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Abstract
The neocortex is disproportionately expanded in human compared with mouse1,2, both in its total volume relative to subcortical structures and in the proportion occupied by supragranular layers composed of neurons that selectively make connections within the neocortex and with other telencephalic structures. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human and mouse neocortex show an increased diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in supragranular layers in human neocortex and pronounced gradients as a function of cortical depth3. Here, to probe the functional and anatomical correlates of this transcriptomic diversity, we developed a robust platform combining patch clamp recording, biocytin staining and single-cell RNA-sequencing (Patch-seq) to examine neurosurgically resected human tissues. We demonstrate a strong correspondence between morphological, physiological and transcriptomic phenotypes of five human glutamatergic supragranular neuron types. These were enriched in but not restricted to layers, with one type varying continuously in all phenotypes across layers 2 and 3. The deep portion of layer 3 contained highly distinctive cell types, two of which express a neurofilament protein that labels long-range projection neurons in primates that are selectively depleted in Alzheimer's disease4,5. Together, these results demonstrate the explanatory power of transcriptomic cell-type classification, provide a structural underpinning for increased complexity of cortical function in humans, and implicate discrete transcriptomic neuron types as selectively vulnerable in disease.
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A reply. Anaesthesia 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05339_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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MHC class I allele dosage alters CD8 expression by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:2561-8. [PMID: 11509596 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.5.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of TCR alphabeta(+), CD8alphabeta(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) is dependent on MHC class I molecules expressed in the thymus, while some CD8alphaalpha(+) IEL may arise independently of MHC class I. We examined the influence of MHC I allele dosage on the development CD8(+) T cells in RAG 2(-/-) mice expressing the H-2D(b)-restricted transgenic TCR specific for the male, Smcy-derived H-Y Ag (H-Y TCR). IEL in male mice heterozygous for the restricting (H-2D(b)) and nonrestricting (H-2D(d)) MHC class I alleles (MHC F(1)) were composed of a mixture of CD8alphabeta(+) and CD8alphaalpha(+) T cells, while T cells in the spleen were mostly CD8alphabeta(+). This was unlike IEL in male mice homozygous for H-2D(b), which had predominantly CD8alphaalpha(+) IEL and few mostly CD8(-) T cells in the spleen. Our results demonstrate that deletion of CD8alphabeta(+) cells in H-Y TCR male mice is dependent on two copies of H-2D(b), whereas the generation of CD8alphaalpha(+) IEL requires only one copy. The existence of CD8alphabeta(+) and CD8alphaalpha(+) IEL in MHC F(1) mice suggests that their generation is not mutually exclusive in cells with identical TCR. Furthermore, our data imply that the level of the restricting MHC class I allele determines a threshold for conventional CD8alphabeta(+) T cell selection in the thymus of H-Y TCR-transgenic mice, whereas the development of CD8alphaalpha(+) IEL is dependent on, but less sensitive to, this MHC class I allele.
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Government promotes health care rationing. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1998; 4:20-1. [PMID: 10586780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Lobbying is the way of the future. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1996; 2:2. [PMID: 9004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Reforms round-up. Welcoming a new era. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1996; 2:10. [PMID: 9004705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Reforms round-up. Beware managed care. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1996; 2:10. [PMID: 9006188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Reforms round-up. Staff cuts continue. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1996; 2:10. [PMID: 8920530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Reforms round-up. Reducing infection rates. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1996; 2:10. [PMID: 8715768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Reforms round-up. There is a better way. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1996; 2:10. [PMID: 8998642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Reforms round-up. Where the money goes. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1995; 1:10. [PMID: 8714934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Reforms round-up. Freedom to care. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1995; 1:10. [PMID: 7584646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Keeping staff quiet. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1995; 1:10. [PMID: 7553165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Five common questions about the contract talks. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1992; 85:15-6. [PMID: 1508462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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The making of a TV commercial. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1992; 85:6-7. [PMID: 1635686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Competition in health: fear is the key. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1992; 85:19-20. [PMID: 1635684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Health reforms. ACC: shifting the costs, reducing the benefits. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1991; 84:18-20. [PMID: 1835525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Health reforms. Down to the core. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1991; 84:8-10. [PMID: 1956631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Something in the air. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1991; 84:22-3. [PMID: 1956629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Stresses and strains. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1990; 83:2. [PMID: 2314749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Association & Union: 1 big happy family? THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:10-4. [PMID: 2601915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Troubled times. What's happening to our public health service? THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:14-5. [PMID: 2797595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Health devalued. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:2. [PMID: 2797599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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A slow recovery. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:24-5. [PMID: 2671839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Where are all the patients going? And who's looking after them? THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:8-10. [PMID: 2755638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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A race nearly lost. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:23-4. [PMID: 2666890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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A tale of two hemispheres. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1989; 82:26-7. [PMID: 2733921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Enrolled nurses: a clouded future. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1988; 81:23-4. [PMID: 3217059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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A bedtime tragedy. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1988; 81:2. [PMID: 3419701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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A sense of security. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1988; 81:16-8. [PMID: 3405543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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What future for cervical screening? THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1988; 81:18-20. [PMID: 3380476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Asking about our service. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1987; 80:16-7. [PMID: 3696579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Child health--a 'dismal' record. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1987; 80:21-2. [PMID: 3696608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hepatitis B: are you at risk? THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1987; 80:22-3. [PMID: 2960920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nursing AIDS patients. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1987; 80:14-5. [PMID: 3475635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Views on the journal. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1987; 80:16. [PMID: 3470684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Blueprint for a better nursing system. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:9-14. [PMID: 3468446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Working day and night. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:10. [PMID: 3467237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Nursing in the marketplace. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:25-6. [PMID: 3466101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Staying out of psych? THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:17-9. [PMID: 3462579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Stubbing out the habit--en masse. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:15. [PMID: 3462573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mentors and mentees. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:20-2. [PMID: 3462575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Nursing in China. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:9. [PMID: 3459110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Nursing education: the new wave. THE NEW ZEALAND NURSING JOURNAL. KAI TIAKI 1986; 79:12-4. [PMID: 3458093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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