a nonproducing mutant that accumulates a tetracyclic compound designated premithramycinone. The identification of premithramycinone reveals new aspects of the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway and suggests that at least some glycosylations occur before breakage of the fourth ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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