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Alfradique VAP, Netto DLS, Alves SVP, Machado AF, Novaes CM, Penitente-Filho JM, Machado-Neves M, Lopes MS, Guimarães SEF. The impact of FSH stimulation and age on the ovarian and uterine traits and histomorphometry of prepubertal gilts. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 83:106786. [PMID: 36848729 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of age and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment on the estradiol (E2) plasma concentration, ovarian follicle development, endometrial histomorphometry, and ultrasonographic parameters of the ovaries and uterus in prepubertal gilts. Thirty-five prepubertal gilts were grouped according to age (140 or 160 d), and within each age, gilts were allotted to receive 100 mg of FSH (treated; G140 + FSH [n = 10] and G160 + FSH [n = 7]) or saline solution (control; G140 + control [n = 10] and G160 + control [n = 8]). The total dose of FSH was divided into 6 similar doses administered every 8 h (days 0-2). Before and after FSH treatment, blood sample was collected, and transabdominal scanning of the ovaries and uterus was performed. Twenty-four hours after the last FSH injection, the gilts were slaughtered and their ovaries and uterus were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. The histomorphometric parameters of the uterus differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal gilts at 160 d and 140 d of age. Moreover, changes (P < 0.05) in uterine and ovarian ultrasound images occurred between 140 and 160 d of age. Age and FSH treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) E2 plasma concentrations. Follicle stimulating hormone treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the early stage of folliculogenesis in the prepubertal gilts; however, the number of early atretic follicles decreased (P < 0.05) after the FSH treatment. Follicle stimulating hormone administration increased (P < 0.05) the number of medium follicles and decreased (P < 0.05) the number of small follicles in 140 and 160 d old gilts. In the endometrium, luminal/glandular epithelium height and glandular diameter increased (P < 0.05) after FSH treatment. Thus, injections of 100 mg of FSH stimulate the endometrium epithelium and induce follicular growth to a medium follicle size without affecting the preantral stages in prepubertal gilts; also, the uterine macroscopic morphometry does not change from 140 to 160 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A P Alfradique
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - D L Souza Netto
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - S V P Alves
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Machado
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - C M Novaes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J M Penitente-Filho
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin - Brasil, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Derks MFL, Megens HJ, Giacomini WL, Groenen MAM, Lopes MS. A natural knockout of the MYO7A gene leads to pre-weaning mortality in pigs. Anim Genet 2021; 52:514-517. [PMID: 33955556 PMCID: PMC8360181 DOI: 10.1111/age.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The pig breeding system provides a unique framework to study recessive defects and the consequence on the phenotype. We examined a commercial synthetic Duroc population for recessive defects and identified a haplotype on chromosome 9 significantly affecting pre‐weaning mortality. To identify the causal variant underlying the mortality, we examined sequence data of four carrier animals and 21 non‐carrier animals from the same population. The results yield a strong candidate causal stop‐gained variant (NM_001099928.1:c.541C>T) affecting the MYO7A gene in complete linkage disequilibrium with the lethal haplotype. The variant leads to an impaired (p.Gln181*) MYO7A protein that truncates 2032 amino acids from the protein. We examined a litter from a carrier sow inseminated by a carrier boar. From the resulting piglets, two confirmed homozygous piglets suffered from severe balance difficulties and the inability to walk properly. The variant segregates at a carrier frequency of 8.2% in the evaluated population and will be gradually purged from the population, improving animal welfare. Finally, this 'natural knockout' will increase our understanding of the functioning of the MYO7A gene and provides a potential model for Usher syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F L Derks
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, The Netherlands
| | - H-J Megens
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, The Netherlands.,Topigs Norsvin, Curitiba, Brazil
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3
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Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is one of the most important traits in pig production. However, it is difficult and costly to measure it, limiting the collection of large amount of data for an accurate selection for better FE. Therefore, the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with FE-related traits to be used in the genetic evaluation is of great interest of pig breeding programs for increasing the prediction accuracy and the genetic progress of these traits. The objective of this study was to identify SNPs significantly associated with FE-related traits: average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). We also aimed to identify potential candidate genes for these traits. Phenotypic information recorded on a population of 2386 three-way crossbreed pigs that were genotyped for 51 468 SNPs was used. We identified three loci of quantitative trait (QTL) regions associated with ADG and three QTL regions associated with ADFI; however, no significant association was found for FCR. A false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.005 was used as the threshold for declaring an association as significant. The QTL regions associated with ADG on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1 were located between 177.01 and 185.47 Mb, which overlaps with the QTL regions for ADFI on SSC1 (173.26 and 185.47 Mb). The other QTL region for ADG was located on SSC12 (2.87 and 3.22 Mb). The most significant SNPs in these QTL regions explained up to 3.26% of the phenotypic variance of these traits. The non-identification of genomic regions associated with FCR can be explained by the complexity of this trait, which is a ratio between ADG and ADFI. Finally, the genes CDH19, CDH7, RNF152, MC4R, PMAIP1, FEM1B and GAA were the candidate genes found in the 1 Mb window around the QTL regions identified in this study. Among them, the MC4R gene (SSC1) has a well-known function related to ADG and ADFI. In this study, we identified three QTL regions for ADG (SSC1 and SSC12) and three for ADFI (SSC1). These regions were previously described in purebred pig populations; however, to our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the relevance of these QTL regions in a crossbred pig population. The potential use of the SNPs and genes identified in this study in prediction models that combine genomic selection and marker-assisted selection should be evaluated for increasing the prediction accuracy of these traits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- É F Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, UEM - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87.020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Topigs Norsvin, Rua Visconde do Rio Branco, 1310 - Sala 52, 80.420-210, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin, Rua Visconde do Rio Branco, 1310 - Sala 52, 80.420-210, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Schoenaker 6, 6641 SZ, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - P S Lopes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, 36.570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - E Gasparino
- Departamento de Zootecnia, UEM - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87.020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Santo I, Querido A, Catarino H, Lopes MS, Dixe MA. O29 Portuguese knowledge about Palliative Care. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz098.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Santo
- Hospital Center of Leiria, Corporate Public Hospital, Leiria, PORTUGAL
| | - A Querido
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, PORTUGAL
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, PORTUGAL
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
| | - H Catarino
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, PORTUGAL
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, PORTUGAL
| | - M S Lopes
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, PORTUGAL
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, PORTUGAL
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Marques DBD, Lopes MS, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Guimarães SEF, Knol EF, Bastiaansen JWM, Silva FF, Lopes PS. Genetic parameters for semen quality and quantity traits in five pig lines. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:4251-4259. [PMID: 29108030 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for semen quality and quantity traits as well as for within-boar variation of these traits to evaluate their inclusion in breeding goals. Genetic parameters were estimated within line using a multiple-trait (4 × 4) repeatability animal model fitted for 5 pig lines, considering 4 semen traits: sperm motility (MOT), sperm progressive motility (PROMOT), log-transformed number of sperm cells per ejaculate (lnN), and total morphological abnormalities (ABN). The within-boar variation of these traits was analyzed based on a multiple-trait (2 × 2) approach for SD and average (AVG) and a single-trait analysis for CV. The average heritabilities across the 5 lines estimated by multiple-trait analysis were 0.18 ± 0.07 (MOT), 0.22 ± 0.08 (PROMOT), 0.16 ± 0.04 (lnN), and 0.20 ± 0.04 (ABN). The average genetic correlations were favorable between MOT and PROMOT (0.86 ± 0.10), between MOT and ABN (-0.66 ± 0.25), and between PROMOT and ABN (-0.65 ± 0.25). As determined by within-boar variation analysis, AVG exhibited the greatest heritabilities followed by SD and CV, respectively, for the traits MOT and ABN. For PROMOT, average SD heritability was lower than CV heritability, whereas for lnN, they were the same. The average genetic correlations between AVG and SD were favorable for MOT (-0.60 ± 0.13), PROMOT (-0.79 ± 0.14), and ABN (0.78 ± 0.17). The moderate heritabilities indicate the possibility of effective selection of boars based on semen traits. Average and SD are proposed as appropriate traits for selection regarding uniformity.
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Godinho RM, Bergsma R, Silva FF, Sevillano CA, Knol EF, Lopes MS, Lopes PS, Bastiaansen JWM, Guimarães SEF. Genetic correlations between feed efficiency traits, and growth performance and carcass traits in purebred and crossbred pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:817-829. [PMID: 29378008 PMCID: PMC6093586 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for feed efficiency (FE) is a strategy to reduce the production costs per unit of animal product, which is one of the major objectives of current animal breeding programs. In pig breeding, selection for FE and other traits traditionally takes place based on purebred pig (PB) performance at the nucleus level, while pork production typically makes use of crossbred animals (CB). The success of this selection, therefore, depends on the genetic correlation between the performance of PB and CB (rpc) and on the genetic correlation (rg) between FE and the other traits that are currently under selection. Different traits are being used to account for FE, but the rpc has been reported only for feed conversion rate. Therefore, this study aimed 1) to estimate the rpc for growth performance, carcass, and FE traits; 2) to estimate rg between traits within PB and CB populations; and 3) to compare three different traits representing FE: feed conversion rate, residual energy intake (REI), and residual feed intake (RFI). Phenotypes of 194,445 PB animals from 23 nucleus farms, and 46,328 CB animals from three farms where research is conducted under near commercial production conditions were available for this study. From these, 22,984 PB and 8,657 CB presented records for feed intake. The PB population consisted of five sire and four dam lines, and the CB population consisted of terminal cross-progeny generated by crossing sires from one of the five PB sire lines with commercially available two-way maternal sow crosses. Estimates of rpc ranged from 0.61 to 0.71 for growth performance traits, from 0.75 to 0.82 for carcass traits, and from 0.62 to 0.67 for FE traits. Estimates of rg between growth performance, carcass, and FE traits differed within PB and CB. REI and RFI showed substantial positive rg estimates in PB (0.84) and CB (0.90) populations. The magnitudes of rpc estimates indicate that genetic progress is being realized in CB at the production level from selection on PB performance at nucleus level. However, including CB phenotypes recorded on production farms, when predicting breeding values, has the potential to increase genetic progress for these traits in CB. Given the genetic correlations with growth performance traits and the genetic correlation between the performance of PB and CB, REI is an attractive FE parameter for a breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Godinho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Bergsma
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - F F Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - C A Sevillano
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - E F Knol
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
- Topigs Norsvin, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - P S Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - J W M Bastiaansen
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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7
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Aguilera O, Rocha I, Lopes MS, Lima I, Lopes RT, Machado AS, Guimarães RB, Crapez MAC, Tenório MC, Nepomuceno A. The bone degenerative processes in senile fishes from Holocene Brazilian shell mounds. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1869-1881. [PMID: 28707706 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zooarchaeological collections from shell mounds in Rio de Janeiro (2,470-4,632 cal BP) contain a high prevalence of swollen fish bones belonging to the Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber), crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) and fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). Given the lack of knowledge of the bone degenerative process in senile fishes, this study analysed hyperostotic bone in zooarchaeological and modern specimens to obtain high-resolution morphology and microstructure reconstruction. We used microCT as well as X-ray diffraction to characterize the crystallographic changes associated with fish senility. Our results showed that trabecular microstructures in hyperostotic bones were consistent with estimated values of the per cent bone volume-to-total volume ratio (BV/TV) and were greater than 60% in cortical bone. Hyperostotic bones indicated a high radiograph density, and X-ray diffractograms showed a decrease in hydroxyapatite [Ca10 (PO4 )6 (OH)2 ] and calcite (CaCO3 ) neocrystallization. These crystalline and density changes revealed an advanced stage of fish senile and indicate the vulnerability of ageing fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Aguilera
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - I Rocha
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Program/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M S Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - I Lima
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Program/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R T Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Program/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A S Machado
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Program/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R B Guimarães
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - M A C Crapez
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - M C Tenório
- Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Nepomuceno
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Verardo LL, Lopes MS, Wijga S, Madsen O, Silva FF, Groenen MAM, Knol EF, Lopes PS, Guimarães SEF. After genome-wide association studies: Gene networks elucidating candidate genes divergences for number of teats across two pig populations. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:1446-58. [PMID: 27136004 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Number of teats (NT) is an important trait affecting both piglet's welfare and the production level of pig farms. Biologically, embryonic mammary gland development requires the coordination of many signaling pathways necessary for the proper development of teats. Several QTL for NT have been identified; however, further analysis is still lacking. Therefore, gene networks derived from genomewide association study (GWAS) results can be used to examine shared pathways and functions of putative candidate genes. Besides, such analyses may also be helpful to understand the genetic diversity between populations for the same trait or traits. In this study, we identified significant SNP for Landrace-based (line C) and Large White-based (line D) dam lines. Besides, gene-transcription factor (TF) networks were constructed aiming to obtain the most likely candidate genes for NT in each line followed by a comparative analysis between both lines to access similarities or dissimilarities at the marker and gene level. We identified 24 and 19 significant SNP (Bayes factor ≥ 100) for lines C and D, respectively. Only 1 significant SNP overlapped both lines. Network analysis illustrated gene interactions consistent with known mammal's breast biology and captured known TF. We observed different sets of putative candidate genes for NT in each line evaluated that may have common effects on the phenotype. Based on these results, we demonstrated the importance of post-GWAS analyses increasing the biological understanding of relevant genes for a complex trait. Moreover, we believe that this genomic diversity across lines should be taken into account, considering breed-specific reference populations for genomic selection.
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Lopes MS, Bovenhuis H, van Son M, Nordbø Ø, Grindflek EH, Knol EF, Bastiaansen JWM. Using markers with large effect in genetic and genomic predictions. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:59-71. [PMID: 28177367 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first attempts of applying marker-assisted selection (MAS) in animal breeding were not very successful because the identification of markers closely linked to QTL using low-density microsatellite panels was difficult. More recently, the use of high-density SNP panels in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increased the power and precision of identifying markers linked to QTL, which offer new possibilities for MAS. However, when GWAS started to be performed, the focus of many breeders had already shifted from the use of MAS to the application of genomic selection (using all available markers without any preselection of markers linked to QTL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prediction accuracy of a MAS approach that accounts for GWAS findings in the prediction models by including the most significant SNP from GWAS as a fixed effect in the marker-assisted BLUP (MA-BLUP) and marker-assisted genomic BLUP (MA-GBLUP) prediction models. A second aim was to compare the prediction accuracies from the marker-assisted models with those obtained from a Bayesian variable selection (BVS) model. To compare the prediction accuracies of traditional BLUP, MA-BLUP, genomic BLUP (GBLUP), MA-GBLUP, and BVS, we applied these models to the trait "number of teats" in 4 distinct pig populations, for validation of the results. The most significant SNP in each population was located at approximately 103.50 Mb on chromosome 7. Applying MAS by accounting for the most significant SNP in the prediction models resulted in improved prediction accuracy for number of teats in all evaluated populations compared with BLUP and GBLUP. Using MA-BLUP instead of BLUP, the increase in prediction accuracy ranged from 0.021 to 0.124, whereas using MA-GBLUP instead of GBLUP, the increase in prediction accuracy ranged from 0.003 to 0.043. The BVS model resulted in similar or higher prediction accuracies than MA-GBLUP. For the trait number of teats, BLUP resulted in the lowest prediction accuracies whereas the highest were observed when applying MA-GBLUP or BVS. In the same data set, MA-BLUP can yield similar or superior accuracies compared with GBLUP. The superiority of MA-GBLUP over traditional GBLUP is more pronounced when training populations are smaller and when relationships between training and validation populations are smaller. Marker-assisted GBLUP did not outperform BVS but does have implementation advantages in large-scale evaluations.
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10
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Veroneze R, Lopes PS, Lopes MS, Hidalgo AM, Guimarães SEF, Harlizius B, Knol EF, van Arendonk JAM, Silva FF, Bastiaansen JWM. Accounting for genetic architecture in single- and multipopulation genomic prediction using weights from genomewide association studies in pigs. J Anim Breed Genet 2016; 133:187-96. [PMID: 27174095 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of including GWAS results on the accuracy of single- and multipopulation genomic predictions. Phenotypes (backfat thickness) and genotypes of animals from two sire lines (SL1, n = 1146 and SL3, n = 1264) were used in the analyses. First, GWAS were conducted for each line and for a combined data set (both lines together) to estimate the genetic variance explained by each SNP. These estimates were used to build matrices of weights (D), which was incorporated into a GBLUP method. Single population evaluated with traditional GBLUP had accuracies of 0.30 for SL1 and 0.31 for SL3. When weights were employed in GBLUP, the accuracies for both lines increased (0.32 for SL1 and 0.34 for SL3). When a multipopulation reference set was used in GBLUP, the accuracies were higher (0.36 for SL1 and 0.32 for SL3) than in single-population prediction. In addition, putting together the multipopulation reference set and the weights from the combined GWAS provided even higher accuracies (0.37 for SL1, and 0.34 for SL3). The use of multipopulation predictions and weights estimated from a combined GWAS increased the accuracy of genomic predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Veroneze
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P S Lopes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - M S Lopes
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - A M Hidalgo
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - B Harlizius
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - E F Knol
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - J A M van Arendonk
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - F F Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - J W M Bastiaansen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Sell-Kubiak E, Duijvesteijn N, Lopes MS, Janss LLG, Knol EF, Bijma P, Mulder HA. Genome-wide association study reveals novel loci for litter size and its variability in a Large White pig population. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1049. [PMID: 26652161 PMCID: PMC4674943 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many traits, not only individual trait levels are under genetic control, but also the variation around that level. In other words, genotypes do not only differ in mean, but also in (residual) variation around the genotypic mean. New statistical methods facilitate gaining knowledge on the genetic architecture of complex traits such as phenotypic variability. Here we study litter size (total number born) and its variation in a Large White pig population using a Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear model, and perform a genome-wide association study using a Bayesian method. Results In total, 10 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected for total number born (TNB) and 9 SNPs for variability of TNB (varTNB). Those SNPs explained 0.83 % of genetic variance in TNB and 1.44 % in varTNB. The most significant SNP for TNB was detected on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 11. A possible candidate gene for TNB is ENOX1, which is involved in cell growth and survival. On SSC7, two possible candidate genes for varTNB are located. The first gene is coding a swine heat shock protein 90 (HSPCB = Hsp90), which is a well-studied gene stabilizing morphological traits in Drosophila and Arabidopsis. The second gene is VEGFA, which is activated in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus. Furthermore, the genetic correlation between additive genetic effects on TNB and on its variation was 0.49. This indicates that the current selection to increase TNB will also increase the varTNB. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting SNPs associated with variation of a trait in pigs. Detected genomic regions associated with varTNB can be used in genomic selection to decrease varTNB, which is highly desirable to avoid very small or very large litters in pigs. However, the percentage of variance explained by those regions was small. The SNPs detected in this study can be used as indication for regions in the Sus scrofa genome involved in maintaining low variability of litter size, but further studies are needed to identify the causative loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sell-Kubiak
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
| | - N Duijvesteijn
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V, P.O. Box 43, 6640, Beuningen, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - M S Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V, P.O. Box 43, 6640, Beuningen, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - L L G Janss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - E F Knol
- Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V, P.O. Box 43, 6640, Beuningen, AA, The Netherlands.
| | - P Bijma
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
| | - H A Mulder
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
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Felicetti M, Lopes MS, Verini-Supplizi A, Machado ADC, Silvestrelli M, Mendonça D, Distl O. Genetic diversity in the Maremmano horse and its relationship with other European horse breeds. Anim Genet 2015; 41 Suppl 2:53-5. [PMID: 21070276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Maremmano is an Italian warmblood horse breed from central Italy. We characterized the genetic diversity and the degree of admixture in Maremmano in comparison to 14 other European horse breeds using 30 microsatellites. Between-breed diversity explained about 9 per cent of the total genetic diversity. Cluster analysis, genetic distances and genetic differentiation coefficients showed a close relationship of Maremmano with Hanoverian and Lusitano in accordance with breed history.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Felicetti
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Lopes MS, Ferreira JRF, da Silva KB, de Oliveira Bacelar Simplício I, de Lima CJ, Fernandes AB. Disinfection of corrugated tubing by ozone and ultrasound in mechanically ventilated tracheostomized patients. J Hosp Infect 2015; 90:304-9. [PMID: 25888021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical equipment coming into contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes is classified as semi-critical material. This equipment requires at least high-level disinfection, as the major risk in all invasive procedures is the introduction of pathogenic microbes causing hospital-associated infections. AIM To evaluate the capacity of ozone gas and ultrasound to disinfect semi-critical, thermally sensitive material. METHODS Used corrugated tubing from mechanically ventilated tracheostomized patients in the intensive care unit was obtained. Enzymatic detergent was applied for 15min before different disinfection techniques were evaluated as follows: Group A (0.2% peracetic acid); Group B (ultrasound for 60min); Group C (application of ozone gas at a concentration of 33mg/L for 15min); Group D (ultrasound for 30min and ozone for 15min); Group E (ultrasound for 60min and ozone for 15min). FINDINGS Application of ultrasound for 60min reduced the level of microbial contamination by 4 log10, whereas ozone alone and the other two combined techniques (ultrasound and ozone) and the peracetic acid reduced the level of microbial contamination by 5 log10. CONCLUSION Ozone was the most advantageous technique taking into consideration processing time, ease of use, effectiveness, and cost. The use of ozone gas to disinfect semi-critical material proved to be technically feasible and extremely promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Faculdades Integradas do Tapajós (FIT), Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - J R F Ferreira
- Faculdades Integradas do Tapajós (FIT), Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - K B da Silva
- Faculdades Integradas do Tapajós (FIT), Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - C J de Lima
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - A B Fernandes
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Lopes MS, Dreisigacker S, Peña RJ, Sukumaran S, Reynolds MP. Genetic characterization of the wheat association mapping initiative (WAMI) panel for dissection of complex traits in spring wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2015; 128:453-64. [PMID: 25540818 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The wheat association mapping initiative is appropriate for gene discovery without the confounding effects of phenology and plant height. The wheat association mapping initiative (WAMI) population is a set of 287 diverse advanced wheat lines with a narrow range of variation for days to heading (DH) and plant height (PH). This study aimed to characterize the WAMI and showed that this diverse panel has a favorable genetic background in which stress adaptive traits and their alleles contributing to final yield can be identified with reduced confounding major gene effects through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we observed lower gene diversity on the D genome, compared with the other genomes. Population structure was primarily related to the distribution of the 1B.1R rye translocation. The narrow range of variation for DH and PH in the WAMI population still entailed segregation for a few markers associated with the former traits, while Rht genes were associated with grain yield (GY). Genotype by environment (G × E) interaction for GY was primarily explained by Rht-B1, Vrn-A1 and markers on chromosomes 2D and 3A when running GWAS with genotype scores from the G × E biplot. The use of PC scores from the G × E biplot seems a promising tool to determine genes and markers associated with complex interactions across environments. The WAMI panel lends itself to GWAS for complex trait dissection by avoiding the confounding effects of DH and PH which were reduced to a minimum (using Rht-B1 and Vrn-A1 scores as covariables), with significant associations with GY on chromosomes 2D, 3A and 3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- CIMMYT, PO Box 39, Emek, Ankara, 06511, Turkey
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15
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Diniz DB, Lopes MS, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Lopes PS, Harlizius B, Guimarães SEF, Duijvesteijn N, Knol EF, Silva FF. A genome-wide association study reveals a novel candidate gene for sperm motility in pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 151:201-7. [PMID: 25459079 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sperm motility is one of the most widely used parameters in order to evaluate boar semen quality. However, this trait can only be measured after puberty. Thus, the use of genomic information appears as an appealing alternative to evaluate and improve selection for boar fertility traits earlier in life. With this study we aimed to identify SNPs with significant association with sperm motility in two different commercial pig populations and to identify possible candidate genes within the identified QTL regions. We performed a single-SNP genome-wide association study using genotyped animals from a Landrace-based (L1) and a Large White-based (L2) pig populations. For L1, a total of 602 animals genotyped for 42,551 SNPs were used in the association analysis. For L2, a total of 525 animals genotyped for 40,890 SNPs were available. After the association analysis, a false discovery rate q-value ≤0.05 was used as the threshold for significant association. No SNPs were significantly associated with sperm motility in L1, while six SNPs on Sus scrofa chromosome 1 (position 117.26-119.56Mb) were significant in L2. The mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTFMT) gene, which affects translation efficiency of proteins in sperm cells, was identified as a putative candidate gene. The significant markers identified in this study may be useful to enhance the genetic improvement of sperm motility by selection of boars at an earlier age under a marker assisted selection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Animal Science Department, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - M S Lopes
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG B.V., P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M L W J Broekhuijse
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG B.V., P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands.
| | - P S Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Animal Science Department, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - B Harlizius
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG B.V., P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Animal Science Department, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - N Duijvesteijn
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG B.V., P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - E F Knol
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG B.V., P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands.
| | - F F Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Animal Science Department, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hidalgo AM, Bastiaansen JWM, Harlizius B, Knol EF, Lopes MS, de Koning DJ, Groenen MAM. Asian low-androstenone haplotype on pig chromosome 6 does not unfavorably affect production and reproduction traits. Anim Genet 2014; 45:874-7. [PMID: 25262849 DOI: 10.1111/age.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
European pigs that carry Asian haplotypes of a 1.94-Mbp region on pig chromosome 6 have lower levels of androstenone, one of the two main compounds causing boar taint. The objective of our study was to examine potential pleiotropic effects of the Asian low-androstenone haplotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism marker, rs81308021, distinguishes the Asian from European haplotypes and was used to investigate possible associations of androstenone with production and reproduction traits. Eight traits were available from three European commercial breeds. For the two sow lines studied, a favorable effect on number of teats was detected for the low-androstenone haplotype. In one of these sow lines, a favorable effect on number of spermatozoa per ejaculation was detected for the low-androstenone haplotype. No unfavorable pleiotropic effects were found, which suggests that selection for low-androstenone haplotypes within the 1.94 Mbp would not unfavorably affect the other eight relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hidalgo
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, 6700 AH, The Netherlands; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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17
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Azevedo CF, Silva FF, de Resende MDV, Lopes MS, Duijvesteijn N, Guimarães SEF, Lopes PS, Kelly MJ, Viana JMS, Knol EF. Supervised independent component analysis as an alternative method for genomic selection in pigs. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:452-61. [PMID: 25039677 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the supervised independent component regression (SICR) method for the estimation of genomic values and the SNP marker effects for boar taint and carcass traits in pigs. The methods were evaluated via the agreement between the predicted genetic values and the corrected phenotypes observed by cross-validation. These values were also compared with other methods generally used for the same purposes, such as RR-BLUP, SPCR, SPLS, ICR, PCR and PLS. The SICR method was found to have the most accurate prediction values.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Azevedo
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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18
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Silva FF, Mulder HA, Knol EF, Lopes MS, Guimarães SEF, Lopes PS, Mathur PK, Viana JMS, Bastiaansen JWM. Sire evaluation for total number born in pigs using a genomic reaction norms approach. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3825-34. [PMID: 24492557 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of genome-wide selection (GWS), genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions can be studied using genomic information, thus enabling the estimation of SNP marker effects and the prediction of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for young candidates for selection in different environments. Although G×E studies in pigs are scarce, the use of artificial insemination has enabled the distribution of genetic material from sires across multiple environments. Given the relevance of reproductive traits, such as the total number born (TNB) and the variation in environmental conditions encountered by commercial dams, understanding G×E interactions can be essential for choosing the best sires for different environments. The present work proposes a two-step reaction norm approach for G×E analysis using genomic information. The first step provided estimates of environmental effects (herd-year-season, HYS), and the second step provided estimates of the intercept and slope for the TNB across different HYS levels, obtained from the first step, using a random regression model. In both steps, pedigree ( A: ) and genomic ( G: ) relationship matrices were considered. The genetic parameters (variance components, h(2) and genetic correlations) were very similar when estimated using the A: and G: relationship matrices. The reaction norm graphs showed considerable differences in environmental sensitivity between sires, indicating a reranking of sires in terms of genetic merit across the HYS levels. Based on the G: matrix analysis, SNP by environment interactions were observed. For some SNP, the effects increased at increasing HYS levels, while for others, the effects decreased at increasing HYS levels or showed no changes between HYS levels. Cross-validation analysis demonstrated better performance of the genomic approach with respect to traditional pedigrees for both the G×E and standard models. The genomic reaction norm model resulted in an accuracy of GEBV for "juvenile" boars varying from 0.14 to 0.44 across different HYS levels, while the accuracy of the standard genomic prediction model, without reaction norms, varied from 0.09 to 0.28. These results show that it is important and feasible to consider G×E interactions in evaluations of sires using genomic prediction models and that genomic information can increase the accuracy of selection across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - H A Mulder
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E F Knol
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG, P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - M S Lopes
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG, P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - P S Lopes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - P K Mathur
- TOPIGS Research Center IPG, P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, the Netherlands
| | - J M S Viana
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - J W M Bastiaansen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Santana Lopes M, Jácome de Castro J, Marcelino M, Oliveira MJ, Carrilho F, Limbert E. Iodo e Tiróide: O que o Clínico Deve Saber. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2012. [DOI: 10.20344/amp.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization considers iodine deficiency as a major worldwide cause of mental and development diseases, estimating that about 13% of the world population is affected by diseases caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine is a trace element necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones which, since it cannot be formed by the organism, must be taken regularly with food. Fish and shellfish are generally a good source, because the ocean contains a considerable amount of iodine. On the contrary, plants which grow in iodine-deficient soils are poor in this element, as well as meat and other animal products fed in plants low in iodine. Salt is the best way for iodine supplementation. Cooking the food with iodized salt is a desirable practice because it guarantees the presence of this element. There are also other methods to provide iodine to the general population, such as adding iodine to drinking water or taking supplements of iodine. In pregnancy is recommended iodine supplementation, except in patients with known thyroid disorders. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). Inadequate iodine intake leads to inadequate thyroid hormone production. The most important consequences of iodine deficiency, in the general population are goiter and hypothyroidism, and in the severe cases, mental retardation, cretinism and increased neo-natal and infant mortality. The International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) formed in 1985, with the only aim of achieving optimal iodine nutrition in the world, in cooperation with UNICEF and WHO. In Portugal, recent studies show significant deficiencies in pregnancy and The Portuguese Society of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, in partnership with General Directorate of Health, proposed an iodine supplementation during pregnancy with 150-200μg/day.
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Santana Lopes M, Jácome de Castro J, Marcelino M, Oliveira MJ, Carrilho F, Limbert E. [Iodine and thyroid: what a clinic should know]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2012; 25:174-178. [PMID: 23069238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization considers iodine deficiency as a major worldwide cause of mental and development diseases, estimating that about 13% of the world population is affected by diseases caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine is a trace element necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones which, since it cannot be formed by the organism, must be taken regularly with food. Fish and shellfish are generally a good source, because the ocean contains a considerable amount of iodine. On the contrary, plants which grow in iodine-deficient soils are poor in this element, as well as meat and other animal products fed in plants low in iodine. Salt is the best way for iodine supplementation. Cooking the food with iodized salt is a desirable practice because it guarantees the presence of this element. There are also other methods to provide iodine to the general population, such as adding iodine to drinking water or taking supplements of iodine. In pregnancy is recommended iodine supplementation, except in patients with known thyroid disorders. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). Inadequate iodine intake leads to inadequate thyroid hormone production. The most important consequences of iodine deficiency, in the general population are goiter and hypothyroidism, and in the severe cases, mental retardation, cretinism and increased neo-natal and infant mortality. The International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) formed in 1985, with the only aim of achieving optimal iodine nutrition in the world, in cooperation with UNICEF and WHO. In Portugal, recent studies show significant deficiencies in pregnancy and The Portuguese Society of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, in partnership with General Directorate of Health, proposed an iodine supplementation during pregnancy with 150-200µg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Santana Lopes
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Lisboa, Portugal
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Limbert E, Prazeres S, São Pedro M, Madureira D, Miranda A, Ribeiro M, Carrilho F, Jácome de Castro J, Lopes MS, Cardoso J, Carvalho A, Oliveira MJ, Reguengo H, Borges F. [Iodine intake in Portuguese school children]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2012; 25:29-36. [PMID: 22883246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate iodine intake in portuguese school children in order to inform health authorities of eventual measures to be implemented. INTRODUCTION Iodine is the key element for thyroid hormone synthesis and its deficiency even mild, as found in other European countries, may have deleterious effects in pregnancy resulting in cognitive problems of offsprings. In Portugal there are no recent data on iodine intake in schoolchildren. POPULATION AND METHODS 3680 children aged 6-12 years of both sexes, from 78 different schools were studied. Iodine intake was evaluated trough urine iodine (UI) determinations using a colorimetic method. RESULTS The global median UI value was 105.5 µg/L; the percentage of children with UI <100 µg/L was 47.1%, corresponding to 41% of the studied schools. The percentage of values <50 µg/L was 11.8%. The male gender, the south region of the country and the distribution of milk in school were significantly linked with a higher iodine elimination. DISCUSSION Our global results point to a borderline/ mildly insufficient iodine intake in the portuguese school population. However 47% of the children had UI under 100 µg /L. The comparison of our results with the available data from 30 years ago, point to a considerable improvement, due to silent prophylaxis. Male gender, geographical area and milk distribution influenced positively iodine intake.The importance of milk has been referred in numerous papers. CONCLUSIONS The study of UI in the Portuguese school population points to a borderline iodine intake. However, in 47% of children iodine intake was inadequate. Compared with data from the eighties, a considerable increase in iodine elimination was found. Taking into account the potencial deleterious effects of inadequate iodine intake, a global prophylaxis with salt iodization has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Limbert
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa de Francisco Gentil, Portugal
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Abstract
The myostatin gene (MSTN) belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of secreted growth and differentiation factors and is responsible for embryonic and adult skeletal muscle development. In this study, exon 2 of the MSTN gene, which encodes part of the TGF-β pro-peptide, was sequenced in 332 horses of 20 different breeds and compared with the horse MSTN gene sequence deposited in GenBank. The sequences obtained revealed the presence of 11 haplotypes represented by 10 variable nucleotide mutations, eight of them corresponding to amino acid sequence changes. This gene shows a high variability when compared with other genes. This might be an indication that some breeds have the same ancestry but different pressures of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Baron
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores, Department of Agriculture, University of Azores, Rua Capitão João D'Ávila, São Pedro, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Chambel P, Marcelino M, Domingues A, Vilar H, Lopes L, Paradinha M, Lopes MS, Carvalho R, Santos V, Jácome De Castro J. [Characterization of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with vildagliptin]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2011; 24:555-560. [PMID: 22521013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease and the rapid growth of this global prevalence has been a worldwide concern. About a third of Portuguese population has type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes. 2 DM is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, although the treatment so far available it is a high percentage of patients who do not achieve the proposed objectives. Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of oral DPP-4, the most studied of this new class. Inhibiting the rapid degradation of incretins, the vildagliptin increases levels of GLP-1, getting this hormone available to modulate the function of a and ß cells. AIMS This study aims to characterize the first patients with DM2 treated with vildagliptin in the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at the Military Hospital. METHODS Retrospective study with the first 70 patients treated with vildagliptin, between October and December 2008. The information collected was demographic data, disease duration, associated diseases and their medication, metabolic control in the beginning of the disease (values HbA1c) and criteria for use of vildagliptin. RESULTS Among the patients included in the study, 55, 7% were male, with the average age of 63, 3 years. These patients had a average duration of diabetes of 11, 7 years. Hypertension was the most frequent associated pathology (85.7% of patients), although dyslipidemia and obesity have a high percentage, 80% and 51% respectively. All patients were overweight (BMI =25 Kg/m(2)). More than half of the patients (55,7%) were on monotherapy until the introduction of vildagliptin, having been associated with other oral antidiabetic agents in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Most of patients showed risk factors, for witch they were medicated. Vildagliptin has been added mostly in patients medicated with metformin. It is suggested that the therapeutic approach in type 2 diabetes is more and more early, effective and secure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Chambel
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital Militar Principal, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sollero BP, Guimarães SEF, Rilington VD, Tempelman RJ, Raney NE, Steibel JP, Guimarães JD, Lopes PS, Lopes MS, Ernst CW. Transcriptional profiling during foetal skeletal muscle development of Piau and Yorkshire-Landrace cross-bred pigs. Anim Genet 2011; 42:600-12. [PMID: 22035001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development is a complex process involving the coordinated expression of thousands of genes. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs at 40 and 70 days (d) of gestation (developmental stages encompassing primary and secondary fibre formation) in Yorkshire-Landrace (YL) cross-bred pigs and Piau pigs (a naturalized Brazilian breed), which are two breed types that differ in muscularity. Foetuses were obtained from gilts at each gestational age (n = 3 YL; n = 4 Piau), and transcriptional profiling was performed using the Pigoligoarray microarray containing 20 400 oligonucleotides. A total of 486 oligonucleotides were differentially expressed (fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5; false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05) between 40 and 70 d gestation in either YL or Piau pigs, and a total of 1300 oligonucleotides were differentially expressed (FC ≥ 1.5; FDR ≤ 0.05) between YL and Piau pigs at either age. Gene ontology annotation and pathway analyses determined functional classifications for differentially expressed genes and revealed breed type-specific developmental expression patterns. Thirteen genes were selected for confirmation by qRT-PCR analyses, and expression patterns for most of these genes were confirmed, providing further insight into the roles of these genes in pig muscle development. This study revealed both developmental and breed type-specific patterns of gene expression in foetal pig skeletal muscle, including genes not previously associated with myogenesis. This information will contribute to future pig genetic improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Sollero
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Harlizius B, Lopes MS, Duijvesteijn N, van de Goor LHP, van Haeringen WA, Panneman H, Guimarães SEF, Merks JWM, Knol EF. A single nucleotide polymorphism set for paternal identification to reduce the costs of trait recording in commercial pig breeding. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1661-8. [PMID: 21239666 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal breeding, recording of correct pedigrees is essential to achieve genetic progress. Markers on DNA are useful to verify the on-farm pedigree records (parental verification) but can also be used to assign parents retrospectively (parental identification). This approach could reduce the costs of recording for traits with low incidence, such as those related to diseases or mortality. In this study, SNP were used to assign the true sires of 368 purebred animals from a Duroc-based sire line and 140 crossbred offspring from a commercial pig population. Some of the sires were closely related. There were 3 full sibs and 17 half sibs among the true fathers and 4 full sibs and 35 half sibs among all putative fathers. To define the number of SNP necessary, 5 SNP panels (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 SNP) were assembled from the Illumina PorcineSNP60 Beadchip (Illumina, San Diego, CA) based on minor allele frequency (>0.3), high genotyping call rate (≥90%), and equal spacing across the genome. For paternal identification considering only the 66 true sires in the data set, 60 SNP resulted in 100% correct assignment of the sire. By including additional putative sires (n = 304), 80 SNP were sufficient for 100% correct assignment of the sire. The following criteria were derived to identify the correct sire for the current data set: the logarithm of odds (LOD) score for assigning the correct sire was ≥5, the number of mismatches was ≤1, and the difference in the LOD score between the first and the second most likely sire was >5. If the correct sire was not present among all putative sires, the mean LOD for the most likely sire was close to zero or negative when using 100 SNP. More SNP would be needed for paternal identification if the number of putative sires increased and the degree of relatedness was greater than in the data set used here. The threshold for the number of mismatches can be adjusted according to the practical situation to account for the trade-off between false negatives and false positives. The latter can be avoided efficiently, ensuring that the correct father is being sampled. Nevertheless, a restriction on the number of putative sires is advisable to reduce the risk of assigning close relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Harlizius
- Institute for Pig Genetics BV, PO Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands.
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Lopes MS, Mendonça D, Rodrigues dos Santos M, Eiras-Dias JE, da Câmara Machado A. New insights on the genetic basis of Portuguese grapevine and on grapevine domestication. Genome 2010; 52:790-800. [PMID: 19935927 DOI: 10.1139/g09-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As the ancestor of cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris represents a unique, invaluable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated grapevines. Recently, five populations of wild grapevines were identified in Portugal. Sixty vines were characterized with 11 nuclear SSR markers and further compared with 70 genotypes of Portuguese Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa. The obtained data demonstrate moderate genetic differentiation between wild grapevine populations and moderate to high genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated grapevines. However, the identification of high degrees of similarity between wild and cultivated grapes (up to 87%) and a putative parent-progeny relationship between wild and cultivated grapes with 17 additional SSR markers is indicative of gene flow between local wild grapevine populations and Portuguese domesticated vines. Also, the ancestry of some Azorean cultivars was ascertained. The obtained data further support the hypothesis of several domestication centres, with Portugal, Spain, and Italy playing a particular role after the last glaciation, giving rise to many of the Western European cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Terra-Chã, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Lopes MS, dos Santos MR, Dias JEE, Mendonça D, da Câmara Machado A. Discrimination of Portuguese grapevines based on microsatellite markers. J Biotechnol 2006; 127:34-44. [PMID: 16876897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A set of 46 grapevine denominations was genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci in order to discriminate them. Ninety four alleles with a mean number of 8.55 alleles per locus were observed in a total of 37 detected unique genotypes. Previously assumed synonyms were confirmed and several cases of homonymy resolved. Comparison of the data obtained in this study with data of 32 genotypes previously reported enabled the detection of three parent offspring relationships, and identified other putative parent/progeny relationships. These data allowed understanding the origin of some Portuguese cultivars. The integration of the obtained data with ampelographic data would be very important for the accurate identification of the Portuguese cultivars and can become a significant tool for the certification of quality wines produced in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Terra-Chã, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Lopes MS, Mendonça D, Cymbron T, Valera M, da Costa-Ferreira J, Machado ADC. The Lusitano horse maternal lineage based on mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation. Anim Genet 2005; 36:196-202. [PMID: 15932397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of mitochondrial D-loop sequences (408 bp) from 145 Lusitano founder mares yielded a total of 27 different haplotypes. The distribution of these mtDNA sequences was quite unequal, with the three most frequent ones representing 56.5% of all the Lusitano founder mares and 14 haplotypes (51.9%) being rare variants found only once in the sampling. Four main haplotype clusters were present in the Lusitano breed. The comparison of these sequences with other equine haplotypes shows that they fall in groups shared with other horse breeds. These data support the hypothesis of multiple domestication events in many distinct geographic areas over a broad time span. However, the analysis of 145 Lusitano, 55 Pura Raza Espanola and 18 Sorraia sequences indicates that half of the samples (50.9%) fall in one specific-cluster (A), which has previously been described as characteristic of the Iberian and Northern African horse breeds. The presence of a phylogeographic structure in cluster A associated with its star-like structure was interpreted as suggestive of a centre of horse domestication in the Iberia Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- Department of Agriculture, Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores, Terra-Chã, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Moreira MR, Cruz GM, Lopes MS, Albuquerque AA, Leal-Cardoso JH. Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:1337-40. [PMID: 11593310 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001001000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpineol, a volatile terpenoid alcohol of low toxicity, is widely used in the perfumery industry. It is an important chemical constituent of the essential oil of many plants with widespread applications in folk medicine and in aromatherapy. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP. At 100 microM, terpineol had no demonstrable effect. At 300 microM terpineol, peak-to-peak amplitude and conduction velocity of CAP were significantly reduced at the end of 180-min exposure of the nerve to the drug, from 3.28 +/- 0.22 mV and 33.5 +/- 7.05 m/s, respectively, to 1.91 +/- 0.51 mV and 26.2 +/- 4.55 m/s. At 600 microM, terpineol significantly reduced peak-to-peak amplitude and conduction velocity from 2.97 +/- 0.55 mV and 32.8 +/- 3.91 m/s to 0.24 +/- 0.23 mV and 2.72 +/- 2.72 m/s, respectively (N = 5). All these effects developed slowly and were reversible upon 180-min washout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Moreira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Sefc KM, Lopes MS, Mendonça D, Dos Santos MR, Da Câmara Machado ML, Da Câmara Machado A. Identification of microsatellite loci in olive (Olea europaea) and their characaterization in Italian and Iberian olive trees. Mol Ecol 2000; 9:1171-3. [PMID: 10964237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Sefc
- Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agárias, Portugal
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Lopes MS, Sefc KM, Eiras Dias E, Steinkellner H, Laimer Câmara Machado M, Câmara Machado A. The use of microsatellites for germplasm management in a Portuguese grapevine collection. Theor Appl Genet 1999; 99:733-9. [PMID: 22665212 DOI: 10.1007/s001220051291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To initiate the characterization of the Portuguese grapevine genepool, we have genotyped 49 Portuguese grapevine cultivars at 11 microsatellite loci. The markers proved to be informative in the Portuguese cultivars, with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.67 to 0.84. At most loci, an excess of heterozygous individuals was observed, while the deficiency of heterozygotes at 1 locus (VVMD6) indicated the presence of null alleles. On the basis of the microsatellite allele data several previously assumed synonyms were verified: (1) 'Fernão Pires'='Maria Gomes', (2) 'Moscatel de Setúbal'='Muscat of Alexandria', (3) 'Boal Cachudo'='Boal da Madeira'='Malvasia Fina', (4) 'Síria'='Crato Branco'= 'Roupeiro' and (5) 'Periquita'='Castelão Francês'='João de Santarém'='Trincadeira'. Although the three varieties 'Verdelho da Madeira', 'Verdelho dos Açores', and 'Verdelho roxo' are regarded by the Lista Nacional de Sinónimos as distinct cultivars, they displayed identical SSR profiles at 17 loci and appear to represent types of 1 single cultivar. The genetic profiles of all 49 cultivars were searched for possible parent-offspring groups. The data obtained revealed the descendence of 'Boal Ratinho' from 'Malvasia Fina' and 'Síria'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- Universidade dos Açores, Department de Ciências Agrárias, Terra Chã, 9700 Angra do Heroismo, Açores, Portugal, PT,
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Andrade Filho JDS, Lopes MS, Corgozinho Filho AA, Pena GP. Ectopic cutaneous schistosomiasis: report of two cases and a review of the literature. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1998; 40:253-7. [PMID: 9876440 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651998000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of ectopic cutaneous schistosomiasis are described. Both patients presented with abdominal papular skin lesions, which on biopsy were found to contain granulomas with Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Twenty-five other cases were retrieved from the literature. Most patients were female, mean age 24.9 year, with a predominance of the white race. The most common localization was anterior thorax and abdomen. Usually, the lesions were asymptomatic. In few cases, however, severe clinical syndromes due to the parasite coexisted, such as transverse myelitis or the acute-toxemic form of the disease. Intestinal infection was not frequently demonstrated in these patients. The importance of the recognition of these cutaneous lesions may rest on the opportunity to provide an etiological diagnosis in these difficult cases.
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