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Al-Khudhair A, VanRaden PM, Null DJ, Neupane M, McClure MC, Dechow CD. New mutation within a common haplotype is associated with calf muscle weakness in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3768-3779. [PMID: 38246543 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A recessive haplotype resulting in elevated calf mortality but with apparent incomplete penetrance was previously linked to the end of chromosome 16 (78.7-80.7 Mbp). Genotype analysis of 5.6 million Holsteins indicated that the haplotype was common and traced back to 1952, with a key ancestor born in 1984 (HOUSA1964484, Southwind) identified from chip genotypes as homozygous for the suspect haplotype. Sequence data from Southwind (an affected calf) and the sire of the affected calf were scanned for candidate mutations. A missense mutation with a deleterious projected impact at 79,613,592 bp was homozygous in the affected calf and heterozygous in the calf's sire and Southwind. Sequence data available from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository for 299 other Holsteins indicated a 97% concordance with the haplotype and an 89% call rate. The exon amino acid sequence appears to be broadly conserved in the CACNA1S gene, and mutations in humans and mice can cause phenotypes of temporary or permanent paralysis analogous to those in calves with the haplotype causing muscle weakness (HMW). Improved methods for using pedigree to track new mutations within existing haplotypes were developed and applied to the haplotypes for both muscle weakness and Holstein cholesterol deficiency (HCD). For HCD, concordance of the gene test with its haplotype status was greatly improved. For both defects, haplotype status was matched to heifer livability records for 558,000 calves. For HMW, only 46 heifers with livability records were homozygous and traced only to Southwind on both sides. Of those, 52% died before 18 mo at an average age of 1.7 ± 1.6 mo, but that death rate may be underestimated if only healthier calves were genotyped. The death rate was 2.4% for noncarriers. Different reporting methods or dominance effects may be needed to include HMW and other partially lethal effects in selection and mating. Direct tests are needed for new mutations within existing common haplotypes because tracking can be difficult even with accurate pedigrees when the original haplotype has a high frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Khudhair
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - P M VanRaden
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - D J Null
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - M Neupane
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | | | - C D Dechow
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Gurung D, Neupane M, Bhattarai K, Acharya B, Gautam NC, Gautam K, Koirala S, Marahatta K, Gurung P, Khadka KB, Kohrt BA, Thornicroft G, Gronholm PC. Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis - ERRATUM. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 32:e72. [PMID: 38173236 PMCID: PMC10803186 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
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Gurung D, Neupane M, Bhattarai K, Acharya B, Gautam NC, Gautam K, Koirala S, Marahatta K, Gurung P, Khadka KB, Kohrt BA, Thornicroft G, Gronholm PC. Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e70. [PMID: 38086740 PMCID: PMC10803190 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS National policies can be used to reveal structural stigma and discrimination in relation to mental health. This review assesses how structural stigma and discrimination are manifested in the policies and legislations of Government of Nepal. METHODS Scoping review methodology was followed to review policy documents (acts of parliament, legislation, policies, strategies, guidelines and official directives) drafted or amended after 2010. RESULTS Eighty-nine policies were identified related to health, social welfare, development and regulations which were relevant to people with psychosocial and mental disabilities or have addressed the mental health agendas. Several critical policy failings and gaps are revealed, such as the use of stigmatizing language (e.g., 'insane' or 'lunatic'), inconsistencies within and between policies, deviation from international protocols defining legal capacity and consent, lack of inclusion of the mental health agenda in larger development policies and lack of cost-effective interventions and identification of financing mechanisms. Provisions for people living with mental health conditions included adequate standard of living; attaining standard mental health; the right to exercise legal capacity, liberty and security; freedom from torture or discrimination; and right to live independently. However, other policies contradicted these rights, such as prohibiting marriage, candidacy for and retention of positions of authority and vulnerability to imprisonment. CONCLUSION Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in Nepal can be identified through the use of discriminator language and provisions in the policies. The structural stigma and discrimination may be addressed through revision of the discriminating policies, integrating the mental health agenda into larger national and provincial policies, and streamlining policies to comply with national and international protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gurung
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Neupane
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K. Bhattarai
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B. Acharya
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N. C. Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K. Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Center for Global Mental Health Equity, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S. Koirala
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K. Marahatta
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country office for Nepal, Nepal
| | - P. Gurung
- National Indigenous Disabled Women Association Nepal (NIDWAN), Nepal
| | - K. B. Khadka
- Gandaki Province Health Directorate, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - B. A. Kohrt
- Center for Global Mental Health Equity, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G. Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P. C. Gronholm
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Regmi S, Huang CY, Khan MA, Wang B, Pradhan Sakhya A, Hosen MM, Thompson J, Singh B, Denlinger JD, Ishigami M, Mitchell JF, Kaczorowski D, Bansil A, Neupane M. Electronic structure in a transition metal dipnictide TaAs 2. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 36:075502. [PMID: 37857273 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad04fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The family of transition-metal dipnictides has been of theoretical and experimental interest because this family hosts topological states and extremely large magnetoresistance (MR). Recently,TaAs2, a member of this family, has been predicted to support a topological crystalline insulating state. Here, by using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we reveal both closed and open pockets in the metallic Fermi surface (FS) and linearly dispersive bands on the (2‾01) surface, along with the presence of extreme MR observed from magneto-transport measurements. A comparison of the ARPES results with first-principles computations shows that the linearly dispersive bands on the measured surface ofTaAs2are trivial bulk bands. The absence of symmetry-protected surface state on the (2‾01) surface indicates its topologically dark nature. The presence of open FS features suggests that the open-orbit fermiology could contribute to the extremely large MR ofTaAs2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Regmi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
- Currently at Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mojammel A Khan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
| | - Baokai Wang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Anup Pradhan Sakhya
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - M Mofazzel Hosen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Jesse Thompson
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Bahadur Singh
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Jonathan D Denlinger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Masahiro Ishigami
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - J F Mitchell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
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Regmi S, Bin Elius I, Sakhya AP, Jeff D, Sprague M, Mondal MI, Jarrett D, Valadez N, Agosto A, Romanova T, Chu JH, Khondaker SI, Ptok A, Kaczorowski D, Neupane M. Observation of momentum-dependent charge density wave gap in a layered antiferromagnet [Formula: see text]. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18618. [PMID: 37903837 PMCID: PMC10616278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge density wave (CDW) ordering has been an important topic of study for a long time owing to its connection with other exotic phases such as superconductivity and magnetism. The [Formula: see text] (R = rare-earth elements) family of materials provides a fertile ground to study the dynamics of CDW in van der Waals layered materials, and the presence of magnetism in these materials allows to explore the interplay among CDW and long range magnetic ordering. Here, we have carried out a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of a CDW material [Formula: see text], which is antiferromagnetic below [Formula: see text], along with thermodynamic, electrical transport, magnetic, and Raman measurements. Our ARPES data show a two-fold symmetric Fermi surface with both gapped and ungapped regions indicative of the partial nesting. The gap is momentum dependent, maximum along [Formula: see text] and gradually decreases going towards [Formula: see text]. Our study provides a platform to study the dynamics of CDW and its interaction with other physical orders in two- and three-dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Regmi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- Present Address: Center for Quantum Actinide Science and Technology, Idaho National laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
| | - Iftakhar Bin Elius
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | | | - Dylan Jeff
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Milo Sprague
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | | | - Damani Jarrett
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Nathan Valadez
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Alexis Agosto
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Tetiana Romanova
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Saiful I. Khondaker
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Andrzej Ptok
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, W. E. Radzikowskiego 152, 31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
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Neupane M, Hutchison J, Cole J, Van Tassell C, VanRaden P. Genomic evaluation of late-term abortion in cows recorded through Dairy Herd Improvement test plans. JDS Commun 2023; 4:354-357. [PMID: 37727251 PMCID: PMC10505768 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Late-term abortions cause significant economic loss and are of great concern for dairy herds. Late-term abortions >152 d and <251 d of gestation that terminate a lactation or initiate a new lactation have long been recorded by Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI). For 24.8 million DHI lactations, the average recorded incidence of late-term abortions across all years (2001-2018) was 1.2%. However, the 1.3% incidence of abortions reported in 2012 has declined to <1.0% incidence since 2015. Small adjustments were applied to the 82 million daughter pregnancy rate (DPR), 29 million cow conception rate (CCR), and 9 million heifer conception rate (HCR) records to account for late-term abortions more accurately. Fertility credits for CCR and HCR were changed to treat the last breeding as a failure instead of success if the next calving was coded as a late-term abortion. Similarly, when computing DPR, days open is now set to the maximum value of 250 instead of the reported days open if the next reported calving is an abortion. The test of these changes showed very small changes in standard deviation and high correlations (0.997) of adjusted predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) with official PTA from about 20,000 Holstein bulls born since 2000 with >50% reliability. For late-term abortion as a trait, estimated heritability was only 0.001 and PTA had a standard deviation of only 0.1% for recent sires with high reliability (>75%). Young animal genomic PTA have near 50% reliability but range only from -0.5 to +0.4 because of the low incidence and heritability. Genetic trend was slightly favorable and late-term abortion PTA were correlated favorably by 0.27 with net merit, 0.49 with productive life, 0.33 with livability, 0.23 with CCR, 0.20 with HCR, 0.26 with DPR, -0.31 with somatic cell score, -0.24 with daughter stillbirth, and -0.26 with daughter dystocia. Thus, PTA for late-term abortions should not be needed as a separate fertility trait and instead these minor edit changes should suffice. The PTA for late-term abortions would add little value because national evaluations for current fertility traits already account for those economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Neupane
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - J.L. Hutchison
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - J.B. Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - C.P. Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - P.M. VanRaden
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
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7
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Neupane M, Hutchison JL, Van Tassell CP, VanRaden PM. Genomic evaluation of dairy heifer livability. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8959-8965. [PMID: 34001366 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Differences in breeds and sire lines suggest the presence of a genetic component for heifer livability (HLIV). Genomic evaluation for this trait can increase profitability and improve animal health and welfare. Evaluations for HLIV were examined from 3,362,499 calf data records from heifers of all breeds born from 2009 to 2016. Data were obtained from the national cooperator database maintained by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (https://www.uscdcb.com/). The total number of deaths reported was 134,753 (4.01%), which included herds with death loss between 1.5 and 25.5%. Age at death was evaluated and ranged from >2 d of age until the heifer left the herd, with a maximum of 18 mo of age. Records were not included until 3 yr after the birthdate so that live status of contemporaries could be confirmed by a calving date for those animals. Deaths observed until 2 d after birth were considered to be a stillbirth rather than a failure of HLIV. The scale used for analysis of HLIV was 0 (died) or 100 (live), and the heritability estimate was 0.7% based on sire model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Genomic predicted transmitting abilities for Holstein ranged from -1.6% to +1.6% with a standard deviation of 0.5%, and genomic predicted transmitting abilities for Jersey ranged from -0.5% to +0.5% with a standard deviation of 0.2%. The mean overall death loss was about 4%. Reliabilities of genomic predictions for young animals averaged 46% for Holsteins and 30% for Jerseys, and corresponding traditional parent average reliabilities averaged 16% and 12%, respectively. Correlations of HLIV were 0.44 with productive life, 0.18 to 0.22 with yield traits, and 0.29 with early first calving on proven Holstein bulls. The HLIV trait had a favorable genetic trend in recent years, likely because of the indirect selection associated with the correlated traits. The trait HLIV should receive 1% of emphasis on the Lifetime Net Merit index, resulting in economic progress worth $50,000/yr. By encouraging more comprehensive recording on calf mortality, the reliabilities of genetic predictions could increase significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neupane
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350.
| | - J L Hutchison
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - C P Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - P M VanRaden
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
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Dawadi A, Humagain M, Sapkota B, Subba M, Neupane M, Lamichhane S. Crown Lengthening Surgery for Enhancing Restorative Treatment in Esthetic Zone. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:278-281. [PMID: 34819452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For obtaining adequate retention for restoring cases like subgingival caries or extensive caries that shortens the tooth, short clinical crown, and fractures, it is usually necessary to disclose more tooth structure. Crown lengthening procedure is done to increase the clinical crown length for restorative or esthetic reasons without breaching the biologic width. These procedures are also utilized to improve the appearance and retention of restorations placed within the esthetic zone. We report a case of crown lengthening surgery with an internal bevel gingivectomy which was done in our department without compromising tooth support and esthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dawadi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Humagain
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Sapkota
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Subba
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Neupane
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Lamichhane
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Lamichhane S, Humagain M, Subba M, Neupane M, Dawadi A. Necrotizing Stomatitis in Varicella Zoster Infection. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2020; 18:210-213. [PMID: 33594035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing periodontal disease are acute periodontal conditions which can present with simple gingivitis to more complex life threatening condition where it can perforate the skin of cheek. They are found in patients with severe illness, stress and reduced immunity. The prevalence of this whole group of disease is usually very low and is stated frequently as the first manifestation in HIV infection. Herpes zoster, a common dermatological condition is a secondary infection due to re-activation of Varicella zoster virus in a person previously acquiring a chicken pox in his/her lifetime. There are limited scientific literatures citing the occurrence of necrotizing stomatitis in varicella zoster infection. Thus, here we present a detail about a case and management of 46 years old female who had a hospital stay of over 5 days for treatment of Herpes zoster infection of mandibular nerve presented with necrotizing stomatitis lesion within oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lamichhane
- Department of Periodontology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Humagain
- Department of Periodontology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Subba
- Department of Periodontology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Neupane
- Department of Periodontology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A Dawadi
- Department of Periodontology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Hosen MM, Dhakal G, Wang B, Poudel N, Dimitri K, Kabir F, Sims C, Regmi S, Gofryk K, Kaczorowski D, Bansil A, Neupane M. Experimental observation of drumhead surface states in SrAs 3. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2776. [PMID: 32066748 PMCID: PMC7026427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The topological nodal-line semimetal (TNS) is a unique class of materials with a one dimensional line node accompanied by a nearly dispersionless two-dimensional surface state. However, a direct observation of the so called drumhead surface state within current nodal-line materials is still elusive. Here, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) along with first-principles calculations, we report the observation of a topological nodal-loop (TNL) in SrAs3, whereas CaAs3 exhibits a topologically trivial state. Our data reveal that surface projections of the bulk nodal-points are connected by clear drumhead surface states in SrAs3. Furthermore, our magneto-transport and magnetization data clearly suggest the presence (absence) of surface states in SrAs3 (CaAs3). Notably, the observed topological states in SrAs3 are well separated from other bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level. RAs3 where R = Ca, Sr, thus, offers a unique opportunity to realize an archetype nodal-loop semimetal and establish a platform for obtaining a deeper understanding of the quantum phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mofazzel Hosen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Gyanendra Dhakal
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Baokai Wang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Narayan Poudel
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, 83415, USA
| | - Klauss Dimitri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Firoza Kabir
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Christopher Sims
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Sabin Regmi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | | | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-950, Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA.
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11
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Liu Y, Beetar JE, Hosen MM, Dhakal G, Sims C, Kabir F, Etienne MB, Dimitri K, Regmi S, Liu Y, Pathak AK, Kaczorowski D, Neupane M, Chini M. Extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission setup with 21.5 meV resolution using high-order harmonic generation from a turn-key Yb:KGW amplifier. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:013102. [PMID: 32012559 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing and controlling electronic properties of quantum materials require direct measurements of nonequilibrium electronic band structures over large regions of momentum space. Here, we demonstrate an experimental apparatus for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using high-order harmonic probe pulses generated by a robust, moderately high power (20 W) Yb:KGW amplifier with a tunable repetition rate between 50 and 150 kHz. By driving high-order harmonic generation (HHG) with the second harmonic of the fundamental 1025 nm laser pulses, we show that single-harmonic probe pulses at 21.8 eV photon energy can be effectively isolated without the use of a monochromator. The on-target photon flux can reach 5 × 1010 photons/s at 50 kHz, and the time resolution is measured to be 320 fs. The relatively long pulse duration of the Yb-driven HHG source allows us to reach an excellent energy resolution of 21.5 meV, which is achieved by suppressing the space-charge broadening using a low photon flux of 1.5 × 108 photons/s at a higher repetition rate of 150 kHz. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated through measurements in the topological semimetal ZrSiS and the topological insulator Sb2-xGdxTe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - John E Beetar
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Md Mofazzel Hosen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Gyanendra Dhakal
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Christopher Sims
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Firoza Kabir
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Marc B Etienne
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Klauss Dimitri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Sabin Regmi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
| | - Arjun K Pathak
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Michael Chini
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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12
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Neupane M, Kiser JN, Neibergs HL. Gene set enrichment analysis of SNP data in dairy and beef cattle with bovine respiratory disease. Anim Genet 2018; 49:527-538. [PMID: 30229962 DOI: 10.1111/age.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex disease that is associated with infection by bacterial and viral pathogens when cattle fail to adequately respond to stress. The objective of this study was to use gene set enrichment analysis of SNP data (GSEA-SNP) and a network analysis (ingenuity pathway analysis) to identify gene sets, genes within gene sets (leading-edge genes) and upstream regulators associated with BRD in pre-weaned dairy calves and beef feedlot cattle. BRD cases and controls were diagnosed using the McGuirk health scoring system. Holstein calves were sampled from commercial calf-raising facilities in California (1003 cases and 1011 controls) and New Mexico (376 cases and 372 controls). Commercial feedlot cattle were sampled from Colorado (500 cases and 499 controls) and Washington (504 cases and 497 controls). There were 102 and 237 unique leading-edge genes identified in the dairy calf and beef cattle populations respectively. Six leading-edge genes (ADIPOQ, HTR2A, MIF, PDE6G, PRDX3 and SNCA) were associated with BRD in both dairy and beef cattle. Network analysis identified glucose as the most influential upstream regulator in dairy cattle, whereas in beef cattle, TNF was the most influential upstream regulator. The genes, gene sets and upstream regulators associated with BRD have common functions associated with immunity, inflammation and pulmonary disease and provide insights into the mechanisms that are critical to BRD susceptibility in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neupane
- Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646310, Pullman, WA, 99164-6310, USA
| | - J N Kiser
- Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646310, Pullman, WA, 99164-6310, USA
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- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - H L Neibergs
- Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646310, Pullman, WA, 99164-6310, USA
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13
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Hosen MM, Dimitri K, Nandy AK, Aperis A, Sankar R, Dhakal G, Maldonado P, Kabir F, Sims C, Chou F, Kaczorowski D, Durakiewicz T, Oppeneer PM, Neupane M. Distinct multiple fermionic states in a single topological metal. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3002. [PMID: 30068909 PMCID: PMC6070493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the quantum materials that have recently gained interest are the topological insulators, wherein symmetry-protected surface states cross in reciprocal space, and the Dirac nodal-line semimetals, where bulk bands touch along a line in k-space. However, the existence of multiple fermion phases in a single material has not been verified yet. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles electronic structure calculations, we systematically study the metallic material Hf2Te2P and discover properties, which are unique in a single topological quantum material. We experimentally observe weak topological insulator surface states and our calculations suggest additional strong topological insulator surface states. Our first-principles calculations reveal a one-dimensional Dirac crossing—the surface Dirac-node arc—along a high-symmetry direction which is confirmed by our ARPES measurements. This novel state originates from the surface bands of a weak topological insulator and is therefore distinct from the well-known Fermi arcs in semimetals. The existence of multiple topological phases in a single material, although theoretically possible, has not been verified. Here, the authors observe weak topological insulator surface states and a one-dimensional Dirac-node crossing surface state in a single metallic material Hf2Te2P.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mofazzel Hosen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Klauss Dimitri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Ashis K Nandy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 516, S-75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alex Aperis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 516, S-75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Raman Sankar
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gyanendra Dhakal
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Pablo Maldonado
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 516, S-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Firoza Kabir
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Christopher Sims
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-950, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Durakiewicz
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Peter M Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 516, S-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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14
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Neibergs HL, Kiser JN, Neupane M, Seabury CM, Taylor JF, Cornmesser MA, McGuirk S, Blackburn R, Consortium BRD, Womack JE. 204 Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies QTL Associated with Clinical and Sub-Clinical Bovine Respiratory Disease. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - J N Kiser
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - M Neupane
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - C M Seabury
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
| | | | - M A Cornmesser
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - S McGuirk
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - J E Womack
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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15
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Kiser JN, Lawrence TE, Neupane M, Seabury CM, Taylor JF, Womack JE, Neibergs HL. Rapid Communication: Subclinical bovine respiratory disease - loci and pathogens associated with lung lesions in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2726-2731. [PMID: 28727052 PMCID: PMC7110184 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of feedlot cattle that is caused by viral and bacterial pathogen members of the BRD complex. Many cases of subclinical BRD go untreated and are not detected until slaughter, when lung lesions are identified. The objectives of this study were to identify which BRD pathogens were associated with the presence of lung lesions at harvest and to identify genomic loci that were associated with susceptibility to lung lesions as defined by consolidation of the lung and/or the presence of fibrin tissue. Steers from a Colorado feedlot (n = 920) were tested for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens using deep pharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs collected on entry into the study. Pathogen profiles were compared between cattle with or without lung consolidation (LC), fibrin tissue in the lung (FT), a combination of LC and FT in the same lung (lung lesions [LL]), and hyperinflated lungs (HIF) at harvest. Genotyping was conducted using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip. Genomewide association analyses (GWAA) were conducted using EMMAX (efficient mixed-model association eXpedited), and pseudoheritabilities were estimated. The pathogen profile comparisons revealed that LC (P = 0.01, odds ratio [OR] = 3.37) and LL cattle (P = 0.04, OR = 4.58) were more likely to be infected with bovine herpes virus-1 and that HIF cattle were more likely to be infected with Mycoplasma spp. (P = 0.04, OR = 4.33). Pseudoheritability estimates were 0.25 for LC, 0.00 for FT, 0.28 for LL, and 0.13 for HIF. Because pseudoheritability for FT was estimated to be 0, GWAA results for FT were not reported. There were 4 QTL that were moderately associated (P < 1 × 10−5) with only LC, 2 that were associated with only LL, and 1 that was associated with LC and LL. Loci associated with HIF included 12 that were moderately associated and 3 that were strongly associated (uncorrected P < 5 × 10−7). A 24-kb region surrounding significant lead SNP was investigated to identify positional candidate genes. Many positional candidate genes underlying or flanking the detected QTL have been associated with signal transduction, cell adhesion, or gap junctions, which have functional relevance to the maintenance of lung health. The identification of pathogens and QTL associated with the presence of lung abnormalities in cattle exhibiting subclinical BRD allows the identification of loci that may not be detected through manifestation of clinical disease alone.
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16
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Lodge MS, Chang G, Huang CY, Singh B, Hellerstedt J, Edmonds MT, Kaczorowski D, Hosen MM, Neupane M, Lin H, Fuhrer MS, Weber B, Ishigami M. Observation of Effective Pseudospin Scattering in ZrSiS. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7213-7217. [PMID: 29110492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
3D Dirac semimetals are an emerging class of materials that possess topological electronic states with a Dirac dispersion in their bulk. In nodal-line Dirac semimetals, the conductance and valence bands connect along a closed path in momentum space, leading to the prediction of pseudospin vortex rings and pseudospin skyrmions. Here, we use Fourier transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy (FT-STS) at 4.5 K to resolve quasiparticle interference (QPI) patterns at single defect centers on the surface of the line nodal semimetal zirconium silicon sulfide (ZrSiS). Our QPI measurements show pseudospin conservation at energies close to the line node. In addition, we determine the Fermi velocity to be ℏvF = 2.65 ± 0.10 eV Å in the Γ-M direction ∼300 meV above the Fermi energy EF and the line node to be ∼140 meV above EF. More importantly, we find that certain scatterers can introduce energy-dependent nonpreservation of pseudospin, giving rise to effective scattering between states with opposite pseudospin deep inside valence and conduction bands. Further investigations of quasiparticle interference at the atomic level will aid defect engineering at the synthesis level, needed for the development of lower-power electronics via dissipationless electronic transport in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bahadur Singh
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
| | | | | | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences , 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
| | | | - Bent Weber
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
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17
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Kiser JN, Neupane M, White SN, Neibergs HL. Identification of genes associated with susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) tissue infection in Holstein cattle using gene set enrichment analysis-SNP. Mamm Genome 2017; 29:539-549. [PMID: 29185027 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genome-wide association analyses have investigated susceptibility to bovine paratuberculosis, but few loci have been identified across independent cattle populations. A SNP-based gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA-SNP) allows expanded identification of genes with moderate effects on a trait through the enrichment of gene sets instead of identifying only few loci with large effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify genes that were moderately associated with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) tissue infection using GSEA-SNP in Holstein cattle from the Pacific Northwest (PNW; n = 205) and from the PNW and Northeast (PNW+NE; n = 245) which were previously genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. The GSEA-SNP utilized 4389 gene sets from five databases. For each annotated gene in the UMD3.1 assembly (n = 19,723), the most significant SNP within each gene and its surrounding region (10 kb up- and downstream) was selected as a proxy for that gene. Any gene set with a normalized enrichment score > 2.5 was considered enriched. Thirteen gene sets (8 PNW GSEA-SNP; 5 PNW+NE) were enriched in these analyses and all have functions that relate to nuclear factor kappa beta. Nuclear factor kappa beta is critical to gut immune responses, implicated in host immune responses to other mycobacterial diseases, and has established roles in inflammation as well as cancer. Gene sets and genes moderately associated with Map infection could be used in genomic selection to allow producers to select for less susceptible cattle, lower the prevalence of the disease, and reduce economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Kiser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - M Neupane
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - S N White
- USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - H L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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18
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Mutch JL, Neibergs HL, Neupane M, Michal JJ, Garrick DJ, Kerley MS, Shike DW, Beever JE, Hansen SL, Taylor JF, Efficiency Consortium USF, Johnson KA. 587 The role of diet composition fed during residual feed intake determinations and the impact of the diet on the gene sets associated with efficiency as determined by a gene set enrichment analysis. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Belopolski I, Xu SY, Koirala N, Liu C, Bian G, Strocov VN, Chang G, Neupane M, Alidoust N, Sanchez D, Zheng H, Brahlek M, Rogalev V, Kim T, Plumb NC, Chen C, Bertran F, Le Fèvre P, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Asensio MC, Shi M, Lin H, Hoesch M, Oh S, Hasan MZ. A novel artificial condensed matter lattice and a new platform for one-dimensional topological phases. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1501692. [PMID: 28378013 PMCID: PMC5365246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered lattices in condensed matter physics, such as cold-atom optical lattices or photonic crystals, can have properties that are fundamentally different from those of naturally occurring electronic crystals. We report a novel type of artificial quantum matter lattice. Our lattice is a multilayer heterostructure built from alternating thin films of topological and trivial insulators. Each interface within the heterostructure hosts a set of topologically protected interface states, and by making the layers sufficiently thin, we demonstrate for the first time a hybridization of interface states across layers. In this way, our heterostructure forms an emergent atomic chain, where the interfaces act as lattice sites and the interface states act as atomic orbitals, as seen from our measurements by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. By changing the composition of the heterostructure, we can directly control hopping between lattice sites. We realize a topological and a trivial phase in our superlattice band structure. We argue that the superlattice may be characterized in a significant way by a one-dimensional topological invariant, closely related to the invariant of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Our topological insulator heterostructure demonstrates a novel experimental platform where we can engineer band structures by directly controlling how electrons hop between lattice sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nikesh Koirala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guang Bian
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniel Sanchez
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Victor Rogalev
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timur Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Nicholas C. Plumb
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Chaoyu Chen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Bertran
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Le Fèvre
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amina Taleb-Ibrahimi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria-Carmen Asensio
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ming Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Hsin Lin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Moritz Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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20
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Kiser JN, Lawrence TE, Neupane M, Seabury CM, Taylor JF, Womack JE, Neibergs HL. Rapid Communication: Subclinical bovine respiratory disease – loci and pathogens associated with lung lesions in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Belopolski I, Sanchez DS, Ishida Y, Pan X, Yu P, Xu SY, Chang G, Chang TR, Zheng H, Alidoust N, Bian G, Neupane M, Huang SM, Lee CC, Song Y, Bu H, Wang G, Li S, Eda G, Jeng HT, Kondo T, Lin H, Liu Z, Song F, Shin S, Hasan MZ. Discovery of a new type of topological Weyl fermion semimetal state in Mo xW 1-xTe 2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13643. [PMID: 27917858 PMCID: PMC5150217 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of a Weyl semimetal in TaAs offers the first Weyl fermion observed in nature and dramatically broadens the classification of topological phases. However, in TaAs it has proven challenging to study the rich transport phenomena arising from emergent Weyl fermions. The series MoxW1−xTe2 are inversion-breaking, layered, tunable semimetals already under study as a promising platform for new electronics and recently proposed to host Type II, or strongly Lorentz-violating, Weyl fermions. Here we report the discovery of a Weyl semimetal in MoxW1−xTe2 at x=25%. We use pump-probe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (pump-probe ARPES) to directly observe a topological Fermi arc above the Fermi level, demonstrating a Weyl semimetal. The excellent agreement with calculation suggests that MoxW1−xTe2 is a Type II Weyl semimetal. We also find that certain Weyl points are at the Fermi level, making MoxW1−xTe2 a promising platform for transport and optics experiments on Weyl semimetals. A Type II Weyl fermion semimetal has been predicted in MoxW1−xTe2, but it awaits experimental evidence. Here, Belopolski et al. observe a topological Fermi arc in MoxW1−xTe2, showing it originates from a Type II Weyl fermion and offering a new platform to study novel transport phenomena in Weyl semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel S Sanchez
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yukiaki Ishida
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Xingchen Pan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Centre for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - You Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haijun Bu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guanghou Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Goki Eda
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- Centre for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.,NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Centre of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.,CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shik Shin
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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22
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Neupane M, Alidoust N, Hosen MM, Zhu JX, Dimitri K, Xu SY, Dhakal N, Sankar R, Belopolski I, Sanchez DS, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Miyamoto K, Okuda T, Lin H, Bansil A, Kaczorowski D, Chou F, Hasan MZ, Durakiewicz T. Observation of the spin-polarized surface state in a noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13315. [PMID: 27819655 PMCID: PMC5103058 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd has attracted considerable research interest due to the possibility of hosting topological superconductivity. Here we report a systematic high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and spin-resolved ARPES study of the normal state electronic and spin properties of BiPd. Our experimental results show the presence of a surface state at higher-binding energy with the location of Dirac point at around 700 meV below the Fermi level. The detailed photon energy, temperature-dependent and spin-resolved ARPES measurements complemented by our first-principles calculations demonstrate the existence of the spin-polarized surface states at high-binding energy. The absence of such spin-polarized surface states near the Fermi level negates the possibility of a topological superconducting behaviour on the surface. Our direct experimental observation of spin-polarized surface states in BiPd provides critical information that will guide the future search for topological superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M. Mofazzel Hosen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Klauss Dimitri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nagendra Dhakal
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel S. Sanchez
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Taichi Okuda
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tomasz Durakiewicz
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie - Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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23
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Pierce CF, Kiser JN, Hoff JL, Neupane M, White SN, Taylor JF, Neibergs HL. 0203 Identification of loci on chromosome 3 associated with susceptibility to bovine paratuberculosis using genotypes imputed to whole genome sequence in Holstein cows. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Mutch JL, Neupane M, Seabury CM, Neibergs HL, Tizioto PC, Garrick DJ, Kerley MS, Shike DW, Beever JE, Taylor JF, Johnson KA. 1496 Identification of biological pathways involved in residual feed intake in Hereford cattle through gene set enrichment analysis. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Mutch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman
| | - M. Neupane
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman
| | - C. M. Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - H. L. Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman
| | | | - D. J. Garrick
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames
| | | | | | | | | | - K. A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman
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25
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Neupane M, Hoff JL, Taylor JF, Seabury CM, Womack JE, Bovine T, Neibergs HL. 0753 Refinement of the DST locus associated with bovine respiratory disease complex in Holstein calves. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Neupane
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H. L. Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman
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26
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Keuter E, Seabury CM, Neupane M, Kiser JN, Moraes J, Burns G, Spencer TE, Neibergs HL. 0746 Identification of loci associated with fertility in United States Holstein heifers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Neupane M, Taylor JF, Seabury CM, Womack JE, Neibergs HL. 0287 Gene set enrichment analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex SNP data in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Xu SY, Liu C, Alidoust N, Neupane M, Qian D, Belopolski I, Denlinger JD, Wang YJ, Lin H, Wray LA, Landolt G, Slomski B, Dil JH, Marcinkova A, Morosan E, Gibson Q, Sankar R, Chou FC, Cava RJ, Bansil A, Hasan MZ. Corrigendum: Observation of a topological crystalline insulator phase and topological phase transition in Pb1-xSnxTe. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12505. [PMID: 27489130 PMCID: PMC5155670 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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29
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Neupane M, Mofazzel Hosen M, Belopolski I, Wakeham N, Dimitri K, Dhakal N, Zhu JX, Zahid Hasan M, Bauer ED, Ronning F. Observation of Dirac-like semi-metallic phase in NdSb. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:23LT02. [PMID: 27156499 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/23/23lt02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The search of new topological phases of matter is one of the new directions in condensed matter physics. Recent experimental realizations of Dirac semimetal phases pave the way to look for other exotic phases of matter in real materials. Here we present a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of NdSb, a potential candidate for hosting a Dirac semi-metal phase. Our studies reveal two hole-like Fermi surface pockets present at the zone center ([Formula: see text]) point as well as two elliptical electron-pockets present in the zone corner (X) point of the Brillouin zone (BZ). Interestingly, Dirac-like linearly dispersive states are observed about the zone corner (X) point in NdSb. Our first-principles calculations agree with the experimentally observed bands at the [Formula: see text] point. Moreover, the Dirac-like state observed in NdSb may be a novel correlated state, not yet predicted in calculations. Our study opens a new direction to look for Dirac semi-metal states in other members of the rare earth monopnictide family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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30
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Xu SY, Belopolski I, Sanchez DS, Neupane M, Chang G, Yaji K, Yuan Z, Zhang C, Kuroda K, Bian G, Guo C, Lu H, Chang TR, Alidoust N, Zheng H, Lee CC, Huang SM, Hsu CH, Jeng HT, Bansil A, Neupert T, Komori F, Kondo T, Shin S, Lin H, Jia S, Hasan MZ. Spin Polarization and Texture of the Fermi Arcs in the Weyl Fermion Semimetal TaAs. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:096801. [PMID: 26991191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.096801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A Weyl semimetal is a new state of matter that hosts Weyl fermions as quasiparticle excitations. The Weyl fermions at zero energy correspond to points of bulk-band degeneracy, called Weyl nodes, which are separated in momentum space and are connected only through the crystal's boundary by an exotic Fermi arc surface state. We experimentally measure the spin polarization of the Fermi arcs in the first experimentally discovered Weyl semimetal TaAs. Our spin data, for the first time, reveal that the Fermi arcs' spin-polarization magnitude is as large as 80% and lies completely in the plane of the surface. Moreover, we demonstrate that the chirality of the Weyl nodes in TaAs cannot be inferred by the spin texture of the Fermi arcs. The observed nondegenerate property of the Fermi arcs is important for establishing its exact topological nature, which reveals that spins on the arc form a novel type of 2D matter. Additionally, the nearly full spin polarization we observed (∼80%) may be useful in spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Xu
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel S Sanchez
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Koichiro Yaji
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Zhujun Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kenta Kuroda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Guang Bian
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Cheng Guo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Chuang-Han Hsu
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Titus Neupert
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Fumio Komori
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shik Shin
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Shuang Jia
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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31
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Zhang CL, Xu SY, Belopolski I, Yuan Z, Lin Z, Tong B, Bian G, Alidoust N, Lee CC, Huang SM, Chang TR, Chang G, Hsu CH, Jeng HT, Neupane M, Sanchez DS, Zheng H, Wang J, Lin H, Zhang C, Lu HZ, Shen SQ, Neupert T, Zahid Hasan M, Jia S. Signatures of the Adler-Bell-Jackiw chiral anomaly in a Weyl fermion semimetal. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10735. [PMID: 26911701 PMCID: PMC4773426 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Weyl semimetals provide the realization of Weyl fermions in solid-state physics. Among all the physical phenomena that are enabled by Weyl semimetals, the chiral anomaly is the most unusual one. Here, we report signatures of the chiral anomaly in the magneto-transport measurements on the first Weyl semimetal TaAs. We show negative magnetoresistance under parallel electric and magnetic fields, that is, unlike most metals whose resistivity increases under an external magnetic field, we observe that our high mobility TaAs samples become more conductive as a magnetic field is applied along the direction of the current for certain ranges of the field strength. We present systematically detailed data and careful analyses, which allow us to exclude other possible origins of the observed negative magnetoresistance. Our transport data, corroborated by photoemission measurements, first-principles calculations and theoretical analyses, collectively demonstrate signatures of the Weyl fermion chiral anomaly in the magneto-transport of TaAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Zhujun Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziquan Lin
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingbing Tong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Bian
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Chuang-Han Hsu
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Daniel S. Sanchez
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Chi Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shun-Qing Shen
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Titus Neupert
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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32
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Chang TR, Xu SY, Chang G, Lee CC, Huang SM, Wang B, Bian G, Zheng H, Sanchez DS, Belopolski I, Alidoust N, Neupane M, Bansil A, Jeng HT, Lin H, Zahid Hasan M. Prediction of an arc-tunable Weyl Fermion metallic state in Mo(x)W(1-x)Te2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10639. [PMID: 26875819 PMCID: PMC4756349 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A Weyl semimetal is a new state of matter that hosts Weyl fermions as emergent quasiparticles. The Weyl fermions correspond to isolated points of bulk band degeneracy, Weyl nodes, which are connected only through the crystal's boundary by exotic Fermi arcs. The length of the Fermi arc gives a measure of the topological strength, because the only way to destroy the Weyl nodes is to annihilate them in pairs in the reciprocal space. To date, Weyl semimetals are only realized in the TaAs class. Here, we propose a tunable Weyl state in Mo(x)W(1-x)Te2 where Weyl nodes are formed by touching points between metallic pockets. We show that the Fermi arc length can be changed as a function of Mo concentration, thus tuning the topological strength. Our results provide an experimentally feasible route to realizing Weyl physics in the layered compound Mo(x)W(1-x)Te2, where non-saturating magneto-resistance and pressure-driven superconductivity have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 30013 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore, Singapore
| | - BaoKai Wang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel S. Sanchez
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 New Mexico, USA
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts, USA
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 30013 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, USA
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33
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Belopolski I, Xu SY, Sanchez DS, Chang G, Guo C, Neupane M, Zheng H, Lee CC, Huang SM, Bian G, Alidoust N, Chang TR, Wang B, Zhang X, Bansil A, Jeng HT, Lin H, Jia S, Hasan MZ. Criteria for Directly Detecting Topological Fermi Arcs in Weyl Semimetals. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:066802. [PMID: 26919005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.066802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the first Weyl semimetal in TaAs provides the first observation of a Weyl fermion in nature and demonstrates a novel type of anomalous surface state, the Fermi arc. Like topological insulators, the bulk topological invariants of a Weyl semimetal are uniquely fixed by the surface states of a bulk sample. Here we present a set of distinct conditions, accessible by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), each of which demonstrates topological Fermi arcs in a surface state band structure, with minimal reliance on calculation. We apply these results to TaAs and NbP. For the first time, we rigorously demonstrate a nonzero Chern number in TaAs by counting chiral edge modes on a closed loop. We further show that it is unreasonable to directly observe Fermi arcs in NbP by ARPES within available experimental resolution and spectral linewidth. Our results are general and apply to any new material to demonstrate a Weyl semimetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Belopolski
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel S Sanchez
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Cheng Guo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Guang Bian
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - BaoKai Wang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shuang Jia
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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34
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Huang SM, Xu SY, Belopolski I, Lee CC, Chang G, Chang TR, Wang B, Alidoust N, Bian G, Neupane M, Sanchez D, Zheng H, Jeng HT, Bansil A, Neupert T, Lin H, Hasan MZ. New type of Weyl semimetal with quadratic double Weyl fermions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1180-5. [PMID: 26787914 PMCID: PMC4747715 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514581113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weyl semimetals have attracted worldwide attention due to their wide range of exotic properties predicted in theories. The experimental realization had remained elusive for a long time despite much effort. Very recently, the first Weyl semimetal has been discovered in an inversion-breaking, stoichiometric solid TaAs. So far, the TaAs class remains the only Weyl semimetal available in real materials. To facilitate the transition of Weyl semimetals from the realm of purely theoretical interest to the realm of experimental studies and device applications, it is of crucial importance to identify other robust candidates that are experimentally feasible to be realized. In this paper, we propose such a Weyl semimetal candidate in an inversion-breaking, stoichiometric compound strontium silicide, SrSi2, with many new and novel properties that are distinct from TaAs. We show that SrSi2 is a Weyl semimetal even without spin-orbit coupling and that, after the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling, two Weyl fermions stick together forming an exotic double Weyl fermion with quadratic dispersions and a higher chiral charge of ±2. Moreover, we find that the Weyl nodes with opposite charges are located at different energies due to the absence of mirror symmetry in SrSi2, paving the way for the realization of the chiral magnetic effect. Our systematic results not only identify a much-needed robust Weyl semimetal candidate but also open the door to new topological Weyl physics that is not possible in TaAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - BaoKai Wang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542; Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Daniel Sanchez
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Hao Zheng
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Titus Neupert
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542;
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
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35
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Bian G, Chang TR, Sankar R, Xu SY, Zheng H, Neupert T, Chiu CK, Huang SM, Chang G, Belopolski I, Sanchez DS, Neupane M, Alidoust N, Liu C, Wang B, Lee CC, Jeng HT, Zhang C, Yuan Z, Jia S, Bansil A, Chou F, Lin H, Hasan MZ. Topological nodal-line fermions in spin-orbit metal PbTaSe2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10556. [PMID: 26829889 PMCID: PMC4740879 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological semimetals can support one-dimensional Fermi lines or zero-dimensional Weyl points in momentum space, where the valence and conduction bands touch. While the degeneracy points in Weyl semimetals are robust against any perturbation that preserves translational symmetry, nodal lines require protection by additional crystalline symmetries such as mirror reflection. Here we report, based on a systematic theoretical study and a detailed experimental characterization, the existence of topological nodal-line states in the non-centrosymmetric compound PbTaSe2 with strong spin-orbit coupling. Remarkably, the spin-orbit nodal lines in PbTaSe2 are not only protected by the reflection symmetry but also characterized by an integer topological invariant. Our detailed angle-resolved photoemission measurements, first-principles simulations and theoretical topological analysis illustrate the physical mechanism underlying the formation of the topological nodal-line states and associated surface states for the first time, thus paving the way towards exploring the exotic properties of the topological nodal-line fermions in condensed matter systems. Nodal-line shaped bands appearing near the Fermi level host unique properties in topological matter, which has yet to be confirmed in real materials. Here, the authors report the existence of topological nodal-line states in the non-centrosymmetric single-crystalline spin-orbit semimetal PbTaSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Bian
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Titus Neupert
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ching-Kai Chiu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Shin-Ming Huang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel S Sanchez
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - BaoKai Wang
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhujun Yuan
- ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Jia
- ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Department of Physics, Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy (B7), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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36
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Neupane M, Xu SY, Ishida Y, Jia S, Fregoso BM, Liu C, Belopolski I, Bian G, Alidoust N, Durakiewicz T, Galitski V, Shin S, Cava RJ, Hasan MZ. Gigantic surface lifetime of an intrinsic topological insulator. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:116801. [PMID: 26406846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.116801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between light and novel two-dimensional electronic states holds promise to realize new fundamental physics and optical devices. Here, we use pump-probe photoemission spectroscopy to study the optically excited Dirac surface states in the bulk-insulating topological insulator Bi_{2}Te_{2}Se and reveal optical properties that are in sharp contrast to those of bulk-metallic topological insulators. We observe a gigantic optical lifetime exceeding 4 μs (1 μs=10^{-6} s) for the surface states in Bi_{2}Te_{2}Se, whereas the lifetime in most topological insulators, such as Bi_{2}Se_{3}, has been limited to a few picoseconds (1 ps=10^{-12} s). Moreover, we discover a surface photovoltage, a shift of the chemical potential of the Dirac surface states, as large as 100 mV. Our results demonstrate a rare platform to study charge excitation and relaxation in energy and momentum space in a two-dimensional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Neupane
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yukiaki Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shuang Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Benjamin M Fregoso
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tomasz Durakiewicz
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Victor Galitski
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- School of Physics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shik Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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37
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Xu SY, Belopolski I, Alidoust N, Neupane M, Bian G, Zhang C, Sankar R, Chang G, Yuan Z, Lee CC, Huang SM, Zheng H, Ma J, Sanchez DS, Wang B, Bansil A, Chou F, Shibayev PP, Lin H, Jia S, Hasan MZ. Discovery of a Weyl fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs. Science 2015; 349:613-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2400] [Impact Index Per Article: 266.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Huang SM, Xu SY, Belopolski I, Lee CC, Chang G, Wang B, Alidoust N, Bian G, Neupane M, Zhang C, Jia S, Bansil A, Lin H, Hasan MZ. A Weyl Fermion semimetal with surface Fermi arcs in the transition metal monopnictide TaAs class. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7373. [PMID: 26067579 PMCID: PMC4490374 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weyl fermions are massless chiral fermions that play an important role in quantum field theory but have never been observed as fundamental particles. A Weyl semimetal is an unusual crystal that hosts Weyl fermions as quasiparticle excitations and features Fermi arcs on its surface. Such a semimetal not only provides a condensed matter realization of the anomalies in quantum field theories but also demonstrates the topological classification beyond the gapped topological insulators. Here, we identify a topological Weyl semimetal state in the transition metal monopnictide materials class. Our first-principles calculations on TaAs reveal its bulk Weyl fermion cones and surface Fermi arcs. Our results show that in the TaAs-type materials the Weyl semimetal state does not depend on fine-tuning of chemical composition or magnetic order, which opens the door for the experimental realization of Weyl semimetals and Fermi arc surface states in real materials. Proposals for the realization of Weyl semimetals, topologically non-trivial materials which host Weyl fermion quasiparticles, have faced demanding experimental requirements. Here, the authors predict such a state in stoichiometric TaAs, arising due to the breaking of inversion symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ming Huang
- 1] Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore [2] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- 1] Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore [2] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Guoqing Chang
- 1] Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore [2] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - BaoKai Wang
- 1] Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore [2] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore [3] Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [3] Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Jia
- 1] ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hsin Lin
- 1] Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore [2] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [3] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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39
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Abstract
We report transport measurement in zero and applied magnetic field on a single crystal of NbAs. Transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance in the plane of this tetragonal structure does not saturate up to 9 T. In the transverse configuration (H ∥ c, I ⊥ c) it is 230,000% at 2 K. The Hall coefficient changes sign from hole-like at room temperature to electron-like below ∼150 K. The electron carrier density and mobility calculated at 2 K based on a single band approximation are 1.8 × 10(19) cm(-3) and 3.5 × 10(5) cm(2) Vs(-1), respectively. These values are similar to reported values for TaAs and NbP, and further emphasize that this class of noncentrosymmetric, transition-metal monopnictides is a promising family to explore the properties of Weyl semimetals and the consequences of their novel electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ghimire
- Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
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40
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Xu SY, Neupane M, Belopolski I, Liu C, Alidoust N, Bian G, Jia S, Landolt G, Slomski B, Dil JH, Shibayev PP, Basak S, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Cava RJ, Lin H, Bansil A, Hasan MZ. Unconventional transformation of spin Dirac phase across a topological quantum phase transition. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6870. [PMID: 25882717 PMCID: PMC4410671 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The topology of a topological material can be encoded in its surface states. These surface states can only be removed by a bulk topological quantum phase transition into a trivial phase. Here we use photoemission spectroscopy to image the formation of protected surface states in a topological insulator as we chemically tune the system through a topological transition. Surprisingly, we discover an exotic spin-momentum locked, gapped surface state in the trivial phase that shares many important properties with the actual topological surface state in anticipation of the change of topology. Using a spin-resolved measurement, we show that apart from a surface bandgap these states develop spin textures similar to the topological surface states well before the transition. Our results offer a general paradigm for understanding how surface states in topological phases arise from a quantum phase transition and are suggestive for the future realization of Weyl arcs, condensed matter supersymmetry and other fascinating phenomena in the vicinity of a quantum criticality. In topological insulators, topology imposes a quantum phase transition between the trivial and nontrivial phases. Here, Xu et al. demonstrate how properties of the topological surface states emerge in the trivial phase of BiTl(S1-δSeδ)2 when close to its chemically tuned phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Xu
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gabriel Landolt
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] Physik-Institute, Universitat Zurich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Batosz Slomski
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] Physik-Institute, Universitat Zurich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Hugo Dil
- 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] Physik-Institute, Universitat Zurich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland [3] Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédeérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pavel P Shibayev
- Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Susmita Basak
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- 1] Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan [2] Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hsin Lin
- Graphene Research Centre and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11754, Singapore
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- 1] Department of Physics, Joseph Henry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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41
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Neupane M, Xu SY, Alidoust N, Bian G, Kim DJ, Liu C, Belopolski I, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Durakiewicz T, Lin H, Bansil A, Fisk Z, Hasan MZ. Non-Kondo-like electronic structure in the correlated rare-earth hexaboride YbB(6). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:016403. [PMID: 25615485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.016403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present angle-resolved photoemission studies on the rare-earth-hexaboride YbB(6), which has recently been predicted to be a topological Kondo insulator. Our data do not agree with the prediction and instead show that YbB(6) exhibits a novel topological insulator state in the absence of a Kondo mechanism. We find that the Fermi level electronic structure of YbB(6) has three 2D Dirac cone like surface states enclosing the Kramers's points, while the f orbital that would be relevant for the Kondo mechanism is ∼1 eV below the Fermi level. Our first-principles calculation shows that the topological state that we observe in YbB(6) is due to an inversion between Yb d and B p bands. These experimental and theoretical results provide a new approach for realizing novel correlated topological insulator states in rare-earth materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Neupane
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - I Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - T-R Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - H-T Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan and Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Durakiewicz
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lin
- Graphene Research Centre, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - A Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Z Fisk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Z Hasan
- Joseph Henry Laboratory and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA and Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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42
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Xu SY, Liu C, Kushwaha SK, Sankar R, Krizan JW, Belopolski I, Neupane M, Bian G, Alidoust N, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Huang CY, Tsai WF, Lin H, Shibayev PP, Chou FC, Cava RJ, Hasan MZ. Observation of Fermi arc surface states in a topological metal. Science 2014; 347:294-8. [PMID: 25593189 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The topology of the electronic structure of a crystal is manifested in its surface states. Recently, a distinct topological state has been proposed in metals or semimetals whose spin-orbit band structure features three-dimensional Dirac quasiparticles. We used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to experimentally observe a pair of spin-polarized Fermi arc surface states on the surface of the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi at its native chemical potential. Our systematic results collectively identify a topological phase in a gapless material. The observed Fermi arc surface states open research frontiers in fundamental physics and possibly in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Satya K Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jason W Krizan
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Graphene Research Centre and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore 117542
| | - Pavel P Shibayev
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Fang-Cheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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43
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Alidoust N, Bian G, Xu SY, Sankar R, Neupane M, Liu C, Belopolski I, Qu DX, Denlinger JD, Chou FC, Hasan MZ. Erratum: Observation of monolayer valence band spin-orbit effect and induced quantum well states in MoX2. Nat Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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44
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Alidoust N, Bian G, Xu SY, Sankar R, Neupane M, Liu C, Belopolski I, Qu DX, Denlinger JD, Chou FC, Hasan MZ. Observation of monolayer valence band spin-orbit effect and induced quantum well states in MoX2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4673. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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45
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Neupane M, Richardella A, Sánchez-Barriga J, Xu S, Alidoust N, Belopolski I, Liu C, Bian G, Zhang D, Marchenko D, Varykhalov A, Rader O, Leandersson M, Balasubramanian T, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Basak S, Lin H, Bansil A, Samarth N, Hasan MZ. Observation of quantum-tunnelling-modulated spin texture in ultrathin topological insulator Bi2Se3 films. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3841. [PMID: 24815418 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spin-texture behaviour of boundary modes in ultrathin topological insulator films is critically essential for the design and fabrication of functional nanodevices. Here, by using spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with p-polarized light in topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films, we report tunnelling-dependent evolution of spin configuration in topological insulator thin films across the metal-to-insulator transition. We report a systematic binding energy- and wavevector-dependent spin polarization for the topological surface electrons in the ultrathin gapped-Dirac-cone limit. The polarization decreases significantly with enhanced tunnelling realized systematically in thin insulating films, whereas magnitude of the polarization saturates to the bulk limit faster at larger wavevectors in thicker metallic films. We present a theoretical model that captures this delicate relationship between quantum tunnelling and Fermi surface spin polarization. Our high-resolution spin-based spectroscopic results suggest that the polarization current can be tuned to zero in thin insulating films forming the basis for a future spin-switch nanodevice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Neupane
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Anthony Richardella
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jaime Sánchez-Barriga
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - SuYang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Duming Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Dmitry Marchenko
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany [2] Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrei Varykhalov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Rader
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- 1] Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan [2] Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Susmita Basak
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hsin Lin
- Graphene Research Centre, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nitin Samarth
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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46
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Neupane M, Xu SY, Sankar R, Alidoust N, Bian G, Liu C, Belopolski I, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Lin H, Bansil A, Chou F, Hasan MZ. Observation of a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal phase in high-mobility Cd3As2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3786. [PMID: 24807399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-broken three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetal systems with strong spin-orbit coupling can host many exotic Hall-like phenomena and Weyl fermion quantum transport. Here, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we performed systematic electronic structure studies on Cd3As2, which has been predicted to be the parent material, from which many unusual topological phases can be derived. We observe a highly linear bulk band crossing to form a 3D dispersive Dirac cone projected at the Brillouin zone centre by studying the (001)-cleaved surface. Remarkably, an unusually high in-plane Fermi velocity up to 1.5×10(6) ms(-1) is observed in our samples, where the mobility is known up to 40,000 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), suggesting that Cd3As2 can be a promising candidate as an anisotropic-hypercone (three-dimensional) high spin-orbit analogue of 3D graphene. Our discovery of the Dirac-like bulk topological semimetal phase in Cd3As2 opens the door for exploring higher dimensional spin-orbit Dirac physics in a real material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Neupane
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2]
| | - Su-Yang Xu
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2]
| | - Raman Sankar
- 1] Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2]
| | - Nasser Alidoust
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Guang Bian
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilya Belopolski
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- 1] Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan [2] Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Lin
- Graphene Research Centre, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M Zahid Hasan
- 1] Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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47
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Hajlaoui M, Papalazarou E, Mauchain J, Perfetti L, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Navarin F, Monteverde M, Auban-Senzier P, Pasquier C, Moisan N, Boschetto D, Neupane M, Hasan M, Durakiewicz T, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Miotkowski I, Chen Y, Jia S, Ji H, Cava R, Marsi M. Tuning a Schottky barrier in a photoexcited topological insulator with transient Dirac cone electron-hole asymmetry. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3003. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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48
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Okada Y, Serbyn M, Lin H, Walkup D, Zhou W, Dhital C, Neupane M, Xu S, Wang YJ, Sankar R, Chou F, Bansil A, Hasan MZ, Wilson SD, Fu L, Madhavan V. Observation of Dirac Node Formation and Mass Acquisition in a Topological Crystalline Insulator. Science 2013; 341:1496-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1239451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
- World Premier International–Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Maksym Serbyn
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139,USA
| | - Hsin Lin
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Walkup
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Chetan Dhital
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Suyang Xu
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yung Jui Wang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R. Sankar
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fangcheng Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Arun Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139,USA
| | - Vidya Madhavan
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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49
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Wray LA, Xu S, Neupane M, Fedorov AV, Hor YS, Cava RJ, Hasan MZ. Chemically gated electronic structure of a superconducting doped topological insulator system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/449/1/012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Prajapati R, Baral B, Karki KB, Neupane M. Perception of security by health workforce at workplace in Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2013; 11:153-157. [PMID: 24362604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Nepal, the relationship of health worker and patient or community people is now deteriorating and the security and safety of health worker is becoming emerging issues. The poor relationship between community people and health worker is hampering the health service especially in rural setting. This study was aimed at finding the security perception and situation of health workforce in Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Out of 404 sample health institutions, 747 health workforce from 375 health institutions were interviewed (<10% non-response rate) using the probability proportionate to size method as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. RESULTS Nearly 168 (23%) of health workers felt some level of insecurity at their workplace. Mostly, doctors felt insecure at their workplace 24 (30%) and argued with service users , 26 (32.50%). Feeling of security was highest in central region 160 (83.30%). Nationwide, 121 (16%) of health workers faced some level of arguments with service users, which was highest in Tarai 64 (18.08%). Of the total harassment, both gender based and sexual harassment was higher among female health workers [20 (62.5%) and 13 (56.5%) respectively]. Only, 230 (30.7%) of health workers who suffered from workplace accidents got compensation and treatment. CONCLUSIONS Higher proportions of health workers feel insecurity at workplace whereas provision of compensation was minimal. There is a need of strict implementation of Security of the Health Workers and Health Organizations Act, 2066 (2009) for effective health service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prajapati
- Society for Local Integrated Development Nepal (SOLID Nepal)
| | - B Baral
- Society for Local Integrated Development Nepal (SOLID Nepal)
| | - K B Karki
- Society for Local Integrated Development Nepal (SOLID Nepal)
| | - M Neupane
- Society for Local Integrated Development Nepal (SOLID Nepal)
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