1
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Moss C, Sugai N, Persons R, Ciepluch B, Lahmers K, Cecere J. Case report: Clitoral adenocarcinoma in a mixed-breed female dog. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264538. [PMID: 37841455 PMCID: PMC10570542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was initially presented for evaluation of chronic dermatitis on the nasal planum, where a clitoral mass was discovered as an incidental finding during the exam. No further investigation of the clitoral mass was undertaken due to other significant dermal lesions and the lack of clinical significance of the mass at the time. However, ~1 month later, the dog was presented to the Emergency Service for bleeding from the vulva. The clitoral mass was found to have prolapsed; the mass was manually reduced back into a position within the vulvar folds and maintained with a purse-string suture. The dog was referred to the Theriogenology Service for further investigation and removal. On follow-up evaluation, the mass was noted to be multi-lobulated, ulcerated, cystic, and involving the clitoris but not the urethra. The urethra was easily catheterized, and no urinary abnormalities were found. No evidence of lymph node metastasis or hypercalcemia was noted prior to surgery. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the anal sacs was normal. The mass was removed, and histopathologic evaluation revealed a primary clitoral adenocarcinoma. On recheck evaluation, after 1 month, no evidence of metastasis or local recurrence was observed. Clitoral adenocarcinoma is a rarely reported neoplasm of the canine genital tract that shares many clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features with canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. This case adds to the available knowledge on the condition, specifically regarding the frequency of complications such as hypercalcemia and metastasis, as previous reports suggest that these are present at least 50% of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Sugai
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca Persons
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brittany Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julie Cecere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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2
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Saklou N, Pleasant S, Lahmers K, Funk R. Prevalence of Latent Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 in Submandibular Lymph Nodes of Horses in Virginia. Pathogens 2023; 12:813. [PMID: 37375503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) typically causes mild respiratory disease, but it can also cause late-term abortion, neonatal foal death and neurologic disease. Once a horse is infected, the virus concentrates to local lymphoid tissue, where it becomes latent. The virus can be reactivated during times of stress, which can lead to the initiation of devastating outbreaks. Understanding the carriage rate of latent EHV-1 in different geographic regions is essential for managing the disease. The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of latent EHV-1 and compare the frequency of each variant in the submandibular lymph nodes of horses in Virginia. Sixty-three submandibular lymph nodes were collected post-partem from horses submitted to regional labs for necropsy, and qPCR was performed. All samples were negative for the gB gene of EHV-1. The results demonstrated a low apparent prevalence of latent EHV-1 DNA in submandibular lymph nodes in this population of horses in Virginia. Despite this, the mainstay for outbreak prevention and mitigation continues to focus on minimizing risks and using appropriate and diligent biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saklou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, The University of Maryland, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Scott Pleasant
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Maryland, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, The University of Maryland, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Rebecca Funk
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Maryland, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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3
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Telionis A, Lahmers K, Todd M, Carbonello A, Broaddus CC, Bissett CJ, Hungerford LL. Distribution of Theileria orientalis in Virginia Market Cattle, 2018-2020. Pathogens 2022; 11:1353. [PMID: 36422604 PMCID: PMC9695988 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileria orientalis, genotype Ikeda, was recently detected in North America. Determining the emerging distribution of this pathogen is critical for understanding spread and developing management strategies. Whole blood samples were collected from cattle at Virginia livestock markets from September 2018 through December 2020. Animals were tested for T. orientalis using a universal and then genotype specific real-time PCR based on the MPSP gene. Prevalence for each genotype was analyzed for temporal trends and mapped by county. Spatial patterns were compared between genotypes and assessed for associations with habitat features, cattle movements through cattle markets and county proximity. Overall, 212 of 1980 samples tested positive for T. orientalis with an overall prevalence of 8.7% (172/1980) for genotype Ikeda, 1.8% (36/1980) for genotype Chitose, 0.2% (3/1980) for genotype Buffeli. The Ikeda genotype increased over time in northern and southwestern Virginia markets. The Ikeda and Chitose genotypes occurred in different regions, with little overlap, but for each genotype, spatial distribution was associated with a combination of cattle movements and environmental factors. Genotype specific qPCR testing and surveillance of cattle from across a wide area of Virginia are providing information on temporal, spatial, and other patterns for this emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Telionis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services (ViTALS), Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Michelle Todd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services (ViTALS), Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Amanda Carbonello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services (ViTALS), Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Charles C. Broaddus
- Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Carolynn J. Bissett
- Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Laura L. Hungerford
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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4
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Warasi MS, Hungerford LL, Lahmers K. Optimizing Pooled Testing for Estimating the Prevalence of Multiple Diseases. JABES 2022; 27:713-727. [PMID: 35975123 PMCID: PMC9373899 DOI: 10.1007/s13253-022-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pooled testing can enhance the efficiency of diagnosing individuals with diseases of low prevalence. Often, pooling is implemented using standard groupings (2, 5, 10, etc.). On the other hand, optimization theory can provide specific guidelines in finding the ideal pool size and pooling strategy. This article focuses on optimizing the precision of disease prevalence estimators calculated from multiplex pooled testing data. In the context of a surveillance application of animal diseases, we study the estimation efficiency (i.e., precision) and cost efficiency of the estimators with adjustments for the number of expended tests. This enables us to determine the pooling strategies that offer the highest benefits when jointly estimating the prevalence of multiple diseases, such as theileriosis and anaplasmosis. The outcomes of our work can be used in designing pooled testing protocols, not only in simple pooling scenarios but also in more complex scenarios where individual retesting is performed in order to identify positive cases. A software application using the shiny package in R is provided with this article to facilitate implementation of our methods. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md S. Warasi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Radford University, Whitt Hall 224, Radford, VA 24142 USA
| | - Laura L. Hungerford
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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5
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Hixson H, Coutermarsh‐Ott S, Ciepluch B, Kierski K, Lahmers K, Tuohy J. Retroperitoneal myxosarcoma in a cat. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6063. [PMID: 35846922 PMCID: PMC9280748 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This report details a retroperitoneal myxosarcoma in a cat that exhibited extremely aggressive biological behavior. An exploratory midline celiotomy revealed a left‐sided retroperitoneal mass firmly adhered to the hypaxial musculature. Histopathological evaluation identified the mass as a myxosarcoma. Following surgical excision, the mass rapidly recurred within 6 weeks after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh Hixson
- Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh‐Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Brittany Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Katharine Kierski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Joanne Tuohy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia USA
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6
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Davis AM, Lahmers K, Trusiano B, Zimmerman K, Romeiser J, Tuohy J. Cholesterol Granuloma of the Cranial Mediastinum in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:129-136. [PMID: 35576403 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 10 yr old female spayed Pomeranian presented with a history of dyspnea and coughing and was diagnosed with a cranial mediastinal mass presumed to be a thymoma. Surgical removal was elected and occurred without intraoperative complications. Histopathology revealed the lesion to be a cholesterol granuloma. The patient developed a brief period of increased respiratory difficulty 3 days postoperatively. Thoracic radiographs showed mild pleural effusion and the patient improved with supportive care. Five months postoperatively, repeat thoracic radiographs revealed no evidence of recurrence or respiratory pathology. This case report describes a cholesterol granuloma in a unique location and reviews the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of this type of mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Brie Trusiano
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kurt Zimmerman
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jake Romeiser
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Joanne Tuohy
- From the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
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7
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Han S, Dadone L, Ferguson S, Bapodra-Villaverde P, Dennis PM, Aruho R, Sadar MJ, Fennessy J, Driciru M, Muneza AB, Brown MB, Johnston M, Lahmers K. Giraffe skin disease: Clinicopathologic characterization of cutaneous filariasis in the critically endangered Nubian giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis). Vet Pathol 2022; 59:467-475. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is an emerging disease of free-ranging giraffe recognized in the last 25 years in several species, including the critically endangered Nubian giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) of Uganda. Identifying the cause of GSD and understanding its impact on health were deemed paramount to supporting these vulnerable populations. Sixty-four giraffes were immobilized in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda, from 2017 to 2019, and GSD lesions were opportunistically biopsied. Fifty-five giraffes (86%) had GSD lesions on the neck, axilla, chest, and cranial trunk. Lesions were categorized into early, intermediary, and dormant stages based on gross and histological characteristics. Early lesions were smaller, crusted nodules with eosinophilic and pyogranulomatous dermatitis and furunculosis. Intermediary lesions were thick plaques of proliferative and fissured hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with dense dermal granulation tissue and severe eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis. Lesions appeared to resolve to dormancy, with dormant lesions consisting of hairless plaques of hyperkeratosis with dermal scarring and residual inflammation. The periphery of early and intermediary lesions included follicular granulomas containing adult filarid nematodes, with myriad encysted microfilariae in the superficial dermis. Stage L3 larvae were common in early and intermediary lesions, and dormant lesions had remnant encysted microfilariae with no adult or stage L3 larvae. Nematodes were morphologically and genetically novel with close identity to Stephanofilaria spp. and Brugia malayi, which cause infectious filariasis. Identification of potential insect vectors, long-term monitoring of GSD lesions, and evaluating response to therapy is ongoing in the efforts to help conserve the Nubian giraffe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Han
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael B. Brown
- Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Windhoek, Namibia
- Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, Blacksburg, VA
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8
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Mitchell PK, Wang L, Stanhope BJ, Cronk BD, Anderson R, Mohan S, Zhou L, Sanchez S, Bartlett P, Maddox C, DeShambo V, Mani R, Hengesbach LM, Gresch S, Wright K, Mor S, Zhang S, Shen Z, Yan L, Mackey R, Franklin-Guild R, Zhang Y, Prarat M, Shiplett K, Ramachandran A, Narayanan S, Sanders J, Hunkapiller AA, Lahmers K, Carbonello AA, Aulik N, Lim A, Cooper J, Jones A, Guag J, Nemser SM, Tyson GH, Timme R, Strain E, Reimschuessel R, Ceric O, Goodman LB. Multi-laboratory evaluation of the Illumina iSeq platform for whole genome sequencing of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria. Microb Genom 2022; 8:000717. [PMID: 35113783 PMCID: PMC8942033 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for public health and veterinary laboratories to perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and protecting the safety of people and animals. With the availability of smaller and more affordable sequencing platforms coupled with well-defined bioinformatic protocols, the technological capability to incorporate this technique for real-time surveillance and genomic epidemiology has greatly expanded. There is a need, however, to ensure that data are of high quality. The goal of this study was to assess the utility of a small benchtop sequencing platform using a multi-laboratory verification approach. Thirteen laboratories were provided the same equipment, reagents, protocols and bacterial reference strains. The Illumina DNA Prep and Nextera XT library preparation kits were compared, and 2×150 bp iSeq i100 chemistry was used for sequencing. Analyses comparing the sequences produced from this study with closed genomes from the provided strains were performed using open-source programs. A detailed, step-by-step protocol is publicly available via protocols.io (https://www.protocols.io/view/iseq-bacterial-wgs-protocol-bij8kcrw). The throughput for this method is approximately 4-6 bacterial isolates per sequencing run (20-26 Mb total load). The Illumina DNA Prep library preparation kit produced high-quality assemblies and nearly complete AMR gene annotations. The Prep method produced more consistent coverage compared to XT, and when coverage benchmarks were met, nearly all AMR, virulence and subtyping gene targets were correctly identified. Because it reduces the technical and financial barriers to generating WGS data, the iSeq platform is a viable option for small laboratories interested in genomic surveillance of microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Leyi Wang,
| | | | | | - Renee Anderson
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shipra Mohan
- Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Kissimmee, FL, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Kissimmee, FL, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine,, GA, USA
| | - Paula Bartlett
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine,, GA, USA
| | - Carol Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vanessa DeShambo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Michigan State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Gresch
- University of Minnesota, Veterinary Diagnostic Lboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Katie Wright
- University of Minnesota, Veterinary Diagnostic Lboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sunil Mor
- University of Minnesota, Veterinary Diagnostic Lboratory, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lifang Yan
- Mississippi State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MS, USA
| | - Rebecca Mackey
- Mississippi State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MS, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Melanie Prarat
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Katherine Shiplett
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sai Narayanan
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Justin Sanders
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andree A. Hunkapiller
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Aulik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ailam Lim
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Cooper
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angelica Jones
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jake Guag
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah M. Nemser
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory H. Tyson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Timme
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Errol Strain
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Renate Reimschuessel
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Olgica Ceric
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Laura B. Goodman
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Laura B. Goodman,
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9
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Trout Fryxell RT, Vann DN, Butler RA, Paulsen DJ, Chandler JG, Willis MP, Wyrosdick HM, Schaefer JJ, Gerhold RW, Grove DM, Ivey JZ, Thompson KW, Applegate RD, Sweaney J, Daniels S, Beaty S, Balthaser D, Freye JD, Mertins JW, Bonilla DL, Lahmers K. Rapid Discovery and Detection of Haemaphysalis longicornis through the Use of Passive Surveillance and Collaboration: Building a State Tick-Surveillance Network. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7980. [PMID: 34360274 PMCID: PMC8345789 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Between March 2019 and February 2020, Asian long-horned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901) were discovered and collected for the first time in one middle and seven eastern Tennessee counties, facilitated by a newly developed passive and collaborative tick-surveillance network. Network collaborators included federal, state, county, university, and private resource personnel working with companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. Specimens were collected primarily from dogs and cattle, with initial detections of female adult stage ticks by stakeholders associated with parasitology positions (e.g., entomologists and veterinary parasitologists). Initial county tick detections were confirmed with morphological and molecular identifications, and then screened for the presence of animal-associated pathogens (Anaplasma marginale, Babesia species, Ehrlichia species, and Theileria orientalis), for which all tests were negative. Herein, we describe the identification and confirmation of these tick specimens as well as other results of the surveillance collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Trout Fryxell
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.B.); (D.J.P.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Dené N. Vann
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.N.V.); (H.M.W.); (J.J.S.); (R.W.G.)
| | - Rebecca A. Butler
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.B.); (D.J.P.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Dave J. Paulsen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.B.); (D.J.P.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Jennifer G. Chandler
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.B.); (D.J.P.); (J.G.C.)
| | - Micah P. Willis
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Heidi M. Wyrosdick
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.N.V.); (H.M.W.); (J.J.S.); (R.W.G.)
| | - John J. Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.N.V.); (H.M.W.); (J.J.S.); (R.W.G.)
| | - Richard W. Gerhold
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.N.V.); (H.M.W.); (J.J.S.); (R.W.G.)
| | - Daniel M. Grove
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jennie Z. Ivey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Kevin W. Thompson
- Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Roger D. Applegate
- Wildlife and Forestry Division, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN 37211, USA; (R.D.A.); (J.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Joy Sweaney
- Wildlife and Forestry Division, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN 37211, USA; (R.D.A.); (J.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sterling Daniels
- Wildlife and Forestry Division, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN 37211, USA; (R.D.A.); (J.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Samantha Beaty
- State Veterinarians’ Office, Ellington Agricultural Center, Tennessee Department of Agriculture, Nashville, TN 37220, USA; (S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Douglas Balthaser
- State Veterinarians’ Office, Ellington Agricultural Center, Tennessee Department of Agriculture, Nashville, TN 37220, USA; (S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - James D. Freye
- Tennessee Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, TN 37220, USA;
| | - James W. Mertins
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Denise L. Bonilla
- Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
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10
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Helms AB, Balogh O, Franklin-Guild R, Lahmers K, Caswell CC, Cecere JT. Presumptive Identification of Smooth Brucella Strain Antibodies in Canines. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697479. [PMID: 34307536 PMCID: PMC8295921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a Gram-negative coccobacillus. There are four Brucella strains of zoonotic importance in our domestic species, subdivided by their culture phenotypes: Brucella abortus (B. abortus), B. melitensis, B. suis (smooth strains) and B. canis (rough strain). Dogs can serve as hosts for all four of the zoonotic strains; however, routine serologic testing in dogs has been limited to the identification of B. canis antibodies. The aim of our study was to identify smooth Brucella strain antibodies in canines. We hypothesize that the Brucella abortus Fluorescence Polarization Assay would be successful in identifying smooth Brucella strain antibodies in canines. Ninety-five dogs, including forty-five hog hunting dogs were screened for circulating antibodies to any of the four zoonotic strains of the bacteria utilizing a combination of Canine Brucella Slide Agglutination Test (CBSA), Brucella canis Agar Gel Immunodiffusion II test (AGIDII), Brucella abortus Card Agglutination Test (BCA), and the Brucella abortus Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA). Test interpretation results yielded a 0% (0/95) smooth Brucella strain seropositivity rate, with 2% (2/95) of dogs yielding inconclusive rough Brucella strain serology results (0–2% rough strain seropositivity rate). Additionally, a retrospective portion of the study was performed to identify sera containing circulating antibodies to any of the smooth strains of Brucella by testing previously banked canine serum samples stored at Cornell's Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2018 to 2019 via Brucella abortus FPA. Of the 769 serum samples tested, 13/769 (1.7%) yielded an inconclusive result, 725/769 (94.2%) were negative, 30/769 (4%) yielded a positive FPA test result, and 1/769 (0.1%) had to be excluded due to insufficient sample remaining to perform the diagnostic test. Of the 30 FPA positive canine serum samples, 97% (29/30) also tested positive on the CBSA test. Additionally, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) likelihood of altered (spayed/neutered) and mixed breed dogs to be FPA positive when compared to intact, purebred dogs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Helms
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, , Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, , Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca Franklin-Guild
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Clayton C Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julie T Cecere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, , Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Goodman L, Lahmers K. Special issue on applied next-generation sequencing in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:177-178. [PMID: 33685332 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721995676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Petruzzi B, Dickerman A, Lahmers K, Scarratt WK, Inzana TJ. Polymicrobial Biofilm Interaction Between Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1561. [PMID: 32754136 PMCID: PMC7366659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida are two of multiple agents responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle. Following respiratory infection of calves with H. somni, P. multocida may also be isolated from the lower respiratory tract. Because H. somni may form a biofilm during BRD, we sought to determine if P. multocida can co-exist with H. somni in a polymicrobial biofilm in vitro and in vivo. Interactions between the two species in the biofilm were characterized and quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The biofilm matrix of each species was examined using fluorescently tagged lectins (FTL) specific for the exopolysaccharide (EPS) using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial interactions were determined by auto-aggregation and biofilm morphology. Pasteurella multocida and H. somni were evenly distributed in the in vitro biofilm, and both species contributed to the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. The average biomass and biofilm thickness, and the total carbohydrate and protein content of the biofilm, were greatest when both species were present. Polymicrobial bacterial suspensions auto-aggregated faster than single species suspensions, suggesting physical interactions between the two species. Almost 300 P. multocida genes were significantly differentially regulated when the bacteria were in a polymicrobial biofilm compared to a mono-species biofilm, as determined by RNA-sequencing. As expected, host genes associated with inflammation and immune response were significantly upregulated at the infection site following H. somni challenge. Encapsulated P. multocida isolates not capable of forming a substantial biofilm enhanced an in vitro polymicrobial biofilm with H. somni, indicating they contributed to the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. Indirect evidence indicated that encapsulated P. multocida also contributed to a polymicrobial biofilm in vivo. Only the EPS of H. somni could be detected by FTL staining of bovine tissues following challenge with H. somni. However, both species were isolated and an immune response to the biofilm matrix of both species was greater than the response to planktonic cells, suggesting encapsulated P. multocida may take advantage of the H. somni biofilm to persist in the host during chronic BRD. These results may have important implications for the management and prevention of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Petruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Allan Dickerman
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Virginia Tech, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - William K Scarratt
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
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Thompson AT, White S, Shaw D, Egizi A, Lahmers K, Ruder MG, Yabsley MJ. Theileria orientalis Ikeda in host-seeking Haemaphysalis longicornis in Virginia, U.S.A. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101450. [PMID: 32723633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, has recently become established in the United States. In East Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, the native and previously introduced ranges, this tick is a vector of an important pathogen of cattle, Theileria orientalis. In 2017, the pathogenic Ikeda genotype of T. orientalis was associated with cattle mortalities in Virginia and in 2018 the exotic H. longicornis was detected at this same site. To investigate the possible role of this exotic tick in the epidemiology of theileriosis in Virginia, we tested host-seeking H. longicornis for piroplasm infections. We document the detection of exotic Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype in 12.7 % (15/118) environmentally collected H. longicornis using both the 18S rRNA and major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene targets. This is the first detection of a pathogen in H. longicornis in its introduced range in the United States and offers new insight into the animal health risks associated with the introduction of this exotic tick species to North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Thompson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Seth White
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David Shaw
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrea Egizi
- Monmouth County Mosquito Control Division, Tinton Falls, NJ, USA; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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14
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Kani Y, Cecere TE, Lahmers K, LeRoith T, Zimmerman KL, Isom S, Hsu FC, Debinksi W, Robertson JL, Rossmeisl JH. Diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic brain biopsy for intracranial neoplasia in dogs: Comparison of biopsy, surgical resection, and necropsy specimens. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1384-1391. [PMID: 30990928 PMCID: PMC6524398 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) is a technique that allows for definitive diagnosis of brain lesions. Little information is available regarding the diagnostic utility of SBB in dogs with intracranial diseases. Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of SBB in dogs with brain tumors. Animals Thirty‐one client‐owned dogs that underwent SBB followed by surgical resection or necropsy examinations. Methods Retrospective observational study. Two pathologists blinded to SBB and reference standard diagnoses reviewed histologic specimens and typed and graded tumors according to World Health Organization and revised canine glioma classification criteria. Agreement between tumor type and grade from SBB were compared to reference standards and assessed using kappa statistics. Patient and technical factors associated with agreement also were examined. Results Stereotactic brain biopsy specimens were obtained from 24 dogs with gliomas and 7 with meningiomas. Tumor type agreement between SBB and the reference standard was observed in 30/31 cases (κ = 0.95). Diagnostic concordance was perfect for meningiomas. Grade agreement among gliomas was observed in 18/23 cases (κ = 0.47). Stereotactic brain biopsy underrepresented the reference standard glioma grade in cases with disagreement. The DA of SBB was 81%, with agreement noted in 56/69 biopsy samples. Smaller tumors and fewer SBB specimens obtained were significantly associated with diagnostic discordance. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The DA of SBB readily allows for the diagnosis of common brain tumors in dogs. Although glioma grade discordance was frequent, diagnoses obtained from SBB are sufficient to currently inform therapeutic decisions. Multiple SBB specimens should be collected to maximize DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitaka Kani
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thomas E Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kurt L Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Scott Isom
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Waldemar Debinksi
- Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John L Robertson
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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15
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Beard CB, Occi J, Bonilla DL, Egizi AM, Fonseca DM, Mertins JW, Backenson BP, Bajwa WI, Barbarin AM, Bertone MA, Brown J, Connally NP, Connell ND, Eisen RJ, Falco RC, James AM, Krell RK, Lahmers K, Lewis N, Little SE, Neault M, Pérez de León AA, Randall AR, Ruder MG, Saleh MN, Schappach BL, Schroeder BA, Seraphin LL, Wehtje M, Wormser GP, Yabsley MJ, Halperin W. Multistate Infestation with the Exotic Disease-Vector Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis - United States, August 2017-September 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:1310-1313. [PMID: 30496158 PMCID: PMC6276380 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6747a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Rossmeisl JH, Andriani RT, Cecere TE, Lahmers K, LeRoith T, Zimmerman KL, Gibo D, Debinski W. Frame-Based Stereotactic Biopsy of Canine Brain Masses: Technique and Clinical Results in 26 Cases. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 26664949 PMCID: PMC4672202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the methodology, diagnostic yield, and adverse events (AE) associated with frame-based stereotactic brain biopsies (FBSB) obtained from 26 dogs with solitary forebrain lesions. Medical records were reviewed from dogs that underwent FBSB using two stereotactic headframes designed for use in small animals and compatible with computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Stereotactic plans were generated from MR and CT images using commercial software, and FBSB performed both with (14/26) and without intraoperative image guidance. Records were reviewed for diagnostic yield, defined as the proportion of biopsies producing a specific neuropathological diagnosis, AE associated with FBSB, and risk factors for the development of AE. Postprocedural AE were evaluated in 19/26 dogs that did not proceed to a therapeutic intervention immediately following biopsy. Biopsy targets included intra-axial telencephalic masses (24/26), one intra-axial diencephalic mass, and one extra-axial parasellar mass. The median target volume was 1.99 cm3. No differences in patient, lesion, or outcome variables were observed between the two headframe systems used or between FBSB performed with or without intraoperative CT guidance. The diagnostic yield of FBSB was 94.6%. Needle placement error was a significant risk factor associated with procurement of non-diagnostic biopsy specimens. Gliomas were diagnosed in 24/26 dogs, and meningioma and granulomatous meningoencephalitis in 1 dog each. AE directly related to FBSB were observed in a total of 7/26 (27%) of dogs. Biopsy-associated clinical morbidity, manifesting as seizures and transient neurological deterioration, occurred in 3/19 (16%) of dogs. The case fatality rate was 5.2% (1/19 dogs), with death attributable to intracranial hemorrhage. FBSB using the described apparatus was relatively safe and effective at providing neuropathological diagnoses in dogs with focal forebrain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henry Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC , USA
| | - Rudy T Andriani
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Thomas E Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Kurt L Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Denise Gibo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC , USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC , USA
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17
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Besser TE, Cassirer EF, Potter KA, Lahmers K, Oaks JL, Shanthalingam S, Srikumaran S, Foreyt WJ. Epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep following experimental exposure to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110039. [PMID: 25302992 PMCID: PMC4193846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopneumonia is a population limiting disease of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). The cause of this disease has been a subject of debate. Leukotoxin expressing Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi produce acute pneumonia after experimental challenge but are infrequently isolated from animals in natural outbreaks. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, epidemiologically implicated in naturally occurring outbreaks, has received little experimental evaluation as a primary agent of bighorn sheep pneumonia. Methodology/Principal Findings In two experiments, bighorn sheep housed in multiple pens 7.6 to 12 m apart were exposed to M. ovipneumoniae by introduction of a single infected or challenged animal to a single pen. Respiratory disease was monitored by observation of clinical signs and confirmed by necropsy. Bacterial involvement in the pneumonic lungs was evaluated by conventional aerobic bacteriology and by culture-independent methods. In both experiments the challenge strain of M. ovipneumoniae was transmitted to all animals both within and between pens and all infected bighorn sheep developed bronchopneumonia. In six bighorn sheep in which the disease was allowed to run its course, three died with bronchopneumonia 34, 65, and 109 days after M. ovipneumoniae introduction. Diverse bacterial populations, predominantly including multiple obligate anaerobic species, were present in pneumonic lung tissues at necropsy. Conclusions/Significance Exposure to a single M. ovipneumoniae infected animal resulted in transmission of infection to all bighorn sheep both within the pen and in adjacent pens, and all infected sheep developed bronchopneumonia. The epidemiologic, pathologic and microbiologic findings in these experimental animals resembled those seen in naturally occurring pneumonia outbreaks in free ranging bighorn sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Besser
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - E. Frances Cassirer
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Lewiston, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Potter
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - J. Lindsay Oaks
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman Washington, United States of America
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Srikumaran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - William J. Foreyt
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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Lahmers K, Hayles A, Boland K, Sheng H, Hovde C. Local and systemic lymphoproliferative responses to Escherichia coli O157:H7 proteins occur after colonization and are predictive of decreased fecal shedding. (43.29). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.43.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) is a zoonotic, human, enteric pathogen with potential for life-threatening complications. Cattle asymptomatically carry the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract with colonization occurring at the rectoanal junction mucosa. Fecal material with high numbers of O157 contaminates the environment, food and water. Among the preharvest intervention attempts to reduce bovine carriage of O157, vaccination is promising. To date, immune responses to O157 have been evaluated solely by immunoglobulin response and not T cell responses. This study evaluated the bovine antigen specific lymphoproliferative responses to three recombinant O157 virulence proteins: intimin, TIR, and EspB, which elicit immunoglobulin responses among naturally exposed and experimentally challenged cattle. Lymphoproliferative responses were detected in the peripheral blood both in cattle that were challenged twice intraruminally and in naturally exposed cattle. There were also local lymphoproliferative responses in the mesorectal lymph nodes after challenge and in naturally exposed cattle. Mesorectal cell proliferation to all three proteins was ten-fold greater than proliferation in peripheral blood cells. The strength of the proliferative response prior to challenge correlates with shorter duration of shedding and decreased total shedding of O157. The presence of consistent, strong lymphoproliferative responses may be required for bovine vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haiqing Sheng
- 2School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Carolyn Hovde
- 2School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
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O'Brien RL, Chain JL, Aydintug MK, Bohrer-Kunter D, Huang Y, Hardy IR, Cambier JC, Lahmers K, Nuhsbaum T, Davidson R, Sun D, Born WK. αβ TCR⁺ T cells, but not B cells, promote autoimmune keratitis in b10 mice lacking γδ T cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:301-8. [PMID: 22199243 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate additional factors in the spontaneous development of keratitis previously reported in B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ female mice. METHODS The study tested whether susceptible B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ mice have dry eyes compared with resistant B6.TCRδ⁻/⁻ females and also rederived the B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ strain to test for the role of an infectious agent. Also assessed was whether adoptive transfer of αβ T cells from autoimmune mice induced keratitis in resistant mice. In addition, a potential role was examined for B cells or autoantibodies by B-cell inactivation, and the role of female hormones was tested by ovariectomy. Finally, the study investigated whether adoptive transfer of Vγ1⁺ γδ T cells confers protection. RESULTS Tear production in B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ females was actually higher than in B6.TCRδ⁻/⁻ controls. Rederived B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ mice still developed keratitis. Keratitis was induced in resistant mice after adoptive transfer of αβ T cells from keratitic donors. Inactivation of B cells from susceptible mice had no effect on the development of keratitis. Ovariectomy did not significantly reduce disease in B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ females. Adoptive transfer of Vγ1⁺ cells from wild-type donors reduced keratitis in B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ females. CONCLUSIONS Neither low tear levels nor ovarian hormones contribute to spontaneous keratitis in B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ female mice, nor does it appear to depend on an infectious agent carried vertically in this strain. However, αβ T cells from keratitic hosts are sufficient to induce disease in the resistant B10.TCRβ⁻/⁻δ⁻/⁻ strain. Autoaggressive αβ T cells in the absence of Vγ1⁺ T cells in B10.TCRδ⁻/⁻ mice may be insufficiently checked to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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O'Brien RL, Taylor MA, Hartley J, Nuhsbaum T, Dugan S, Lahmers K, Aydintug MK, Wands JM, Roark CL, Born WK. Protective role of gammadelta T cells in spontaneous ocular inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:3266-74. [PMID: 19151391 PMCID: PMC2701479 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A role for gammadelta T cells in immunoregulation has been shown in a number of studies, but in the absence of infection or induced disease, mice lacking gammadelta T cells generally appear to be healthy. That certain mice lacking gammadelta T cells often spontaneously develop keratitis, characterized by a progressive and destructive inflammation of the cornea is reported here. METHODS The keratitis developing in these mice was characterized in terms of prevalence in males versus females, age of onset, and histologic features. Attempts were made to understand the underlying causes of the disease by removing alphabeta T cells, altering sex hormones, and reconstituting gammadelta T cells. RESULTS The development of keratitis in these mice depended on the C57BL/10 genetic background, and was much more common among females than males. The incidence of the disease increased with age, exceeding 80% in females greater than 18 weeks old. Evidence that the keratitis in these mice is at least partly autoimmune in nature, and that despite its prevalence in females, male hormones do not protect against the disease is presented. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate an important role for gammadelta T cells in maintaining immune balance in the eye. The mice described in this study represent a potential new small animal model of keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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