1
|
Viola I, Toschi P, Manenti I, Accornero P, Baratta M. Modulatory role of mTOR in trophoblast adaptive response in the early stage of placentation in sheep. Reproduction 2023; 165:313-324. [PMID: 36602917 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In brief Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is essential for early placenta development in sheep. This study shows that the mechanistic target of rapamycin is the key modulator of trophoblast adaptive response under FGF2 modulation. Abstract During the early stage of placentation in sheep, normal conceptus development is affected by trophoblast cell functionality, whose dysregulation results in early pregnancy loss. Trophoblast metabolism is supported mainly by histotrophic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which are involved in cell differentiation and function through the modulation of specific cellular mechanisms. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is known as a cellular 'nutrient sensor', but its downstream regulation remains poorly understood. The hypothesis was that during trophoblast development, the FGF2 effect is mediated by mTOR signalling pathway modulation. Primary trophoblast cells from 21-day-old sheep placenta were characterised and subjected to FGF2 and rapamycin treatment to study the effects on cell functionality and gene and protein expression profiles. The model showed mainly mononuclear cells with epithelial cell-like growth and placental morphological properties, expressing typical trophoblast markers. FGF2 promoted cell proliferation and migration under normal culture conditions, whereas mTOR inhibition reversed this effect. When the mTOR signalling pathway was activated, FGF2 failed to influence invasion activity. mTOR inhibition significantly reduced cell motility, but FGF2 supplementation restored motility even when mTOR was inhibited. Interestingly, mTOR inhibition influenced endocrine trophoblast marker regulation. Although FGF2 supplementation did not affect ovine placenta lactogen expression, as observed in the control, interferon-tau was drastically reduced. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying mTOR inhibitory effects on trophoblast cell functionality. In addition, as mTOR is involved in the expression of hormonal trophoblast markers, it may play a crucial role in early placenta growth and fetal-maternal crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - P Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - I Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - P Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ogun S, Viola I, Obertino M, Manenti I, Ala U, Brugiapaglia A, Battaglini L, Perona G, Baratta M. Using sensors to detect individual responses of lambs during transport and pre-slaughter handling and their relationship with meat quality. Anim Welf 2022. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.4.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rapid analysis of animal welfare is a crucial component of the assessment of the meat quality supply chain, ensuring management procedures confer optimum standards of welfare. Further, there is increasing interest in monitoring the welfare state of each individual animal. This study
looked at transport and pre-slaughter management in terms of meat quality evaluated in two breeds (Biellese and Sambucana) across two different farming systems. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies were implemented, including accelerometer and rumination activity ear-tag sensors,
as potential welfare indicators during transportation and pre-slaughter. Significant correlations were found between sensors' parameters, such as total activity and rumination and physical and chemical meat quality characteristics such as drip loss. Lambs with lower rumination and/or lower
total activity were found to have lower drip loss indicating reduced meat quality. Sensors have the potential to help detect those animals particularly sensitive to stressors during transport and pre-slaughter handling and may allow real-time measurement of the impact of transport and handling
in abattoirs, enabling better animal management via specific customised strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ogun
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - I Viola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - M Obertino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - I Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - U Ala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | - L Battaglini
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - G Perona
- ;Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martignani E, Ala U, Sheehy PA, Thomson PC, Baratta M. Whole transcriptome analysis of bovine mammary progenitor cells by P-Cadherin enrichment as a marker in the mammary cell hierarchy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14183. [PMID: 32843665 PMCID: PMC7447765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult bovine mammary stem cells possess the ability to regenerate in vivo clonal outgrowths that mimic functional alveoli. Commonly available techniques that involve immunophenotype-based cell sorting yield cell fractions that are moderately enriched, far from being highly purified. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells segregated in four different populations according to the expression of P-Cadherin and CD49f. Sorted cells from each fraction were tested for the presence of lineage-restricted progenitors and stem cells. Only cells from the CD49fhigh/P-Cadherinneg subpopulation were able to give rise to both luminal- and myoepithelial-restricted colonies in vitro and generate organized outgrowths in vivo, which are hallmarks of stem cell activity. After whole transcriptome analysis, we found gene clusters to be differentially enriched that relate to cell-to-cell communication, metabolic processes, proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. When we analyzed only the genes that were differentially expressed in the stem cell enriched fraction, clusters of downregulated genes were related to proliferation, while among the upregulated expression, cluster of genes related to cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton organization were observed. Our results show that P-Cadherin separates mammary subpopulations differentially in progenitor cells or mammary stem cells. Further we provide a comprehensive observation of the gene expression differences among these cell populations which reinforces the assumption that bovine mammary stem cells are typically quiescent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - U Ala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - P A Sheehy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - P C Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martignani E, Miretti S, Vincenti L, Baratta M. Correlation between estrogen plasma level and miRNAs in muscle of Piedmontese cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 67:37-41. [PMID: 30690256 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A loss-of-function mutation of the myostatin gene has a very high prevalence in the Piedmontese cattle breed. The effect of such mutation is a double-muscle phenotype because of hypertrophy. However, differences in muscle mass development can still be detected in individuals of this breed. Such differences must be generated by other factors controlling skeletal muscle development. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in skeletal muscle development, and some of them are controlled by steroid hormone signaling. Data on estrogen signaling are lacking, whereas more studies have been carried out on the effect of androgens. We aimed at identifying putative estrogen responsive miRNAs that might be involved in skeletal muscle development. At a slaughterhouse, we collected muscle samples from longissimus dorsi and blood samples. Blood 17β-estradiol concentration was assessed, and RNA was extracted from muscle samples. The animals we sampled were divided into groups according to estrogen blood concentration, and through qPCR expression, levels of 7 muscle-related miRNAs were evaluated. We found that miR-26b (P < 0.01), miR-27a-5p (P < 0.05), miR-27b (P < 0.05), and miR-199a-3p (P < 0.01) were differentially expressed among experimental groups. Expression levels of miR-26b were reduced approximately 50% in samples with a low blood estrogen concentrations, and the other miRNAs showed a tendency to increase their expression levels when blood estrogen levels were higher. The variations of the circulating concentrations of estrogen in Piedmontese cattle might influence muscle mass development through miRNAs and thus contribute to individual variability in a breed with a high prevalence of a myostatin point mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - S Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - L Vincenti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santino P, Martignani E, Miretti S, Baratta M, Accornero P. Mechanisms of modulation of the Egr gene family in mammary epithelial cells of different species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:87-96. [PMID: 28118985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the adult female, within the estrous cycle, the mammary gland undergoes multiple rounds of growth, with increased cellular proliferation, and involution, with increased apoptosis. The increase in proliferation is elicited by endocrine (Estrogen, Progesterone), as well as locally produced (epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, etc) growth factors. Among the genes that are modulated during cellular proliferation, immediate early genes play a fundamental role, being rapidly upregulated and then downregulated within the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, allowing the progression to the subsequent phases. Egrs (1-4) are immediate early genes that encode for transcription factors that promote, within different cell types and depending on the strength and duration of the stimuli, several different responses like mitogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis or even anti-apoptosis. In this work we have studied the mechanisms of modulation of the Egr family, in mammary epithelial cells of different origin (bovine, canine, feline, murine). Following stimulation with growth medium, Egr mRNA expression showed a strong upregulation reaching a peak at 45-60min, that rapidly declined. Among several cytokines, particularly important for mammary morphogenesis, that we have tested (EGF, IGF-I, insulin, estrogen, progesterone), only EGF upregulated Egrs to levels close to those elicited by growth medium. In order to understand how the Egr transcription factors were regulated, we have inhibited Erk 1/2 and PI3K, molecules that drive two major intracellular signaling pathways. Inhibition of the Erk 1/2 pathway totally abolished Egr upregulation mediated by growth medium or EGF. On the other hand, the PI3K-Akt pathway played a minor role on Egr levels, with a strong inhibitory effect on cat GH2 cells only, that could be ascribed to reduced Erk phosphorylation following PI3K inhibition. Finally we showed that addition of growth medium also upregulated that the mammary luminal marker cytokeratin 18, but only in the murine NMuMG cell line. This is the first manuscript describing how the Egr transcription factors are expressed in mammary epithelial cells of domestic animals and which growth factors and signaling pathways modulate their expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Santino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - E Martignani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - S Miretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - M Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - P Accornero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fustini M, Galeati G, Gabai G, Mammi L, Bucci D, Baratta M, Accorsi P, Formigoni A. Overstocking dairy cows during the dry period affects dehydroepiandrosterone and cortisol secretion. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:620-628. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Baratta M, Volpe M, Nucera D, Gabai G, Guzzo N, Fustini M, Martignani E. Corrigendum to “Differential expression of living mammary epithelial cell subpopulations in milk during lactation in dairy cows” (J. Dairy Sci. 98:6897–6904). J Dairy Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-98-12-9061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Baratta M, Volpe M, Nucera D, Gabai G, Guzzo N, Faustini M, Martignani E. Differential expression of living mammary epithelial cell subpopulations in milk during lactation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6897-904. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Mammary stem cells provide opportunities for the cyclic remodelling of the bovine mammary gland. Therefore, understanding the character and regulation of mammary stem cells is important for increasing animal health and productivity. The exciting possibility that stem cell expansion can influence milk production is currently being investigated by several researchers. In fact, appropriate regulation of mammary stem cells could hopefully benefit milk yield, persistency of lactation, dry period management and tissue repair. Accordingly, we and others have attempted to characterize and regulate the function of bovine mammary stem cells. However, research on mammary stem cells requires tissue biopsies, which represents a limitation for the management of animal welfare. Interestingly, different studies recently reported the identification of putative mammary stem cells in human breast milk. The possible identification of primitive cell types within cow's milk may provide a non-invasive source of relevant mammary cells for a wide range of applications. In this review, we have summarized the main achievements in this field for dairy cow science and described the interesting perspectives open to manipulate milk persistency during lactation and to cope with oxidative stress during the transition period by regulating mammary stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Martignani
- a Department of Veterinary Science , University of Turin , Grugliasco , TO , Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mattioli M, Gloria A, Turriani M, Berardinelli P, Russo V, Nardinocchi D, Curini V, Baratta M, Martignani E, Barboni B. Osteo-regenerative potential of ovarian granulosa cells: an in vitro and in vivo study. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1425-37. [PMID: 22284224 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cells (GC) express stemness markers and can differentiate into cell types not present within the follicles. Given that follicles at different stages of development populate the ovary, we undertook this research in the pig model to identify the stage of follicle, growing or luteinizing, from which GC with the best regenerative potential can be retrieved. Growing follicles were isolated from prepubertal gilts 50 h after equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) (1,200 IU) administration. Luteinizing follicles were obtained from prepubertal gilts treated with eCG (1,200 IU) followed, 60 h later, by hCG (500 IU). The follicles were isolated 30 h after hCG. The GC isolated from growing (GGC) and from luteinizing (LGC) follicles were expanded in vitro for three passages and exposed to osteogenic medium to trigger differentiation. The GC incorporated in PLGA scaffolds were cultured in osteogenic medium for 2 wks and then implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region of SCID mice to assess their osteogenic potential in vivo. In addition to the typical granulosa cells characteristics (inhibin, progesterone and estrogen production and FSH receptors), GGC and LGC showed a diffused expression of the stemness markers Sox2, Nanog and TERT immediately after isolation. Expansion caused in both cell types a rapid disappearance of granulosa cell characters while it did not modify stemness marker expression. Osteogenic medium induced a marked extracellular matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activation in LGC, clearly detectable after two wks, while the process was much lighter in GGC, where it became evident after 3 wks. Osteocalcin and Runx2 expressions were upregulated and stemness markers downregulated by osteogenic medium. The GC loaded implants, retrieved 8 wks after transplantation, had viable GC surrounding the several nodules of calcifications recorded. Similar effects were induced by GGC and LGC while calcification nodules were not recorded when scaffolds without cells were implanted. These data confirm that GC, expanded in vitro undergo progressive de-differentiation retaining their plasticity and demonstrate that both GGC and LGC have osteogenic potential, luteinizing cells being more efficient. Transplanted in SCID mice, GC participate in new bone formation, thus confirming their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mattioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martignani E, Miretti S, Accornero P, Baratta M. miRNAs Highlights in Stem and Cancer Cells. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11:1165-82. [DOI: 10.2174/138955711797655371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Accornero P, Pavone L, Baratta M. The Scatter Factor Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Associated Target in Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:2699-712. [DOI: 10.2174/092986710791859261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Zheng YJ, Hawk M, Yuan H, Hope HR, Baratta M, Zutshi A. Pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics of prednisolone in cynomolgus monkey. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:862-70. [PMID: 19845437 DOI: 10.3109/00498250903189454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisolone in the non-human primate was an appropriate surrogate for man. After single intravenous doses of 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mg kg(-1), prednisolone demonstrated a dose-dependent clearance and volume of distribution. When corrected for concentration-dependent protein binding, the free clearance was linear at the tested dose levels. The protein binding-corrected volume of distribution was similar across doses. The serum half-life was estimated as being between 2 and 4 h. Prednisolone exhibits near complete inhibition of the cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 with very similar IC50 estimates from 0.09 to 0.16 microg ml(-1) (from 0.24 to 0.44 microM). The monkey demonstrated a similar pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics profile of prednisolone when compared with man (from the literature).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Zheng
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, St. Louis Laboratories, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Accornero P, Martignani E, Miretti S, Starvaggi Cucuzza L, Baratta M. Epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor receptors collaborate to induce multiple biological responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:3667-75. [PMID: 19620648 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) could increase the biological responses of a mammary epithelial cell line of bovine origin when added simultaneously. We also investigated a possible molecular mechanism underlying this cooperation. The development of mammary gland requires several circulating and locally produced hormones. Hepatocyte growth factor and its tyrosine kinase receptor, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), are expressed and temporally regulated during mammary development and differentiation. Epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligands have also been implicated in the growth and morphogenesis of the mammary epithelium. Both EGF and HGF seem to exert a morphogenic program in this tissue; therefore, we hypothesized that these cytokines could act cooperatively in bovine mammary epithelial cells. We have already shown that the bovine BME-UV cell line, a nontumorigenic mammary epithelial line, expresses both MET and EGF receptor. Simultaneous treatment with HGF and EGF elicited an increase in proliferation, dispersion, degradation of extracellular matrix, and motility. Following EGF treatment, BME-UV mammary cells exhibited an increase in MET expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Long-term treatment of BME-UV cells with HGF and EGF together increased the level of activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B signaling pathways when compared with HGF or EGF alone. These data outline a possible cooperative role of the EGF and HGF pathways and indicate that cross-talk between their respective receptors may modulate mammary gland development in the cow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng Y, Hawk M, Yuan H, Hope H, Baratta M, Zutshi A. Pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics of prednisolone in cynomolgus monkey. Xenobiotica 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250903189454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Martignani E, Eirew P, Eaves C, Baratta M. Functional identification of bovine mammary epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33 Suppl 1:101-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Starvaggi Cucuzza L, Motta M, Miretti S, Macchi E, Martignani E, Accornero P, Baratta M. Positive effect of silymarin on cell growth and differentiation in bovine and murine mammary cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 94:111-7. [PMID: 19207679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, a naturally acknowledged hepatoprotector used in humans to treat liver diseases has been tested in murine (HC11) and bovine (BME-UV) mammary epithelial cell lines to evaluate a possible direct effect on cell growth and differentiation in mammary gland. Silymarin enhanced cell proliferation (p < 0.05) from 10 to 1000 ng/ml in association with growth factors, (up to 20%) or alone (up to 15%) versus controls. Furthermore, silymarin (100 ng/ml) was able to increase (p < 0.05) beta-casein gene expression alone or in association with prolactin (5 microg/ml). These effects may be related with protein kinase B (AKT) activation induced by silymarin treatment (p < 0.05) and/or by a dose-related inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on caspase-3 activity related to a protective role in cell apoptosis. These data suggest that silymarin should be considered a candidate to support mammary gland activity during a lactogenetic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Starvaggi Cucuzza
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Starvaggi Cucuzza L, Motta M, Accornero P, Baratta M. Effect of Echinacea augustifolia extract on cell viability and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:555-562. [PMID: 18424103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Echinacea spp. are popularly used as an herbal medicine or food supplement for enhancing the immune system and activating biological property in different tissues. In this study we show the biological effect of Echinacea augustifolia extract on cell viability and cell differentiation in mammary epithelial cell lines. These effects have been observed in two different cell line derived from mouse (HC11) and bovine (BME-UV). Echinacea extract enhanced cell liability from 100 to 1000 ng/ml in association with growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) or insulin, but also without EGF (p<0.05) up to 37% vs. control. This effect may be modulated by MAPK and Akt activation that Echinacea extract treatment increased and/or by a reduction of caspase 3 activity, showed a dose-response decrease after Echinacea treatment. Finally Echinacea extract was able to increase (p<0.05) at 100 ng/ml beta-casein expression in association with PRL (5 microg/ml). These data demonstrate that Echinacea angustifolia extract can stimulate mammary epithelial cell physiology and may be considered a candidate to support mammary gland activity during a mammogenetic and lactogenetic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Starvaggi Cucuzza
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Accornero P, Luvarà S, Favole A, Macchi E, Motta M, Baratta M. Biological role of the HGF/MET ligand/receptor couple in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31 Suppl 1:161-4. [PMID: 17682865 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Accornero P, Martignani E, Macchi E, Baratta M. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Exerts Multiple Biological Functions on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4289-96. [PMID: 17699048 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The met proto-oncogene product Met is a member of the family of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) has been identified as its only ligand. Bovine Met and HGF/SF have been recently cloned and their expression has been characterized in the mammary gland, but no data regarding the biological effects of this ligand/receptor couple in bovine mammary cells are yet available. We examined the role of HGF/SF and its receptor in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (BME-UV). Expression of Met at the mRNA level in BME-UV mammary epithelial cells evaluated by real-time PCR was similar to the expression in MDCK cells, a widely used model for Met biology. Met expression in BME-UV at the protein level was confirmed by western blot. The analysis of some signal transductional pathways downstream from the Met receptor revealed that HGF/SF addition to BME-UV cells induced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 proliferative pathway and the Akt antiapoptotic pathway. The BME-UV cells treated with HGF responded with increased proliferation, cell scatter, and motility. Met activation by HGF induced degradation of the extracellular matrix and migration through matrigel coated transwells. Moreover, BME-UV cells included in a 3-dimensional matrix of collagen and treated with HGF developed tubular structures, reminiscent of the mammary gland ducts. These data indicate that HGF and Met might be important regulators of mammary gland growth, morphogenesis, and development in the bovine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parola R, Macchi E, Fracchia D, Sabbioni A, Avanzi D, Motta M, Accornero P, Baratta M. Comparison between plasma and milk levels of leptin during pregnancy and lactation in cow, a relationship with ?-lactoglobulin. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2007; 91:240-6. [PMID: 17516946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptin gene is expressed in the mammary tissue and the expression of both leptin and its receptor changes significantly during pregnancy and lactation, with high levels during the first half of pregnancy and a decrease at delivery. The aim of this work was to investigate into leptin concentration in plasma and in milk during pregnancy and the first week after parturition in dairy cow and to analyze the correlation between leptin and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) concentrations in plasma and in milk. The trial was conducted on six Holstein dairy cows, reared in the same environmental conditions and evaluated with similar body condition score, during the complete reproductive cycle from insemination to the delivery. Blood from the jugular vein and milk samples were collected at weekly intervals. Plasma leptin concentration showed a lower level (p < 0.05) at the beginning of pregnancy. Milk leptin concentration showed a higher level (p < 0.01) than plasma level from week 23 to week 29 of pregnancy. Plasma beta-LG concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) compared to plasma concentrations during the first part of pregnancy, then milk levels rise and become higher than plasma levels during the last weeks before dry period. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between leptin and beta-LG both in plasma and in milk profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Parola
- Department Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Romagnoli U, Macchi E, Romano G, Motta M, Accornero P, Baratta M. Leptin concentration in plasma and in milk during the interpartum period in the mare. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 97:180-5. [PMID: 16524675 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate on plasma profiles of leptin and estradiol 17beta during the interpartum period and leptin concentrations in the milk and in the colostrum during the period from parturition to the successive delivery in mare. Leptin plasma concentration varied from 5.1+/-2.3 ng/ml after the first parturition (week 0) to 3.0+/-0.7 at week 21 (p<0.05), then it increased to maximal level at week 49 (6.9+/-1.0 ng/ml, p<0.05). Leptin concentration in the colostrum and in the milk has been significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in plasma samples at week 1 (milk 8.8+/-2.3 versus plasma 5.2+/-0.6 ng/ml) and between week 12 and 17. This difference may be explained with a local leptin production at mammary level and supports a role of leptin in the mammary gland and/or in foal intestine. Estradiol 17beta increased from week 15 (17.9+/-2.3 pg/ml) up to 487.9+/-67.7 pg/ml at week 43. Plasma estradiol 17beta rise anticipated by 4 weeks plasma leptin increase and it does not seem to be positively correlated to leptin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Romagnoli
- University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baratta M, Motta M, Accornero P. Leptin reduces the inhibitory effect of IL-1 beta on beta-casein gene expression in differentiated mammary cells. Vet Res Commun 2006; 29 Suppl 2:153-5. [PMID: 16244943 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Motta M, Accornero P, Baratta M. Leptin and prolactin modulate the expression of SOCS-1 in association with interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mammary cells: a role in differentiated secretory epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 121:163-70. [PMID: 15256287 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptin and its receptors have been shown to be expressed in several tissues, suggesting that this protein might be effective not only at the CNS level but also peripherally. We have previously reported that leptin and its long form receptor are expressed in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11. In this study, we report a specific relationship among leptin, prolactin (PRL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the modulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1). Furthermore, we show that leptin and PRL are able to effectively enhance SOCS-1 gene expression in the HC11 cell line. Finally, high concentrations of leptin (100 nM) and/or PRL significantly (p<0.05) reduce the inhibitory effect of IL-6 (10 and 100 ng/ml) and TNF-alpha (10 and 100 ng/ml) on beta-casein gene expression in HC11 cells transfected with pbetacCAT, a chimeric rat-beta casein gene promoter-cloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene construct. These results provide evidence that leptin may be an important mediator in regulating mammary gland growth and development and that this role may be related to the immune factors that are involved in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Motta
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baratta M, Turzillo AM, Arreguin-Arevalo A, Clay CM, Nett TM. Regulation of genes encoding steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and gonadotropin subunits in the ovine pituitary gland. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2003; 25:121-31. [PMID: 12963105 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(03)00051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) is a transcription factor originally characterized as a mediator of gene expression in steroidogenic tissues. Studies in SF-1 knockout mice revealed that SF-1 has additional roles at multiple levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including regulation of gene expression in pituitary gonadotropes. Specific binding sites for SF-1 have been demonstrated in several pituitary genes with essential roles in gonadotropin synthesis, including alpha subunit, LHbeta subunit, and GnRH receptor. In studies aimed at identifying physiological factors controlling pituitary expression of SF-1, GnRH has been implicated as a co-regulator of SF-1 and gonadotropin subunit genes. In both rats and ewes, elevated endogenous secretion of GnRH following ovariectomy was associated with increased amounts of SF-1 mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland. Conversely, removal of GnRH input to the pituitary gland by hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection (HPD) in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes reduced SF-1 expression. Despite these changes, however, treatment of OVX ewes with GnRH following HPD only partially restored levels of SF-1 mRNA in the pituitary gland. Therefore, it is possible that regulation of SF-1 gene expression by GnRH during the estrous cycle may involve ovarian hormones or other hypothalamic factors. Additional studies are required to further define the physiological roles of SF-1 in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in domestic ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy, UE.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Poppi L, Dixit VD, Baratta M, Giustina A, Tamanini C, Parvizi N. Growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) analogue, hexarelin stimulates GH from peripheral lymphocytes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2002; 110:343-7. [PMID: 12397533 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) analogue hexarelin was investigated in the regulation of GH production from lymphocytes. Porcine and bovine blood mononuclear cells were separated using density gradient centrifugation method by layering the whole blood or buffy coat cells on lymphodex. Cells were incubated for 3 or 5 days with or without phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), GHRH, GHRP-6 analogue hexarelin, somatostatin or GHRH + hexarelin. Growth hormone was fractionated from supernatants by gel chromatography and further concentrated by lyophilization at - 20 degrees C. A nearly two fold increase in basal secretion of GH (porcine: 3.5 +/- 0.1 ng/ml, bovine: 3.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) was achieved by GHRH and hexarelin at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 nM in both porcine and bovine cells. Lymphocytic GH release was also stimulated in response to PHA-M (10 micro g/well). Neither a dose dependent nor a synergistic nor an additive effect was apparent on GH secretion from lymphocytes. GHRH stimulated lymphocytic GH secretion, whereas, somatostatin had no effect. This study reports for the first time that hexarelin stimulates the secretion of GH from peripheral lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Poppi
- Institute of animal science, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Steroid hormones have a profound influence on the secretion of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These effects can occur as a result of steroid hormones modifying the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, or a direct effect of steroid hormones on gonadotropin secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland. With respect to the latter, we have shown that estradiol increases pituitary sensitivity to GnRH by stimulating an increase in expression of the gene encoding the GnRH receptor. Since an estrogen response element (ERE) has not been identified in the GnRH receptor gene, this effect appears to be mediated by estradiol stimulating production of a yet to be identified factor that in turn enhances expression of the GnRH receptor gene. However, the importance of estradiol for enhancing pituitary sensitivity to GnRH during the periovulatory period is questioned because an increase in mRNA for the GnRH receptor precedes the pre-ovulatory rise in circulating concentrations of estradiol. In fact, it appears that the enhanced pituitary sensitivity during the periovulatory period may occur as a result of a decrease in concentrations of progesterone rather than due to an increase in concentrations of estradiol. Estradiol also is capable of altering secretion of FSH and LH in the absence of GnRH. In a recent study utilizing cultured pituitary cells from anestrous ewes, we demonstrated that estradiol induced a dose-dependent increase in secretion of LH, but resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the secretion of FSH. We hypothesized that the discordant effects on secretion of LH and FSH might arise from estradiol altering the production of some of the intrapituitary factors involved in synthesis and secretion of FSH. To examine this hypothesis, we measured amounts of mRNA for activin B (a factor known to stimulate synthesis of FSH) and follistatin (an activin-binding protein). We found no change in the mRNA for follistatin after treatment of pituitary cells with estradiol, but noted a decrease in the amount of mRNA for activin B. Thus, the inhibitory effect of estradiol on secretion of FSH appears to be mediated by its ability to suppress the expression of the gene encoding activin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Nett
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baratta M, Saleri R, Mainardi GL, Valle D, Giustina A, Tamanini C. Leptin regulates GH gene expression and secretion and nitric oxide production in pig pituitary cells. Endocrinology 2002; 143:551-7. [PMID: 11796510 DOI: 10.1210/endo.143.2.8653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of leptin on GH gene expression and secretion and the role of nitric oxide as a possible mediator in pig anterior pituitary cells. Pituitary cells from adult sows were treated for 4 or 24 h with rhleptin (from 0.1 nM to 1 microM) alone or in association with GHRH (10 nM) or hexarelin (10 nM). At the end of incubation, medium was collected for GH and nitric oxide determination by ELISA and Griess test, respectively. Total RNA was collected from cells, and GH gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Leptin significantly (P < 0.001) stimulated GH secretion in both incubation periods. The maximum response was induced by 10 nM leptin; furthermore, a significant interaction (P < 0.002) between leptin and GHRH (P < 0.03) and between leptin and hexarelin was observed when the molecules were used in association. GH gene expression was significantly increased (at least P < 0.05) by hexarelin, GHRH, and leptin (1000 and 100 nM) after 24 h of treatment. Leptin (10 nM and 1 microM) significantly (P < 0.05) increased nitric oxide production, whereas S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (from 0.01-1000 nM) significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated GH secretion. These data demonstrate that leptin directly influences GH regulation at the pituitary level, and nitric oxide may be involved in this function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Department Animal Production, Veterinary Biotechnology and Food Safety, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Troiano P, Oldani A, Gozzini C, Iraci M, Dalpozzo R, Baratta M, De Mattia M. Latanoprost 0.005%: evaluation of its effect on accommodative capacity. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl 2001:52-4. [PMID: 11235537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2000.tb01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Troiano
- IRRCS, Operational Unit of Oculistics, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saleri R, Baratta M, Mainardi GL, Renaville R, Giustina A, Quintavalla F, Tamanini C. IGF-I, IGFBP-2 and -3 but not GH concentrations are different in normal and poor growing piglets. Reprod Nutr Dev 2001; 41:163-72. [PMID: 11434519 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:2001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the somatotropic axis in piglets with evident growth delay. Female Suffolk crossbred piglets (30 days old; N = 12) were divided into normal weight (10 +/- 0.9 kg) and poor growing subjects (7 +/- 0.5 kg) and bled for growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and 3 (IGFBP-2 and -3) determination. Basal and induced-GH levels were not different in the groups. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were significantly different (p < 0.001): 101.8 +/- 9.8 ng x mL(-1) (normal weight group) and 39.5 +/- 4.0 ng x mL(-1) (poor growing group). IGFBP-2 and -3 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in poor growing than in normal piglets. Piglet weight was positively correlated (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) with IGF-I and IGFBP-2 or -3 concentrations. Our data indicate that growth rate was not correlated to basal or secretagogue-induced GH secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Saleri
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baratta M, West LA, Turzillo AM, Nett TM. Activin modulates differential effects of estradiol on synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone in ovine pituitary cells. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:714-9. [PMID: 11159377 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.2.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In several physiological paradigms, secretion of FSH and LH are not coordinately regulated. Because these hormones appear to be produced by a single cell type in the anterior pituitary gland, their discordant regulation must be related to differential intracellular responses to various stimuli. Estradiol-17beta (estradiol) has been shown to influence secretion of both FSH and LH and some of its effects are mediated directly on the gonadotrope. Changes in expression of intrapituitary factors such as activin and follistatin may mediate effects of estradiol and account for discordant patterns of FSH and LH. The aims of this study were 1) to determine if estradiol alters expression of genes encoding activin, follistatin, or both in ovine pituitary cells; and 2) to observe the effects of immunoneutralizing activin B in vitro on gonadotropin secretion. Pituitary cells from five ewes in the anestrous season were cultured for 24 h with estradiol (0.01 or 1.0 nM). Estradiol reduced basal secretion of FSH in a dose-dependent manner (P: < 0.001) and simultaneously increased basal secretion of LH (P: < 0.001). Decreased secretion of FSH in estradiol-treated cultures was accompanied by suppressed levels of FSHbeta subunit mRNA (P: < 0.001). Amounts of mRNA for activin beta(B) were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by estradiol (27% +/- 4.9% at 0.01 nM, P: < 0.02; and 46% +/- 3.9% at 1.0 nM, P: < 0.002). In contrast, mRNA for follistatin was not affected by treatment with estradiol. Treatment of pituitary cells with an antibody to activin B reduced secretion of FSH by 50% (P: < 0.01) without influencing secretion of LH. These data lead us to conclude that discordant secretion of gonadotropins can be induced by estradiol acting directly at the pituitary level. The inhibitory effect of estradiol on FSH secretion may be mediated indirectly through decreased pituitary expression of the activin gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baratta M, Jokic F, Basini G, Tamanini C. Low Molecular Mass Factors from Follicular Fluid Inhibit Steroidogenesis in Bovine Granulosa Cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2000.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Baratta M, Grolli S, Poletti A, Ramoni R, Motta M, Tamanini C. Role of androgens in proliferation and differentiation of mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11. J Endocrinol 2000; 167:53-60. [PMID: 11018752 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1670053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgens have been found in mammary epithelium and in milk throughout the cycle of the mammary gland in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of these substances in mammary epithelial growth and differentiation in the mouse HC11 cell line. Cells were stimulated with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol at concentrations ranging between 0.3 nM and 30 nM. Cyproterone acetate or flutamide, androgen receptor antagonists, (3 microM) were used to block specific androgen effects. Proliferative effects were measured by an MTT (tetrazolium blue) conversion test and [(3)H]thymidine uptake. HC11 cells were transfected with pbetacCAT, a chimeric rat beta-casein gene promoter-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene construct and CAT ELISA was used to determine gene expression. RT-PCR was performed to detect androgen receptor expression. After 24, 48 and 72 h androgens significantly (P<0.05) increased proliferation. Androgen antagonists significantly (P<0.05) reduced the proliferative effects. Furthermore androgens potentiated the lactogenic effect of prolactin, insulin and dexamethasone (P<0.05). Finally, the androgen receptor gene was expressed in both proliferating and differentiated HC11 cells. These observations lead us to hypothesize an activity of this class of steroids in mammary physiology. In particular, androgens stimulate cell proliferation and beta-casein gene expression; this influence appears to be mediated by androgen receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Basini G, Baratta M, Ponderato N, Bussolati S, Tamanini C. Is nitric oxide an autocrine modulator of bovine granulosa cell function? Reprod Fertil Dev 1999; 10:471-8. [PMID: 10588377 DOI: 10.1071/rd98114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intra- and intercellular messenger controlling many biological processes. It is synthesized by NO synthases, which have been found also in granulosa cells. The present study examined whether NO is present in bovine follicular fluid and is produced by granulosa cells in culture. Secondly, it aimed to determine if NO affects the main parameters of granulosa cell function. The NO donor S-nitroso-L-acetyl-penicillamine (10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-5) M) was used to evaluate whether NO might influence steroidogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis in bovine granulosa cells collected from follicles divided according to their size in small (<5 mm) and large (>8 mm). The data demonstrate the presence of NO in follicular fluid and its production by granulosa cells in culture: the most active cells in producing NO are those from the small follicles, as confirmed by the NO levels in follicular fluid. This study also shows that NO donor significantly (P<0.001) inhibits progesterone (P4) and oestradiol 17beta (E2) production by the granulosa cells from both kinds of follicle; moreover, the highest concentration of NO donor significantly (P<0.001) inhibits DNA fragmentation in all the cells whereas the lowest concentration stimulates (P<0.001) cellular apoptosis only in granulosa cells from large follicles. NO donor does not seem to modify cell proliferation. Taken together these data lead point to NO as a local modulator of granulosa cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Basini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Basini G, Baratta M, Bussolati S, Tamanini C. Interleukin-1 beta fragment (163-171) modulates bovine granulosa cell proliferation in vitro: dependence on size of follicle. J Reprod Immunol 1998; 37:139-53. [PMID: 9571568 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of IL-1 on ovarian function have been considered as an inflammatory-like reaction. The peptide fragment of IL-1 (163-171 aa), which belongs to the active site of the whole protein, has been shown to exert an immunostimulatory activity without inducing inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IL 163-171, alone or associated with bFSH, modulates granulosa cell proliferation; in addition, we wanted to assess if IL 163-171 interferes with FSH binding to receptors. Bovine follicles were divided according to their size. Cell proliferation, assessed by [3H]-thymidine uptake and [125I]-FSH binding, were studied in cells treated with IL 163-171(0, 0.5, 5 and 20 ng/ml) with or without bFSH (100 ng/ml) for 24, 48 or 72 h. Basal incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into granulosa cells from small follicles was always 3-fold higher (P < 0.01) than that by cells from large follicles. IL 163-171 did not show any effect in granulosa cells from large follicles but stimulated (P < 0.01) [3H]-thymidine uptake into granulosa cells from small follicles; furthermore IL 163-171 interacted positively with bFSH (P < 0.01) after 48 and 72 h. IL 163-171 significantly reduced (P < 0.05) FSH binding in cells from small follicles after 24 h, but not after 48 and 72 h. This data demonstrates that: (1) Follicular size and cell proliferation are inversely related; (2) IL 163-171 modulates granulosa cell proliferation only in cells from small follicles; and (3) the interaction between IL 163-171 and FSH does not mainly occur at receptor level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Basini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saleri R, Baratta M, Tamanini C. β-Endorphin Directly Influences both Basal and GnRH-induced LH Release by Bovine Pituitaries in Vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1998.tb01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Baratta M, Saleri R, Mascadri C, Coy DH, Negro-Vilar A, Tamanini C, Giustina A. Modulation by galanin of growth hormone and gonadotropin secretion from perifused pituitary and median eminence of prepubertal male calves. Neuroendocrinology 1997; 66:271-7. [PMID: 9349661 DOI: 10.1159/000127248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Galanin is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous system and has been indicated as a putative hypothalamic-hypophysiotropic hormone. This study was performed to investigate the effects of galanin on both growth (GH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) from pituitaries of young male calves. Pituitary slices (P, 500 microm in thickness) were perfused alone or coincubated with median eminence terminals (ME) in DMEM-F12 plus BSA 0.1% and antibiotics. The perifusion chambers were kept in equilibrium for 150 min, and medium samples were collected every 10 min for 240 min and stored at -20 degrees C until the measurement of LH and GH levels. Basal GH release increased up to 60% after galanin infusion (p < 0.01 vs. baseline levels) for 60 min in P alone; in P + ME coincubation, galanin-stimulated GH secretion was further increased by up to 200%. Basal LH release in chambers with P was significantly increased (up to 25%; p < 0.05) for 70 min after galanin infusion; P + ME coincubation showed a galanin-mediated increase in LH release of up to 50%. GH and LH responsiveness to exogenous GH-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone was not significantly modulated by galanin in our experimental model. In conclusion, galanin is demonstrated to have a significant stimulatory role in the secretion of GH and LH, with a combined action at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels. ......................
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Baratta M, Basini G, Bussolati S, Tamanini C. Effects of interleukin-1 beta fragment (163-171) on progesterone and estradiol-17 beta release by bovine granulosa cells from different size follicles. Regul Pept 1996; 67:187-94. [PMID: 8988519 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(96)00123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that interleukin-1 beta may play a role in ovarian function. To explore this possibility, we examined the effects of a fragment of interleukin-1 beta (163-171 aa) on progesterone and estradiol-17 beta production by bovine granulosa cells from small (< 5 mm) and large (> 8 mm) follicles; in addition we investigated the distribution of monocytes/macrophages, a possible source of interleukin-1 beta in the follicles, to determine a possible relationship between production of the cytokine and its activity. Bovine follicles were divided according to the size, granulosa cells were obtained by aspiration and plated at a density of 10(5) cells/well; then different concentrations of interleukin-1 beta fragment (0, 0.5, 5, 20 ng/ml) with or without bFSH were added for 24 h. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) concentrations in media were evaluated by validated RIAs. Interleukin-1 beta (0.5 and 5 ng/ml) stimulated (P < 0.05) P4 output in both small and large follicles, while FSH-induced P4 output was reduced (P < 0.05) in large but not in small follicles by all the concentrations of peptide. FSH-induced E2 output was reduced (P < 0.05) in large, but not in small follicles. Immunohisto- and cytochemistry revealed a higher number of monocytes/macrophages in large follicles. It appears from our data that: (1) interleukin-1 beta fragment may modulate steroidogenesis in bovine granulosa cells depending on the stage of development of the follicle, and (2) the presence of monocytes/macrophages is related to this modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Instituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baratta M, Grasselli F, Tamanini C. Effects of gonadal steroids on tonic luteinizing hormone (LH) release and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-induced LH release from bovine pituitary cells cultured in vitro. Biol Reprod 1994; 50:1320-7. [PMID: 8080919 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod50.6.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the direct effect of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P4) on LH release by pituitary cells of midluteal phase cows in vitro. Pituitaries were collected at the slaughterhouse; cells were dissociated with collagenase and hyaluronidase and maintained in a static culture system in Medium 199 (M199). Various concentrations of E2 (0.1-100 nM) and P4 (0.1 and 10 nM) were used to stimulate the cells for 2, 4, 6, 15, 24, 48, or 72 h. In addition, the synergistic action of E2 and P4 was investigated by exposure of the cells to a combination of the two hormones. At the end of each incubation, the cells were challenged with LHRH (1 nM) for 2 h. The medium was collected for LH analysis at the end of each incubation period and after the LHRH challenge; furthermore, intracellular LH content was quantified at the end of each experiment. The results indicate a positive action of E2 on basal release of LH beginning after 15 h of exposure (p < 0.01). LHRH-induced LH release was modulated by E2 in a time-dependent manner with an effect at first inhibitory, then stimulatory, and finally inhibitory again (p < 0.04). P4 alone did not affect LH release, but it negatively influenced LHRH-induced LH release. P4 also exerted a positive action on intracellular LH after 6 h of incubation. A substantial inhibitory effect (p < 0.001) on both tonic LH release and LHRH-induced LH release was observed in cells exposed for 16 h to P4 after a priming with E2 for 4 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Universita' di Parma, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grasselli F, Baratta M, Tamanini C. Effects of a GnRH analogue (buserelin) infused via osmotic minipumps on pituitary and ovarian activity of prepubertal heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4320(93)90087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Baratta M, Tamanini C. Effect of melatonin on the in vitro secretion of progesterone and estradiol 17 beta by ovine granulosa cells. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1992; 127:366-70. [PMID: 1449047 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1270366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of melatonin on steroid hormone production by ovine granulosa and luteal cells in vitro. Granulosa and luteal cells from ovine ovaries were cultured for nine days either in D-MEM only or in the presence of melatonin (0.86, 8.6, 86 nmol/l), ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH, 2 micrograms/l) or a combination of both these hormones. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol 17 beta (E2) were determined by validated RIAs. Melatonin stimulation began at either day 1 or day 5 of culture. Melatonin (0.86 nmol/l) significantly increased (p < 0.001) progesterone secretion by granulosa cells both when administered alone and when administered in combination with oLH; the more marked response was observed in the latter case. When the stimulation began at day 5, at a more advanced degree of differentiation of the cells, higher levels of P4 were observed. Higher concentrations of melatonin did not further increase progesterone production. Melatonin alone did not have a significant effect on the production of estradiol 17 beta; neither did melatonin stimulate progesterone production in either long-term cultured luteal cells or in short-term (1-2 h) cultured luteal and granulosa cells. The results of this study document a direct effect of melatonin in stimulating granulosa cells to produce progesterone, a synergistic activity between melatonin and luteinizing hormone and a different ability of granulosa cells to secrete P4 depending on the degree of differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baratta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tucker RK, Burke TA, Garie HL, Baratta M, Herb J, Austin C, Klucharich S, O'Leary K, Shehata T. Information sources and resources. N J Med 1988; 85:959-61. [PMID: 3205426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
43
|
Lippman MM, Laster WR, Abbott BJ, Venditti J, Baratta M. Antitumor activity of macromomycin B (NSC 170105) against murine leukemias, melanoma, and lung carcinoma. Cancer Res 1975; 35:939-45. [PMID: 1116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mice bearing either of the two rapidly growing mouse leukemias, L1210 or P388, or the slow-growing B16 melanoma responded to i.p. injections of Macromomycin B (NSC 170105) with significant increases in life-span. The maximal increases in life-span obtained in these experiments were 37% for L1210, 68% for P388, and 120% for B16. In addition, there were 7 of 30 cures for varying doses of Macromomycin in the B16 melanoma. Activity of over 50% increase in life-span in B16 was obtained with a daily i.p. injection on Days 1 to 9 of 16 to 40 mg/kg. Animals that had received s.c. implanted Lewis lung tumors responded to either single or repeated injections (8 to 16 mg/kg) given at the site of tumor implant by a marked reduction in growth of the primary tumor, increased life-span, and some cures. The same doses were without effect when administered i.p. The reported activity of Macromomycin against L1210, P388 leukemias, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma make it a good candidate for development for clinical trial against human solid tumors. A new method of evaluating activity against solid tumors, "responder analysis," is also presented.
Collapse
|