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Kaiyrzhanov R, Zaki MS, Lau T, Sen S, Azizimalamiri R, Zamani M, Sayin GY, Hilander T, Efthymiou S, Chelban V, Brown R, Thompson K, Scarano MI, Ganesh J, Koneev K, Gülaçar IM, Person R, Sadykova D, Maidyrov Y, Seifi T, Zadagali A, Bernard G, Allis K, Elloumi HZ, Lindy A, Taghiabadi E, Verma S, Logan R, Kirmse B, Bai R, Khalaf SM, Abdel‐Hamid MS, Sedaghat A, Shariati G, Issa M, Zeighami J, Elbendary HM, Brown G, Taylor RW, Galehdari H, Gleeson JJ, Carroll CJ, Cowan JA, Moreno‐De‐Luca A, Houlden H, Maroofian R. Phenotypic continuum of NFU1-related disorders. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:2025-2035. [PMID: 36256512 PMCID: PMC9735368 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic variants in Iron-Sulfur Cluster Scaffold (NFU1) have previously been associated with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1 (MMDS1) characterized by early-onset rapidly fatal leukoencephalopathy. We report 19 affected individuals from 10 independent families with ultra-rare bi-allelic NFU1 missense variants associated with a spectrum of early-onset pure to complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) phenotype with a longer survival (16/19) on one end and neurodevelopmental delay with severe hypotonia (3/19) on the other. Reversible or irreversible neurological decompensation after a febrile illness was common in the cohort, and there were invariable white matter abnormalities on neuroimaging. The study suggests that MMDS1 and HSP could be the two ends of the NFU1-related phenotypic continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Maha S. Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics DepartmentNational Research CentreCairoEgypt
| | - Tracy Lau
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th AvenueColumbusOhio43210USA
| | - Reza Azizimalamiri
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Golestan, Medical, Educational, and Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Gözde Yeşil Sayin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbul34098Turkey
| | - Taru Hilander
- Genetics Section, Molecular and Clinical SciencesSt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Viorica Chelban
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Ruth Brown
- Oxford Medical Genetics LaboratoriesThe Churchill HospitalOxfordOX3 7LJUK
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Maria Irene Scarano
- Division of Genetics, Cooper Health SystemChildren's Regional HospitalSheridan Pavilion CamdenNew Jersy08103USA
| | - Jaya Ganesh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kairgali Koneev
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryAsfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan
| | - Ismail Musab Gülaçar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbul34098Turkey
- Department of GeneticsInstitute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul34098Turkey
| | | | | | - Yerdan Maidyrov
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryAsfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical UniversityAlmaty050000Kazakhstan
| | - Tahereh Seifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Aizhan Zadagali
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityNur‐SultanKazakhstan
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department Specialized MedicineMcGill University Health CentreMontrealCanada
- Child Health and Human Development ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealCanada
| | | | | | | | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sumit Verma
- Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineGeorgiaAtlantaUSA
| | - Rachel Logan
- Division of NeurosciencesChildren's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Brian Kirmse
- Division of GeneticsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | | | | | - Mohamed S. Abdel‐Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics DepartmentHuman Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research CentreCairoEgypt
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis LaboratoryEast Mihan Ave., KianparsAhvazIran
| | - Mahmoud Issa
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics DepartmentNational Research CentreCairoEgypt
| | - Jawaher Zeighami
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis LaboratoryEast Mihan Ave., KianparsAhvazIran
| | - Hasnaa M. Elbendary
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics DepartmentNational Research CentreCairoEgypt
| | - Garry Brown
- Oxford Medical Genetics LaboratoriesThe Churchill HospitalOxfordOX3 7LJUK
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial DisordersNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneNE1 4LPUK
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Joseph J. Gleeson
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia92093USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic MedicineSan DiegoCalifornia92025USA
| | - Christopher J. Carroll
- Genetics Section, Molecular and Clinical SciencesSt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - James A. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th AvenueColumbusOhio43210USA
| | - Andres Moreno‐De‐Luca
- Department of RadiologyAutism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Genomic Medicine InstituteGeisingerDanvillePennsylvania17822USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonWC1N 3BGUK
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Abstract
This review highlights the current knowledge of epigenetic targets of anticancer therapy and outlines the current limitations of epigenetic approaches and the difficulties in defining preventive tools and strategies. Promising strategies towards achieving the goal of developing effective epigenetic treatments are discussed, including restoration or enhancement of sensitivity to other treatment modalities, and combinations with other agents and new therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Vogiatzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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3
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Abstract
A long path, initiated more than 40 years ago, has led to a deeper understanding of the complexity of gene regulation in eukaryotic genomes. In addition to genetic mechanisms, the imbalance in the epigenetic control of gene expression may profoundly alter the finely tuned machinery leading to gene regulation. Here, we review the impact of the studies on DNA methylation, the "primadonna" in the epigenetic scenario, on the understanding of basic phenomena, such as X inactivation and genomic imprinting. The effect of deregulation of DNA methylation on human health, will be also discussed. Finally, an attempt to predict future directions of this rapidly evolving field has been proposed, with the certainty that, fortunately, science is always better than predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irene Scarano
- Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Di Somma S, Di Benedetto MP, Salvatore G, Agozzino L, Ferranti F, Esposito S, La Dogana P, Scarano MI, Caputo G, Cotrufo M, Santo LD, de Divitiis O. Desmin-free cardiomyocytes and myocardial dysfunction in end stage heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2004; 6:389-98. [PMID: 15182762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2002] [Revised: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the desmin content in the myocardial tissue of patients with end-stage heart failure of ischaemic origin and to assess its role on cardiac function. We studied 18 explanted hearts from patients transplanted for end-stage heart failure due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Control myocardial tissue was obtained from the cardiac biopsies of six women with breast cancer taken prior to commencing chemotherapy with anthracyclines, four male donors for heart transplantation and two autoptic hearts from patients who died due to non-cardiac events. Myocardial tissue, obtained from the left ventricle (remote zone from infarcted area), was analyzed by light and confocal immunochemistry (desmin) microscopy. The desmin content of myocardial tissue was obtained by real-time PCR. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic and right heart catheterization data, obtained before heart transplantation. Confocal microscopy evaluation showed a significant decrease in the number of desmin-positive myocytes (P<0.01) in ICM hearts compared to controls. At real-time PCR evaluation, there was a reduction (P<0.01) in desmin content in the ICM patients compared to controls. A negative correlation was found between desmin-free cardiomyocytes and ejection fraction (EF) (r=-0.834; P<0.02) on echocardiogram. A negative relationship (r=-0.688) was also found between desmin-negative myocytes and capillary wedge pressure. In conclusion, the myocardial tissue of patients with end-stage heart failure of ischaemic origin, shows a decreased number in desmin-positive myocytes at immunochemistry evaluation compared to normal individuals. This deficiency in cytoskeletal intermediate filament content is associated with reduced cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Somma
- Medical Department, II Medical School University La Sapienza, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Sieber OM, Lamlum H, Crabtree MD, Rowan AJ, Barclay E, Lipton L, Hodgson S, Thomas HJW, Neale K, Phillips RKS, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG, Mueller HJ, Bisgaard ML, Bulow S, Fidalgo P, Albuquerque C, Scarano MI, Bodmer W, Tomlinson IPM, Heinimann K. Whole-gene APC deletions cause classical familial adenomatous polyposis, but not attenuated polyposis or "multiple" colorectal adenomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:2954-8. [PMID: 11867715 PMCID: PMC122454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.042699199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a dominantly inherited colorectal tumor predisposition that results from germ-line mutations in the APC gene (chromosome 5q21). FAP shows substantial phenotypic variability: classical polyposis patients develop more than 100 colorectal adenomas, whereas those with attenuated polyposis (AAPC) have fewer than 100 adenomas. A further group of individuals, so-called "multiple" adenoma patients, have a phenotype like AAPC, with 3-99 polyps throughout the colorectum, but mostly have no demonstrable germ-line APC mutation. Routine mutation detection techniques fail to detect a pathogenic APC germ-line mutation in approximately 30% of patients with classical polyposis and 90% of those with AAPC/multiple adenomas. We have developed a real-time quantitative multiplex PCR assay to detect APC exon 14 deletions. When this technique was applied to a set of 60 classical polyposis and 143 AAPC/multiple adenoma patients with no apparent APC germ-line mutation, deletions were found exclusively in individuals with classical polyposis (7 of 60, 12%). Fine-mapping of the region suggested that the majority (6 of 7) of these deletions encompassed the entire APC locus, confirming that haploinsufficiency can result in a classical polyposis phenotype. Screening for germ-line deletions in APC mutation-negative individuals with classical polyposis seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Sieber
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
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6
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Capasso L, Lombari P, Scarano MI, Izzo P, D'Ambrosio R, Iannucci A, Formisano V, Lombari C. [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: case report and update on diagnosis and treatment]. MINERVA CHIR 2001; 56:643-7. [PMID: 11721206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited condition with an incidence of 1/120.000 liveborns, characterized by the presence of hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps and mucocutaneous pigmentation. This syndrome predisposes to various clinical problems such as intussusception and cancer development in different loci (gastrointestinal tract, breast and ovary). For this reason, PJS patients should undergo a surveillance protocol of the genital and gastrointestinal apparatus. Therefore, the early diagnosis of PJS in at-risk family members is very important in preventing cancer development. Germline mutations within the LKB1 or Serine Threonine Kinase (STK11) gene, located on chromosome 19p13.3, are responsible for most cases of PJS so far studied. The existence of a second locus is suspected on chromosome 19q13.4 in a minority of families. The LKB1 gene, recently cloned, encodes the Serine Threonine Kinase LKB1 and is ubiquitously expressed. The identification of the disease-causing mutation in each family makes it possible to perform a presymptomatic diagnosis; therefore, only the mutation carriers will undergo the clinical surveillance program. In this paper, the case of a PJS patient who has been surgically treated is presented. The DNA screening of the LKB1 gene in this patient has led to the identification of the causing mutation. A critical review of the literature and is also presented as well as the proposal to establish an Italian Registry of PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Capasso
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale, U. O. di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica e di Alta Specializzazione, Ospedale Civile, Caserta, Italy
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7
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Ponz de Leon M, Varesco L, Benatti P, Sassatelli R, Izzo P, Scarano MI, Rossi GB, Di Gregorio C, Gismondi V, Percesepe A, de Rosa M, Roncucci L. Phenotype-genotype correlations in an extended family with adenomatosis coli and an unusual APC gene mutation. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:1597-604. [PMID: 11711730 DOI: 10.1007/bf02234378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genotype-phenotype correlations in familial adenomatous polyposis are only partially understood and, in particular, little is known about the biomolecular characteristics of desmoid tumors, which are one of the most serious and frequent manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis. In the present study, we describe a family with familial adenomatous polyposis, with peculiar clinical characteristics (i.e., frequency and severity of desmoid neoplasms) associated with an unusual mutation of the adenomatosis polyposis coli gene. If confirmed by other investigations, these findings might help to understand the biologic mechanisms by which specific adenomatosis polyposis coli mutations predispose to desmoid tumors. METHODS The family with familial adenomatous polyposis, living in southern Italy, was studied from 1985 to the end of 1999; at this date, 15 individuals have been affected by histologically verified familial adenomatous polyposis, 11 of whom had desmoid tumors. A total of 19 family members were studied for adenomatosis polyposis coli gene mutations; 13 of them tested positive and 6 negative. The analytical procedure-previously described-consisted of the extraction of peripheral blood cell DNA, amplification of exon 15 by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing of the DNA fragment containing the mutation. RESULTS The main clinical features of the family were 1) a high frequency of desmoid tumors and, consequently, a high penetrance of the desmoid trait in all branches of the family and in 11 (73.3 percent) of 15 affected individuals and 2) severity of desmoids in at least 4 family members, 2 of whom died for causes related to the presence of these tumors. The molecular basis of the disease was an uncommon mutation of the adenomatosis polyposis coli gene, consisting of a large deletion of 310 base pairs at codon 1,464, with duplication of the breakpoint (4,394ins15del310), leading to a stop codon at position 1,575. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that a truncating mutation in the adenomatosis polyposis coli gene at the beginning of the region frequently associated with desmoids induced a familial adenomatous polyposis phenotype featured by a high penetrance of the desmoid trait, with severe disease in several affected members of both sexes. The study may help to understand the biologic mechanisms of genotype-phenotype correlations in adenomatosis coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ponz de Leon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Modena, Modena, Italy
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8
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Carlomagno N, Scarano MI, Gargiulo S, De Rosa M, Panariello L, Izzo P, Renda A. [Familial colonic polyposis: effect of molecular analysis on the diagnostic-therapeutic approach]. Ann Ital Chir 2001; 72:207-14. [PMID: 11552476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations of the Adenomatous polyposis gene (APC) are responsible for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), an inherited condition that predisposes to the development of hundreds to thousands benign adenomas in the colo-rectum. If not surgically removed, they inevitably progress into malignant adenocarcinoma. To date more than 450 germline mutations have been described allowing the establishment of genotype/phenotype correlation between the site and type of molecular defects and their morbid consequences. Authors reviewed their experience concerning 22 FAP affected patients and their 26 first degree relatives, in whom the mutational analysis of the APC gene had been carried out. Site and type of mutations were associated with clinical parameters (age of onset, rectal involvement, extracolonic manifestations, presence of colorectal cancer) and treatments. The impact of mutational analyses on the clinical approach could be very interesting in the future, modifying both surveillance programs and therapeutical choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Carlomagno
- Chirurgia Generale ad Indirizzo Addominale, Università Federico II, Napoli.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Scarano
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotechnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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10
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Scarano MI, De Rosa M, Panariello L, Carlomagno N, Riegler G, Rossi GB, Bucci L, Pesce G, Toni F, Renda A, Izzo P. Familial adenomatous polyposis coli: five novel mutations in exon 15 of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in Italian patients. Mutations in brief no. 225. Online. Hum Mutat 2000; 13:256-7. [PMID: 10090483 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1999)13:3<256::aid-humu12>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations within the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, a tumor suppressor gene, are responsible for most cases of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominantly inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer. To date, more than 300 germ-line causative mutations within this gene have been described (Beroud and Soussi, 1996). Of these, about 95% are chain-terminating mutations, and more than 60% have been localized within exon 15 (Nagase and Nakamura, 1993, Beroud and Soussi, 1996). Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism, protein truncation test (PTT) and DNA sequencing we have identified five new frameshift mutations (2523insCTTA, 2638delA, 2803insA, 3185delAA, 4145delTCATGT), all occurring within exon 15 and giving rise to truncated protein products. Two of these new mutations are of particular interest because of the unusual phenotypic features shown by probands. The phenotype of the proband bearing the 2523insCTTA mutation at codon 842 was very aggressive with onset of the symptoms at 12 years, while the patient bearing the 3185delAA mutation at codon 1062 exhibited features of an attenuated form of FAP (AAPC). Our data reiterate the great heterogeneity of the mutational spectrum in FAP that gives rise to an extreme variability of the clinical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Scarano
- Dip. Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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11
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De Rosa M, Fasano C, Panariello L, Scarano MI, Belli G, Iannelli A, Ciciliano F, Izzo P. Evidence for a recessive inheritance of Turcot's syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations within the PMS2 gene. Oncogene 2000; 19:1719-23. [PMID: 10763829 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Turcot's syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by the concurrence of primary brain tumors and colon cancers and/or multiple colorectal adenomas. We report a Turcot family with no parental consanguinity, in which two affected sisters, with no history of tumors in their parents, died of a brain tumor and of a colorectal tumor, respectively, at a very early age. The proband had a severe microsatellite instability (MIN) phenotype in both tumor and normal colon mucosa, and mutations in the TGFbeta-RII and APC genes in the colorectal tumor. We identified two germline mutations within the PMS2 gene: a G deletion (1221delG) in exon 11 and a four-base-pair deletion (2361delCTTC) in exon 14, both of which were inherited from the patient's unaffected parents. These results represent the first evidence that two germline frameshift mutations in PMS2, an MMR gene which is only rarely involved in HNPCC, are not pathogenic per se, but become so when occurring together in a compound heterozygote. The compound heterozygosity for two mutations in the PMS2 gene has implications for the role of protein PMS2 in the mismatch repair mechanism, as well as for the presymptomatic molecular diagnosis of at-risk family members. Furthermore, our data support and enlarge the notion that high DNA instability in normal tissues might trigger the development of cancer in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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12
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Panariello L, Scarano MI, de Rosa M, Capasso L, Renda A, Riegler G, Rossi GB, Salvatore F, Izzo P. hMLH1 mutations in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer kindreds. Mutations in brief no. 182. Online. Hum Mutat 2000; 12:216-7. [PMID: 10660333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectral cancer (HNPCC), an autosomal dominantly inherited predisposition for early onset colorectal cancer, accounts for at least 6% of all colorectal malignancies. HNPCC results from germ-line mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1 and hPMS2) and is associated with a high rate of replication errors in tumor cells. Using PCR-SSCP, the protein truncation test and DNA sequencing we have analyzed the hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes in 10 Italian families that met the standard diagnostic criteria for HNPCC. We have identified three new mutations in the hMLH1 gene. One mutation consists in a deletion of one base pair at nucleotide 954 (954delC) in exon 11 that creates an early stop at codon 366 and is predicted to abolish normal protein function. The other two are missense mutations. Cys77Arg and Ser193Pro, that cause dramatic amino acid substitutions in two highly conserved MLH domains. The Cys77Arg mutation occurs within a domain (1-114 residues) that is very critical for MMR function. The Ser193Pro mutation occurs in a highly conserved central region of the MLH1 protein. No functional domains have yet been identified in this region. All mutant alleles cosegregate with the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Panariello
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotechologie Avanzate, Universitá degli Studi "Fdererico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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De Rosa M, Scarano MI, Panariello L, Carlomagno N, Rossi GB, Tempesta A, Borgheresi P, Renda A, Izzo P. Three submicroscopic deletions at the APC locus and their rapid detection by quantitative-PCR analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 1999; 7:695-703. [PMID: 10482959 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe three unrelated kindreds, affected by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), with 5q submicroscopic deletions that encompass the entire adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and the adjacent DP1 gene. In one family the deletion encompasses also the MCC (mutated in colon cancer) gene. Affected members of these families had dysplastic adenomatous polyps and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE); no individual was affected by mental retardation or facial dysmorphism. The deletions were detected by linkage analysis with several intragenic and closely flanking polymorphic markers and confirmed by a quantitative PCR analysis. This procedure could have an impact on the detection of the molecular defect in FAP patients in whom mutational analysis fails to identify the specific mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Rosa
- Dipartimento Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche and CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Santamaria R, Scarano MI, Esposito G, Chiandetti L, Izzo P, Salvatore F. The molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance in Italian children. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1993; 31:675-8. [PMID: 8292669 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1993.31.10.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular defects of the aldolase B gene in five unrelated patients affected by hereditary fructose intolerance. The techniques used were DNA amplification, direct sequencing and allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization. The most frequent substitutions found in the hereditary fructose intolerance alleles analysed were the A174D and the A149P mutations, which account for 50% and 30% of the alleles, respectively. In two unrelated families, we found a rare mutation, the MD delta 4 previously described only in one British family, which may be an important cause of the disease in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santamaria
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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