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Lamb DR, Greenfield A, Thangaraju K, Setua S, Eiker G, Wang Q, Vahedi A, Khan MA, Yahya A, Cabrales P, Palmer AF, Buehler PW. The Molecular Size of Bioengineered Oxygen Carriers Determines Tissue Oxygenation in a Hypercholesterolemia Guinea Pig Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5739-5752. [PMID: 37843033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb) has shown promise in preclinical hemorrhagic shock settings. Different synthetic and purification schemes can control the size of PolyhHbs, yet research is lacking on the impact of polymerized hemoglobin size on tissue oxygenation following hemorrhage and resuscitation in specialized animal models that challenge their resuscitative capabilities. Pre-existing conditions that compromise the vasculature and end organs, such as the liver, may limit the effectiveness of resuscitation and exacerbate the toxicity of these molecules, which is an important but minimally explored therapeutic dimension. In this study, we compared the effective oxygen delivery of intermediate molecular weight PolyhHb (PolyhHb-B3; 500-750 kDa) to high molecular weight PolyhHb (PolyhHb-B4; 750 kDa-0.2 μm) for resuscitative effectiveness in guinea pig models subjected to hemorrhagic shock. We evaluated how the size of PolyhHb impacts hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in normal guinea pigs and guinea pigs on an atherogenic diet. We observed that while PolyhHb-B3 and -B4 equivalently restore hemodynamic parameters of normal-dieted guinea pigs, high-fat-dieted guinea pigs resuscitated with PolyhHb-B4 have lower mean arterial pressures, impaired tissue oxygenation, and higher plasma lactate levels than those receiving PolyhHb-B3. We characterized the plasma of these animals following resuscitation and found that despite similar oxygen delivery kinetics, circulating PolyhHb-B3 and -B4 demonstrated a size-dependent increase in the plasma viscosity, consistent with impaired perfusion in the PolyhHb-B4 transfusion group. We conclude that intermediate-sized PolyhHbs (such as -B3) are ideal for further research given the effective resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock based on tissue oxygenation in hypercholesterolemic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Lamb
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Alisyn Greenfield
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Saini Setua
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Gena Eiker
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Qihong Wang
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Amid Vahedi
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mohd Asim Khan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ahmad Yahya
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, United States
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St # 700A, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Sangha GS, Weber CM, Sapp RM, Setua S, Thangaraju K, Pettebone M, Rogers SC, Doctor A, Buehler PW, Clyne AM. Mechanical stimuli such as shear stress and piezo1 stimulation generate red blood cell extracellular vesicles. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1246910. [PMID: 37719461 PMCID: PMC10502313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1246910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Generating physiologically relevant red blood cell extracellular vesicles (RBC-EVs) for mechanistic studies is challenging. Herein, we investigated how to generate and isolate high concentrations of RBC-EVs in vitro via shear stress and mechanosensitive piezo1 ion channel stimulation. Methods: RBC-EVs were generated by applying shear stress or the piezo1-agonist yoda1 to RBCs. We then investigated how piezo1 RBC-EV generation parameters (hematocrit, treatment time, treatment dose), isolation methods (membrane-based affinity, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation with and without size exclusion chromatography), and storage conditions impacted RBC-EV yield and purity. Lastly, we used pressure myography to determine how RBC-EVs isolated using different methods affected mouse carotid artery vasodilation. Results: Our results showed that treating RBCs at 6% hematocrit with 10 µM yoda1 for 30 min and isolating RBC-EVs via ultracentrifugation minimized hemolysis, maximized yield and purity, and produced the most consistent RBC-EV preparations. Co-isolated contaminants in impure samples, but not piezo1 RBC-EVs, induced mouse carotid artery vasodilation. Conclusion: This work shows that RBC-EVs can be generated through piezo1 stimulation and may be generated in vivo under physiologic flow conditions. Our studies further emphasize the importance of characterizing EV generation and isolation parameters before using EVs for mechanistic analysis since RBC-EV purity can impact functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Callie M Weber
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Morgan Pettebone
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Stephen C Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alisa M Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Greenfield A, Lamb DR, Gu X, Thangaraju K, Setua S, Yahya A, Vahedi A, Khan MA, Wang Q, Buehler PW, Palmer AF. Biophysical Analysis and Preclinical Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Tangential Flow Filtration Fractionated Polymerized Human Hemoglobin as a Red Blood Cell Substitute. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1855-1870. [PMID: 36877888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) substitutes tested in late-phase clinical trials contained low-molecular-weight hemoglobin species (<500 kDa), resulting in vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative tissue injury; therefore, contributing to poor clinical outcomes. This work aims to improve the safety profile of the RBC substitute, polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb), via in vitro and in vivo screening of PolyhHb fractionated into four molecular weight brackets (50-300 kDa [PolyhHb-B1]; 100-500 kDa [PolyhHb-B2]; 500-750 kDa [PolyhHb-B3]; and 750 kDa to 0.2 μm [PolyhHb-B4]) using a two-stage tangential flow filtration purification process. Analysis showed that PolyhHb's oxygen affinity, and haptoglobin binding kinetics decreased with increasing bracket size. A 25% blood-for-PolyhHb exchange transfusion guinea pig model suggests that hypertension and tissue extravasation decreased with increasing bracket size. PolyhHb-B3 demonstrated extended circulatory pharmacokinetics, no renal tissue distribution, no aberrant blood pressure, or cardiac conduction effects, and may therefore be appropriate material for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisyn Greenfield
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Derek R Lamb
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Xiangming Gu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Saini Setua
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ahmad Yahya
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amid Vahedi
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mohd Asim Khan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Qihong Wang
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Paul W Buehler
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 452 CBEC, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Thangaraju K, Setua S, Lisk C, Swindle D, Stephenson D, Dzieciatkowska M, Lamb DR, Moitra P, Pak D, Hassell K, George G, Nuss R, Davizon-Castillo P, Stenmark KR, D’Alessandro A, Irwin DC, Buehler PW. Extracellular Vesicle Size Reveals Cargo Specific to Coagulation and Inflammation in Pediatric and Adult Sickle Cell Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231186144. [PMID: 37469147 PMCID: PMC10363884 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231186144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant coagulation in sickle cell disease (SCD) is linked to extracellular vesicle (EV) exposure. However, there is no consensus on the contributions of small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) toward underlying coagulopathy or on their molecular cargo. The present observational study compared the thrombin potential of SEVs and LEVs isolated from the plasma of stable pediatric and adult SCD patients. Further, EV lipid and protein contents were analyzed to define markers consistent with activation of thrombin and markers of underlying coagulopathy. Results suggested that LEVs-but not SEVs-from pediatrics and adults similarly enhanced phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent thrombin generation, and cell membrane procoagulant PS (18:0;20:4 and 18:0;18:1) were the most abundant lipids found in LEVs. Further, LEVs showed activated coagulation in protein pathway analyses, while SEVs demonstrated high levels of cholesterol esters and a protein pathway analysis that identified complement factors and inflammation. We suggest that thrombin potential of EVs from both stable pediatric and adult SCD patients is similarly dependent on size and show lipid and protein contents that identify underlying markers of coagulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Lisk
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delaney Swindle
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Graduate School, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Graduate School, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek R. Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Pak
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gemlyn George
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pavel Davizon-Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Graduate School, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David C. Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Setua S, Thangaraju K, Dzieciatkowska M, Wilkerson RB, Nemkov T, Lamb DR, Tagaya Y, Boyer T, Rowden T, Doctor A, D'Alessandro A, Buehler PW. Coagulation potential and the integrated omics of extracellular vesicles from COVID-19 positive patient plasma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22191. [PMID: 36564503 PMCID: PMC9780627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-to-cell communication and contribute toward homeostasis under physiological conditions. But EVs can also contribute toward a wide array of pathophysiology like cancer, sepsis, sickle cell disease, and thrombotic disorders. COVID-19 infected patients are at an increased risk of aberrant coagulation, consistent with elevated circulating levels of ultra-high molecular weight VWF multimers, D-dimer and procoagulant EVs. The role of EVs in COVID-19 related hemostasis may depend on cells of origin, vesicular cargo and size, however this is not well defined. We hypothesized that the procoagulant potential of EV isolates from COVID-19 (+) patient plasmas could be defined by thrombin generation assays. Here we isolated small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) from hospitalized COVID-19 (+) patient (n = 21) and healthy donor (n = 20) plasmas. EVs were characterized by flow cytometry, Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, plasma thrombin generation and a multi-omics approach to define coagulation potential. These data were consistent with differences in EV metabolite, lipid, and protein content when compared to healthy donor plasma isolated SEVs and LEVs. Taken together, the effect of EVs on plasma procoagulant potential as defined by thrombin generation and supported by multi-omics is enhanced in COVID-19. Further, we observe that this effect is driven both by EV size and phosphatidyl serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca B Wilkerson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Derek R Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tori Boyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tobi Rowden
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Thangaraju K, Katneni U, Akpan IJ, Tanaka K, Thomas T, Setua S, Reisz JA, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Nemkov T, Kahn S, Wei AZ, Valk JE, Hudson KE, Roh DJ, Moriconi C, Zimring JC, D'Alessandro A, Spitalnik SL, Francis RO, Buehler PW. The Impact of Age and BMI on the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis and Simultaneous Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:817305. [PMID: 35087853 PMCID: PMC8786628 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.817305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and obesity independently contribute toward an endothelial dysfunction that results in an imbalanced VWF to ADAMTS13 ratio. In addition, plasma thrombin and plasmin generation are elevated and reduced, respectively, with increasing age and also with increasing body mass index (BMI). The severity risk of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases in adults older than 65 and in individuals with certain pre-existing health conditions, including obesity (>30 kg/m2). The present cross-sectional study focused on an analysis of the VWF/ADAMTS13 axis, including measurements of von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen (VWF:AG), VWF collagen binding activity (VWF:CBA), Factor VIII antigen, ADAMTS13 antigen, and ADAMTS13 activity, in addition to thrombin and plasmin generation potential, in a demographically diverse population of COVID-19 negative (−) (n = 288) and COVID-19 positive (+) (n = 543) patient plasmas collected at the time of hospital presentation. Data were analyzed as a whole, and then after dividing patients by age (<65 and ≥65) and independently by BMI [<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, >30 (kg/m2)]. These analyses suggest that VWF parameters (i.e., the VWF/ADAMTS13 activity ratio) and thrombin and plasmin generation differed in COVID-19 (+), as compared to COVID-19 (−) patient plasma. Further, age (≥65) more than BMI contributed to aberrant plasma indicators of endothelial coagulopathy. Based on these findings, evaluating both the VWF/ADAMTS13 axis, along with thrombin and plasmin generation, could provide insight into the extent of endothelial dysfunction as well as the plasmatic imbalance in coagulation and fibrinolysis potential, particularly for at-risk patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Imo J Akpan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Francesca Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stacie Kahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Z Wei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob E Valk
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - David J Roh
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Moriconi
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard O Francis
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Strauss ER, Li S, Henderson R, Carpenter R, Guo D, Thangaraju K, Katneni U, Buehler PW, Gobburu JV, Tanaka KA. A pharmacokinetic and plasmin generation pharmacodynamic assessment of a tranexamic acid regimen designed for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:2473-2482. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tanaka KA, Henderson R, Thangaraju K, Morita Y, Mazzeffi MA, Strauss E, Katneni U, Buehler PW. In vitro effects of emicizumab on activated clotting time in blood samples from cardiac surgical patients. Haemophilia 2021; 28:183-190. [PMID: 34735039 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin management in hemophilia A (HA) patients with a factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor can be challenging due to severe activated clotting time (ACT) prolongations. It is important to better understand the impact of emicizumab, a FVIII mimetic on ACT, and tissue factor (TF)-based coagulation assays. METHODS Whole blood from 18 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were mixed in vitro with pooled normal plasma, FVIII-deficient or FVIII-inhibitor plasma to affect functional FVIII levels. ACTs and heparin concentration by protamine titration were measured in whole blood mixture with/without emicizumab (50-100 μg/ml). Thrombin generation and plasmin generation were measured in the patient's plasma mixed with normal plasma or FVIII-inhibitor plasma to assess the impact of emicizumab under low TF activation. RESULTS FVIII inhibitors prolonged ACTs by 2.2-fold compared to those in normal plasma mixture at baseline. During CPB, ACTs in normal plasma mixture, and FVIII-deficient mixture were in 400s, but ACTs reached 900s in FVIII-inhibitor mixture. Emicizumab shortened ACTs by up to 100s in normal plasma mixture, and FVIII-deficient mixtures. ACTs remained over 600s in FVIII-inhibitor mixture, despite adding emicizumab at 100 μg/ml. Heparin concentration measured by TF-based protamine titration was unaffected. Emicizumab enhanced thrombin peak in the presence of FVIII inhibitors, whereas plasmin generation was mainly affected by thrombin generation, and systemic use of ɛ-aminocaproic acid. CONCLUSIONS FVIII inhibitors extensively prolong ACTs in heparinized whole blood, and clinical levels of emicizumab partially reverse ACT values. Protamine titration should be considered for optimal heparin monitoring in emicizumab-treated patients with FVIII inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Reney Henderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Morita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael A Mazzeffi
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erik Strauss
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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D’Alessandro A, Thomas T, Akpan IJ, Reisz JA, Cendali FI, Gamboni F, Nemkov T, Thangaraju K, Katneni U, Tanaka K, Kahn S, Wei AZ, Valk JE, Hudson KE, Roh D, Moriconi C, Zimring JC, Hod EA, Spitalnik SL, Buehler PW, Francis RO. Biological and Clinical Factors Contributing to the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:2293. [PMID: 34571942 PMCID: PMC8467961 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents an ongoing worldwide challenge. The present large study sought to understand independent and overlapping metabolic features of samples from acutely ill patients (n = 831) that tested positive (n = 543) or negative (n = 288) for COVID-19. High-throughput metabolomics analyses were complemented with antigen and enzymatic activity assays on plasma from acutely ill patients collected while in the emergency department, at admission, or during hospitalization. Lipidomics analyses were also performed on COVID-19-positive or -negative subjects with the lowest and highest body mass index (n = 60/group). Significant changes in amino acid and fatty acid/acylcarnitine metabolism emerged as highly relevant markers of disease severity, progression, and prognosis as a function of biological and clinical variables in these patients. Further, machine learning models were trained by entering all metabolomics and clinical data from half of the COVID-19 patient cohort and then tested on the other half, yielding ~78% prediction accuracy. Finally, the extensive amount of information accumulated in this large, prospective, observational study provides a foundation for mechanistic follow-up studies and data sharing opportunities, which will advance our understanding of the characteristics of the plasma metabolism in COVID-19 and other acute critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.R.); (F.I.C.); (F.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Imo J. Akpan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (I.J.A.); (S.K.); (A.Z.W.)
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.R.); (F.I.C.); (F.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Francesca I. Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.R.); (F.I.C.); (F.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.R.); (F.I.C.); (F.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.R.); (F.I.C.); (F.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (U.K.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (U.K.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA
| | - Stacie Kahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (I.J.A.); (S.K.); (A.Z.W.)
| | - Alexander Z. Wei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (I.J.A.); (S.K.); (A.Z.W.)
| | - Jacob E. Valk
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Krystalyn E. Hudson
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
| | - David Roh
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chiara Moriconi
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Steven L. Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (U.K.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Richard O. Francis
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (T.T.); (J.E.V.); (K.E.H.); (C.M.); (E.A.H.); (S.L.S.); (R.O.F.)
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10
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D'Alessandro A, Akpan I, Thomas T, Reisz J, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Nemkov T, Thangaraju K, Katneni U, Tanaka K, Kahn S, Wei A, Valk J, Hudson K, Roh D, Moriconi C, Zimring J, Hod E, Spitalnik S, Buehler P, Francis R. Biological and Clinical Factors contributing to the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-480167. [PMID: 34013258 PMCID: PMC8132252 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-480167/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents an ongoing worldwide challenge. Exploratory studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 infection on the plasma metabolome have been performed, often with small numbers of patients, and with or without relevant control data; however, determining the impact of biological and clinical variables remains critical to understanding potential markers of disease severity and progression. The present large study, including relevant controls, sought to understand independent and overlapping metabolic features of samples from acutely ill patients (n = 831), testing positive (n = 543) or negative (n = 288) for COVID-19. High-throughput metabolomics analyses were complemented with antigen and enzymatic activity assays on 831 plasma samples from acutely ill patients while in the emergency department, at admission, and during hospitalization. We then performed additional lipidomics analyses of the 60 subjects with the lowest and highest body mass index, either COVID-19 positive or negative. Omics data were correlated to detailed data on patient characteristics and clinical laboratory assays measuring coagulation, hematology and chemistry analytes. Significant changes in arginine/proline/citrulline, tryptophan/indole/kynurenine, fatty acid and acyl-carnitine metabolism emerged as highly relevant markers of disease severity, progression and prognosis as a function of biological and clinical variables in these patients. Further, machine learning models were trained by entering all metabolomics and clinical data from half of the COVID-19 patient cohort and then tested on the other half yielding ~ 78% prediction accuracy. Finally, the extensive amount of information accumulated in this large, prospective, observational study provides a foundation for follow-up mechanistic studies and data sharing opportunities, which will advance our understanding of the characteristics of the plasma metabolism in COVID-19 and other acute critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imo Akpan
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob Valk
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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11
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Tusi SK, Nguyen L, Thangaraju K, Li J, Cleary JD, Zu T, Ranum LPW. The alternative initiation factor eIF2A plays key role in RAN translation of myotonic dystrophy type 2 CCUG•CAGG repeats. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1020-1029. [PMID: 33856033 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) proteins have been reported in 11 microsatellite expansion disorders but the factors that allow RAN translation to occur and the effects of different repeat motifs and alternative AUG-like initiation codons are unclear. We studied the mechanisms of RAN translation across myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) expansion transcripts with (CCUG) or without (CAGG) efficient alternative AUG-like codons. To better understand how DM2 LPAC and QAGR RAN proteins are expressed, we generated a series of CRISPR/Cas9-edited HEK293T cell lines. We show that LPAC and QAGR RAN protein levels are reduced in protein kinase R (PKR)-/- and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-/- cells, with more substantial reductions of CAGG-encoded QAGR in PKR-/- cells. Experiments using mutant eIF2α-S51A HEK293T cells show that p-eIF2α is required for QAGR production. In contrast, LPAC levels were only partially reduced in these cells, suggesting that both non-AUG and close-cognate initiation occur across CCUG RNAs. Overexpression of the alternative initiation factor eIF2A increases LPAC and QAGR protein levels but, notably, has a much larger effect on QAGR expressed from CAGG-expansion RNAs that lack efficient close-cognate codons. The effects of eIF2A on increasing LPAC are consistent with previous reports that eIF2A affects CUG-initiation translation. The observation that eIF2A also increases QAGR proteins is novel because CAGG expansion transcripts do not contain CUG or similarly efficient close-cognate AUG-like codons. For QAGR but not LPAC, the eIF2A-dependent increases are not seen when p-eIF2α is blocked. These data highlight the differential regulation of DM2 RAN proteins and eIF2A as a potential therapeutic target for DM2 and other RAN diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Khoramian Tusi
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lien Nguyen
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John D Cleary
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tao Zu
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Laura P W Ranum
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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12
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Thangaraju K, Neerukonda SN, Katneni U, Buehler PW. Extracellular Vesicles from Red Blood Cells and Their Evolving Roles in Health, Coagulopathy and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E153. [PMID: 33375718 PMCID: PMC7796437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs) including both endosome-derived exosomes and plasma-membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs). RBC-derived EVs (RBCEVs) are secreted during erythropoiesis, physiological cellular aging, disease conditions, and in response to environmental stressors. RBCEVs are enriched in various bioactive molecules that facilitate cell to cell communication and can act as markers of disease. RBCEVs contribute towards physiological adaptive responses to hypoxia as well as pathophysiological progression of diabetes and genetic non-malignant hematologic disease. Moreover, a considerable number of studies focus on the role of EVs from stored RBCs and have evaluated post transfusion consequences associated with their exposure. Interestingly, RBCEVs are important contributors toward coagulopathy in hematological disorders, thus representing a unique evolving area of study that can provide insights into molecular mechanisms that contribute toward dysregulated hemostasis associated with several disease conditions. Relevant work to this point provides a foundation on which to build further studies focused on unraveling the potential roles of RBCEVs in health and disease. In this review, we provide an analysis and summary of RBCEVs biogenesis, composition, and their biological function with a special emphasis on RBCEV pathophysiological contribution to coagulopathy. Further, we consider potential therapeutic applications of RBCEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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13
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Thangaraju K, Király R, Demény MA, András Mótyán J, Fuxreiter M, Fésüs L. Genomic variants reveal differential evolutionary constraints on human transglutaminases and point towards unrecognized significance of transglutaminase 2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172189. [PMID: 28248968 PMCID: PMC5332030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGMs) catalyze Ca2+-dependent transamidation of proteins with specified roles in blood clotting (F13a) and in cornification (TGM1, TGM3). The ubiquitous TGM2 has well described enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions but in-spite of numerous studies its physiological function in humans has not been defined. We compared data on non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) and loss-of-function variants on TGM1-7 and F13a from the Exome aggregation consortium dataset, and used computational and biochemical analysis to reveal the roles of damaging nsSNVs of TGM2. TGM2 and F13a display rarer damaging nsSNV sites than other TGMs and sequence of TGM2, F13a and TGM1 are evolutionary constrained. TGM2 nsSNVs are predicted to destabilize protein structure, influence Ca2+ and GTP regulation, and non-enzymatic interactions, but none coincide with conserved functional sites. We have experimentally characterized six TGM2 allelic variants detected so far in homozygous form, out of which only one, p.Arg222Gln, has decreased activities. Published exome sequencing data from various populations have not uncovered individuals with homozygous loss-of-function variants for TGM2, TGM3 and TGM7. Thus it can be concluded that human transglutaminases differ in harboring damaging variants and TGM2 is under purifying selection suggesting that it may have so far not revealed physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté A. Demény
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János András Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Fuxreiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Momentum Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Stem cell, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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14
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Thangaraju K, Király R, Mótyán JA, Ambrus VA, Fuxreiter M, Fésüs L. Computational analyses of the effect of novel amino acid clusters of human transglutaminase 2 on its structure and function. Amino Acids 2016; 49:605-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Thangaraju K, Biri B, Schlosser G, Kiss B, Nyitray L, Fésüs L, Király R. Real-time kinetic method to monitor isopeptidase activity of transglutaminase 2 on protein substrate. Anal Biochem 2016; 505:36-42. [PMID: 27131890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein with Ca(2+)-dependent transamidase activity forming protease-resistant N(ε)-(γ-glutamyl) lysine crosslinks between proteins. It can also function as an isopeptidase cleaving the previously formed crosslinks. The biological significance of this activity has not been revealed yet, mainly because of the lack of a protein-based method for its characterization. Here we report the development of a novel kinetic method for measuring isopeptidase activity of human TG2 by monitoring decrease in the fluorescence polarization of a protein substrate previously formed by crosslinking fluorescently labeled glutamine donor FLpepT26 to S100A4 at a specific lysine residue. The developed method could be applied to test mutant enzymes and compounds that influence isopeptidase activity of TG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Stem Cell, Apoptosis, and Genomics Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary.
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16
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Király R, Thangaraju K, Nagy Z, Collighan R, Nemes Z, Griffin M, Fésüs L. Isopeptidase activity of human transglutaminase 2: disconnection from transamidation and characterization by kinetic parameters. Amino Acids 2015; 48:31-40. [PMID: 26250429 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein with diverse catalytic activities and biological roles. Its best studied function is the Ca(2+)-dependent transamidase activity leading to formation of γ-glutamyl-ε-lysine isopeptide crosslinks between proteins and γ-glutamyl-amine derivatives. TG2 has a poorly studied isopeptidase activity cleaving these bonds. We have developed and characterised TG2 mutants which are significantly deficient in transamidase activity while have normal or increased isopeptidase activity (W332F) and vice versa (W278F). The W332F mutation led to significant changes of both the K m and the V max kinetic parameters of the isopeptidase reaction of TG2 while its calcium and GTP sensitivity was similar to the wild-type enzyme. The W278F mutation resulted in six times elevated amine incorporating transamidase activity demonstrating the regulatory significance of W278 and W332 in TG2 and that mutations can change opposed activities located at the same active site. The further application of our results in cellular systems may help to understand TG2-driven physiological and pathological processes better and lead to novel therapeutic approaches where an increased amount of crosslinked proteins correlates with the manifestation of degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Russell Collighan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zoltán Nemes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Martin Griffin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4012, Hungary. .,MTA-DE Stem Cell, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.
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17
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Kim SO, Thangaraju K, Jung S, Lu W, Park SM, Lee J, Lee JI, Chu HY, Kim YH, Kwon SK. Highly efficient phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on iridium(III) complex with bulky substituent spacers. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:4375-4378. [PMID: 22852411 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed highly efficient phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) using iridium(III) complex, fac-tris[4-methyl-2-2(4'-trimethylsilylphenyl)pyridine] [Ir(msippy)3]. PHOLEDs based on Ir(msippy)3 complex exhibit the yellowish-green emission with CIE color coordinates of (0.31,0.64). These device performances were compared with those of the green emitting Ir(ppy)3-based devices. The higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.6% and the current efficiency of 84.4 cd/A were achieved for Ir(msippy)3-based device. The results show that the complete energy and/or charge transfer from the host to Ir(msippy)3 dopant in the emitting layer (EML) of the device resulted in the higher device efficiencies compared with those of Ir(ppy)3-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology (REGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
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Sankar S, Balakrishnan B, Nandagopal B, Thangaraju K, Natarajan S. Comparative evaluation of two polymerase chain reactions targeting different genomic regions to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 28:303-7. [PMID: 20966559 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.71815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tuberculosis remains an important health problem all over the world, especially in resource poor settings like India. The Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining of sputum smear is still the method of choice in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in spite of its low sensitivity and specificity. This paper evaluates comparison of two different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with sputum smear findings to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 191 sputum samples were collected from 84 patients attending a tertiary care hospital, who were suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis, were examined by PCR targeting two different genomic regions, namely, TRC 4 by non-nested format and IS6110 insertion element by nested format in comparison to ZN staining of sputum smears. RESULTS Among the patients tested, 20.24% (Mid-p 95%CI: 31.5-52.4) were smear positive, 7.14% (Mid-p 95%CI: 2.94-14.26) were positive by TRC 4 PCR and 41.67% (Mid-p 95%CI: 12.7-29.8) were positive by IS6110 nested PCR (nPCR). The median age of overall positive cases was 42 years. Among the nPCR positives, the median for age of rural and peri-urban community was 46 and 32 years, respectively. The kappa coefficient between smear findings and TRC4 PCR findings was 0.27 and an agreement of 0.83 was observed (Z = 2.99; one-tailed P = 0.001). TRC 4 PCR picked two unique positives that were negative by smear and IS6110 nPCR. CONCLUSION The non-nested TRC 4 PCR showed inability for accurate detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum samples. The study concluded that the nPCR targeting IS6110 is superior and more sensitive than TRC 4 PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sankar
- Division of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Thirumalaikodi, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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