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Yuan Y, Duan W, Yang N, Sun C, Nie Q, Li J, Lian L. Transcriptome analysis of long non-coding RNA associated with embryonic muscle development in chickens. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38738875 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2335935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
1. Skeletal muscle is an important component of chicken carcass. In chickens, the number of muscle fibres is fixed during the embryonic period, and muscle development during the embryonic period determines the muscle development potential after hatching.2. Beijing-You (BY) and Cornish (CN) chickens show completely different growth rates and body types, and two breeds were used in this study to explore the role of lncRNAs in muscle development during different chicken embryonic periods. A systematic analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs were conducted in the pectoral muscle tissues of BY and CN chickens at embryonic days 11 (ED11), 13 (ED13), 15 (ED15), 17 (ED17), and 1-day-old (D1) using RNA-seq. A total of 4,104 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified among the five stages, including 2,359 lncRNAs and 1,745 mRNAs.3. The number of DETs between the two breeds at ED17 (1,658 lncRNAs and 1,016 mRNAs) was much higher than the total number of DET at all the other stages (692 lncRNAs and 729 mRNAs), indicating that the two breeds show the largest difference in gene regulation at ED17.4. Correlation analysis was performed for all differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs during the five periods. Forty-three, cis interaction pairs of lncRNA-mRNA related to chicken muscle development were predicted. The expression of four pairs was verified, and the results showed MSTRG.12395.2-FGFBP2 and MSTRG.18590.6-FMOD were significantly up-regulated in CN at ED11 compared to BY and might be important candidate genes for embryonic muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - W Duan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - N Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - C Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Lian
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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2
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Lian L, Yin S, Xiao J, Peng JS. [Play the "combo fist" in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2024; 27:196-204. [PMID: 38413089 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20231215-00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of gastric cancer ranks fifth among malignant tumors worldwide, with the fourth highest mortality rate. A noteworthy characteristic of our country is the high prevalence of advanced-stage patients of approximately 40%. Advanced-stage gastric cancer carries an unfavorable prognosis with median survival of around one year. Diagnosis methods for advanced-stage gastric cancer (such as laparoscopic exploration, molecular profiling, and artificial intelligence) are still being continuously improved, while chemotherapy remains the primary treatment. With the rapid development of medical science, the role of surgical intervention in advanced-stage gastric cancer is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, as gastric tumor surgeons, we should consider how to use a combination of treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and interventional therapy, based on different pathological stages and the heterogeneity of tumors. With a multidisciplinary approach involving experts from various fields, we can collectively improve the survival rate and quality of life for advanced-stage patients. This article provides a brief overview of the current advances in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced-stage gastric cancer, and discusses therapeutic decision primarily from the perspective of surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lian
- Department of Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - S Yin
- Department of Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - J Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - J S Peng
- Department of Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510799, China
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3
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He MJ, Ji LD, Lian L, Ma ZF, Luo YT, Lai JL, Wang KJ. [Epidemiological trend of early-onset gastric cancer and late-onset gastric cancer in China from 2000 to 2019]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1198-1202. [PMID: 37661609 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230302-00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In order to understand the changing trends of gastric cancer incidence and mortality in early-onset and late-onset in China from 2000 to 2019. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease research data was collected, and Excel and R 4.2.1 softwares were used to examine the incidence rate, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of Chinese people from 2000 to 2019, with a focus on gender, age, and year. Results: In 2019, the crude incidence rates were 7.06/100 000 (95%UI: 6.63/100 000-7.59/100 000) and 114.52/100 000 (95%UI: 108.79/100 000-121.63/100 000) for early- and late-onset gastric cancer, respectively. The crude mortality rate for early-onset gastric cancer was 3.29/100 000 (95%UI: 3.11/100 000- 3.50/100 000), while the crude mortality rate for late-onset gastric cancer was 81.88/100 000 (95%UI: 78.15/100 000-86.04/100 000). Additionally, the crude DALY rates for these two types of gastric cancer were 156.48/100 000 (95%UI: 148.82/100 000-165.84/100 000) and 1 750.13/100 000 (95%UI: 1 661.21/100 000-1 852.99/100 000). The standardized incidence of early-onset gastric cancer decreased from 5.49/100 000 in 2000 to 4.76/100 000 in 2019, and that of late-onset gastric cancer decreased from 143.45/100 000 in 2000 to 123.02/100 000 in 2019.The standardized mortality rate of early-onset gastric cancer decreased from 4.16/100 000 in 2000 to 2.18/100 000 in 2019, and that of late-onset gastric cancer decreased from 140.82/100 000 in 2000 to 91.49/100 000 in 2019. The standardized DALY rate for early-onset gastric cancer in 2019 was 105.87/100 000 (95%UI: 87.98/100 000 -125.60/100 000), lower than 198.84/100 000 (95%UI: 179.47/100 000- 219.83/100 000) in 2000. The standardized DALY rate for late onset gastric cancer in 2019 was 1 821.11/100 000 (95%UI: 1 509.42/100 000-2 158.53/100 000), lower than 2 932.52/100 000 (95%UI: 2 665.92/100 000-3 252.60/100 000) in 2000. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of early-onset gastric cancer in China showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2019. The standardized mortality rate of late onset gastric cancer showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Notably, the incidence, mortality, and DALY of late-onset gastric cancer were significantly higher than those of early-onset gastric cancer during this period. Additionally, male incidence, mortality, and crude DALY rates were higher than female.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J He
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - L D Ji
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - L Lian
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Z F Ma
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Y T Luo
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J L Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - K J Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province/State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Wang HS, Hu XS, Lin YJ, Chen YH, Lian L, Peng JS. [Modified mattress inversion suturing with double barbed sutures used for totally laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy overlap anastomosis after radical total gastrectomy]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 25:812-818. [PMID: 36117373 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20220301-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the advantages and safety of a modified mattress inversion suturing using double barbed sutures compared with the traditional overlap method in totally laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy overlap anastomosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients were aged 18 - 80 years old; (2) adenocarcinoma was preoperatively confirmed by pathological analysis; (3) patients had undergone a complete laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy; (4) patients had undergone esophagojejunostomy using the overlap method; (5) patients received a grade of I-III on the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; (6) patients' complete follow-up data had been collected. Patients with a history of other malignant tumors, multi-origin tumors, emergency surgery, non-R0 radical resection or distant metastasis were excluded. The clinical data of 89 gastric cancer patients who underwent total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected. These patients were grouped according to the esophagojejunostomy method used. Of 89 patients, 32 received modified mattress inversion suturing with double barbed sutures to close the common opening of esophagojejunostomy (the modified anastomosis group), while 57 received traditional overlap anastomosis in which the common opening was closed by barbed suture (the traditional anastomosis group). The operation conditions (incision length, conversion to laparotomy, duration of esophagojejunostomy) and postoperative recovery (time to commencement of a liquid diet, duration of postoperative hospital stay, anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, and anastomotic bleeding) were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline data of the two groups for any parameter (all P>0.05). All patients received complete laparoscopic radical gastrectomy without conversion to laparotomy. There were no significant differences in the length of the median incision, the proportion of food intake on the first day after surgery, or in the incidence of anastomotic complications such as anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, and anastomotic bleeding between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the traditional anastomosis group, patients in the modified anastomosis group had shorter anastomosis time [26 (19-62) minutes vs. 36 (20-50) minutes, Z=-2.546, P=0.011] and postoperative hospital stay [7 (6-12) days vs. 9 (7-42) days, Z=-4.202, P<0.001]. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In a subgroup analysis of tumor TNM stage III, Siewert type II and neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients, there was no significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic complications between the modified group and the traditional group. However, the postoperative hospital stay duration in the modified anastomosis group was less than in the traditional anastomosis group. The duration of anastomosis in Siewert type II patients was also shorter in the modified anastomosis group than in the traditional anastomosis group [26 (19-62) minutes vs. 38 (21-50) minutes, Z=-2.105, P=0.035], and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Complete laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy using modified mattress inversion suturing with double barbed sutures is a safe and feasible anastomosis method to close the common opening of esophagojejunostomy, with shorter operation time, faster postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stay than the traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - X S Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Y J Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - L Lian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - J S Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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Erst A, Nikulin A, Nikulin V, Ebel A, Zibzeev E, Sharples M, Baasanmunkh S, Choi HJAE, Olonova M, Pyak A, Gureyeva I, Erst T, Kechaykin A, Luferov A, Maltseva SYU, Nobis M, Lian L, Wang W. Distribution analysis, updated checklist, and DNA barcodes of the endemic vascular flora of the Altai mountains, a Siberian biodiversity hotspot. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2049391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of the Herbarium, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A.YU. Nikulin
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V.YU. Nikulin
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - A.L. Ebel
- Laboratory of the Herbarium, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Research Organization Department, Tuvan State University, 36 Lenin St., Kyzyl, 667000, Republic of Tuva, Russia
| | - E.V. Zibzeev
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M.T. Sharples
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, Colorado, USA
| | - S. Baasanmunkh
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea
| | - Hyeok JAE Choi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea
| | - M.V. Olonova
- Laboratory of the Herbarium, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A.I. Pyak
- Laboratory of the Herbarium, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Research Organization Department, Tuvan State University, 36 Lenin St., Kyzyl, 667000, Republic of Tuva, Russia
| | - I.I. Gureyeva
- Laboratory of the Herbarium, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T.V. Erst
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A. Kechaykin
- South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, pr. Lenina, 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia
| | - A. Luferov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State, Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8 Izmailovsky Ave, Moscow, 105043, Russia
| | - S. YU. Maltseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Nobis
- Department of Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Palaeobotany, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - L. Lian
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - W. Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Beijing, 100093, China
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Liu TZ, Liu H, Ye Z, Li S, Zhai X, Cao T, Ke J, Lian L, Xiao J. 830MO Integrated driver mutations profile of Chinese NK/T cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Martinez M, Kim S, St Jean N, O'Brien S, Lian L, Sun J, Verona RI, Moon E. Addition of anti-TIM3 or anti-TIGIT Antibodies to anti-PD1 Blockade Augments Human T cell Adoptive Cell Transfer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1873607. [PMID: 33537176 PMCID: PMC7833767 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1873607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PD1 blockade to reinvigorate T cells has become part of standard of care for patients with NSCLC across disease stages. However, the majority of patients still do not respond. One potential mechanism of resistance is increased expression of other checkpoint inhibitory molecules on T cells leading to their suppression; however, this phenomenon has not been well studied in tumor-reactive, human T cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this compensatory mechanism in a novel model using human effector T cells infiltrating and reactive against human lung cancer. Immunodeficient mice with flank tumors established from a human lung cancer cell line expressing the NYESO1 antigen were treated with activated human T cells expressing a TCR reactive to NYESO1 (Ly95) with or without anti-PD1 alone and with combinations of anti-PD1 plus anti-TIM3 or anti-TIGIT. A month later, the effect on tumor growth and the phenotype and ex vivo function of the TILs were analyzed. Anti-PD1 and Ly95 T cells led to greater tumor control than Ly95 T cells alone; however, tumors continued to grow. The ex-vivo function of PD1-blocked Ly95 TILs was suppressed and was associated with increased T cell expression of TIM3/TIGIT. Administering combinatorial blockade of PD1+ TIM3 or PD1+ TIGIT with Ly95 T cells led to greater tumor control than blocking PD1 alone. In our model, PD1 blockade was suboptimally therapeutic alone. The effect of TIM3 and TIGIT was upregulated on T cells in response to PD1 blockade and anti-tumor activity could be enhanced when these inhibitory receptors were also blocked with antibodies in combination with anti-PD1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Naomi St Jean
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lurong Lian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Edmund Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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Maisel K, Merrilees MJ, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Lian L, Obraztsova K, Rue R, Vasserman AN, Zuo N, Angel LF, Gow AJ, Kang I, Wight TN, Eruslanov E, Swartz MA, Krymskaya VP. Immune Checkpoint Ligand PD-L1 Is Upregulated in Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:723-732. [PMID: 30095976 PMCID: PMC6293078 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0123oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a slow-progressing metastatic disease that is driven by mutations in the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2 (TSC1/2). Rapamycin inhibits LAM cell proliferation and is the only approved treatment, but it cannot cause the regression of existing lesions and can only stabilize the disease. However, in other cancers, immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade against PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 have shown promise in causing tumor regression and even curing some patients. Thus, we asked whether PD-L1 has a role in LAM progression. In vitro, PD-L1 expression in murine Tsc2-null cells is unaffected by mTOR inhibition with torin but can be upregulated by IFN-γ. Using immunohistochemistry and single-cell flow cytometry, we found increased PD-L1 expression both in human lung tissue from patients with LAM and in Tsc2-null lesions in a murine model of LAM. In this model, PD-L1 is highly expressed in the lung by antigen-presenting and stromal cells, and activated T cells expressing PD-1 infiltrate the affected lung. In vivo treatment with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly prolongs mouse survival in the model of LAM. Together, these data demonstrate that PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression may occur in LAM, and suggest new opportunities for therapeutic targeting that may provide benefits beyond those of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maisel
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mervyn J. Merrilees
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lurong Lian
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
| | - Kseniya Obraztsova
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
| | - Ryan Rue
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
| | | | - Ning Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Luis F. Angel
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew J. Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; and
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vera P. Krymskaya
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, and
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Himes BE, Obraztsova K, Lian L, Shumyatcher M, Rue R, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Hur SK, Bartolomei MS, Evans JF, Krymskaya VP. Rapamycin-independent IGF2 expression in Tsc2-null mouse embryo fibroblasts and human lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197105. [PMID: 29758070 PMCID: PMC5951544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, almost exclusively female lung disease linked to inactivating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a tumor suppressor gene that controls cell metabolic state and growth via regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling. mTORC1 is frequently activated in human cancers and, although the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin has a cytostatic effect, it is, in general, unable to elicit a robust curative effect or tumor regression. Using RNA-Seq, we identified (1) Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF2) as one of the genes with the highest fold-change difference between human TSC2-null and TSC2-expressing angiomyolipoma cells from a patient with LAM, and (2) the mouse IGF2 homolog Igf2, as a top-ranking gene according to fold change between Tsc2-/- and Tsc2+/+ mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). We extended transcript-level findings to protein level, observing increased Igf2 protein expression and Igf2 secretion by Tsc2-/- MEFs. Increased Igf2 expression was not due to epigenetic imprinting, but was partially mediated through the Stat3 pathway and was completely insensitive to rapamycin treatment. An siRNA-mediated decrease of Igf2 resulted in decreased Stat3 phosphorylation, suggesting presence of an autocrine Igf2/Stat3 amplification cycle in Tsc2-/- MEFs. In human pulmonary LAM lesions and metastatic cell clusters, high levels of IGF2 were associated with mTORC1 activation. In addition, treatment of three primary IGF2-expressing LAM lung cell lines with rapamycin did not result in IGF2 level changes. Thus, targeting of IGF2 signaling may be of therapeutic value to LAM patients, particularly those who are unresponsive to rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kseniya Obraztsova
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lurong Lian
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan Rue
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stella K. Hur
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marisa S. Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jilly F. Evans
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vera P. Krymskaya
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao L, Thorsheim CL, Suzuki A, Stalker TJ, Min SH, Lian L, Fairn GD, Cockcroft S, Durham A, Krishnaswamy S, Abrams CS. Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein-α in platelets is inconsequential for thrombosis yet is utilized for tumor metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1216. [PMID: 29084966 PMCID: PMC5662573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are increasingly recognized for their contributions to tumor metastasis. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide signaling modulated by phosphatidylinositol transfer protein type α (PITPα), a protein which shuttles phosphatidylinositol between organelles, is essential for platelet-mediated tumor metastasis. PITPα-deficient platelets have reduced intracellular pools of phosphoinositides and an 80% reduction in IP3 generation upon platelet activation. Unexpectedly, mice lacking platelet PITPα form thrombi normally at sites of intravascular injuries. However, following intravenous injection of tumor cells, mice lacking PITPα develop fewer lung metastases due to a reduction of fibrin formation surrounding the tumor cells, rendering the metastases susceptible to mucosal immunity. These findings demonstrate that platelet PITPα-mediated phosphoinositide signaling is inconsequential for in vivo hemostasis, yet is critical for in vivo dissemination. Moreover, this demonstrates that signaling pathways within platelets may be segregated into pathways that are essential for thrombosis formation and pathways that are important for non-hemostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chelsea L Thorsheim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aae Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy J Stalker
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sang H Min
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lurong Lian
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Durham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Charles S Abrams
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Ding Z, Wu XR, Remer EM, Lian L, Stocchi L, Li Y, McCullough A, Remzi FH, Shen B. Association between high visceral fat area and postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease following primary surgery. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:163-72. [PMID: 26391914 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the association between visceral fat area (VFA) on CT and postoperative complications after primary surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHOD Inclusion criteria were patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CD who had preoperative abdominal CT scan. The areas of total fat, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were measured using an established image-analysis method at the lumbar 3 (L3) level on CT cross-sectional images. Visceral obesity was defined as a visceral fat area (VFA) of ≥ 130 cm(2) . Clinical variables, intra-operative outcomes and postoperative courses within 30 days were analysed. RESULTS A total of 164 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-three (38.4%) patients had postoperative complications. The mean age of the patients with complications (the study group) was 40.4 ± 15.4 years and of those without complications (the control group) was 35.8 ± 12.9 years (P = 0.049). There were no differences in disease location and behaviour between patients with or without complications (P > 0.05). In multivariable analysis, VFA [odds ratio (OR) = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-6.62; P = 0.032] and corticosteroid use (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.32-6.21; P = 0.008) were found to be associated with postoperative complications. Patients with visceral obesity had a significantly longer operative time (P = 0.012), more blood loss (P = 0.019), longer bowel resection length (P = 0.003), postoperative ileus (P = 0.039) and a greater number of complications overall (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION High VFA was found to be associated with an increased risk for 30-day postoperative complications in patients with CD undergoing primary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ding
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - X-R Wu
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - E M Remer
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Lian
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Stocchi
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Y Li
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A McCullough
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - F H Remzi
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B Shen
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Abdominal Imaging, and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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12
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Zhu F, Jie H, Lian L, Qu LJ, Hou ZC, Zheng JX, Chen SY, Yang N, Liu YP. Avian sarcoma and leukosis virus gag gene in the Anser anser domesticus genome. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:14379-86. [PMID: 26600497 DOI: 10.4238/2015.november.18.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses are regarded as ideal genetic markers for evolutionary analyses. Birds were some of the initial vertebrates found to contain endogenous retroviruses. However, few studies have investigated the presence and distribution of endogenous retroviruses in goose. In this study, we detected the avian sarcoma and leukosis virus gag gene in the genomic DNA of 8 Chinese native breeds using polymerase chain reaction method. The results indicated that a 1.2-kb avian sarcoma and leukosis virus gag sequence was integrated into all 8 goose breeds. The mean genetic pairwise distance was 0.918% among the investigated geese. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the presence of the endogenous retroviruses in the domestic goose genome. The genetic structure should be further examined in the domestic goose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - H Jie
- Laboratory of Medicinal Animal, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, China
| | - L Lian
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L J Qu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Z C Hou
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J X Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S Y Chen
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y P Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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13
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Min SH, Suzuki A, Stalker TJ, Zhao L, Wang Y, McKennan C, Riese MJ, Guzman JF, Zhang S, Lian L, Joshi R, Meng R, Seeholzer SH, Choi JK, Koretzky G, Marks MS, Abrams CS. Loss of PIKfyve in platelets causes a lysosomal disease leading to inflammation and thrombosis in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4691. [PMID: 25178411 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PIKfyve is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] and for the regulation of endolysosomal membrane dynamics in mammals. PtdIns(3,5)P2 deficiency causes neurodegeneration in mice and humans, but the role of PtdIns(3,5)P2 in non-neural tissues is poorly understood. Here we show that platelet-specific ablation of PIKfyve in mice leads to accelerated arterial thrombosis, and, unexpectedly, also to inappropriate inflammatory responses characterized by macrophage accumulation in multiple tissues. These multiorgan defects are attenuated by platelet depletion in vivo, confirming that they reflect a platelet-specific process. PIKfyve ablation in platelets induces defective maturation and excessive storage of lysosomal enzymes that are released upon platelet activation. Impairing lysosome secretion from PIKfyve-null platelets in vivo markedly attenuates the multiorgan defects, suggesting that platelet lysosome secretion contributes to pathogenesis. Our findings identify PIKfyve as an essential regulator for platelet lysosome homeostasis, and demonstrate the contributions of platelet lysosomes to inflammation, arterial thrombosis and macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang H Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aae Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Timothy J Stalker
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chris McKennan
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Riese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jessica F Guzman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Suhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lurong Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rohan Joshi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ronghua Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven H Seeholzer
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John K Choi
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Gary Koretzky
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Charles S Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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14
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Lin HC, Luo HX, Zbar AP, Xie SK, Lian L, Ren DL, Wang JP. The tissue selecting technique (TST) versus the Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsing hemorrhoids: a retrospective case–control study. Tech Coloproctol 2014; 18:739-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10151-014-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Jiao W, Wan K, Song W, Yin Q, Lian L, Li Q, Tian J, Huang H, Dong H, Dong F, Zhao X, Han R, Liu Z, Shen AD. Spoligotype and drug resistance characteristics of M. tuberculosis isolates from children in China. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Lian L, Suzuki A, Hayes V, Saha S, Han X, Xu T, Yates JR, Poncz M, Kashina A, Abrams CS. Loss of ATE1-mediated arginylation leads to impaired platelet myosin phosphorylation, clot retraction, and in vivo thrombosis formation. Haematologica 2013; 99:554-60. [PMID: 24293517 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.093047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginylation by arginyl-transfer RNA protein transferase (ATE1) is emerging as a regulator protein function that is reminiscent of phosphorylation. For example, arginylation of β-actin has been found to regulate lamellipodial formation at the leading edge in fibroblasts. This finding suggests that similar functions of β-actin in other cell types may also require arginylation. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that ATE1 regulates the cytoskeletal dynamics essential for in vivo platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. To test this hypothesis, we generated conditional knockout mice specifically lacking ATE1 in their platelets and in their megakaryocytes and analyzed the role of arginylation during platelet activation. Surprisingly, rather than finding an impairment of the actin cytoskeleton structure and its rearrangement during platelet activation, we observed that the platelet-specific ATE1 knockout led to enhanced clot retraction and in vivo thrombus formation. This effect might be regulated by myosin II contractility since it was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain on Ser19, which is an event that activates myosin in vivo. Furthermore, ATE1 and myosin co-immunoprecipitate from platelet lysates. This finding suggests that these proteins directly interact within platelets. These results provide the first evidence that arginylation is involved in phosphorylation-dependent protein regulation, and that arginylation affects myosin function in platelets during clot retraction.
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17
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Suzuki A, Shin JW, Wang Y, Min SH, Poncz M, Choi JK, Discher DE, Carpenter CL, Lian L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Abrams CS. RhoA is essential for maintaining normal megakaryocyte ploidy and platelet generation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69315. [PMID: 23935982 PMCID: PMC3720647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA plays a multifaceted role in platelet biology. During platelet development, RhoA has been proposed to regulate endomitosis, proplatelet formation, and platelet release, in addition to having a role in platelet activation. These processes were previously studied using pharmacological inhibitors in vitro, which have potential drawbacks, such as non-specific inhibition or incomplete disruption of the intended target proteins. Therefore, we developed a conditional knockout mouse model utilizing the CRE-LOX strategy to ablate RhoA, specifically in megakaryocytes and in platelets to determine its role in platelet development. We demonstrated that deleting RhoA in megakaryocytes in vivo resulted in significant macrothrombocytopenia. RhoA-null megakaryocytes were larger, had higher mean ploidy, and exhibited stiff membranes with micropipette aspiration. However, in contrast to the results observed in experiments relying upon pharmacologic inhibitors, we did not observe any defects in proplatelet formation in megakaryocytes lacking RhoA. Infused RhoA-null megakaryocytes rapidly released platelets, but platelet levels rapidly plummeted within several hours. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that changes in membrane rheology caused infused RhoA-null megakaryocytes to prematurely release aberrant platelets that were unstable. These platelets were cleared quickly from circulation, which led to the macrothrombocytopenia. These observations demonstrate that RhoA is critical for maintaining normal megakaryocyte development and the production of normal platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aae Suzuki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Pharmacology Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sang H. Min
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Morty Poncz
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John K. Choi
- Hematopathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Pharmacology Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chris L. Carpenter
- Clinical Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lurong Lian
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yangfeng Wang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Abrams
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Jie H, Lian L, Qu LJ, Zheng JX, Hou ZC, Xu GY, Song JZ, Yang N. Differential expression of Toll-like receptor genes in lymphoid tissues between Marek's disease virus-infected and noninfected chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:645-54. [PMID: 23436515 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are trans-membrane sensors recognizing invading microbes. Toll-like receptors play a central role in initiating immune responses against several pathogens. In this study, we investigated the response of TLR and downstream genes to Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection. Forty 1-d-old chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 20 chicks infected with MDV and 20 chicks mock-infected. Four chickens were euthanized respectively from infected and age-matched noninfected groups at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d postinfection (dpi). Bursas, spleens, and thymuses were removed. The differential expression of TLR genes, including TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR15, and TLR21, and downstream genes of TLR7, including MyD88, TRAF3, TRAF6, IFNA, IFNB, and IL6, in lymphoid tissues of MDV-infected and noninfected chickens was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that the change of TLR genes was different in 3 lymphoid tissues. Expression of TLR7 and MyD88 was upregulated at 14 dpi and downregulated at 28 dpi in MDV-infected compared with noninfected spleens. The TRAF6 and IFNB were upregulated, and TRAF3, IFNA, and IL6 genes showed increasing trends in MDV-infected compared with noninfected spleens at 14 dpi. The expression of TLR3 and TLR15 genes was downregulated in MDV-infected compared with noninfected spleens at 28 dpi. The results indicated that TLR7 and its downstream genes were a response to MDV infection at 14 dpi. However, the function of TLR was impaired when the infection entered the tumor transformation phase. In bursas, TLR3 and TLR15 genes were upregulated at 7 and 4 dpi, respectively. It indicated that TLR3 and TLR15 might be involved in response to MDV infection in bursa at early phases. However, no differential expression of TLR genes was observed between MDV-infected and noninfected thymuses, which indicated that the thymus had little response to MDV infection mediated by TLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jie
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Suzuki A, Lian L, Min SH, Wang Z, Litvinov RI, Stalker TJ, Yago T, Klopocki AG, Schmidtke DW, Yin H, Choi JK, McEver RP, Weisel JW, Hartwig JH, Abrams CS. Platelets lacking PIP5KIγ have normal integrin activation but impaired cytoskeletal-membrane integrity and adhesion. Blood 2013; 121:2743-52. [PMID: 23372168 PMCID: PMC3617636 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-445205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three isoforms of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KIα, PIP5KIβ, and PIP5KIγ) can each catalyze the final step in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which in turn can be either converted to second messengers or bind directly to and thereby regulate proteins such as talin. A widely quoted model speculates that only p90, a longer splice form of platelet-specific PIP5KIγ, but not the shorter p87 PIP5KIγ, regulates the ligand-binding activity of integrins via talin. However, when we used mice genetically engineered to lack only p90 PIP5KIγ, we found that p90 PIP5KIγ is not critical for integrin activation or platelet adhesion on collagen. However, p90 PIP5KIγ-null platelets do have impaired anchoring of their integrins to the underlying cytoskeleton. Platelets lacking both the p90 and p87 PIP5KIγ isoforms had normal integrin activation and actin dynamics, but impaired anchoring of their integrins to the cytoskeleton. Most importantly, they formed weak shear-resistant adhesions ex vivo and unstable vascular occlusions in vivo. Together, our studies demonstrate that, although PIP5KIγ is essential for normal platelet function, individual isoforms of PIP5KIγ fulfill unique roles for the integrin-dependent integrity of the membrane cytoskeleton and for the stabilization of platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Lian L, Qu LJ, Sun HY, Chen YM, Lamont SJ, Liu CJ, Yang N. Gene expression analysis of host spleen responses to Marek's disease virus infection at late tumor transformation phase. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2130-8. [PMID: 22912446 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease is a viral neoplastic disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). Gene expression patterns have been investigated at different MDV infection stages, but there is limited research about the late tumor transformation phase. In this experiment, 44K Agilent chicken genome-wide expression microarrays were used to profile differential expression in tumorous spleens (TS) from severely morbid chickens and apparently normal spleens from survivors (SS) after MDV infection and expression in noninfected spleens (NS) from controls. There were 4,317 differentially expressed (DE) genes in TS versus NS. However, no DE genes were detected in SS versus NS, suggesting that maintenance of, or return to, homeostasis of gene activity in survivor spleens. Downregulated genes in tumorous spleens mainly enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, and commonly investigated genes in Marek's disease study, IL6, IL18, IFNA, and IFNG were nondifferentially expressed, which indicates host inflammatory response was impaired. The IL10 and TNFRSF8 genes were upregulated in tumorous spleens. We speculated that IL10 might be exploited by MDV to escape from host immune surveillance, as reported for Epstein-Barr virus, which stimulated T cells secreting IL10 to subvert immune response. Previous study reported that transcription from TNFRSF8 promoter could be enhanced by MDV oncogene Meq. In this study, the increased expression of TNFRSF8 indicated interaction between MDV and TNFRSF8, which might facilitate pathogenesis and tumor transformation. The expression of many members in IGF system was changed in tumorous compared with noninfected spleens. The downregulation of IGFBP7 was considered to be associated with MD lymphoma transformation. Gene expression change of multiple regulatory pathways indicated their involvements in facilitating tumor transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lian
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Li DF, Liu WB, Liu JF, Yi GQ, Lian L, Qu LJ, Li JY, Xu GY, Yang N. Whole-genome scan for signatures of recent selection reveals loci associated with important traits in White Leghorn chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1804-12. [PMID: 22802171 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken is considered to be an excellent model for genetic studies of phenotypic and genomic evolution, with large effective population size, specialized commercial lines, and strong human-driven selection. High-density chicken SNP chips can help to achieve a better understanding of the selection mechanisms in artificially selected populations. We performed the genome-wide tests for the selection signature in 385 White Leghorn hens and mapped positively selected regions to the genome annotations. Ten QTL related to egg production, egg quality, growth, and disease resistance traits were selected for extended haplotype homozygosity tests to give a brief overview of recent selection signatures in chicken QTL. We also reported 185 candidate genes/CDSs showing top P-values and slower decay of haplotype homozygosities. Some of these genes seemed to have significant effects on important economical traits, and most of them have not been reported in chickens. The current study provides a genome-wide map of linkage disequilibrium extents and distributions and selection footprints in the chicken genome. A panel of genes, including PRL, NCKX1, NRF1, LHX2, and SFRP1 associated with egg production, metabolism traits, and response to illumination were identified. In addition, there were more genes identified that have not yet been reported in chickens, and our results provide new clues for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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22
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Zhang W, Qu L, Xu G, Lian L, Zheng J, Yang N. Hypomethylation upregulates the expression of CD30 in lymphoma induced by Marek's disease virus. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1610-8. [PMID: 22700506 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is widely known to be involved in embryo development, aging, tumorigenesis, and many complex diseases. Both hypermethylation of CpG islands at the gene promoters and global hypomethylation are involved in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. However, only a small portion of hypomethylation occurs at gene promoters and leads to the overexpression of certain oncogenes. To determine whether DNA methylation plays a role in tumorigenesis of Marek's disease, we selected one putative oncogene and 8 tumor suppressor genes from the gene expression profile for the analysis of DNA methylation variation. Four normal spleen tissues and 4 Marek's disease virus-infected tumor spleen tissues were collected, and the methylation level of the promoter region of each gene was analyzed using MassARRAY. As a result, the promoter region of CD30 was hypomethylated and displayed a significantly higher expression in Marek's disease virus-infected tumor spleen tissues compared with normal ones (P < 0.05). In neoplastic cells, CD30 was known to promote the survival and proliferation of T-cell lymphomas. This result suggests that activation of CD30 is possibly associated with the tumorigenesis of Marek's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li DF, Lian L, Qu LJ, Chen YM, Liu WB, Chen SR, Zheng JX, Xu GY, Yang N. A genome-wide SNP scan reveals two loci associated with the chicken resistance to Marek's disease. Anim Genet 2012; 44:217-22. [PMID: 22812605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is a neoplastic disease in chickens, caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV). To investigate host genetic resistance to MD, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 67 MDV-infected chickens based on a case and control design, including 57 susceptible chickens in the case group and 10 resistant chickens as controls. After searching 38 655 valid genomic markers, two SNPs were found to be associated with host resistance to MD. One SNP, rs14527240, reaching chromosome-wide significance level (P < 0.01) was located in the SPARC-related modular calcium-binding 1 (SMOC1) gene on GGA5. The other one, GGaluGA156129, reaching genome-wide significance (P < 0.05), was located in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3) gene on GGA2. In addition, expression patterns of these two genes in spleens were detected by qPCR. The expression of SMOC1 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of PTNP3 did not show significance when the case group was compared with the control group. Up-regulation of SMOC1 in susceptible spleens suggests its important roles in MD tumorigenesis. This is the first study to investigate MD-resistant loci, and it demonstrates the power of GWASs for mapping genes associated with MD resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ke J, Wu X, Wu X, He X, Lian L, Zou Y, He X, Wang H, Luo Y, Wang L, Lan P. A subpopulation of CD24⁺ cells in colon cancer cell lines possess stem cell characteristics. Neoplasma 2012; 59:282-8. [PMID: 22329848 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2012_036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to contribute to the resistance and relapse in a range of cancer types such as breast cancer and glioma. However, colon cancer stem cells remain poorly characterized. Here we reported that CD24+ subpopulation in colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 exhibited cancer stem cell-like characteristics. Using flow cytometry candidate CSCs markers were selected after initial screening of known CSCs markers from other types of cancer on colon cancer cell lines HCT116, SW480 and HT29. CD24 was expressed in the minority of bulk cell population of HCT116 and SW480 cell lines. Moreover, functional tests demonstrated that CD24+ cells exhibited enhanced chemotherapy-resistance, self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity both in vitro and in vivo, compared to CD24- subpopulations. These results suggest that CD24+ subpopulation in colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 exhibits CSCs like characteristics, and represents a nice model to study and develop effective strategies to overcome chemo-resistance and relapse of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ke
- Colorectal Surgery Department, 6th Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
AIM There is controversy over whether constipation as the only symptom should be an indication for routine diagnostic colonoscopy. The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of abnormal pathology on colonoscopy and to assess the risk factors for colonic neoplasia in patients with constipation but without 'high risk symptoms'. METHOD A cross-sectional, single-centre study was conducted on individuals who underwent colonoscopy for constipation as the sole indication between 2005 and 2008. Standardized endoscopic and pathology reports were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 786 patients (595 women, 75.7%; mean age, 57.4±13.5 years) underwent diagnostic colonoscopy for constipation. Forty-three (5.5%) had polyps, of whom 19 (2.4%) had hyperplastic polyps and 19 (2.4%) adenomas. No cancers were found. In patients with adenoma, the detection rate was 2.9% for patients below age 40 years and 1.7% for patients below age 50 years. Older age was associated with a polyp in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Gender, ethnicity and smoking were not associated with polyp or adenoma. CONCLUSION Colonoscopy for patients with constipation as the sole indication had a lower yield of neoplastic lesions than that for patients undergoing routine screening colonoscopy. Colonoscopy in constipation may only be warranted in patients who are over 50 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Obusez
- Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Lian L, Qu L, Zheng J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu G, Yang N. Expression profiles of genes within a subregion of chicken major histocompatibility complex B in spleen after Marek’s disease virus infection. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2123-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Liang T, Ji H, Lian L, Wu T, Gu W, Wang W. A rapid assay for simultaneous detection of Spiroplasma eriocheiris and white spot syndrome virus in Procambarus clarkii by multiplex PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:532-8. [PMID: 20831654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To establish a multiplex PCR method for simultaneous and rapid detection of Spiroplasma eriocheiris and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Procambarus clarkii with recommendations for application to other crustacea. METHODS AND RESULTS Three primer sets were mixed at a ratio of 1:3:1 to amplify specific fragments of the S. eriocheiris, WSSV, P. clarkii crayfish (control organism) genomes, respectively. S. eriocheiris and WSSV were used to challenge the susceptible crustacea in the experimental groups. Total DNA of the samples was purified and detected by multiplex PCR. The PCR-amplified products produced four groups of results as follows. One fragment of 1195 bp, amplified by the primer set ITS-crayfish/28S-crayfish, served as an internal control, showed no pathogen detection, thus confirming the specificity of our positive tests. Two groups represented by: (i) samples challenged by S. eriocheiris alone, or (ii) challenged by WSSV alone, yielded two fragments each; i.e. those from S. eriocheiris (271 bp) plus the internal control and those from WSSV (530 bp) plus the internal control. Finally, for the fourth group, in cases of double challenged treatments, all three amplified products were detected simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous and rapid detection of two pathogens in P. clarkii is important to maintain productive and healthy crayfish in aquaculture. The direct detection of S. eriocheiris and WSSV from P. clarkii is practicable with multiplex PCR. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that the two pathogens are simultaneously and rapidly detected in P. clarkii by multiplex PCR, thus increasing the efficiency of pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Xiao H, Xu J, Zhou X, Stankovich J, Pan F, Zhang Z, Xu S, Lian L, Ding C. Associations between the genetic polymorphisms of MTHFR and outcomes of methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28:728-733. [PMID: 20863444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133C/T, rs1801131A/C, rs2274976A/G, rs2066462C/T genetic polymorphisms are associated with clinical response and adverse effects (AEs) of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in Chinese Han patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS One hundred and ten RA patients defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 revised criteria were involved in this study. All patients were treated with low-dose MTX (10-15 mg/week) without concomitant uses of other DMARDs. Clinical response (using ACR20 criteria) and AEs were evaluated at 0, 4, 12, 16 and 24 weeks. The genotypes of MTHFR rs1801133C/T, rs1801131A/C, rs2274976A/G and rs2066462C/T were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS The allele frequency of rs1801131C in the clinical response group was higher than in the non-response group (21.0% vs. 8.1%, p<0.05), and the patients with CC or AC genotype had greater clinical response than those with AA genotype. The allele frequencies of rs1801133T and rs2274976A were higher in the group with AEs than that without AEs (56.4% vs. 37.5% and 14.9% vs. 4.2%, respectively, both p<0.05). The patients with CT or TT genotype in rs1801133 had higher risks of AEs than those with CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS While rs1801131A/C genetic polymorphism is associated with the clinical response, rs1801133C/T and rs2274976A/G genetic polymorphisms are associated with MTX-related AEs in the treatment of RA. This suggests individualisation is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes in MTX therapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lian
- Pouchitis Clinic, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Shen B, Patel S, Lian L. Natural history of Crohn's disease in patients who underwent intentional restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:745-53. [PMID: 20047579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease is generally considered a relative contraindication for restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anastomosis (IPAA). The natural history of IPAA in these patients has not well been defined. AIM To evaluate the natural history of IPAA in patients with a well-defined preoperative Crohn's disease. METHODS All patients from the Pouchitis Clinic who had a preoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease were screened and 11 patients met the inclusion criteria. The control group (with a 1:4 ratio) consisted of IPAA patients with a preoperative diagnosis of UC. RESULTS During the follow-up period of 5.0 years, 7 of 11 (63.6%) with a preoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease developed Crohn's disease of the pouch. Crohn's disease of the pouch developed 0.2-15 years after ileostomy closure. The remaining four patients with a preoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease did not demonstrate signs of Crohn's disease in 2, 11, 11 and 24 years after pouch surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Post-operative development of Crohn's disease of the pouch was common in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease who underwent IPAA. Long-term medical therapy was often required. Large multi-centre studies are warranted to delineate further the natural history of the disease, before Crohn's disease is considered an indication for IPAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shen
- Digestive Disease Institute, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Kariv R, Plesec TP, Gaffney K, Lian L, Fazio VW, Remzi FH, Lopez R, Goldblum JR, Shen B. Pyloric gland metaplasia and pouchitis in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomoses. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:862-73. [PMID: 20121720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and management of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis and Crohn's disease of the pouch can be challenging. Pyloric gland metaplasia is a histological feature indicative of chronic mucosal inflammation. Its value in diagnosis and prognosis of pouch disorders has not been investigated. AIM To assess the prevalence, diagnostic and prognostic value, and risk factors of pyloric gland metaplasia in pouch patients. METHODS Patients were identified from our prospectively maintained Pouchitis Database. Pouch biopsy specimens were re-reviewed for pyloric gland metaplasia and other histological features. Two cohorts of patients were studied: a historical cohort (n = 111) and the second, a validation cohort (n = 100). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess risk factors for pyloric gland metaplasia. RESULTS The prevalence of pyloric gland metaplasia in the historical cohort and validation cohort was 45 (40.1%) and 24 (24.0%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of pyloric gland metaplasia for the diagnosis of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis or Crohn's disease were 70.7% and 92.5%, respectively, for the first cohort and 39.0% and 86.4%, respectively, for the 2nd validation cohort. In multivariate analysis of the first cohort, patients with refractory pouchitis or Crohn's disease were 28 times (95% CI, 7.3-107.1) more likely to have pyloric gland metaplasia than those with a normal pouch or irritable pouch syndrome. The factor of refractory pouchitis or Crohn's disease remained in the model for the 2nd validation cohort with odds ratio of 4.58 (95% CI, 1.6-13.4). CONCLUSIONS Pyloric gland metaplasia is associated with diagnosis of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis or Crohn's disease of the pouch and appears to be a specific marker for both disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Institute, the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Lian L, Fazio V, Shen B. Endoscopic treatment for pill bezoars after continent ileostomy. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:e26-8. [PMID: 18619932 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty intubation is the most common long-term complication after continent ileostomy, which can be associated with nipple valve slippage, parastomal hernia, stenosis. Diagnosis and management of a patient with nipple valve stricture and partial bowel obstruction associated with dietary supplement retention in the pouch reservoir is described. A 50-year-old female patient with ulcerative colitis and a 15-year history of continent ileostomy after total proctocolectomy reported 5-week symptoms of abdominal pain and difficulty in intubating the pouch. Pill bezoar composed of dietary supplement was found in diagnostic pouch endoscopy. Therapeutic pouch endoscopy was performed with balloon dilation of a nipple valve stenosis and retrieval of 224 dietary supplement tablets. Pill bezoar in the pouch is rare. However, patients with continent ileostomy should be advised to avoid taking hard-to-dissolve foods and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lian
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Wang Y, Litvinov RI, Chen X, Bach TL, Lian L, Petrich BG, Monkley SJ, Kanaho Y, Critchley DR, Sasaki T, Birnbaum MJ, Weisel JW, Hartwig J, Abrams CS. Loss of PIP5KIγ, unlike other PIP5KI isoforms, impairs the integrity of the membrane cytoskeleton in murine megakaryocytes. J Clin Invest 2008. [DOI: 10.1172/jci34239c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bezman NA, Lian L, Abrams CS, Brass LF, Kahn ML, Jordan MS, Koretzky GA. Requirements of SLP76 tyrosines in ITAM and integrin receptor signaling and in platelet function in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:1775-88. [PMID: 18663126 PMCID: PMC2525600 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain–containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kD (SLP76), an adaptor that plays a critical role in platelet activation in vitro, contains three N-terminal tyrosine residues that are essential for its function. We demonstrate that mice containing complementary tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations in Y145 (Y145F) and Y112 and Y128 (Y112/128F) differentially regulate integrin and collagen receptor signaling. We show that mutation of Y145 leads to severe impairment of glycoprotein VI (GPVI)–mediated responses while preserving outside-in integrin signaling. Platelets from Y112/128F mice, although having mild defects in GPVI signaling, exhibit defective actin reorganization after GPVI or αIIbβ3 engagement. The in vivo consequences of these signaling defects correlate with the mild protection from thrombosis seen in Y112/128F mice and the near complete protection observed in Y145F mice. Using genetic complementation, we further demonstrate that all three phosphorylatable tyrosines are required within the same SLP76 molecule to support platelet activation by GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Bezman
- Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lian L, Kiran R, Lavery I. Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on functional outcomes for patients with uT3 rectal cancer undergoing restorative resection. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Litvinov RI, Chen X, Bach TL, Lian L, Petrich BG, Monkley SJ, Kanaho Y, Critchley DR, Sasaki T, Birnbaum MJ, Weisel JW, Hartwig J, Abrams CS. Loss of PIP5KIgamma, unlike other PIP5KI isoforms, impairs the integrity of the membrane cytoskeleton in murine megakaryocytes. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:812-9. [PMID: 18188447 DOI: 10.1172/jci34239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is an abundant phospholipid that contributes to second messenger formation and has also been shown to contribute to the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics in all eukaryotic cells. Although the alpha, beta, and gamma isoforms of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinase I (PIP5KI) all synthesize PIP2, mammalian cells usually contain more than one PIP5KI isoform. This raises the question of whether different isoforms of PIP5KI fulfill different functions. Given the speculated role of PIP(2) in platelet and megakaryocyte actin dynamics, we analyzed murine megakaryocytes lacking individual PIP5KI isoforms. PIP5KIgamma(-/-) megakaryocytes exhibited plasma membrane blebbing accompanied by a decreased association of the membrane with the cytoskeleton. This membrane defect was rescued by adding back wild-type PIP5KIgamma, but not by adding a catalytically inactive mutant or a splice variant lacking the talin-binding motif. Notably, both PIP5KIbeta- and PIP5KIgamma(-/-) cells had impaired PIP(2) synthesis. However, PIP5KIbeta-null cells lacked the membrane-cytoskeleton defect. Furthermore, overexpressing PIP5KIbeta in PIP5KIgamma(-/-) cells failed to revert this defect. Megakaryocytes lacking the PIP5KIgamma-binding partner, talin1, mimicked the membrane-cytoskeleton defect phenotype seen in PIP5KIgamma(-/-) cells. These findings demonstrate a unique role for PIP5KIgamma in the anchoring of the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton in megakaryocytes, probably through a pathway involving talin. These observations further demonstrate that individual PIP5KI isoforms fulfill distinct functions within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Wang Y, Lian L, Golden JA, Morrisey EE, Abrams CS. PIP5KI gamma is required for cardiovascular and neuronal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11748-53. [PMID: 17609388 PMCID: PMC1913884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700019104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells contain the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) that serves multiple roles in signal transduction cascades. Type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI) catalyzes the synthesis of PIP2 by phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate. Although the classical isoforms of PIP5KI (designated as alpha, beta, and gamma) all generate the same phospholipid product, they have significantly dissimilar primary structures and expression levels in different tissues, and they appear to localize within different compartments within the cell. Therefore, it appears likely that PIP5KI isoforms have overlapping, but not identical, functions. Here we show that targeted disruption of PIP5KIgamma causes widespread developmental and cellular defects. PIP5KIgamma-null embryos have myocardial developmental defects associated with impaired intracellular junctions that lead to heart failure and extensive prenatal lethality at embryonic day 11.5 of development. Loss of PIP5KIgamma also results in neural tube closure defects that were associated with impaired PIP2 production, adhesion junction formation, and neuronal cell migration. These data, along with those of other PIP5KI isoforms, indicate that individual PIP5KI isoenzymes fulfill specific roles in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles S. Abrams
- Departments of *Medicine and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Yoo JG, Demers SP, Lian L, Smith LC. 101 DEVELOPMENTAL ARREST AND CYTOSKELETAL ANOMALIES OF RAT EMBRYOS RECONSTRUCTED BY SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv19n1ab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors influence success rates in animal cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), including cell cycle stage of the donor cells and recipient oocyte, the procedure of micromanipulation, and the activation protocol. It has been reported that the development of rat embryos is inhibited at the 2-cell stage during in vitro culture and that microtubule (MT) distribution is involved in the developmental arrest. This study was conducted to determine the effects of oocyte activation methods and the cell cycle coordination for cloning rats from fetal fibroblasts (FF). Recipient oocytes were activated with cycloheximide, 6-dimethylaminopurine, and roscovitine and used either before (metaphase-II, MII) or after (telophase-II, TII) activation for fusion with FF at the G0/G1-phase, metaphase, and S/G2-phase. Moreover, enucleated zygotic and parthenogenetic ooplasts were used for serial cloning with pronuclear and 2-cell-stage blastomeres derived from SCNT. There was no significant difference in the first cleavage rate in the 3 activation groups after SCNT. Metaphase donor cells (85.2%) had a significantly higher cleavage rate than G0/G1-phase FF with MII oocytes (70.4%) and G2-phase FF with TII oocytes (72.2%). However, reconstructed embryos were unable to develop beyond the 2-cell stage either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, serial cloning with zygotic and parthenogenetic recipients was also unable to overcome the developmental arrest at the 2-cell-stage. To assess the cytoskeleton after SCNT, reconstructed 2-cell-stage embryos were harvested at different times after cleavage for immunostaining (anti alpha-tubulin) and mRNA abundance (beta-actin and alpha-tubulin). Reconstructed 2-cell embryos showed much thicker fibrous or disconnected MT distribution concomitant with a reduction in cytoskeletal transcripts at the late 2-cell stage. In summary, our results indicate that the developmental arrest of rat SCNT embryos was a result of abnormal MT distribution caused by improper transcription of cytoskeleton genes; however, further studies are needed to understand the early developmental block of rat SCNT-derived embryos.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the transverse relaxation rate (1/T2) and magnetic susceptibility of the heart in conditions of iron overload by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to correlate these with the tissue iron concentration in a gerbil model. MATERIALS AND METHODS With prior approval by the institutional animal care and use committee, iron overload was induced with one to 15 weekly subcutaneous injections of iron dextran. Nine gerbils had one to five injections, 10 had six to 10, and eight had 13-15. T2 of the whole heart was measured ex vivo (n=27), and the magnetic susceptibility of the tissue was estimated through measurement of the tissue lysate (n=25). The iron level was measured (in milligrams of iron per gram of wet tissue) with chemical analysis after MR imaging. While 1/T2 and magnetic susceptibility are not equivalent measures of the chemically determined tissue iron level, correlations were expected and were identified by using linear regression models. RESULTS Iron concentration range was 0.28-1.95 mg/g wet tissue. Iron concentration was strongly correlated with 1/T2 (r=0.92, P <.001, and the root of the mean squares error of the linear prediction, epsilonRMS, was 0.17 mg Fe/g wet tissue with a repetition time of 700 msec). Iron concentration also was strongly correlated with magnetic susceptibility (r=0.90, P <.001, epsilonRMS=0.19 mg Fe/g wet tissue). Multiple regression analysis with combined 1/T2 (with repetition time of 700 msec) and magnetic susceptibility data led to a slight increase in r and decrease in epsilon(RMS) (r=0.93, P <.001, epsilonRMS=0.16 mg Fe/g wet tissue). CONCLUSION The results of this animal model study demonstrate that 1/T2 and magnetic susceptibility values can be used for estimation of the iron level in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue J Wang
- Department of Radiology, Divisions of Hematology and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Stimulation of platelet G protein-coupled receptors results in the cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(2)) into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol by phospholipase C (PLCbeta). It also results in the phosphorylation of PIP2 by the gamma isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kgamma) to synthesize phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. To understand the role of PIP2 in platelet signaling, we evaluated knock-out mice lacking 2 isoforms of PLCbeta (PLCbeta2 and PLCbeta3) or lacking the G(betagamma)-activated isoform of PI3K (PI3Kgamma). Both knock-out mice were unable to form stable thrombi in a carotid injury model. To provide a functional explanation, knock-out platelets were studied ex vivo. PLCbeta2/beta3-/- platelets failed to assemble filamentous actin, had defects in both secretion and mobilization of intracellular calcium, and were unable to form stable aggregates following low doses of agonists. Platelets lacking PI3Kgamma disaggregated following low-dose adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and had a mildly impaired ability to mobilize intracellular calcium. Yet, they exhibited essentially normal actin assembly and secretion. Remarkably, both PLCbeta2/beta3-/- and PI3Kgamma-/- platelets spread more slowly upon fibrinogen. These results suggest substantial redundancy in platelet signaling pathways. Nonetheless, the diminished ability of knock-out platelets to normally spread after adhesion and to form stable thrombi in vivo suggests that both PLCbeta2/beta3 and PI3Kgamma play vital roles in platelet cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurong Lian
- Department of Medicine of University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Biomedical Research Bldg II/III, Rm 912, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Zhang C, Li X, Lian L, Chen Q, Abdulmalik O, Vassilev V, Lai CS, Asakura T. Anti-sickling effect of MX-1520, a prodrug of vanillin: anin vivostudy using rodents. Br J Haematol 2004; 125:788-95. [PMID: 15180869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin, a food additive, covalently binds with sickle haemoglobin (Hb S), inhibits cell sickling and shifts the oxygen equilibrium curve towards the left. These effects would potentially benefit patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, vanillin has no therapeutic effect if given orally because orally administered vanillin is rapidly decomposed in the upper digestive tract. To overcome this problem, a vanillin prodrug, MX-1520, which is biotransformed to vanillin in vivo, was synthesized. Studies using transgenic sickle mice, which nearly exclusively develop pulmonary sequestration upon exposure to hypoxia, showed that oral administration of MX-1520 prior to hypoxia exposure significantly reduced the percentage of sickled cells in the blood. The survival time under severe hypoxic conditions was prolonged from 6.6 +/- 0.8 min in untreated animals to 28.8 +/- 12 min (P < 0.05) and 31 +/- 7.5 min (P < 0.05) for doses of 137.5 and 275 mg/kg respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of MX-1520 to bypass possible degradation in the digestive tract showed that doses as low as 7 mg/kg prolonged the survival time and reduced the percentage of sickled cells during hypoxia exposure. These results demonstrate the potential for MX-1520 to be a new and safe anti-sickling agent for patients with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhang
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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43
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Abstract
X-linked, or Bruton's, agammaglobulinemia (XLA) was described in 1952 as the congenital inability to form antibodies. Patients were typically infants or young children with recurrent, severe bacterial infections. Other, milder cases of hypogammaglobulinemia were considered "acquired," and often presented later in life. Since the discovery of the defective gene in XLA in 1993, it has been shown that a significant number of male patients with sporadic or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia actually have XLA. We present here a case of atypical XLA and discuss similar cases in the literature. We conclude that any male with hypogammaglobulinemia, regardless of age of presentation, might have XLA. Males with low B-cell numbers are particularly likely to have XLA and should have Bruton's tyrosine kinase levels assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Stewart
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1374, Bethesda, MD 20892-1374, USA.
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44
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Zhang G, Lü X, An X, Lian L, Kawamura T. [The hygienic examination and quality research of Chinese crude drug scorpion]. Zhong Yao Cai 2001; 24:788-91. [PMID: 15575160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We selected the method of hygienic test to determinate the infection of colibacilli, salmonelli, mixed bacteria, mould fungus and yeasts on Chinese crude drug scorpion from 29 commerical samples in different storaged period, habitats and commerical standard. The results showed there were not colibacilli and salmonelli in all 29 samples, but infectious mixed bacteria rate is 100%, which is 2.1 times more than salty scorpion in 29 tested samples, and the infectious fungi rate is 72.4%. The fungi of salty scorpion is 15% more than fresh scorpion. The quantity of infected yeasts on salty scorpion is much more than scorpion. There are 4 species of fungi such as Alternaria neesex Wallroth, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, Nocarcia sp. and Tricophyton violaceum Sabouraud. Because of infectious pathogenic bacteria rate is so high, we suggest to increase the item of hygienic test to control the quality of crude drug scorpion and strengthen the administration of commerical drugs, so as to reduce the contaminative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029
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45
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Gong C, Lian L. [Bao Jian Yao She and Wei Sheng He Zuo She, two medical cooperative institutions at the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region in pre-liberation period] (Chi). Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2001; 17:168-72. [PMID: 11612414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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46
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Pan L, Huang H, Lian L. [Surgical procedure of gynecologic malignances in patients over 70 years]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2001; 36:614-7. [PMID: 16134526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the viability of performing surgical procedure on gynecologic malignances patients over 70 years old. METHODS A retrospective study of all patients 70 years of age and older treated by surgical procedure for gynecologic malignances was performed between September 1, 1983, and June 30, 1999. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were older than 70 years of age at the time of the diagnosis. Mean age of the patients was 73.5 years. In thirty-four patients a extensive surgical procedure was carried out, while in twenty-three patients a conservative surgery was done. Seventy-one percent of patients had one or more preexisting medical illnesses. Minor surgical morbidity occurred in 31.6% of the patients, while major surgical morbidity occurred in 10.5% of the patients. There were no differences in the type of surgical procedure, mean hospital stay, preexisting medical illness and postoperative complication between patients 70 to 75 and over age 75. The total major postoperative complications occurred in extensive surgical procedure group and postoperative mean stay was also significantly length. CONCLUSIONS The extensive surgical procedure is a safe treatment for elderly patients with gynecologic malignances. Careful preoperative assessment, monitoring, and meticulous postoperative care are vital to the success.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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47
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Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of germinal vesicle (GV) transfer in rabbits and mice. The GV oocytes were collected from ovaries and cultured in 20 microg/mL 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin (IBMX) in TCM199 medium, which caused oocytes to shrink, enlarging the perivitelline space to facilitate the GV removal and transfer. Pairs of GV-cytoplast complexes were fused with electric pulses, and the fused, reconstructed oocytes were cultured in TCM199 for 24 h. Results are as follows: 1) The exposure time of rabbit GV oocytes to IBMX medium affected the success of GV removal. For oocytes cultured for 2 and 3 h in IBMX medium, removed rates were 56% and 44, respectively, significantly higher (P < 0.05) than removal rates of GV oocytes cultured for 1 and 4 h (27% and 27%, respectively); 2) There was no significant difference (P > 0.1) in fusion and maturation rates of rabbit reconstructed oocytes collected at 72 and 84 h after initiation of FSH injection to donors; 3) eCG in the maturation media improved development of rabbit-to-rabbit GV transferred oocytes but had no positive effect on mouse-to-rabbit GV transferred oocytes; 4) When mouse GV-karyoplasts were injected into enucleated rabbit oocytes, fusion rates of GV-karyoplasts measuring 40- to 50-microm and 80- to 90-microm in diameters obtained were 84% and 93%, respectively. The rates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than fusion rates after transferring GV-karyoplasts measuring 30- to 35-microm in diameter (63%). The maturation rate (89%) of reconstructed oocytes composed of 80- to 90-microm mouse GV-karyoplasts and rabbit GV-enucleated cytoplasts was higher than that seen for oocytes composed of 40- to 50-microm (77%, P<0.05) or 30- to 35-microm (59%, P<0.01) mouse karyoplasts. Thirty-five of the 63 (56%) mature mouse-to-rabbit reconstructed oocytes had the normal complement of 20 chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
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48
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile of hydroxyurea (HU) was investigated by measuring the rate of drug disappearance from the plasma in wild-type and transgenic (Tg) sickle cell mice. The absorption and elimination processes of HU exhibited first-order kinetics after intraperitoneal administration of HU at 10, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight (BW). The dosage had a marked effect on the pharmacokinetics of HU in the Tg sickle cell mice. Although the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) increased in direct proportion with the HU dose in the wild-type mice, the AUC increased to a much greater extent at higher doses in the Tg sickle cell mice. In the Tg sickle cell mice, there was a considerable increase in the mean residence time (MRT) and a significant reduction in the apparent clearance (CL/F) at HU dose > or =100 mg/kg BW, when compared to the lower doses. At an HU dose of 200 mg/kg BW, the CL/F in the Tg sickle cell mice was reduced by about 50% of the value obtained at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW. This phenomenon was not noticeable in the wild-type mice. The MRT value in the wild-type mice at all doses was relatively constant. The steady-state distribution volume of HU in both the wild-type and Tg sickle cell mice was relatively constant at all doses of the drug. The AUC, CL/F, MRT, and terminal half-life values at any given HU dose showed significant differences between the wild-type and Tg sickle cell mice. Following intraperitoneal administration of HU at a dose of 10, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg BW, the mean percentage of HU excreted in the urine of the wild-type and Tg sickle cell mice over 120 min was 84 +/- 6.4% and 50 +/- 8.2%, respectively, indicating a significant difference in the amount of HU excreted in urine in the two kinds of mice. The results obtained in this study may be useful in establishing an optimal dose of HU in the treatment and management of patients with sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Iyamu
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
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49
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Abstract
We have performed a homozygous deletion screen on 268 candidate genes in 90 human tumor cell lines derived from multiple types of cancers. Most of the candidate genes investigated have been proposed to be involved in cellular processes that are germane to cancer progression, such as cell cycle control, genome maintenance, chromatin remodeling, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. We have detected novel homozygous deletions affecting four independent loci: Brahma-related gene (SMARCA4) on chromosome 19p in the TSU-Pr1 prostate and A427 lung carcinoma lines, Map Kinase Kinase 3 (MAP2K3) on 17q in the NCI-H774 lung tumor cell line, TMPRSS2 on 21q in the Bx PC-3 pancreatic carcinoma line, and Cadherin 6 (CDH6) on 5p in the SK-LU-1 lung carcinoma line. Subsequent analyses of the coding sequences of these four genes using cDNAs from a panel of tumor cell lines revealed multiple sequence variants. The results of this mutation study serve to demonstrate the feasibility of performing high-throughput screens of candidate genes in tumor cell lines to identify genes that may be targeted for mutation during the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Teng
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., 420 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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50
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Fan Q, Huang H, Lian L, Lang J. Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of hepatic metastasis of pure immature ovarian teratoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:506-9. [PMID: 11780414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of hepatic metastasis of pure immature ovarian teratoma and explore its proper diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Eighteen cases of hepatic metastasis of pure immature ovarian teratoma were included in this study. The clinical stage, operation, chemotherapy and histopathology of primary and secondary tumors as well as the data from long term follow-ups were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS All of the hepatic metastatic tumors were located on the surface of the liver. 61.1% (11/18) of them were clinical stage III and 44.4% (8/18) were grade 1 at first operation. The hepatic metastatic rate was 16.7% (3/18) in the standard adjuvant chemotherapy group but increased markedly to 31.2% (15/48) in the irregular chemotherapy group. Auxiliary diagnostic methods could not indicate the correct results. The surgical resection rate of hepatic metastasis of pure immature ovarian teratoma was 94.4% (17/18). There were less complications in the group with tumor diameter less than 15 cm. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 205 months with a mean of 20.9 months. The 3-year-survival rate was 77.8% (14/18), and mortality rate was 22.2%. The 5- and 10-year-survival rate was 55.6% (10/18) and 38.9% (7/18), respectively. The rate of loss in follow-up was 22.2% (4/18) and 38.9% (7/18), respectively, and one patient has survived for more than 17 years. CONCLUSIONS The hepatic metastatic rate of pure immature ovarian teratoma could be decreased using standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Suitable surgical treatment could reduce complications and improve the prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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