1
|
Wang P, Kang Q, Wu WS, Rui L. Hepatic Snai1 and Snai2 promote liver regeneration and suppress liver fibrosis in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113875. [PMID: 38451818 PMCID: PMC11025633 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver injury stimulates hepatocyte replication and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, thereby driving liver regeneration. Aberrant HSC activation induces liver fibrosis. However, mechanisms underlying liver regeneration and fibrosis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify hepatic Snai1 and Snai2 as important transcriptional regulators for liver regeneration and fibrosis. Partial hepatectomy or CCl4 treatment increases occupancies of Snai1 and Snai2 on cyclin A2 and D1 promoters in the liver. Snai1 and Snai2 in turn increase promoter H3K27 acetylation and cyclin A2/D1 expressions. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of both Snai1 and Snai2, but not one alone, suppresses liver cyclin A2/D1 expression and regenerative hepatocyte proliferation after hepatectomy or CCl4 treatments but augments CCl4-stimulated HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Conversely, Snai2 overexpression in the liver enhances hepatocyte replication and suppresses liver fibrosis after CCl4 treatment. These results suggest that hepatic Snai1 and Snai2 directly promote, via histone modifications, reparative hepatocyte replication and indirectly inhibit liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Insulation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Kang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang Q, Zhu X, Ren D, Ky A, MacDougald OA, O'Rourke RW, Rui L. Adipose METTL14-Elicited N 6 -Methyladenosine Promotes Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and NAFLD Through Suppressing β Adrenergic Signaling and Lipolysis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301645. [PMID: 37526326 PMCID: PMC10558699 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis releases free fatty acids as a key energy substance to support metabolism in fasting, cold exposure, and exercise. Atgl, in concert with Cgi-58, catalyzes the first lipolytic reaction. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulates lipolysis via neurotransmitter norepinephrine that activates adipocyte β adrenergic receptors (Adrb1-3). In obesity, adipose Adrb signaling and lipolysis are impaired, contributing to pathogenic WAT expansion; however, the underling mechanism remains poorly understood. Recent studies highlight importance of N6 -methyladenosine (m6A)-based RNA modification in health and disease. METTL14 heterodimerizes with METTL3 to form an RNA methyltransferase complex that installs m6A in transcripts. Here, this work shows that adipose Mettl3 and Mettl14 are influenced by fasting, refeeding, and insulin, and are upregulated in high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Adipose Adrb2, Adrb3, Atgl, and Cgi-58 transcript m6A contents are elevated in obesity. Mettl14 ablation decreases these transcripts' m6A contents and increases their translations and protein levels in adipocytes, thereby increasing Adrb signaling and lipolysis. Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of Mettl14 are resistant to HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These results unravel a METTL14/m6A/translation pathway governing Adrb signaling and lipolysis. METTL14/m6A-based epitranscriptomic reprogramming impairs adipose Adrb signaling and lipolysis, promoting obesity, NAFLD, and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Kang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of EndocrinologyBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Diabetes InstituteBeijing100730China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Alexander Ky
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Robert W. O'Rourke
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAn ArborMI48105USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48109USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim MH, Li Y, Zheng Q, Jiang L, Myers MG, Wu WS, Rui L. LepRb+ cell-specific deletion of Slug mitigates obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:156722. [PMID: 36512408 PMCID: PMC9927931 DOI: 10.1172/jci156722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin exerts its biological actions by activating the long-form leptin receptor (LepRb). LepRb signaling impairment and leptin resistance are believed to cause obesity. The transcription factor Slug - also known as Snai2 - recruits epigenetic modifiers and regulates gene expression by an epigenetic mechanism; however, its epigenetic action has not been explored in leptin resistance. Here, we uncover a proobesity function of neuronal Slug. Hypothalamic Slug was upregulated in obese mice. LepRb+ cell-specific Slug-knockout (SlugΔLepRb) mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and liver steatosis and experienced decreased food intake and increased fat thermogenesis. Leptin stimulated hypothalamic Stat3 phosphorylation and weight loss to a markedly higher level in SlugΔLepRb than in Slugfl/fl mice, even before their body weight divergence. Conversely, hypothalamic LepRb+ neuron-specific overexpression of Slug, mediated by AAV-hSyn-DIO-Slug transduction, induced leptin resistance, obesity, and metabolic disorders in mice on a chow diet. At the genomic level, Slug bound to and repressed the LepRb promoter, thereby inhibiting LepRb transcription. Consistently, Slug deficiency decreased methylation of LepRb promoter H3K27, a repressive epigenetic mark, and increased LepRb mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. Collectively, these results unravel what we believe to be a previously unrecognized hypothalamic neuronal Slug/epigenetic reprogramming/leptin resistance axis that promotes energy imbalance, obesity, and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Wu Z, Huang S, Wang X, He S, Liu L, Hu Y, Chen L, Chen P, Liu S, He S, Shan B, Zheng L, Duan SZ, Song Z, Jiang L, Wang QA, Gan Z, Song BL, Liu J, Rui L, Shao M, Liu Y. Adipocyte IRE1α promotes PGC1α mRNA decay and restrains adaptive thermogenesis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1166-1184. [PMID: 36123394 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue undergoes thermogenic remodeling in response to thermal stress and metabolic cues, playing a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and metabolic homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with adipose dysfunction in obesity and metabolic disease. It remains unclear, however, if ER stress-signaling in adipocytes mechanistically mediates dysregulation of thermogenic fat. Here we show that inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), a key ER stress sensor and signal transducer, acts in both white and beige adipocytes to impede beige fat activation. Ablation of adipocyte IRE1α promotes browning/beiging of subcutaneous white adipose tissue following cold exposure or β3-adrenergic stimulation. Loss of IRE1α alleviates diet-induced obesity and augments the anti-obesity effect of pharmacologic β3-adrenergic stimulation. Notably, IRE1α suppresses stimulated lipolysis and degrades Ppargc1a messenger RNA through its RNase activity to downregulate the thermogenic gene program. Hence, blocking IRE1α bears therapeutic potential in unlocking adipocytes' thermogenic capacity to combat obesity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuyin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songzi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqi He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Shan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmiao Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of metabolic liver disease associated with obesity, ranges from relatively benign hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The latter is characterized by persistent liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis, which collectively increase the risk for end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent work has shed new light on the pathophysiology of NAFLD/NASH, particularly the role of genetic, epigenetic, and dietary factors and metabolic dysfunctions in other tissues in driving excess hepatic fat accumulation and liver injury. In parallel, single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed unprecedented details of the molecular nature of liver cell heterogeneity, intrahepatic cross talk, and disease-associated reprogramming of the liver immune and stromal vascular microenvironment. This review covers the recent advances in these areas, the emerging concepts of NASH pathogenesis, and potential new therapeutic opportunities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 42 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das NK, Jain C, Sankar A, Schwartz AJ, Santana-Codina N, Solanki S, Zhang Z, Ma X, Parimi S, Rui L, Mancias JD, Shah YM. Modulation of the HIF2α-NCOA4 axis in enterocytes attenuates iron loading in a mouse model of hemochromatosis. Blood 2022; 139:2547-2552. [PMID: 34990508 PMCID: PMC9029091 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal iron absorption is activated during increased systemic demand for iron. The best-studied example is iron deficiency anemia, which increases intestinal iron absorption. Interestingly, the intestinal response to anemia is very similar to that of iron overload disorders, as both the conditions activate a transcriptional program that leads to a hyperabsorption of iron via the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). However, pathways for selective targeting of intestine-mediated iron overload remain unknown. Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) is a critical cargo receptor for autophagic breakdown of ferritin and the subsequent release of iron, in a process termed ferritinophagy. Our work demonstrates that NCOA4-mediated intestinal ferritinophagy is integrated into systemic iron demand via HIF2α. To demonstrate the importance of the intestinal HIF2α/ferritinophagy axis in systemic iron homeostasis, whole-body and intestine-specific NCOA4-/- mouse lines were generated and assessed. The analyses revealed that the intestinal and systemic response to iron deficiency was not altered after disruption of intestinal NCOA4. However, in a mouse model of hemochromatosis, ablation of intestinal NCOA4 was protective against iron overload. Therefore, NCOA4 can be selectively targeted for the management of iron overload disorders without disrupting the physiological processes involved in the response to systemic iron deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nupur K Das
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chesta Jain
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Amanda Sankar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew J Schwartz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Naiara Santana-Codina
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sanjana Parimi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong X, Zhang Z, Shen H, Xiong Y, Shah YM, Liu Y, Fan X, Rui L. Hepatic NF-κB-Inducing Kinase and Inhibitor of NF-κB Kinase Subunit α Promote Liver Oxidative Stress, Ferroptosis, and Liver Injury. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1704-1720. [PMID: 34558831 PMCID: PMC8485893 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity limits development of new effective medications. Drugs and numerous endogenous/exogenous agents are metabolized/detoxified by hepatocytes, during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a by-product. ROS has broad adverse effects on liver function and integrity, including damaging hepatocyte proteins, lipids, and DNA and promoting liver inflammation and fibrosis. ROS in concert with iron overload drives ferroptosis. Hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) is aberrantly activated in a broad spectrum of liver disease. NIK phosphorylates and activates inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit alpha (IKKα), and the hepatic NIK/IKKα cascade suppresses liver regeneration. However, the NIK/IKKα pathway has not been explored in drug-induced liver injury. Here, we identify hepatic NIK as a previously unrecognized mediator for acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure. APAP treatment increased both NIK transcription and NIK protein stability in primary hepatocytes as well as in liver in mice. Hepatocyte-specific overexpression of NIK augmented APAP-induced liver oxidative stress in mice and increased hepatocyte death and mortality in a ROS-dependent manner. Conversely, hepatocyte-specific ablation of NIK or IKKα mitigated APAP-elicited hepatotoxicity and mortality. NIK increased lipid peroxidation and cell death in APAP-stimulated primary hepatocytes. Pretreatment with antioxidants or ferroptosis inhibitors blocked NIK/APAP-induced hepatocyte death. Conclusion: We unravel a previously unrecognized NIK/IKKα/ROS/ferroptosis axis engaged in liver disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHunan Key Laboratory of Viral HepatitisXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Life SciencesInstitute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xue‐Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHunan Key Laboratory of Viral HepatitisXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yeung BHY, Griffiths K, Berger L, Paudel O, Shin MK, Rui L, Sham JSK, Polotsky VY, Tang WY. Leptin Induces Epigenetic Regulation of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 in Rat Adrenal Pheochromocytoma Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:214-221. [PMID: 33891828 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0374oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity elevates the plasma level of leptin, which has been associated with hypertension. Our recent studies in mice demonstrated that leptin increases blood pressure by activating the carotid sinus nerve, which transmits the chemosensory input from carotid bodies (CBs) to the medullary centers, and that the effect of leptin is mediated via Trpm7 (TRP [transient receptor potential] melastatin 7) channels in CB glomus cells. We also found that Trpm7 overexpression and Trpm7 promoter demethylation in CBs correlate positively with the hyperleptinemia and leptin receptor overexpression in CBs. Hence, we postulated that leptin epigenetically regulates Trpm7 expression in CBs. We addressed our hypothesis by using rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as a model of CB glomus cells. PC12 cells expressing LEPRb (long, active form of leptin receptor) showed dramatic induction of the promoter activity and expression of Trpm7 upon leptin treatment. The increased Trpm7 expression coincided with the reduction of CpG site-specific methylation and trimethylation of H3K27 (H3 [histone 3] K27 [lysine 27]) and the increase of acetylation of H3K27 and trimethylation of H3K4 (H3 lysine 4) at the Trpm7 promoter. The inhibitor of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling, SD1008, reversed the leptin-induced Trpm7 promoter activity via modulations of the binding of pSTAT3 (phosphorylated STAT3) and DNMT3B (DNA methyltransferase 3B) and modifications of H3K27 and H3K4 at the Trpm7 promoter. Our results suggest that leptin-activated pSTAT3 epigenetically regulates the transcription of Trpm7 through DNA methylation and histone modifications. Because epigenetic changes are reversible, targeting epigenetic modifications of Trpm7 may serve as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of hypertension in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Ho-Yee Yeung
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
| | - Liron Berger
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Omkar Paudel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mi-Kyung Shin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James S K Sham
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Lin H, Jiang L, Shang Q, Yin L, Lin JD, Wu WS, Rui L. Hepatic Slug epigenetically promotes liver lipogenesis, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2992-3004. [PMID: 32365055 DOI: 10.1172/jci128073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis is tightly regulated by insulin and nutritional signals to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Excessive lipogenesis induces lipotoxicity, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. Genetic lipogenic programs have been extensively investigated, but epigenetic regulation of lipogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we identified Slug as an important epigenetic regulator of lipogenesis. Hepatic Slug levels were markedly upregulated in mice by either feeding or insulin treatment. In primary hepatocytes, insulin stimulation increased Slug expression, stability, and interactions with epigenetic enzyme lysine-specific demethylase-1 (Lsd1). Slug bound to the fatty acid synthase (Fasn) promoter where Slug-associated Lsd1 catalyzed H3K9 demethylation, thereby stimulating Fasn expression and lipogenesis. Ablation of Slug blunted insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. Conversely, overexpression of Slug, but not a Lsd1 binding-defective Slug mutant, stimulated Fasn expression and lipogenesis. Lsd1 inhibitor treatment also blocked Slug-stimulated lipogenesis. Remarkably, hepatocyte-specific deletion of Slug inhibited the hepatic lipogenic program and protected against obesity-associated NAFLD, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in mice. Conversely, liver-restricted overexpression of Slug, but not the Lsd1 binding-defective Slug mutant, had the opposite effects. These results unveil an insulin/Slug/Lsd1/H3K9 demethylation lipogenic pathway that promotes NAFLD and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qingsen Shang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wen-Shu Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lei H, denDekker AD, Li G, Zhang Z, Sha L, Schaller MA, Kunkel SL, Rui L, Tao K, Dou Y. Dysregulation of intercellular signaling by MOF deletion leads to liver injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100235. [PMID: 33376138 PMCID: PMC7948572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms that alter heritable gene expression and chromatin structure play an essential role in many biological processes, including liver function. Human MOF (males absent on the first) is a histone acetyltransferase that is globally downregulated in human steatohepatitis. However, the function of MOF in the liver remains unclear. Here, we report that MOF plays an essential role in adult liver. Genetic deletion of Mof by Mx1-Cre in the liver leads to acute liver injury, with increase of lipid deposition and fibrosis akin to human steatohepatitis. Surprisingly, hepatocyte-specific Mof deletion had no overt liver abnormality. Using the in vitro coculturing experiment, we show that Mof deletion-induced liver injury requires coordinated changes and reciprocal signaling between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, which enables feedforward regulation to augment inflammation and apoptotic responses. At the molecular level, Mof deletion induced characteristic changes in metabolic gene programs, which bore noticeable similarity to the molecular signature of human steatohepatitis. Simultaneous deletion of Mof in both hepatocytes and macrophages results in enhanced expression of inflammatory genes and NO signaling in vitro. These changes, in turn, lead to apoptosis of hepatocytes and lipotoxicity. Our work highlights the importance of histone acetyltransferase MOF in maintaining metabolic liver homeostasis and sheds light on the epigenetic dysregulation in liver pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron D denDekker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liang Sha
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew A Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma Y, Liu S, Jun H, Wang J, Fan X, Li G, Yin L, Rui L, Weinman SA, Gong J, Wu J. A critical role for hepatic protein arginine methyltransferase 1 isoform 2 in glycemic control. FASEB J 2020; 34:14863-14877. [PMID: 32918517 PMCID: PMC9800170 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001061r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate control of hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential for the organismal survival upon prolonged fasting and maintaining systemic homeostasis under metabolic stress. Here, we show protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a key enzyme that catalyzes the protein arginine methylation process, particularly the isoform encoded by Prmt1 variant 2 (PRMT1V2), is critical in regulating gluconeogenesis in the liver. Liver-specific deletion of Prmt1 reduced gluconeogenic capacity in cultured hepatocytes and in the liver. Prmt1v2 was expressed at a higher level compared to Prmt1v1 in hepatic tissue and cells. Gain-of-function of PRMT1V2 clearly activated the gluconeogenic program in hepatocytes via interactions with PGC1α, a key transcriptional coactivator regulating gluconeogenesis, enhancing its activity via arginine methylation, while no effects of PRMT1V1 were observed. Similar stimulatory effects of PRMT1V2 in controlling gluconeogenesis were observed in human HepG2 cells. PRMT1, specifically PRMT1V2, was stabilized in fasted liver and hepatocytes treated with glucagon, in a PGC1α-dependent manner. PRMT1, particularly Prmt1v2, was significantly induced in the liver of streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetes and high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mouse models and liver-specific Prmt1 deficiency drastically ameliorated diabetic hyperglycemia. These findings reveal that PRMT1 modulates gluconeogenesis and mediates glucose homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting that deeper understanding how PRMT1 contributes to the coordinated efforts in glycemic control may ultimately present novel therapeutic strategies that counteracts hyperglycemia in disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jine Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Guobing Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Jianke Gong
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsieh YT, Hubeau C, Massa V, LI W, Frei S, Capraro B, Umana A, Aherrera A, LI Y, Xu J, Rui L. OP0316 EMERGING BEST-IN-CLASS IL-2 VARIANT HIGHLIGHTS TREG-DIRECTED THERAPY FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Impairment or deficiency of regulatory T cells (Treg) is associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a cytokine indispensable for Treg expansion and immunosuppressive function. However, expansion of cytotoxic effector T (Teff) and NK cells and the associated vascular leakage side effect limit the use of IL-2 in autoimmune diseases [1].Objectives:Cugene developed a long-acting IL-2 variant with high Treg specificity and low toxicity to restore immune homeostasis and self-tolerance, and potentially cure autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Methods:IL-2 variants were generated based on the quaternary structure of IL-2 and IL-2Rαβγ (alpha, beta, gamma) complex. Biological activity was determined by examining differential signaling activity in induction of STAT5 phosphorylation in defined lymphocyte populations of human PBMC using flow cytometry. Binding activity was evaluated by ELISA. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability were assessed in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Treg suppressive function was determinedin vivo/ex vivo,and anti-inflammatory and anti-antibody production efficacy were determined in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) models.Results:Structure-based rational design and activity-guided fine-tuning generated an optimized IL-2 variant, CUG252. It demonstrated a strong and near wild-type IL-2 ability to stimulate STAT5 phosphorylation in IL-2Rαβγ dominant Treg cells but abolished activities in IL-2Rβγ dominant effector CD4, CD8 and NK cells. This was a result of biased binding activity to IL-2Rα while dramatically attenuated binding to IL-2Rβγ complex. In mice and monkeys, administration of CUG252 resulted in dose-dependent increases in Treg proliferation and expansion by more than 10- and 30-fold, respectively, with largely abolished activities in CD4+ T conventional, cytotoxic CD8+ Teff and NK cells. The ratio of Treg/Teff cells achieved was as high as 0.4 in mice and 1.2 in monkeys. Both CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were expanded with preferential increases in memory over naïve subsets. A substantial increase in Treg-suppressive capacity over T effector cells was corroborated by enhanced expression of functional and inhibitory markers, including CD25, Foxp3, PD-1, CTLA-4, Tim3 and ICOS. In DTH and TDAR models, CUG252 strongly inhibited antigen-driven inflammation, B cell maturation, and antibody production. The sustained PK/PD profile supports monthly dosing or better in humans. CUG252 was well-tolerated and no changes in body weight, body temperature, clinical pathology or signs of vascular leakage were observed. Moreover, CUG252 demonstrated superior manufacturability.Conclusion:CUG252 demonstrates an emerging best-in-class profile among IL-2 variants. It displayed exquisite Treg-selectivity while retaining potency comparable to wild-type IL-2. It showed strong anti-inflammatory and anti-antibody production efficacy with significantly improved therapeutic index and manufacturability. Its favorable drug-like property and robust preclinical efficacy warrant further evaluation in patients with a variety of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.References:[1]Tahvildari M. et al. Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy in Transplantation, Autoimmunity, and Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol. 2019; 203: 2749-2755Disclosure of Interests:Yao-te Hsieh Employee of: Cugene INC., CEDRIC HUBEAU Employee of: Cugene INC., Virginia MASSA Employee of: Cugene INC., WEN Li Employee of: Cugene INC., SANDRA FREI Employee of: Cugene INC., BEN CAPRARO Employee of: Cugene INC., ANDREA UMANA Employee of: Cugene INC., ANDREW AHERRERA Employee of: Cugene INC., YUESHENG LI Employee of: Cugene INC., JING XU Employee of: Cugene INC., LINGYUN RUI Employee of: Cugene INC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rui L. New Antidiabetes Agent Targeting Both Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Pyruvate Catabolism: Two Birds With One Stone. Diabetes 2019; 68:2195-2196. [PMID: 31748264 PMCID: PMC6868470 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen H, Ji Y, Xiong Y, Kim H, Zhong X, Jin MG, Shah YM, Omary MB, Liu Y, Qi L, Rui L. Medullary thymic epithelial NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)/IKKα pathway shapes autoimmunity and liver and lung homeostasis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19090-19097. [PMID: 31481626 PMCID: PMC6754592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901056116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant T cell development is a pivotal risk factor for autoimmune disease; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of T cell overactivation is poorly understood. Here, we identified NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and IkB kinase α (IKKα) in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) as essential regulators of T cell development. Mouse TEC-specific ablation of either NIK or IKKα resulted in severe T cell-mediated inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in the liver and lung, leading to premature death within 18 d of age. NIK or IKKα deficiency abrogated medullary TEC development, and led to breakdown of central tolerance, production of autoreactive T cells, and fatal autoimmune destruction in the liver and lung. TEC-specific ablation of NIK or IKKα also impaired thymic T cell development from the double-negative through the double-positive stages and inhibited peripheral B cell development. These results unravel a hitherto unrecognized essential role of TEC-intrinsic NIK and IKKα pathways in autoimmunity and T cell-instigated chronic liver and lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yewei Ji
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hana Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Michelle G Jin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Paradoxically, modest drinking is believed to confer metabolic improvement, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we have identified a novel hepatoprotective brain/brown adipose tissue (BAT)/liver axis. Alcohol consumption or direct alcohol administration into the brain stimulated hypothalamic neural circuits and sympathetic nerves innervating BAT, and dramatically increased BAT uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression and activity in a BAT sympathetic nerve-dependent manner. BAT and beige fat oxidized fatty acids to fuel Ucp1-mediated thermogenesis, thereby inhibiting lipid trafficking into the liver. BAT also secreted several adipokines, including adiponectin that suppressed hepatocyte injury and death. Genetic deletion of Ucp1 profoundly augmented alcohol-induced liver steatosis, injury, inflammation and fibrosis in male and female mice. Conversely, activation of BAT and beige fat through cold exposure suppressed alcoholic liver disease development. Our results unravel an unrecognized brain alcohol-sensing/sympathetic nerve/BAT/liver axis that counteracts liver steatosis and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shi X, Wang S, Luan H, Tuerhong D, Lin Y, Liang J, Xiong Y, Rui L, Wu F. Clinopodium chinense Attenuates Palmitic Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Inflammation and Insulin Resistance through TLR4-Mediated NF- κ B and MAPK Pathways. Am J Chin Med 2019; 47:97-117. [PMID: 30776912 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated palmitic acid (PA) levels are associated with the development of inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction. Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze has been shown to lower blood glucose and attenuate high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury. In the present study we investigated the effects of ethyl acetate extract of C. chinense (CCE) on PA-induced inflammation and IR in the vascular endothelium and its molecular mechanism. We found that CCE significantly inhibited PA-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Consequently, this led to the inhibition of the following downstream adapted proteins myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon- β and TNF receptor-associated factor 6. Moreover, CCE inhibited the phosphorylation of Ikappa B kinase β , nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- κ B), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and subsequently suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor- α , interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ) and IL-6. CCE also inhibited IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and ameliorated insulin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Moreover, CCE restored serine/threonine kinase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and thus increased insulin-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production in PA-treated HUVECs. This led to reverse insulin mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation, eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in PA-treated rat thoracic aortas. These results suggest that CCE can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response and alleviate impaired insulin signaling in the vascular endothelium by suppressing TLR4-mediated NF- κ B and MAPK pathways. Therefore, CCE can be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for endothelial dysfunction associated with IR and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Shi
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Luan
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dina Tuerhong
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yining Lin
- † Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- ‡ Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- § Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- § Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Feihua Wu
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,§ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramakrishnan SK, Zhang H, Ma X, Jung I, Schwartz AJ, Triner D, Devenport SN, Das NK, Xue X, Zeng MY, Hu Y, Mortensen RM, Greenson JK, Cascalho M, Wobus CE, Colacino JA, Nunez G, Rui L, Shah YM. Intestinal non-canonical NFκB signaling shapes the local and systemic immune response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:660. [PMID: 30737385 PMCID: PMC6368617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfold cells (M-cells) are specialized cells of the intestine that sample luminal microbiota and dietary antigens to educate the immune cells of the intestinal lymphoid follicles. The function of M-cells in systemic inflammatory responses are still unclear. Here we show that epithelial non-canonical NFkB signaling mediated by NFkB-inducing kinase (NIK) is highly active in intestinal lymphoid follicles, and is required for M-cell maintenance. Intestinal NIK signaling modulates M-cell differentiation and elicits both local and systemic IL-17A and IgA production. Importantly, intestinal NIK signaling is active in mouse models of colitis and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases; meanwhile, constitutive NIK signaling increases the susceptibility to inflammatory injury by inducing ectopic M-cell differentiation and a chronic increase of IL-17A. Our work thus defines an important function of non-canonical NFkB and M-cells in immune homeostasis, inflammation and polymicrobial sepsis. Microfold cells (M-cell) are specialized cells of the intestine that sample luminal microbiota and dietary antigens. Here the authors show that epithelial non-canonical NFκB signalling, as induced by NIK, is important for M-cells maintenance, yet constitutive NIK activation is associated with gut inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew J Schwartz
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Triner
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samantha N Devenport
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nupur K Das
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yinling Hu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Richard M Mortensen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Transplantation Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Nunez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, 48109, USA. .,Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Q, Sharma VP, Shen H, Xiao Y, Zhu Q, Xiong X, Guo L, Jiang L, Ohta K, Li S, Shi H, Rui L, Lin JD. The hepatokine Tsukushi gates energy expenditure via brown fat sympathetic innervation. Nat Metab 2019; 1:251-260. [PMID: 31535079 PMCID: PMC6750233 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenesis is an important contributor to whole body energy expenditure and metabolic homeostasis. Although circulating factors that promote energy expenditure are known, endocrine molecules that suppress energy expenditure have remained largely elusive. Here we show that Tsukushi (TSK) is a liver-enriched secreted factor that is highly inducible in response to increased energy expenditure. Hepatic Tsk expression and plasma TSK levels are elevated in obesity. TSK deficiency increases sympathetic innervation and norepinephrine release in adipose tissue, leading to enhanced adrenergic signaling and thermogenesis, attenuation of brown fat whitening and protection from diet-induced obesity in mice. Our work reveals TSK as part of a negative feedback mechanism that gates thermogenic energy expenditure and highlights TSK as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vishal P Sharma
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qi Zhu
- Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li X, Jia L, Chen X, Dong Y, Ren X, Dong Y, Chen Y, Xie L, Liu M, Shiota C, Gittes GK, Rui L, Chen Z. Islet α-cell Inflammation Induced By NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) Leads to Hypoglycemia, Pancreatitis, Growth Retardation, and Postnatal Death in Mice. Theranostics 2018; 8:5960-5971. [PMID: 30613274 PMCID: PMC6299425 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet α-cell dysfunction has been shown to contribute to type 2 diabetes; however, whether islet α-cell inflammation is involved in the occurrence of pancreatitis is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate how NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) regulates pancreatic α-cell function, both in vitro and in vivo, and to assess how islet α-cell inflammation induced by NIK affects the development of pancreatitis. Methods: We utilized adenovirus-mediated NIK overexpression, ELISA, qPCR, RNA-seq, and Western blot analyses to study the role of NIK in islet α cells in vitro. Islet α-cell-specific NIK overexpressing (α-NIK-OE) mice were generated, and pancreatic α/β-cell function and the occurrence of pancreatitis in these mice were assessed via ELISA, qPCR, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: The LTβR/noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway is present in islet α cells. Overexpression of NIK in αTC1-6 cells induces inflammation and cell death, contributing to a decrease in the expression and secretion of glucagon. Additionally, α-cell specific overexpression of NIK (α-NIK-OE) results in α-cell death, lower serum glucagon levels, and hypoglycemia in mice. Strikingly, α-NIK-OE mice also display a reduced β-cell mass, growth retardation, pancreatitis, and postnatal death. Conclusions: Islet α-cell specific overexpression of NIK results in islet α-cell dysfunction and causes islet β-cell death and pancreatitis, which are most likely due to paracrine secretion of cytokines and chemokines from islet α cells, thus leading to hypoglycemia, growth retardation, and postnatal death in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yuefan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of endocrinology and metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - George K. Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rui L, Ping QY, Peng H, Hong CL. Genomic Copy Number Gains of ErbB Family Members Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes in Glioma Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
22
|
Xiong Y, Torsoni AS, Wu F, Shen H, Liu Y, Zhong X, Canet MJ, Shah YM, Omary MB, Liu Y, Rui L. Hepatic NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK) suppresses mouse liver regeneration in acute and chronic liver diseases. eLife 2018; 7:e34152. [PMID: 30070632 PMCID: PMC6078493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reparative hepatocyte replication is impaired in chronic liver disease, contributing to disease progression; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identify Map3k14 (also known as NIK) and its substrate Chuk (also called IKKα) as unrecognized suppressors of hepatocyte replication. Chronic liver disease is associated with aberrant activation of hepatic NIK pathways. We found that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Map3k14 or Chuk substantially accelerated mouse hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration following partial-hepatectomy. Hepatotoxin treatment or high fat diet feeding inhibited the ability of partial-hepatectomy to stimulate hepatocyte replication; remarkably, inactivation of hepatic NIK markedly increased reparative hepatocyte proliferation under these liver disease conditions. Mechanistically, NIK and IKKα suppressed the mitogenic JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression. Our data suggest that hepatic NIK and IKKα act as rheostats for liver regeneration by restraining overgrowth. Pathological activation of hepatic NIK or IKKα likely blocks hepatocyte replication, contributing to liver disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied SciencesUniversity of CampinasLimeiraBrazil
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Mark J Canet
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Y, Shan B, Dai J, Xia Z, Cai J, Chen T, Lv S, Feng Y, Zheng L, Wang Y, Liu J, Fang J, Xie D, Rui L, Liu J, Liu Y. Dual role for inositol-requiring enzyme 1α in promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma during diet-induced obesity in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:533-546. [PMID: 29506314 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is associated with both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and chronic metabolic inflammation. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and has been implicated in a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is unclear whether individual UPR pathways are mechanistically linked to HCC development, however. Here we report a dual role for inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), the ER-localized UPR signal transducer, in obesity-promoted HCC development. We found that genetic ablation of IRE1α in hepatocytes not only markedly reduced the occurrence of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in liver-specific IRE1α knockout (LKO) mice when fed a normal chow (NC) diet, but also protected against the acceleration of HCC progression during high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Irrespective of their adiposity states, LKO mice showed decreased hepatocyte proliferation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, even in the face of increased hepatic apoptosis. Furthermore, IRE1α abrogation blunted obesity-associated activation of hepatic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, leading to reduced production of the tumor-promoting inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Importantly, higher IRE1α expression along with elevated STAT3 phosphorylation was also observed in the tumor tissues from human HCC patients, correlating with their poorer survival rate. CONCLUSION IRE1α acts in a feed-forward loop during obesity-induced metabolic inflammation to promote HCC development through STAT3-mediated hepatocyte proliferation. (Hepatology 2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Xia
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Songya Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiong Feng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jianmiao Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang L, Su H, Keogh JM, Chen Z, Henning E, Wilkinson P, Goodyer I, Farooqi IS, Rui L. Neural deletion of Sh2b1 results in brain growth retardation and reactive aggression. FASEB J 2018; 32:1830-1840. [PMID: 29180441 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700831r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with aberrant brain development and/or aggressive behavior and are influenced by genetic factors; however, genes that affect brain aggression circuits remain elusive. Here, we show that neuronal Src-homology-2 (SH2)B adaptor protein-1 ( Sh2b1) is indispensable for both brain growth and protection against aggression. Global and brain-specific deletion of Sh2b1 decreased brain weight and increased aggressive behavior. Global and brain-specific Sh2b1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited fatal, intermale aggression. In a resident-intruder paradigm, latency to attack was markedly reduced, whereas the number and the duration of attacks was significantly increased in global and brain-specific Sh2b1 KO mice compared with wild-type littermates. Consistently, core aggression circuits were activated to a higher level in global and brain-specific Sh2b1 KO males, based on c-fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Brain-specific restoration of Sh2b1 normalized brain size and reversed pathologic aggression and aberrant activation of core aggression circuits in Sh2b1 KO males. SH2B1 mutations in humans were linked to aberrant brain development and behavior. At the molecular level, Sh2b1 enhanced neurotrophin-stimulated neuronal differentiation and protected against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death. Our data suggest that neuronal Sh2b1 promotes brain development and the integrity of core aggression circuits, likely through enhancing neurotrophin signaling.-Jiang, L., Su, H., Keogh, J. M., Chen, Z., Henning, E., Wilkinson, P., Goodyer, I., Farooqi, I. S., Rui, L. Neural deletion of Sh2b1 results in brain growth retardation and reactive aggression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoran Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdomand.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdomand.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat develops postnatally and is highly inducible. Beige fat recruitment is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including de novo beige adipogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiaiton. Beige precursors reside around vasculatures, and proliferate and differentiate into beige adipocytes. PDGFRα+Ebf2+ precursors are restricted to beige lineage cells, while another PDGFRα+ subset gives rise to beige adipocytes, white adipocytes, or fibrogenic cells. White adipocytes can be reprogramed and transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. Brown and beige adipocytes display many similar properties, including multilocular lipid droplets, dense mitochondria, and expression of UCP1. UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is a hallmark of brown/beige adipocytes, albeit UCP1-independent thermogenesis also occurs. Development, maintenance, and activation of BAT/beige fat are guided by genetic and epigenetic programs. Numerous transcriptional factors and coactivators act coordinately to promote BAT/beige fat thermogenesis. Epigenetic reprograming influences expression of brown/beige adipocyte-selective genes. BAT/beige fat is regulated by neuronal, hormonal, and immune mechanisms. Hypothalamic thermal circuits define the temperature setpoint that guides BAT/beige fat activity. Metabolic hormones, paracrine/autocrine factors, and various immune cells also play a critical role in regulating BAT/beige fat functions. BAT and beige fat defend temperature homeostasis, and regulate body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with brown/beige fat deficiency, and reactivation of brown/beige fat provides metabolic health benefits in some patients. Pharmacological activation of BAT/beige fat may hold promise for combating metabolic diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1281-1306, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen H, Sheng L, Xiong Y, Kim YH, Jiang L, Chen Z, Liu Y, Pyaram K, Chang CH, Rui L. Thymic NF-κB-inducing kinase regulates CD4 + T cell-elicited liver injury and fibrosis in mice. J Hepatol 2017; 67:100-109. [PMID: 28267623 PMCID: PMC5476485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver is an immunologically-privileged organ. Breakdown of liver immune privilege has been reported in chronic liver disease; however, the role of adaptive immunity in liver injury is poorly defined. Nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is known to regulate immune tissue development, but its role in maintaining liver homeostasis remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the role of NIK, particularly thymic NIK, in regulating liver adaptive immunity. METHODS NIK was deleted systemically or conditionally using the Cre/loxp system. Cluster of differentiation [CD]4+ or CD8+ T cells were depleted using anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibody. Donor bone marrows or thymi were transferred into recipient mice. Immune cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS Global, but not liver-specific or hematopoietic lineage cell-specific, deletion of NIK induced fatal liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Likewise, adoptive transfer of NIK-null, but not wild-type, thymi into immune-deficient mice induced liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in recipients. Liver inflammation was characterized by a massive expansion of T cells, particularly the CD4+ T cell subpopulation. Depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells fully protected against liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in NIK-null mice. NIK deficiency also resulted in inflammation in the lung, kidney, and pancreas, but to a lesser degree relative to the liver. CONCLUSIONS Thymic NIK suppresses development of autoreactive T cells against liver antigens, and NIK deficiency in the thymus results in CD4+ T cell-orchestrated autoimmune hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Thus, thymic NIK is essential for the maintenance of liver immune privilege and liver homeostasis. LAY SUMMARY We found that global or thymus-specific ablation of the NIK gene results in fatal autoimmune liver disease in mice. NIK-deficient mice develop liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis. Our findings indicate that thymic NIK is essential for the maintenance of liver integrity and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yeung-Hyen Kim
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kalyani Pyaram
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheong-Hee Chang
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang D, Tong X, VanDommelen K, Gupta N, Stamper K, Brady GF, Meng Z, Lin J, Rui L, Omary MB, Yin L. Lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP mediates fructose-induced metabolic adaptations to prevent hepatotoxicity. J Clin Invest 2017. [PMID: 28628040 DOI: 10.1172/jci89934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and animal studies implicate overconsumption of fructose in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying fructose-induced chronic liver diseases remain largely unknown. Here, we have presented evidence supporting the essential function of the lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in mediating adaptive responses to fructose and protecting against fructose-induced hepatotoxicity. In WT mice, a high-fructose diet (HFrD) activated hepatic lipogenesis in a ChREBP-dependent manner; however, in Chrebp-KO mice, a HFrD induced steatohepatitis. In Chrebp-KO mouse livers, a HFrD reduced levels of molecular chaperones and activated the C/EBP homologous protein-dependent (CHOP-dependent) unfolded protein response, whereas administration of a chemical chaperone or Chop shRNA rescued liver injury. Elevated expression levels of cholesterol biosynthesis genes in HFrD-fed Chrebp-KO livers were paralleled by an increased nuclear abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Atorvastatin-mediated inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis or depletion of hepatic Srebp2 reversed fructose-induced liver injury in Chrebp-KO mice. Mechanistically, we determined that ChREBP binds to nuclear SREBP2 to promote its ubiquitination and destabilization in cultured cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that ChREBP provides hepatoprotection against a HFrD by preventing overactivation of cholesterol biosynthesis and the subsequent CHOP-mediated, proapoptotic unfolded protein response. Our findings also identified a role for ChREBP in regulating SREBP2-dependent cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle VanDommelen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neil Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth Stamper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Graham F Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Sheng L, Xiong Y, Shen H, Liu Y, Rui L. Liver NF-κB-Inducing Kinase Promotes Liver Steatosis and Glucose Counterregulation in Male Mice With Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1207-1216. [PMID: 28379340 PMCID: PMC5460833 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and liver steatoses. Numerous proinflammatory cytokines have been reported to regulate liver glucose and lipid metabolism, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of liver steatosis and/or metabolic dysfunction. Nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is stimulated by many cytokines and mediates activation of the noncanonical nuclear factor-κB pathway. We previously reported that liver NIK is aberrantly activated in obesity; inactivation of NIK by overexpressing dominant negative NIK(KA) suppresses hepatic glucose production. In the present study, we generated conditional NIK knockout mice using the Cre/loxp system. Mice with hepatocyte-specific or hematopoietic lineage-specific deletion of NIK were normal with either normal chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. In contrast, deletion of NIK in the liver, including both hepatocytes and immune cells, protected against HFD-induced liver steatosis and attenuated hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, deletion of liver NIK suppressed liver inflammation and lipogenic programs, thus contributing to protection against liver steatosis. Liver NIK also downregulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, thereby augmenting the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A pathway and glucagon-stimulated hepatic glucose production. Together, our data suggest that NIK pathways in both hepatocytes and immune cells act in concert to promote liver steatosis and glucose production in the setting of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shan B, Wang X, Wu Y, Xu C, Xia Z, Dai J, Shao M, Zhao F, He S, Yang L, Zhang M, Nan F, Li J, Liu J, Liu J, Jia W, Qiu Y, Song B, Han JDJ, Rui L, Duan SZ, Liu Y. The metabolic ER stress sensor IRE1α suppresses alternative activation of macrophages and impairs energy expenditure in obesity. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:519-529. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Wan Z, Lu Y, Rui L, Yu X, Li Z. Sexing chick mRNA: A protocol based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Poult Sci 2017; 96:537-540. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
31
|
Ren X, Li X, Jia L, Chen D, Hou H, Rui L, Zhao Y, Chen Z. A small-molecule inhibitor of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) protects liver from toxin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury. FASEB J 2017; 31:711-718. [PMID: 27871061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600840r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Potent and selective chemical probes are valuable tools for discovery of novel treatments for human diseases. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a key trigger in the development of liver injury and fibrosis. Whether inhibition of NIK activity by chemical probes ameliorates liver inflammation and injury is largely unknown. In this study, a small-molecule inhibitor of NIK, B022, was found to be a potent and selective chemical probe for liver inflammation and injury. B022 inhibited the NIK signaling pathway, including NIK-induced p100-to-p52 processing and inflammatory gene expression, both in vitro and in vivo Furthermore, in vivo administration of B022 protected against not only NIK but also CCl4-induced liver inflammation and injury. Our data suggest that inhibition of NIK is a novel strategy for treatment of liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury.-Ren, X., Li, X., Jia, L., Chen, D., Hou, H., Rui, L., Zhao, Y., Chen, Z. A small-molecule inhibitor of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) protects liver from toxin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Deheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hou
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun C, Jiang L, Liu Y, Shen H, Weiss SJ, Zhou Y, Rui L. Adipose Snail1 Regulates Lipolysis and Lipid Partitioning by Suppressing Adipose Triacylglycerol Lipase Expression. Cell Rep 2016; 17:2015-2027. [PMID: 27851965 PMCID: PMC5131732 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis provides metabolic fuel; however, aberrant adipose lipolysis results in ectopic lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. While adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL) catalyzes the first step of lipolysis, its regulation is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte Snail1 suppresses both ATGL expression and lipolysis. Adipose Snail1 levels are higher in fed mice than in fasted mice and higher in obese mice as opposed to lean mice. Insulin increases Snail1 levels in both murine and human adipocytes, wherein Snail1 binds to the ATGL promoter to repress its expression. Importantly, adipocyte-specific deletion of Snail1 increases adipose ATGL expression and lipolysis, resulting in decreased fat mass and increased liver fat content in mice fed either a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet. Thus, we have identified a Snail1-ATGL axis that regulates adipose lipolysis and fatty acid release, thereby governing lipid partitioning between adipose and non-adipose tissues.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Lipase/genetics
- Lipase/metabolism
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Snail Family Transcription Factors/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Blandino-Rosano M, Scheys JO, Jimenez-Palomares M, Barbaresso R, Bender AS, Yanagiya A, Liu M, Rui L, Sonenberg N, Bernal-Mizrachi E. 4E-BP2/SH2B1/IRS2 Are Part of a Novel Feedback Loop That Controls β-Cell Mass. Diabetes 2016; 65:2235-48. [PMID: 27217487 PMCID: PMC4955981 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates several biological processes, although the key downstream mechanisms responsible for these effects are poorly defined. Using mice with deletion of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2 (4E-BP2), we determine that this downstream target is a major regulator of glucose homeostasis and β-cell mass, proliferation, and survival by increasing insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) levels and identify a novel feedback mechanism by which mTORC1 signaling increases IRS2 levels. In this feedback loop, we show that 4E-BP2 deletion induces translation of the adaptor protein SH2B1 and promotes the formation of a complex with IRS2 and Janus kinase 2, preventing IRS2 ubiquitination. The changes in IRS2 levels result in increases in cell cycle progression, cell survival, and β-cell mass by increasing Akt signaling and reducing p27 levels. Importantly, 4E-BP2 deletion confers resistance to cytokine treatment in vitro. Our data identify SH2B1 as a major regulator of IRS2 stability, demonstrate a novel feedback mechanism linking mTORC1 signaling with IRS2, and identify 4E-BP2 as a major regulator of proliferation and survival of β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joshua O Scheys
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Margarita Jimenez-Palomares
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rebecca Barbaresso
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aaron S Bender
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Akiko Yanagiya
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tong X, Li P, Zhang D, VanDommelen K, Gupta N, Rui L, Omary MB, Yin L. E4BP4 is an insulin-induced stabilizer of nuclear SREBP-1c and promotes SREBP-1c-mediated lipogenesis. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1219-30. [PMID: 27252523 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon food intake, insulin stimulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in hepatocytes via the AKT-mTORC1-sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c pathway. How insulin maintains the maximal SREBP-1c activities during the entire feeding state remains elusive. We previously reported that insulin induced b-ZIP transcription factor, E4-binding protein 4 (E4BP4), in hepatocytes. In the current study, we show that insulin injection increases hepatic E4bp4 expression by activating the AKT-mTORC1-SREBP-1c pathway in hepatocytes. E4bp4-deficient hepatocytes not only fail to maintain robust DNL but also become resistant to SREBP-1c-induced lipogenesis. In vivo, acute depletion of E4bp4 in the liver by adenoviral shRNA reduces the expression of lipogenic enzymes and results in reduced levels of serum triglycerides and cholesterol during the postprandial phase. In hepatocytes, E4BP4 interacts with nuclear SREBP-1c to preserve its acetylation, and subsequently protects it from ubiquitination-dependent degradation. In conclusion, the current studies uncover a novel positive feedback pathway mediated by E4BP4 to augment SREBP-1c-mediated DNL in the liver during the fed state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Pei Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Kyle VanDommelen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Neil Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Bouchlaka MN, Wolff J, Grindle KM, Lu L, Qian S, Zhong X, Pflum N, Jobin P, Kahl BS, Eickhoff JC, Wuerzberger-Davis SM, Miyamoto S, Thomas CJ, Yang DT, Capitini CM, Rui L. FBXO10 deficiency and BTK activation upregulate BCL2 expression in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2016; 35:6223-6234. [PMID: 27157620 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) by ibrutinib is an effective treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, both primary and acquired resistance to ibrutinib have developed in a significant number of these patients. A combinatory strategy targeting multiple oncogenic pathways is critical to enhance the efficacy of ibrutinib. Here, we focus on the BCL2 anti-apoptotic pathway. In a tissue microarray of 62 MCL samples, BCL2 expression positively correlated with BTK expression. Increased levels of BCL2 were shown to be due to a defect in protein degradation because of no or little expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO10, as well as transcriptional upregulation through BTK-mediated canonical nuclear factor-κB activation. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that a set of anti-apoptotic genes (for example, BCL2, BCL-XL and DAD1) was downregulated by BTK short hairpin RNA. The downregulated genes also included those that are critical for B-cell growth and proliferation, such as BCL6, MYC, PIK3CA and BAFF-R. Targeting BCL2 by the specific inhibitor ABT-199 synergized with ibrutinib in inhibiting growth of both ibrutinib-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest co-targeting of BTK and BCL2 as a new therapeutic strategy in MCL, especially for patients with primary resistance to ibrutinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M N Bouchlaka
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K M Grindle
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Lu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Qian
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X Zhong
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Pflum
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B S Kahl
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S M Wuerzberger-Davis
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Miyamoto
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D T Yang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C M Capitini
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ramakrishnan SK, Zhang H, Takahashi S, Centofanti B, Periyasamy S, Weisz K, Chen Z, Uhler MD, Rui L, Gonzalez FJ, Shah YM. HIF2α Is an Essential Molecular Brake for Postprandial Hepatic Glucagon Response Independent of Insulin Signaling. Cell Metab 2016; 23:505-16. [PMID: 26853750 PMCID: PMC4785079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and maintains blood glucose levels during fasting. The mechanism that attenuates glucagon action following refeeding is not understood. The present study demonstrates an increase in perivenous liver hypoxia immediately after feeding, which stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) in liver. The transient postprandial increase in hepatic HIF2α attenuates glucagon signaling. Hepatocyte-specific disruption of HIF2α increases postprandial blood glucose and potentiates the glucagon response. Independent of insulin/AKT signaling, activation of hepatic HIF2α resulted in lower blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased gluconeogenesis due to blunted hepatic glucagon action. Mechanistically, HIF2α abrogated glucagon-PKA signaling by activating cAMP-phosphodiesterases in a MEK/ERK-dependent manner. Repression of glucagon signaling by HIF2α ameliorated hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and acute insulin-resistant animal models. This study reveals that HIF2α is essential for the acute postprandial regulation of hepatic glucagon signaling and suggests HIF2α as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brook Centofanti
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarvesh Periyasamy
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kevin Weisz
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D Uhler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zheng M, Turton KB, Zhu F, Li Y, Grindle KM, Annis DS, Lu L, Drennan AC, Tweardy DJ, Bharadwaj U, Mosher DF, Rui L. A mix of S and ΔS variants of STAT3 enable survival of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells in culture. Oncogenesis 2016; 4:e184. [PMID: 26727576 PMCID: PMC4728674 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL) is characterized by increased expression and activator of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). ABC DLBCL cells require STAT3 for growth in culture. In ABC DLBCL cells, eosinophils and perhaps all cells, four variant STAT3 mRNAs (Sα, ΔSα, Sβ and ΔSβ) are present as a result of two alternative splicing events, one that results in the inclusion of a 55-residue C-terminal transactivation domain (α) or a truncated C-terminal domain with 7 unique residues (β) and a second that includes (S) or excludes (ΔS) the codon for Ser-701 in the linker between the SH2 and C-terminal domains. A substantial literature indicates that both α and β variants are required for optimal STAT3 function, but nothing is known about functions of ΔS variants. We used a knockdown/re-expression strategy to explore whether survival of ABC DLBCL cells requires that the four variants be in an appropriate ratio. No single variant rescued survival as well as STAT3Sα-C, Sα with activating mutations (A661C and N663C) in the SH2 domain. Better rescue was achieved when all four variants were re-expressed or Sα and ΔSα or Sβ and ΔSβ were re-expressed in pairs. Rescue correlated with expression of STAT3-sensitive genes NFKBIA and NFKBIZ. We consider a variety of explanations why a mix of S and ΔS variants of STAT3 should enable survival of ABC DLBCL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zheng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K B Turton
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Zhu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Y Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K M Grindle
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D S Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Lu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A C Drennan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D J Tweardy
- Department of Internal Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - U Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D F Mosher
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Rui
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang YP, Zhao Q, Tao YZ, Niu XR, Rui L. Relationships between transient elastography values and liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease patients with normal or mildly abnormal aminotransferase levels. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:18172-80. [PMID: 26782464 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.23.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate relationships between transient elastography values and liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease patients with normal or mildly abnormal aminotransferase levels. Fifty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Transient elastography and liver biopsy were performed on the same day, and the fibrosis was staged based on the Scheuer scoring system. Liver stiffness was measured to assessed liver fibrosis using transient elastography. The transient elastography values of 12 patients with chronic hepatitis B were studied before and 6 months after antiviral treatment. The sensitivity and specificity for 10.88 kPa in S3 were 80 and 87.8%, and for 19.4 kPa in S4, were 100 and 90.7%, respectively. In univariate analysis, liver stiffness strongly correlated with the fibrosis stage (r = 0.70, P < 0.5), moderately correlated with the aminotransferases (r = 0.398, P < 0.05), and poorly correlated with the degree of necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.19, P < 0.5). In multivariate regression, liver stiffness correlated only with the fibrosis stage (P < 0.05). Pre- and post-treatment viral loads were not significantly different [(4.81 ± 0.15) x 10(6) vs (7.62 ± 0. 16) x 10(3), P > 0.05]. Pre- and post-treatment LS measurements were not correlated with viral load (P > 0.05). Pre- and post-treatment LS measurements were not significantly different (P > 0.02). In conclusion, transient elastography values correlated with the stage of cirrhosis, alanine aminotransferase levels, and antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B and did not correlate with viral loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Zhang
- Liver Disease Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Q Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Y Z Tao
- Liver Disease Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - X R Niu
- Surgical ICU, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - L Rui
- Liver Disease Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Z, Canet MJ, Sheng L, Jiang L, Xiong Y, Yin L, Rui L. Hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in mice with obesity. Mol Metab 2015; 4:951-60. [PMID: 26909311 PMCID: PMC4731737 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic inflammation is believed to promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes progression in obesity. TRAF3, a cytoplasmic signaling protein, has been known to mediate/modulate cytokine signaling in immune cells. The goal is to define the metabolic function of hepatic TRAF3 in the setting of obesity. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific TRAF3 knockout mice were generated using the loxp/albumin-cre system. Liver TRAF3 was deleted in adult obese mice via Cre adenoviral infection. Both high fat diet-induced and genetic obesity were examined. TRAF3 levels and insulin signaling were measured by immunoblotting. Insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose production, and glucose metabolism were examined by glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests. Hepatic steatosis was examined by Oil red O staining of liver sections and measuring liver triacylglycerol levels. RESULTS Liver TRAF3 levels were lower in the fasted states in normal mice, and were aberrantly higher in obese mice and in mice with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Glucose directly increased TRAF3 levels in primary hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of TRAF3 decreased hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis in mice with either high fat diet-induced obesity or genetic obesity (ob/ob); conversely, in lean mice, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRAF3 in the liver induced hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Deletion of TRAF3 enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate phosphorylation of Akt in hepatocytes, whereas overexpression of TRAF3 suppressed insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS Glucose increases the levels of hepatic TRAF3. TRAF3 in turn promotes hyperglycemia through increasing hepatic glucose production, thus forming a glucose-TRAF3 reinforcement loop in the liver. This positive feedback loop may drive the progression of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity.
Collapse
Key Words
- DKO, hepatocyte TRAF3 and leptin double knockout
- Diabetes
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GTT, glucose
- Gluconeogenesis
- HFD, high fat diet
- HKO, hepatocyte-specific TRAF3 knockout
- ITT, insulin
- Inflammation
- Insulin
- LD, lipid droplet
- LTT, lactate tolerance test
- Liver
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Obesity
- PTT, pyruvate
- TRAF3
- TRAF3, TNF receptor-associated factor 3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA; School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Mark J Canet
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xirong L, Rui L, Xiaoli Y, Qiuyan H, Bikui T, Sibo Z, Naishuo Z. Hepatitis B virus can be inhibited by DNA methyltransferase 3a via specific zinc-finger-induced methylation of the X promoter. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2015; 79:111-23. [PMID: 24794726 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work we explored whether DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) targeted to the HBV X promoter (XP) causes epigenetic suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The C-terminus of Dnmt3a (Dnmt3aC) was fused to a six-zinc-finger peptide specific to XP to form a fused DNA methyltransferase (XPDnmt3aC). The binding and methyl-modifying specificity of XPDnmt3aC were verified with an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. XP activity and HBV expression were clearly downregulated in HepG2 cells transfected with plasmid pXPDnmt3aC. The injection of XPDnmt3aC into HBV transgenic (TgHBV) mice also showed significant inhibition, leading to low serum HBV surface protein (HBsAg) levels and a reduced viral load. Thus, XPDnmt3aC specifically silenced HBV via site-selective DNA methylation delivered by zinc-finger peptides. This study establishes the foundation of an epigenetic way of controlling HBV-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Xirong
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiang B, Shen H, Chen Z, Yin L, Zan L, Rui L. Carboxyl terminus of HSC70-interacting protein (CHIP) down-regulates NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and suppresses NIK-induced liver injury. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11704-14. [PMID: 25792747 PMCID: PMC4416871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser/Thr kinase NIK (NF-κB-inducing kinase) mediates the activation of the noncanonical NF-κB2 pathway, and it plays an important role in regulating immune cell development and liver homeostasis. NIK levels are extremely low in quiescent cells due to ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation, and cytokines stimulate NIK activation through increasing NIK stability; however, regulation of NIK stability is not fully understood. Here we identified CHIP (carboxyl terminus of HSC70-interacting protein) as a new negative regulator of NIK. CHIP contains three N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs), a middle dimerization domain, and a C-terminal U-box. The U-box domain contains ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that promotes ubiquitination of CHIP-bound partners. We observed that CHIP bound to NIK via its TPR domain. In both HEK293 and primary hepatocytes, overexpression of CHIP markedly decreased NIK levels at least in part through increasing ubiquitination and degradation of NIK. Accordingly, CHIP suppressed NIK-induced activation of the noncanonical NF-κB2 pathway. CHIP also bound to TRAF3, and CHIP and TRAF3 acted coordinately to efficiently promote NIK degradation. The TPR but not the U-box domain was required for CHIP to promote NIK degradation. In mice, hepatocyte-specific overexpression of NIK resulted in liver inflammation and injury, leading to death, and liver-specific expression of CHIP reversed the detrimental effects of hepatic NIK. Our data suggest that CHIP/TRAF3/NIK interactions recruit NIK to E3 ligase complexes for ubiquitination and degradation, thus maintaining NIK at low levels. Defects in CHIP regulation of NIK may result in aberrant NIK activation in the liver, contributing to live injury, inflammation, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Jiang
- From the National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China and the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Hong Shen
- the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Zheng Chen
- the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Lei Yin
- the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Linsen Zan
- From the National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China and
| | - Liangyou Rui
- the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Z, Shen H, Sun C, Yin L, Tang F, Zheng P, Liu Y, Brink R, Rui L. Myeloid cell TRAF3 promotes metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E460-9. [PMID: 25628422 PMCID: PMC4360016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00470.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, mediate metabolic inflammation, thus promoting insulin resistance and metabolic disease progression in obesity. Numerous cytokines, toxic metabolites, damage-associated molecular patterns, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns are involved in activating macrophages via their cognate receptors in obesity. TRAF3 (TNF receptor-associated factor 3) is a common signaling molecule for these ligands/receptors and negatively regulates the proinflammatory NF-κB and MAPK pathways, but its metabolic activity is unknown. We here show that myeloid cell TRAF3 is required for metabolic inflammation and metabolic disease progression in obesity. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of TRAF3 significantly attenuated insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis in mice with either genetic (ob/ob) or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of TRAF3 had the opposite effects on metabolic inflammation between obese and lean mice. It decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and adipose tissue of obese mice and largely prevented HFD-induced inflammation in these metabolic tissues; by contrast, in lean mice, it increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and adipose tissue. These data suggest that, in obesity progression, myeloid TRAF3 functionally switches its activity from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory modes, thereby coupling overnutrition to metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chengxin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Y, Shao M, Wu Y, Yan C, Jiang S, Liu J, Dai J, Yang L, Li J, Jia W, Rui L, Liu Y. Role for the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1α in liver regenerative responses. J Hepatol 2015; 62:590-8. [PMID: 25457211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As the main detoxifying organ of the body, the liver possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate after toxic injury, tissue resection or viral infection. A growing number of cellular signaling pathways have been implicated in orchestrating the process of liver regeneration. Here we investigated the role of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), a key signal transducer of the unfolded protein response (UPR), in liver regeneration. METHODS Using mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of IRE1α, we examined the role of IRE1α in liver regeneration after challenges with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or hepatic surgery. We also investigated if IRE1α deficiency could affect the activation state of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in hepatocytes. Using co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays, we analyzed whether IRE1α could interact with STAT3 to regulate its phosphorylation. RESULTS We found that in response to CCl4-induced liver damage or after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH), abrogation of IRE1α caused marked exacerbation of liver injury and impairment in regenerative proliferation of hepatocytes in mice. Furthermore, IRE1α deficiency resulted in dampened STAT3 activation, and restoration of IRE1α expression led to sustained phosphorylation of STAT3 in IRE1α-null hepatocytes. Additionally, IRE1α could directly and constitutively associate with STAT3, leading to elevated phosphorylation when stimulated by IL-6. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IRE1α may promote liver regeneration through acting as a signaling platform to regulate the STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengle Shao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianli Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The liver is an essential metabolic organ, and its metabolic function is controlled by insulin and other metabolic hormones. Glucose is converted into pyruvate through glycolysis in the cytoplasm, and pyruvate is subsequently oxidized in the mitochondria to generate ATP through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. In the fed state, glycolytic products are used to synthesize fatty acids through de novo lipogenesis. Long-chain fatty acids are incorporated into triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and/or cholesterol esters in hepatocytes. These complex lipids are stored in lipid droplets and membrane structures, or secreted into the circulation as very low-density lipoprotein particles. In the fasted state, the liver secretes glucose through both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. During pronged fasting, hepatic gluconeogenesis is the primary source for endogenous glucose production. Fasting also promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in release of nonesterified fatty acids which are converted into ketone bodies in hepatic mitochondria though β-oxidation and ketogenesis. Ketone bodies provide a metabolic fuel for extrahepatic tissues. Liver energy metabolism is tightly regulated by neuronal and hormonal signals. The sympathetic system stimulates, whereas the parasympathetic system suppresses, hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin stimulates glycolysis and lipogenesis but suppresses gluconeogenesis, and glucagon counteracts insulin action. Numerous transcription factors and coactivators, including CREB, FOXO1, ChREBP, SREBP, PGC-1α, and CRTC2, control the expression of the enzymes which catalyze key steps of metabolic pathways, thus controlling liver energy metabolism. Aberrant energy metabolism in the liver promotes insulin resistance, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shen H, Sheng L, Chen Z, Jiang L, Su H, Yin L, Omary MB, Rui L. Mouse hepatocyte overexpression of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) triggers fatal macrophage-dependent liver injury and fibrosis. Hepatology 2014; 60:2065-76. [PMID: 25088600 PMCID: PMC4245385 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Damaged, necrotic, or apoptotic hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns that initiate sterile inflammation, and liver inflammation drives liver injury and fibrosis. Here we identified hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK), a Ser/Thr kinase, as a novel trigger of fatal liver inflammation. NIK is activated by a broad spectrum of stimuli. It was up-regulated in injured livers in both mice and humans. In primary mouse hepatocytes, NIK overexpression stimulated, independently of cell injury and death, release of numerous chemokines and cytokines that activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs in turn secreted proapoptotic molecules that stimulated hepatocyte apoptosis. Hepatocyte-specific expression of the NIK transgene triggered massive liver inflammation, oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver fibrosis, leading to weight loss, hypoglycemia, and death. Depletion of Kupffer cells/macrophages reversed NIK-induced liver destruction and death. CONCLUSION the hepatocyte NIK-liver immune cell axis promotes liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis, thus driving liver disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haoran Su
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kairis O, Kosmas C, Karavitis C, Ritsema C, Salvati L, Acikalin S, Alcalá M, Alfama P, Atlhopheng J, Barrera J, Belgacem A, Solé-Benet A, Brito J, Chaker M, Chanda R, Coelho C, Darkoh M, Diamantis I, Ermolaeva O, Fassouli V, Fei W, Feng J, Fernandez F, Ferreira A, Gokceoglu C, Gonzalez D, Gungor H, Hessel R, Juying J, Khatteli H, Khitrov N, Kounalaki A, Laouina A, Lollino P, Lopes M, Magole L, Medina L, Mendoza M, Morais P, Mulale K, Ocakoglu F, Ouessar M, Ovalle C, Perez C, Perkins J, Pliakas F, Polemio M, Pozo A, Prat C, Qinke Y, Ramos A, Ramos J, Riquelme J, Romanenkov V, Rui L, Santaloia F, Sebego R, Sghaier M, Silva N, Sizemskaya M, Soares J, Sonmez H, Taamallah H, Tezcan L, Torri D, Ungaro F, Valente S, de Vente J, Zagal E, Zeiliguer A, Zhonging W, Ziogas A. Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring: types of degradation, causes, and implications for management. Environ Manage 2014; 54:971-82. [PMID: 23811772 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indicator-based approaches are often used to monitor land degradation and desertification from the global to the very local scale. However, there is still little agreement on which indicators may best reflect both status and trends of these phenomena. In this study, various processes of land degradation and desertification have been analyzed in 17 study sites around the world using a wide set of biophysical and socioeconomic indicators. The database described earlier in this issue by Kosmas and others (Environ Manage, 2013) for defining desertification risk was further analyzed to define the most important indicators related to the following degradation processes: water erosion in various land uses, tillage erosion, soil salinization, water stress, forest fires, and overgrazing. A correlation analysis was applied to the selected indicators in order to identify the most important variables contributing to each land degradation process. The analysis indicates that the most important indicators are: (i) rain seasonality affecting water erosion, water stress, and forest fires, (ii) slope gradient affecting water erosion, tillage erosion and water stress, and (iii) water scarcity soil salinization, water stress, and forest fires. Implementation of existing regulations or policies concerned with resources development and environmental sustainability was identified as the most important indicator of land protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or Kairis
- Laboratory of Soils, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kosmas C, Kairis O, Karavitis C, Ritsema C, Salvati L, Acikalin S, Alcala M, Alfama P, Atlhopheng J, Barrera J, Belgacem A, Solé-Benet A, Brito J, Chaker M, Chanda R, Coelho C, Darkoh M, Diamantis I, Ermolaeva O, Fassouli V, Fei W, Feng J, Fernandez F, Ferreira A, Gokceoglu C, Gonzalez D, Gungor H, Hessel R, Juying J, Khatteli H, Khitrov N, Kounalaki A, Laouina A, Lollino P, Lopes M, Magole L, Medina L, Mendoza M, Morais P, Mulale K, Ocakoglu F, Ouessar M, Ovalle C, Perez C, Perkins J, Pliakas F, Polemio M, Pozo A, Prat C, Qinke Y, Ramos A, Ramos J, Riquelme J, Romanenkov V, Rui L, Santaloia F, Sebego R, Sghaier M, Silva N, Sizemskaya M, Soares J, Sonmez H, Taamallah H, Tezcan L, Torri D, Ungaro F, Valente S, de Vente J, Zagal E, Zeiliguer A, Zhonging W, Ziogas A. Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring: methodological approach. Environ Manage 2014; 54:951-970. [PMID: 23797485 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An approach to derive relationships for defining land degradation and desertification risk and developing appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of the various land management practices using indicators is presented in the present paper. In order to investigate which indicators are most effective in assessing the level of desertification risk, a total of 70 candidate indicators was selected providing information for the biophysical environment, socio-economic conditions, and land management characteristics. The indicators were defined in 1,672 field sites located in 17 study areas in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Based on an existing geo-referenced database, classes were designated for each indicator and a sensitivity score to desertification was assigned to each class based on existing research. The obtained data were analyzed for the various processes of land degradation at farm level. The derived methodology was assessed using independent indicators, such as the measured soil erosion rate, and the organic matter content of the soil. Based on regression analyses, the collected indicator set can be reduced to a number of effective indicators ranging from 8 to 17 in the various processes of land degradation. Among the most important indicators identified as affecting land degradation and desertification risk were rain seasonality, slope gradient, plant cover, rate of land abandonment, land-use intensity, and the level of policy implementation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang D, Tong X, Arthurs B, Guha A, Rui L, Kamath A, Inoki K, Yin L. Liver clock protein BMAL1 promotes de novo lipogenesis through insulin-mTORC2-AKT signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25925-35. [PMID: 25063808 PMCID: PMC4162191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The clock protein BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) participates in circadian regulation of lipid metabolism, but its contribution to insulin AKT-regulated hepatic lipid synthesis is unclear. Here we used both Bmal1(-/-) and acute liver-specific Bmal1-depleted mice to study the role of BMAL1 in refeeding-induced de novo lipogenesis in the liver. Both global deficiency and acute hepatic depletion of Bmal1 reduced lipogenic gene expression in the liver upon refeeding. Conversely, Bmal1 overexpression in mouse liver by adenovirus was sufficient to elevate the levels of mRNA of lipogenic enzymes. Bmal1(-/-) primary mouse hepatocytes displayed decreased levels of de novo lipogenesis and lipogenic enzymes, supporting the notion that BMAL1 regulates lipid synthesis in hepatocytes in a cell-autonomous manner. Both refed mouse liver and insulin-treated primary mouse hepatocytes showed impaired AKT activation in the case of either Bmal1 deficiency or Bmal1 depletion by adenoviral shRNA. Restoring AKT activity by a constitutively active mutant of AKT nearly normalized de novo lipogenesis in Bmal1(-/-) hepatocytes. Finally, Bmal1 deficiency or knockdown decreased the protein abundance of RICTOR, the key component of the mTORC2 complex, without affecting the gene expression of key factors of insulin signaling. Thus, our study uncovered a novel metabolic function of hepatic BMAL1 that promotes de novo lipogenesis via the insulin-mTORC2-AKT signaling during refeeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Xin Tong
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Blake Arthurs
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Anirvan Guha
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Liangyou Rui
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Avani Kamath
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ken Inoki
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Lei Yin
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pearce LR, Joe R, Doche ME, Su HW, Keogh JM, Henning E, Argetsinger LS, Bochukova EG, Cline JM, Garg S, Saeed S, Shoelson S, O'Rahilly S, Barroso I, Rui L, Farooqi IS, Carter-Su C. Functional characterization of obesity-associated variants involving the α and β isoforms of human SH2B1. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3219-26. [PMID: 24971614 PMCID: PMC4138566 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported rare variants in sarcoma (Src) homology 2 (SH2) B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and maladaptive behavior. Here, we identify 4 additional SH2B1 variants by sequencing 500 individuals with severe early-onset obesity. SH2B1 has 4 alternatively spliced isoforms. One variant (T546A) lies within the N-terminal region common to all isoforms. As shown for past variants in this region, T546A impairs SH2B1β enhancement of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth, and the individual with the T546A variant exhibits mild developmental delay. The other 3 variants (A663V, V695M, and A723V) lie in the C-terminal tail of SH2B1α. SH2B1α variant carriers were hyperinsulinemic but did not exhibit the behavioral phenotype observed in individuals with SH2B1 variants that disrupt all isoforms. In in vitro assays, SH2B1α, like SH2B1β, enhances insulin- and leptin-induced insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) phosphorylation and GH-induced cell motility. None of the variants affect SH2B1α enhancement of insulin- and leptin-induced IRS2 phosphorylation. However, T546A, A663V, and A723V all impair the ability of SH2B1α to enhance GH-induced cell motility. In contrast to SH2B1β, SH2B1α does not enhance nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth. These studies suggest that genetic variants that disrupt isoforms other than SH2B1β may be functionally significant. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which the individual isoforms regulate energy homeostasis and behavior.
Collapse
|
50
|
Hu J, Jiang L, Low MJ, Rui L. Glucose rapidly induces different forms of excitatory synaptic plasticity in hypothalamic POMC neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105080. [PMID: 25127258 PMCID: PMC4134273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic POMC neurons are required for glucose and energy homeostasis. POMC neurons have a wide synaptic connection with neurons both within and outside the hypothalamus, and their activity is controlled by a balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Brain glucose-sensing plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal body weight and metabolism; however, the effect of glucose on synaptic transmission in POMC neurons is largely unknown. Here we identified three types of POMC neurons (EPSC(+), EPSC(-), and EPSC(+/-)) based on their glucose-regulated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Lowering extracellular glucose decreased the frequency of sEPSCs in EPSC(+) neurons, but increased it in EPSC(-) neurons. Unlike EPSC(+) and EPSC(-) neurons, EPSC(+/-) neurons displayed a bi-phasic sEPSC response to glucoprivation. In the first phase of glucoprivation, both the frequency and the amplitude of sEPSCs decreased, whereas in the second phase, they increased progressively to the levels above the baseline values. Accordingly, lowering glucose exerted a bi-phasic effect on spontaneous action potentials in EPSC(+/-) neurons. Glucoprivation decreased firing rates in the first phase, but increased them in the second phase. These data indicate that glucose induces distinct excitatory synaptic plasticity in different subpopulations of POMC neurons. This synaptic remodeling is likely to regulate the sensitivity of the melanocortin system to neuronal and hormonal signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Malcolm J. Low
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|