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Miranda NTGP, de Souza RL, Monteiro JC, Costa IB, Siravenha LQ, da Luz ALB, de Almeida NCC, Oliveira-Filho AB, Laurentino RV, Machado LFA. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in female sex workers from four cities in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3730-3737. [PMID: 33368401 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) represent a high vulnerability group for the acquisition of sexual and parenteral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of serological markers and risk factors associated with exposure to HBV and HCV among FSWs in the state of Pará, Brazil. A cross-sectional study using principles of the time location sampling (TLS) method was conducted in four cities (Belém, Bragança, Barcarena, and Augusto Corrêa) of the state of Pará, from 2005 to 2006. In total, 365 FSWs were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and tested for serological markers of exposure to HBV and HCV using an enzyme immunoassay. The overall prevalence of exposure to HBV and HCV was 36.7% and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of surface antigen of HBV was 3.0%. The prevalence of anti-HBc and anti-HBc+ anti-HBs antibodies were 6.3% and 27.4%. Very few (4.7%) FSWs had vaccine immunity against HBV (anti-HBs antibodies only). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 7.7%. Low monthly income, drug usage, and unprotected sex were some of the social characteristics associated with exposure to the viruses using different analysis. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections among FSWs in four cities of the state of Pará is high when compared to the general population of Brazil, but similar to those found in FSWs in other nondeveloped countries. The prevalence of HBV was higher in Belém, while the prevalence of HCV was higher in the other three cities, highlighting the importance of establishing control and prevention programs to reduce the risk of acquiring these viruses in Pará.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelba T G P Miranda
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline C Monteiro
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iran B Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Q Siravenha
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson L B da Luz
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Núbia C C de Almeida
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Aldemir B Oliveira-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rogério V Laurentino
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiz F A Machado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Fonseca RRS, Carvalho CA, Rodrigues TMS, Cavaleiro RMS, Menezes SAF, Machado LFA. Severe Necrotizing Periodontitis in an HIV-Infected Patient: Case Report and Non-Surgical Treatment. Clin Adv Periodontics 2020; 11:59-63. [PMID: 32277739 DOI: 10.1002/cap.10105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Necrotizing periodontitis (NP) is an atypical and painful form of periodontal disease, it is described by a promptly progress of ulceration and destruction of periodontal tissues; the NP is commonly linked to HIV-positive patients. The aim of this report is to present a rare case of severe necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis treated non-surgically. CASE PRESENTATION A 28-year-old dark skin female patient was referred to a dentistry college with the main complaint of spontaneous gingival bleeding and enlargement, oral pain during deglutition and dental hypersensitivity. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed generalized severe periodontal destruction, extensive bleeding, increased biofilm presence and spontaneous suppuration. Medical exams were requested, red and white blood cells were evaluated and among those exams an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV-1 antibodies, the result reveled reagent to HIV-1. The diagnosis of NP was assigned based on periodontal parameters such as necrosis and ulceration of the coronal portion of interdental papillae and gingival margin. Treatment established was scaling and root planning plus antibiotics. At 3 months of treatment the clinical and periodontal condition were stable. CONCLUSION This case report highlights a severe and generalized form of NP, where periodontal non-surgical associated with antimicrobials resulted in elimination of the gingival enlargement, necrosis and ulceration of the coronal portion of interdental papillae and significant improvement of periodontal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R S Fonseca
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Carvalho
- Department of Periodontology, University Center of State of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Tânia M S Rodrigues
- Department of Periodontology, University Center of State of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rosely M S Cavaleiro
- Department of Special Needs Care, University Center of State of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Silvio A F Menezes
- Department of Periodontology, University Center of State of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz F A Machado
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Ishak R, Machado LFA, Cayres-Vallinoto I, Guimarães Ishak MDO, Vallinoto ACR. Infectious Agents As Markers of Human Migration toward the Amazon Region of Brazil. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1663. [PMID: 28912770 PMCID: PMC5583215 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents are common companions of humans and since ancient times they follow human migration on their search for a better place to live. The study of paleomicrobiology was significantly improved in its accuracy of measurement with the constant development of better methods to detect and analyze nucleic acids. Human tissues are constantly used to trace ancient infections and the association of anthropological evidences are important to confirm the microbiological information. Infectious agents which establish human persistent infections are particularly useful to trace human migrations. In the present article, the evidence of infection by viral agents such as human T-lymphotropic virus 1, human T-lymphotropic virus 2, human herpes virus-8, JC virus, and a bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, was described using different methodologies for their detection. Their presence was further used as biomarkers associated with anthropological and other relevant information to trace human migration into the Amazon region of Brazil. The approach also evidenced their microbiological origin, emergence, evolution, and spreading. The information obtained confirms much of the archeological information available tracing ancient and more recent human migration into this particular geographical region. In this article, the paleomicrobiological information on the subject was summarized and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ishak
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of ParaBelem, Brazil
| | - Luiz F A Machado
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of ParaBelem, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio C R Vallinoto
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of ParaBelem, Brazil
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Queiroz MAF, Gomes STM, Almeida NCC, Souza MIM, Costa SRCF, Hermes RB, Lima SS, Zaninotto MM, Fossa MAA, Maneschy MA, Martins-Feitosa RN, Azevedo VN, Machado LFA, Ishak MOG, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Mannose-binding lectin 2 (Mbl2) gene polymorphisms are related to protein plasma levels, but not to heart disease and infection by Chlamydia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5519. [PMID: 27982280 PMCID: PMC5188863 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 1 of the mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene was evaluated in a sample of 159 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (71 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery and 300 control subjects) to investigate a possible association between polymorphisms and heart disease with Chlamydia infection. The identification of the alleles B and D was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and of the allele C was accomplished through PCR assays followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme. The comparative analysis of allelic and genotypic frequencies between the three groups did not reveal any significant difference, even when related to previous Chlamydia infection. Variations in the MBL plasma levels were influenced by the presence of polymorphisms, being significantly higher in the group of cardiac patients, but without representing a risk for the disease. The results showed that despite MBL2 gene polymorphisms being associated with the protein plasma levels, the polymorphisms were not enough to predict the development of heart disease, regardless of infection with both species of Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A F Queiroz
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - S T M Gomes
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - N C C Almeida
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M I M Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - S R C F Costa
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - R B Hermes
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - S S Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M M Zaninotto
- Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M A A Fossa
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M A Maneschy
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - R N Martins-Feitosa
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - V N Azevedo
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - L F A Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - M O G Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - R Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A C R Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Vallinoto ACR, Santana BB, dos Santos EL, do Espírito Santo RR, Hermes RB, Medeiros Sousa RC, Cayres Vallinoto IMV, Machado LFA, Ishak MOG, Ishak R. A FAS -670A/G single nucleotide polymorphism may be associated with HTLV-1 infection and clinical evolution to TSP/HAM. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3112778 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s1-a63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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6
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Pires EP, Bernardino-Vallinoto CV, Alves DM, Migone SRC, Machado LFA, Ishak MOG, Ishak R, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Vallinoto ACR. Prevalence of infection by JC and BK polyomaviruses in kidney transplant recipients and patients with chronic renal disease. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:633-7. [PMID: 21414116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence of infection by JC and BK polyomaviruses (JCV and BKV) in patients with chronic renal disease (CRD), kidney transplant recipients, and a control group of asymptomatic subjects. We tested a total of 295 urine samples. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction assay was used to amplify a fragment of 173 bp of the polyomavirus T antigen, followed by analysis using the BamHI restriction endonuclease. Infection by polyomavirus was detected in 17.6% (52/295 subjects) of the subjects. Whereas 30.5% (18/59) of transplant recipients were infected, the frequency was only 22.4% (30/134) in the control subjects, and 3.9% (4/102) in the CRD group (all JCV). The vast majority of infections (88.9%; 16/18) in transplant recipients were of the BKV type, whereas this type was absent in CRD patients, and made up only 10.0% (3/30) of infections in the control group. The risk of BKV infection was 72 times greater in renal transplant patients than in asymptomatic subjects. The low frequency of infection found in CRD patients may have been related to elevated levels of urea excreted in the urine, together with reduced urine volume and cell content. These factors may combine to reduce viral load or inhibit amplification. The results of the study indicate a need for the routine screening for polyomavirus in pre- and post-transplant patients, as well as organ donors, considering that BKV infection has been associated with graft rejection in kidney transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Pires
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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7
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Vallinoto ACR, Muto NA, Alves AEM, Machado LFA, Azevedo VN, Souza LLB, Ishak MOG, Ishak R. Characterization of polymorphisms in the mannose-binding lectin gene promoter among human immunodeficiency virus 1 infected subjects. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:645-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - NA Muto
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | - AEM Alves
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | | | | | - LLB Souza
- Unidade de Referência Especializada em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Especiais, Brasil
| | - MOG Ishak
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | - R Ishak
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
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8
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Alves AEM, Hermes RB, Tamegão-Lopes B, Machado LFA, Azevedo VN, Ishak MOG, Ishak R, Lemos JAR, Vallinoto ACR. Polymorphism in the promoter region of the mannose-binding lectin gene among human T-cell lymphotropic virus infected subjects. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:991-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007000800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- AEM Alves
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | - RB Hermes
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | - B Tamegão-Lopes
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Pará, Brasil
| | | | | | - MOG Ishak
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | - R Ishak
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
| | - JAR Lemos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil
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9
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Machado LFA, Vallinoto ACR, Souza MIM, Azevedo VN, Ishak MOG, Ishak R. Serological and molecular typing of HIV type 1 infection in the Tiriyo tribe, a native Indian community of the Amazon region of Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006; 22:1267-70. [PMID: 17209770 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2006.22.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The seroprevalence and the occurrence of an HIV-1 subtype was assessed in blood samples of the Tiriyo tribe. Antibody was found in 0.6% and the molecular analysis of the pro region detected the emergence of a subtype B for the first time in a native Indian tribe of the Amazon region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F A Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Vallinoto ACR, Pontes GS, Muto NA, Lopes IGL, Machado LFA, Azevedo VN, Carvalhaes FAPL, Santos SEB, Guerreiro JF, Ishak MOG, Ishak R. Identification of human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection in a semi-isolated Afro-Brazilian quilombo located in the Marajó Island (Pará, Brazil). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:103-5. [PMID: 16699718 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) were tested in 259 inhabitants (98 males and 161 females) of four villages of the Marajó Island (Pará, Brazil) using enzyme immunoassays (ELISA and Western blot). Types and subtypes of HTLV were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the pX, env and 5 LTR regions. HTLV-1 infection was detected in Santana do Arari (2.06%) and Ponta de Pedras (1%). HTLV-2 was detected only in Santana do Arari (1.06%). Sequencing of the 5 LTR region of HTLV-1 and the phylogenetic analysis identified the virus as a member of the Cosmopolitan Group, subgroup Transcontinental. Santana do Arari is an Afro-Brazilian community and the current results represent the first report of HTLV-1 infection in a mocambo located in the Brazilian Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C R Vallinoto
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Laurentino RV, Lopes IGL, Azevedo VN, Machado LFA, Moreira MRC, Lobato L, Ishak MOG, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Molecular characterization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus coinfecting human immunodeficiency virus 1 infected patients in the Amazon region of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100:371-6. [PMID: 16113884 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work evaluated the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus 1/human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HIV-1/HTLV) coinfection in patients living in Belém (state of Pará) and Macapá (state of Amapá), two cities located in the Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 169 blood samples were collected. The sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the presence of antibodies anti-HTLV-1/2. Confirmation of infection and discrimination of HTLV types and subtypes was performed using a nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the pX and 5' LTR regions, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing analysis. The presence of anti-HTLV1/2 was detected in six patients from Belém. The amplification of the pX region followed by RFLP analysis, demonstrated the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among two and four patients, respectively. Sequencing HTLV-1 5' LTR indicated that the virus is a member of the Cosmopolitan Group, Transcontinental subgroup. HTLV-2 strains isolated revealed a molecular profile of subtype HTLV-2c. These results are a reflex of the epidemiological features of HIV-1/HTLV-1/2 coinfection in the North region of Brazil, which is distinct from other Brazilian regions, as reported by previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Laurentino
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil
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12
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Pontes GS, Tamegão-Lopes B, Machado LFA, Azevedo VN, Ishak MOG, Ishak R, Lemos JAR, Vallinoto ACR. Characterization of Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene Polymorphism Among Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2–Infected Asymptomatic Subjects. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:892-6. [PMID: 16216673 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the association between mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection in a group of 83 HTLV-infected asymptomatic subjects (62 HTLV-1 and 21 HTLV-2) and 99 healthy controls. Detection of MBL*A, MBL*B, and MBL*C was performed by amplifying a fragment of 349 bp (exon 1) and submitting the product to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with BanI and MboII endonucleases. Allele MBL*D was investigated by sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of MBL*A, MBL*B, and MBL*D was 63%, 22%, and 15% among seropositive subjects and 70%, 14%, and 16% among healthy controls, respectively. Genotype differences were statistically significant (chi2 = 11.57; p = 0.04); the presence of genotype BB was 9.6% among HTLV-infected patients compared with 1% among controls (chi2 = 7.151; p = 0.019). A significant difference of the genotype frequencies between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections was observed, but this result could be attributed to the number of investigated HTLV-1-infected subjects. The odds ratio to the presence of BB genotype was 10.453 (1.279 < or = IC95% < or = 85.40; p = 0.019). Results reveal a strong association between MBL polymorphism and HTLV infection. Presence of genotype BB may be associated with the susceptibility to HTLV, but further studies, with a larger number of individuals, will be necessary. MBL polymorphism could possibly have an impact on diseases associated with HTLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Pontes
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Guamá, Belém
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