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Eger M, Liron T, Hiram-Bab S, Awida Z, Giladi E, Dangoor D, Fridkin M, Kohavi D, Gozes I, Gabet Y. Therapeutic Potential of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and its Derivative Stearyl-Norleucine-VIP in Inflammation-Induced Osteolysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638128. [PMID: 34025407 PMCID: PMC8131842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The common use of dental and orthopedic implants calls for special attention to the immune response leading to peri-prosthetic bone loss and implant failure. In addition to the well-established microbial etiology for oral implant failure, wear debris and in particular titanium (Ti) particles (TiP) in the implant vicinity are an important trigger of inflammation and activation of bone resorption around oral and orthopedic implants, presenting an unmet medical need. Here, we employed bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to model infection and TiP to model aseptic inflammation and osteolysis. We assessed inflammation in vitro by measuring IL1β, IL6 and TNFα mRNA expression in primary macrophages, osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-induced bone marrow derived pre-osteoclasts and osteolysis in vivo in a mouse calvarial model. We also assessed the trans-epithelial penetrability and safety of the tested compound in rats. Our results show that a lipophilic super-active derivative of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), namely stearyl-norleucine-VIP (SNV) presented superior anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects compared to VIP in vitro. In the bacterial infection model (LPS), SNV significantly reduced IL1β expression, while VIP increased IL6 expression. In the aseptic models of osteolysis, SNV showed greater suppression of in vitro osteoclastogenesis than VIP, and significantly inhibited inflammation-induced osteolysis in vivo. We also observed that expression levels of the VIP receptor VPAC-2, but not that of VPAC-1, dramatically decreased during osteoclast differentiation. Importantly, SNV previously shown to have an increased stability compared to VIP, showed here significant trans-epithelial penetration and a clean toxicological profile, presenting a novel drug candidate that could be applied topically to counter both aseptic and infection-related bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Eger
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zamzam Awida
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eliezer Giladi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Elton Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Dangoor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Elton Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Kohavi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Elton Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Cooper I, Atrakchi D, Walker MD, Horovitz A, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Converting bleomycin into a prodrug that undergoes spontaneous reactivation under physiological conditions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114782. [PMID: 31655077 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is an anticancer antibiotic effective against a range of human malignancies. Yet its usefulness is limited by serious side effects. In this study, we converted bleomycin into a prodrug by covalently linking 2-sulfo, 9 fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMS) to the primary amino side chain of bleomycin. FMS-bleomycin lost its efficacy to bind transition metal ions and therefore was converted into an inactive derivative. Upon incubation in vitro under physiological conditions, the FMS-moiety undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis, generating native bleomycin possessing full anti-bacterial potency. FMS hydrolysis and reactivation takes place with a t1/2 value of 17 ± 1 h. In silico simulation predicts a narrow therapeutic window in human patients of seven hours, starting 40 min after administration. In mice, close agreement was obtained between the experimental and the simulated pharmacokinetic profiles for FMS-bleomycin. FMS-bleomycin is thus shown to be a classical prodrug: it is inactive at the time of administration and the non-modified (active) bleomycin is released with a desirable pharmacokinetic profile following administration, suggesting it may have therapeutic value in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
| | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Michael D Walker
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amnon Horovitz
- Department of Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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3
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Shemer A, Kivity S, Shovman O, Bashi T, Perry O, Watad A, Ben-Ami Shor D, Volkov A, Barshack I, Bragazzi NL, Krule A, Fridkin M, Amital H, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) equally effective to methylprednisolone in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a mice model. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:160-166. [PMID: 29698559 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of helminth treatment in autoimmune diseases is growing constantly. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease with challenging treatment options. Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) is a novel helminth-based compound that modulates the host immune network. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential value of TPC in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a murine model and specifically to compare the efficacy of TPC to the existing first-line therapy for SLE: corticosteroids (methylprednisolone). Lupus-prone NZBxW/F1 mice were treated with TPC (5 µg/mouse), methylprednisolone (MP; 5 mg/body weight) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) three times per week once glomerulonephritis, defined as proteinuria of grade > 100 mg/dl, was established. Levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), splenic cytokines were measured in vitro and the kidney microscopy was analysed following staining. TPC and MP treatments improved lupus nephritis significantly and prolonged survival in NZBxW/F1 mice. TPC-treated mice showed a significantly decreased level of proteinuria (P < 0·001) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (P < 0·001) compared to PBS-treated mice. Moreover, TPC and MP inhibited the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon IFN-γ, interleukin IL-1β and IL-6 (P < 0·001) and enhanced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0·001). Finally, microscopy analysis of the kidneys demonstrated that TPC-treated mice maintained normal structure equally to MP-treated mice. These data indicate that the small molecule named TPC hinders lupus development in genetically lupus-prone mice equally to methylprednisolone in most of the cases. Hence, TCP may be employed as a therapeutic potential for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shemer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - S Kivity
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Shovman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - T Bashi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Perry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Watad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - D Ben-Ami Shor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Volkov
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - I Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - N L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Krule
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Blank
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Croci S, Bonacini M, Muratore F, Caruso A, Fontana A, Boiardi L, Soriano A, Cavazza A, Cimino L, Belloni L, Perry O, Fridkin M, Parmeggiani M, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Salvarani C. The therapeutic potential of tuftsin-phosphorylcholine in giant cell arteritis. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:113-121. [PMID: 30638709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuftsin-PhosphorylCholine (TPC) is a novel bi-specific molecule which links tuftsin and phosphorylcholine. TPC has shown immunomodulatory activities in experimental mouse models of autoimmune diseases. We studied herein the effects of TPC ex vivo on both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and temporal artery biopsies (TABs) obtained from patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and age-matched disease controls. GCA is an immune-mediated disease affecting large vessels. Levels of 18 cytokines in supernatants, PBMC viability, T helper (Th) cell differentiation of PBMCs and gene expression in TABs were analyzed. Treatment ex vivo with TPC decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IFNγ, TNFα, GM-CSF by CD3/CD28 activated PBMCs whereas it negligibly affected cell viability. It reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation while did not impact Th22 differentiation in PBMCs stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin. In inflamed TABs, treatment with TPC down-regulated the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A and CD68 gene expression. The effects of TPC were comparable to the effects of dexamethasone, included as the standard of care, with the exception of a greater reduction of IL-2, IL-18, IFNγ in CD3/CD28 activated PBMCs and CD68 gene in inflamed TABs. In conclusion our results warrant further investigations regarding TPC as an immunotherapeutic agent in GCA and potentially other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Croci
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Muratore
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Caruso
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Fontana
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Boiardi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Cimino
- Unit of Ocular Immunology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucia Belloni
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ori Perry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maria Parmeggiani
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Miri Blank
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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5
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Ben-Amram H, Bashi T, Werbner N, Neuman H, Fridkin M, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Koren O. Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Maintains Normal Gut Microbiota in Collagen Induced Arthritic Mice. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1222. [PMID: 28740485 PMCID: PMC5502260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic autoinflammation of the joints, with a prevalence of about 1% in Western populations. Evidence in recent years has linked RA to changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Interestingly, helminths have been shown to have therapeutic activity in RA. Specifically, a glycoprotein containing phosphorylcholine (PC) extracted from helminths was found to have immunomodulatory activity. We have previously developed a novel chimeric compound composed of tuftsin-PC (TPC) that attenuates the joint destruction in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Here, we address the interrelationship between TPC immunomodulatory activity and the gut microbiota in CIA mice. Preventive therapy with TPC in mice with arthritis maintained a physiological arthritis score as well as a steady gut microbial environment, similar to that of healthy controls, in contrast to CIA mice with severe disease. The microbial composition differed significantly between healthy and phosphate-buffered saline-treated CIA mice, enabling classifying test samples by machine learning based on levels of a small number of bacterial species. Using these bacterial biomarkers, all TPC-treated CIA mice were classified as healthy. Thus, we describe a clear correlation between TPC treatment, healthy gut microbial communities, and prevention of arthritis. This is the first study to demonstrate the immunomodulatory effect of helminth derivatives in autoimmune diseases and the link to gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomer Bashi
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Werbner
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed, Israel
| | - Hadar Neuman
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed, Israel
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6
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Cooper I, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Conjugation of Methotrexate-Amino Derivatives to Macromolecules through Carboxylate Moieties Is Superior Over Conventional Linkage to Amino Residues: Chemical, Cell-Free and In Vitro Characterizations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158352. [PMID: 27403959 PMCID: PMC4942054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the possibility of introducing methotrexate (MTX) to the carboxylate rather than to the ε-amino side chains of proteins. We found that MTX—amino compounds covalently linked to the carboxylate moieties of macromolecules, undergo unusual peptide-bond cleavage, with the release of the MTX amino derivatives from the conjugates. This event takes place at an accelerated rate under acidic conditions, and at a slower rate at physiological pH values. The glutamate portion of MTX is responsible for this behavior, with little or no contribution of the p-aminobenzoate-pteridine ring that is linked to the α-amino side chain of the glutamate. Carboxylate-linked Fmoc-Glu-γ-CONH-(CH2)6-NH2 undergoes hydrolysis in a nearly indistinguishable fashion. A free α carboxylate moiety is essential for this effect. Carboxylate linked Fmoc-glutamic-amide-γ-CONH-(CH2)6-NH2 undergoes no hydrolysis under acidic conditions. Based on these findings, we engineered a cysteine specific MTX containing reagent. Its linkage to bovine serum albumin (BSA) yielded a conjugate with profound antiproliferative efficacy in a MTX-sensitive glioma cell line. In conclusion, carboxylate linked MTX-amino derivatives in particular, and carboxylate linked R-α-GLU-γ amino compounds in general are equipped with‘built-in chemical machinery’ that releases them under mild acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzik Cooper
- BBB-group, The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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7
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Bashi T, Shovman O, Fridkin M, Volkov A, Barshack I, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Novel therapeutic compound tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 184:19-28. [PMID: 26618631 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with helminthes and helminthes ova improved the clinical symptoms of several autoimmune diseases in patients and in animal models. Phosphorylcholine (PC) proved to be the immunomodulatory molecule. We aimed to decipher the tolerogenic potential of tuftsin-PC (TPC), a novel helminth-based compound in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CIA DBA/1 mice were treated with TPC subcutaneously (5 µg/0.1 ml) or orally (250 µg/0.1 ml), starting prior to disease induction. The control groups were treated with PBS. Collagen antibodies were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cytokine protein levels by ELISA kits and regulatory T (Treg ) and regulatory B (Breg ) cell phenotypes by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). TPC-treated mice had a significantly lower arthritis score of 1.5 in comparison with control mice 11.8 (P < 0.0001) in both subcutaneous and orally treated groups at day 31. Moreover, histology analysis demonstrated highly inflamed joints in control mice, whereas TPC-treated mice maintained normal joint structure. Furthermore, TPC decreased the titres of circulating collagen II antibodies in mice sera (P < 0.0001), enhanced expression of IL-10 (P < 0.0001) and inhibited production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-1β (P < 0.0001). TPC significantly expanded the CD4(+) CD25(+) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3(+) ) Treg cells and CD19(+) IL-10(+) CD5(high) CD1d(high) T cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1(+) ) Breg cell phenotypes (P < 0.0001) in treated mice. Our data indicate that treatment with TPC attenuates CIA in mice demonstrated by low arthritic score and normal joints histology. TPC treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as expansion of Treg and Breg cells. Our results may lead to a new approach for a natural therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bashi
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - O Shovman
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - A Volkov
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - I Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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8
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Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim M. New approaches to treating Alzheimer's disease. Perspect Medicin Chem 2015; 7:1-8. [PMID: 25733799 PMCID: PMC4327405 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, no truly efficacious drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been developed; moreover, all new anti-AD drugs developed since 2003 have failed. To succeed where previous ones have failed in drug development, new approaches for AD therapy are needed. Here we discuss the potential application of network medicine as a new approach to AD treatment. Unlike traditional approaches focused on a single target/pathway, network medicine targets and restores disease-disrupted networks through simultaneous modulation of numerous proteins (targets)/pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. We consider several drug candidates under development for AD therapy, including Keap1–Nrf2 regulators, endogenous neurogenic agents, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activators. These drug candidates are multi-target ligands with the potential to further develop as network medicines, since they act as master regulators to initiate a broad range of cellular defense mechanisms/cytoprotective genes that exert their efficacy in a holistic way. We also explore their diverse mechanisms of action and potential disease-modifying effects, which may have profound implications for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Intra-cellular Therapies Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Ben-Ami Shor D, Bashi T, Lachnish J, Fridkin M, Bizzaro G, Barshak I, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Phosphorylcholine-tuftsin compound prevents development of dextransulfate-sodium-salt induced murine colitis: implications for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. J Autoimmun 2014; 56:111-7. [PMID: 25479760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved clinical findings of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) upon treatment with helminthes and their ova were proven in animal models of IBD and in human clinical studies. The immunomodulatory properties of several helminthes were attributed to the phosphorylcholine (PC) molecule. We assessed the therapeutic potential of tuftsin-PC conjugate (TPC) to attenuate murine colitis. Colitis was induced by Dextransulfate-Sodium-Salt (DSS) in drinking water. TPC was given by daily oral ingestion (50 μg/0.1 ml/mouse or PBS) starting at day -2. Disease activity index (DAI) score was followed daily and histology of the colon was performed by H&E staining. Analysis of the cytokines profile in distal colon lysates was performed by immunoblot. Treatment of DSS induced colitis with TPC prevented the severity of colitis, including a reduction in the DAI score, less shortening of the colon and less inflammatory activity in histology. The immunoblot showed that the colitis preventive activity of TPC was associated with downregulation of colon pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNFα and IL-17 cytokines expression, and enhancement of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine expression. In the current study, we demonstrated that TPC treatment can prevent significantly experimental colitis induction in naïve mice. We propose the TPC as a novel potential small synthetic molecule to treat colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ben-Ami Shor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tomer Bashi
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jordan Lachnish
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giorgia Bizzaro
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Iris Barshak
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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10
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Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim M. From single target to multitarget/network therapeutics in Alzheimer's therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:113-35. [PMID: 24463342 PMCID: PMC3942689 DOI: 10.3390/ph7020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves many proteins (enzymes), processes and pathways, which overlap and influence one another in AD pathogenesis. This complexity challenges the dominant paradigm in drug discovery or a single-target drug for a single mechanism. Although this paradigm has achieved considerable success in some particular diseases, it has failed to provide effective approaches to AD therapy. Network medicines may offer alternative hope for effective treatment of AD and other complex diseases. In contrast to the single-target drug approach, network medicines employ a holistic approach to restore network dysfunction by simultaneously targeting key components in disease networks. In this paper, we explore several drugs either in the clinic or under development for AD therapy in term of their design strategies, diverse mechanisms of action and disease-modifying potential. These drugs act as multi-target ligands and may serve as leads for further development as network medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Intra-cellular Therapies Inc. 3960 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Moussa Youdim
- Abital Pharma Pipeline Ltd., Tel Aviv 6789141, Israel.
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11
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Cooper I, Sasson K, Teichberg VI, Schnaider-Beeri M, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Peptide derived from HIV-1 TAT protein destabilizes a monolayer of endothelial cells in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier and allows permeation of high molecular weight proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44676-83. [PMID: 23150670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.395384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chemotherapeutic agents are blood-brain barrier (BBB) impermeants. HIV-1-derived TAT protein variants contain a transmembrane domain, which may enable them to cross the BBB and reach the brain. Here we synthesized CAYGRKKRRQRRR, a peptide containing a cysteine moiety attached to the N terminus of the transmembrane domain (C-TAT peptide), and studied its effects in an in vitro BBB model, which we found to reflect penetration by a receptor-independent pathway. Incubation of the brain capillary endothelial cell monolayer with 0.3-0.6 μmol/ml of this C-TAT peptide, for a period of 1-2 h, destabilizes brain capillary endothelial cell monolayer and introduces the ability of impermeant therapeutic agents including high molecular weight proteins to penetrate it substantially. The cysteinyl moiety at position 1 of the C-TAT peptide contributes largely to the destabilizing potency and the penetration efficacy of impermeant substances. The destabilizing effect was reversed using heparin. In summary, experimental conditions allowing a significant increase in entry of impermeant low and high molecular weight substances from the luminal (blood) to the abluminal side (brain) were found in an in vitro BBB model reflecting in vivo protein penetrability by a receptor-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzik Cooper
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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12
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Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim MBH. From antioxidant chelators to site-activated multi-target chelators targeting hypoxia inducing factor, beta-amyloid, acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase A/B. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012; 12:364-70. [PMID: 22303968 DOI: 10.2174/138955712800493898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chelators hold great promise as disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's therapy, and recent research efforts have focused on designing multi-target chelators with increased targeting and efficacy through rational drug design. In this review, we discuss our research studies on the rational design of new multi-target chelators with the potential not only to simultaneously modulate several disease-related targets, but also contain features designed to improve the BBB permeability, increase the brain targeting, and minimize potential side effects. These new chelators include neuroprotective chelators with brain selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) A/B inhibitory activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors with site-activated chelating and neurogenesis activity, and AChE-MAO A/B inhibitors with site-activated chelating and neurogenesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Intra-cellular Therapies Inc., New York, NY 10032, USA.
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13
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Zheng H, Amit T, Bar-Am O, Fridkin M, Youdim MBH, Mandel SA. From anti-Parkinson's drug rasagiline to novel multitarget iron chelators with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory and neuroprotective properties for Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30:1-16. [PMID: 22387411 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial syndrome involving a complex array of different, while related, factors in its progression. Accordingly, novel approaches that can simultaneously modulate several disease-related targets hold great promise for the effective treatment of AD. This review describes the development of novel hybrid molecules with multimodal activity, including: i) M30, the brain permeable selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B inhibitor with chelating and neuroprotective activity; ii) HLA20, a brain permeable metal chelator with neuroprotective activity; iii) HLA20A, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with site-activated chelating and neuroprotective activity; iv) M30D, an AChE and MAO-A and -B inhibitor with site-activated chelating and neuroprotective activity; and v) analogs of the neuroprotective aminoacid peptide, NAPVSIPQ. HLA20A and M30D act as pro-chelators and can be activated to liberate their respective active chelators HLA20 and M30 through pseudo inhibition of AChE. We first discuss the knowledge and structure-based strategy for the rational design of these novel compounds. Then, we review our recent studies on these drug candidates, regarding their wide range in vitro and in vivo activities, with emphasis on antioxidant-chelating potency and AchE and MAO-A and -B inhibitory activity, as well as neuroprotective/neurorescue effects. Finally, we discuss the diverse molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds with relevance to AD, including modulation of amyloid-β and amyloid-β protein precursor expression/processing; induction of cell cycle arrest; inhibition of neuronal death markers; and upregulation of neurotrophic factors, as well as activation of protein kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., New York, NY, USA
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Shechter Y, Sasson K, Lev-Goldman V, Rubinraut S, Rubinstein M, Fridkin M. Newly Designed Modifier Prolongs the Action of Short-Lived Peptides and Proteins by Allowing Their Binding to Serum Albumin. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1577-86. [DOI: 10.1021/bc3000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Shechter
- Departments
of Biological Chemistry, ‡Organic Chemistry and §Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100,
Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Departments
of Biological Chemistry, ‡Organic Chemistry and §Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100,
Israel
| | - Vered Lev-Goldman
- Departments
of Biological Chemistry, ‡Organic Chemistry and §Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100,
Israel
| | - Sara Rubinraut
- Departments
of Biological Chemistry, ‡Organic Chemistry and §Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100,
Israel
| | - Menachem Rubinstein
- Departments
of Biological Chemistry, ‡Organic Chemistry and §Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100,
Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Departments
of Biological Chemistry, ‡Organic Chemistry and §Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100,
Israel
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15
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Zheng H, Fridkin M, B.H. Youdim M. Novel Chelators Targeting Cell Cycle Arrest, Acetylcholinesterase, and Monoamine Oxidase for Alzheimer's Therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2012; 13:1089-106. [DOI: 10.2174/138945012802009026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Blank M, Baraam L, Eisenstein M, Fridkin M, Dardik R, Heldman Y, Katchalski-Katzir E, Shoenfeld Y. β2-Glycoprotein-I based peptide regulate endothelial-cells tissue-factor expression via negative regulation of pGSK3β expression and reduces experimental-antiphospholipid-syndrome. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:8-17. [PMID: 21524885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thromboembolic phenomena and recurrent fetal loss associated with elevated circulating anti-phospholipid/beta2glycoprotein-I(β2GPI)-binding-antibodies(Abs). Individual APS patients harbor diverse clusters of circulating anti-β2GPI Abs, targeting different epitopes on the β2GPI molecule. Our novel approach was to construct a peptide composed of β2GPI-ECs-binding-site (phospholipids-membrane), named "EMBI". EMBI exert dual activities: a) At first EMBI prevented β2GPI ECs binding, thus reduced by 89% the binding of β2GPI/anti-β2GPI to the cells in comparison with 9.3% inhibition by EMBI scrambled form (scEMBI). b) Longer exposure of ECs to EMBI resulted in intracellular EMBI penetration which did not prevent β2GPI/anti-β2GPI binding to HUVEC. Surprisingly, β2GPI/anti-β2GPI did not activate ECs harboring EMBI, illustrated by prevention of E-selectin and tissue factor (TF) expression. The inhibition of TF mRNA transcription was illustrated by quantitative RT-PCR. EMBI decreased the expression of phosphorylated JNK1/2, p38, HSP27 and enhanced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK3β). Knocking down the GSK3β expression by siRNA-GSK3β, reduced the TF expression by β2GPI/anti-β2GPI-exposed-HUVEC. In-vivo, EMBI significantly decreased the percentage of fetal loss in naïve mice infused with anti-β2GPI Abs, p<0.04. Thus, the dual activity of EMBI may introduce EMBI as a potential novel candidate peptide, to treat patients with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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17
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Zheng H, Youdim MBH, Fridkin M. Selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activated by acetylcholinesterase releases an active chelator with neurorescuing and anti-amyloid activities. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:737-46. [PMID: 22778810 DOI: 10.1021/cn100069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) colocalizes with β-amyloid (Aβ) and promotes and accelerates Aβ aggregation has renewed an intense interest in developing new multifunctional AChE inhibitors as potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's therapy. To this end, we have developed a new class of selective AChE inhibitors with site-activated chelating activity. The identified lead, HLA20A, exhibits little affinity for metal (Fe, Cu, and Zn) ions but can be activated following inhibition of AChE to liberate an active chelator, HLA20. HLA20 has been shown to possess neuroprotective and neurorescuing activities in vitro and in vivo with the ability to lower amyloid precursor holoprotein (APP) expression and Aβ generation and inhibit Aβ aggregation induced by metal (Fe, Cu, and Zn) ion. HLA20A inhibited AChE in a time and concentration dependent manner with an HLA20A-AChE complex constant (K(i)) of 9.66 × 10(-6) M, a carbamylation rate (k(+2)) of 0.14 min(-1), and a second-order rate (k(i)) of 1.45 × 10 (4) M(-1) min(-1), comparable to those of rivastigmine. HLA20A showed little iron-binding capacity and activity against iron-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) at concentrations of 1-50 μM, while HLA20 exhibited high potency in iron-binding and in inhibiting iron-induced LPO. At a concentration of 10 μM, HLA20A showed some activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B when tested in rat brain homogenates. Defined restrictively by Lipinski's rules, both HLA20A and HLA20 satisfied drug-like criteria and possible oral and brain permeability, but HLA20A was more lipophilic and considerably less toxic in human SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells at high concentrations (25 or 50 μM). Together our data suggest that HLA20A may represent a promising lead for further development for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100, Israel
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18
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Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim MBH. Site-activated chelators derived from anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline as a potential safer and more effective approach to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:2117-23. [PMID: 20981484 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
chelators can modulate β-amyloid accumulation, protect against tau hyperphosphorylation, and block metal-related oxidative stress, and thereby hold considerable promise as effective anti-AD drugs. At present, a growing interest is focusing on increasing the efficacy and targeting of chelators through drug design. To this end, we have developed a new class of multifunctional prochelators from three FDA- approved drugs rasagiline, rivastigmine, and donepezil or tacrine. HLA20 A was designed by merging the important pharmacophores of rasagiline, rivastigmine, and donepezil into our newly developed multifunctional chelator HLA20. M30D was constructed using the key pharmacophoric moieties from rasagiline, rivastigmine, and tacrine. Experiments showed that both compounds possess potent anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro with weak inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and without significant metal-binding activity. M30D was found also to be a highly potent MAO A inhibitor with moderate inhibition of MAO B in vitro. Both HLA20 and M30D can be activated by inhibition of AChE to release active chelators HLA20 and M30, respectively. HLA20 and M30 have been shown to be able to modulate amyloid precursor protein regulation and beta-amyloid reduction, suppress oxidative stress, and passivate excess metal ions (Fe, Cu, and Zn). Compared with the activated chelator HLA20 or M30, both HLA20A and M30D exhibited lower cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, substantiating the prochelator strategy for minimizing toxicity associated with poor targeted chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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19
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Zheng H, Youdim MBH, Fridkin M. Site-activated chelators targeting acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase for Alzheimer's therapy. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:603-10. [PMID: 20455574 DOI: 10.1021/cb900264w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chelators have the potential to treat the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their therapeutic use is hampered by their poor targeting and poor permeability to the brain and/or toxic effects. Here, we report a new strategy for designing site-activated chelators targeting both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). We demonstrated that our lead 2 inhibited both AChE and MAO in vitro, but with little affinity for metal (Fe, Cu, and Zn) ions. Compound 2 can be activated by inhibition of AChE to release an active chelator M30. M30 has been shown to be able to modulate amyloid precursor protein regulation and beta-amyloid reduction, suppress oxidative stress, and passivate excess metal ions (Fe, Cu, and Zn). Compound 2 was less cytotoxic and more lipophilic than the brain-permeable chelator M30. Our new strategy is relatively simple and generally produces small and simple molecules with drug-like properties; it thus holds a potential use in designing site-activated multifunctional chelators with safer and more efficacious properties for treating other metal-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease and cancer where specific elimination of metals in cancer cells is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Current address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Intra-cellular Therapies Inc., 3960 Broadway, New York, New York 10032
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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20
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Rubin N, Perugia E, Wolf SG, Klein E, Fridkin M, Addadi L. Relation between Serum Amyloid A Truncated Peptides and Their Suprastructure Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4242-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja909345p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Rubin
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, and Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Emanuel Perugia
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, and Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Sharon G. Wolf
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, and Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Eugenia Klein
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, and Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, and Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, and Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
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21
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Sasson K, Marcus Y, Lev-Goldman V, Rubinraut S, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Engineering prolonged-acting prodrugs employing an albumin-binding probe that undergoes slow hydrolysis at physiological conditions. J Control Release 2010; 142:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Zheng H, Youdim MBH, Fridkin M. Site-activated multifunctional chelator with acetylcholinesterase and neuroprotective-neurorestorative moieties for Alzheimer's therapy. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4095-8. [PMID: 19485411 DOI: 10.1021/jm900504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy to develop site-activated multifunctional chelators for targeting multiple etiologies of Alzheimer's disease is reported. The novel prochelator HLA20A with improved cytotoxicity shows little affinity for metal ions until it is activated by binding and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), releasing an active chelator HLA20 that modulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulation and beta-amyloid (Abeta) reduction, suppresses oxidative stress, and passivates excess metal ions (Fe, Cu, and Zn) in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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23
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Kasher R, Bajayo A, Gabet Y, Nevo N, Fridkin M, Katchalski-Katzir E, Kohen F, Bab I. Restrain of bone growth by estrogen-mimetic peptide-1 (EMP-1): a micro-computed tomographic study. Peptides 2009; 30:1181-6. [PMID: 19463753 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has a key role in the regulation of skeletal growth and maintenance of bone mass. Recently, we developed peptides having estrogen-like activity as potential estrogen-based new drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of long-term administration of the most efficacious of these peptides, the hexapeptide EMP-1 (VSWFFE), on bone mass and development. EMP-1 was injected daily to ovariectomized (OVX) and intact young, sexually mature female mice for 10 weeks. Whole femora, including the cartilaginous growth plates were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (microCT). We found that peptide EMP-1 restrains bone growth in OVX mice: it inhibited dramatically bone longitudinal growth (40%), and decreased femoral diaphyseal diameter. Peptide EMP-1 had no effect on bone growth in normal mice, and did not influence the OVX-induced bone loss. We then developed a new microCT methodology to evaluate uncalcified and calcified growth plate parameters. In the OVX mice, peptide EMP-1 reduced volume and thickness of the uncalcified growth plate, a possible cause for the inhibition of bone longitudinal growth. Peptide EMP-1 may be used as a lead compound for the development of drugs to treat acromegalic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Kasher
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
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Abstract
The ortho-nitrobenzyl group (ONBzl) was utilized to protect the phenolic functions of the side chain of tyrosine. Optimal conditions for its mild photolyti removal were established. This paper describes the preparation and properties of some (O-ONBzl)-tyrosine derivatives of potential value in the synthesis of tyrosine-containing peptides. Their use in the synthesis of the dipeptide, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosyl-glycine ethyl ester is presented as an example.
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26
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Lev-Goldman V, Mester B, Ben-Aroya N, Hanoch T, Rupp B, Stanoeva T, Gescheidt G, Seger R, Koch Y, Weiner L, Fridkin M. Conjugates of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) with carminic acid: Synthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6789-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marcus Y, Sasson K, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Turning Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs into Prolonged Acting Prodrugs by Reversible Pegylation: A Study with Gentamicin. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4300-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Marcus
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Dangoor D, Biondi B, Gobbo M, Vachutinski Y, Fridkin M, Gozes I, Rocchi R. Novel glycosylated VIP analogs: synthesis, biological activity, and metabolic stability. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:321-8. [PMID: 17924396 DOI: 10.1002/psc.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prominent neuropeptide, exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activities in mammals. However, the clinical applications of VIP are mainly hampered because of its rapid degradation in vivo. Peptide glycosylation, a procedure frequently used to increase peptide resistance to proteolytic degradation and consequently increase peptide metabolic stability, has not been performed yet on VIP. The presence of three N-glycosylation sites on VIP receptor type 1 (VPAC1) was previously demonstrated. Therefore, glycosylation of the VIP ligand could potentially increase its receptor affinity because of glyco-glyco interactions between the ligand and the receptor. In order to enhance VIP's metabolic stability and to increase its ligand-receptor binding/activation, eight glycosylated VIP derivatives were successfully synthesized by the solid-phase procedure. Each VIP analog was monoglycosylated by a monosaccharide addition to one amino-acid residue along the sequence. Glycosylation did not affect the alpha-helical structure shown by the native VIP in organic environment. Few glycosylated VIP analogs displayed highly potent VPAC1 receptor binding and cAMP-induced activation; only 4-6 fold lower in comparison to the native VIP. Furthermore, the peptide analog glycosylated on Thr11 ([11Glyc]VIP) showed a significantly enhanced stability toward trypsin enzymatic degradation in comparison to VIP. Analysis of the degradation products of [11Glyc]VIP showed that differently from VIP, incubation of the peptide [11Glyc]VIP with trypsin resulted in no cleavage at the Arg12-Leu13 peptide bond, suggesting that VIP glycosylation may lead to enhanced metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dangoor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Trebicz-Geffen M, Robinson D, Evron Z, Glaser T, Fridkin M, Kollander Y, Vlodavsky I, Ilan N, Law KF, Cheah KSE, Chan D, Werner H, Nevo Z. The molecular and cellular basis of exostosis formation in hereditary multiple exostoses. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:321-31. [PMID: 18452536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The different clinical entities of osteochondromas, hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) and non-familial solitary exostosis, are known to express localized exostoses in their joint metaphyseal cartilage. In the current study biopsies of osteochondromas patients were screened with respect to a number of cellular and molecular parameters. Specifically, cartilaginous biopsy samples of nine HME patients, 10 solitary exostosis patients and 10 articular cartilages of control subjects were collected and cell cultures were established. Results obtained showed that one of the two HME samples that underwent DNA sequencing analysis (HME-1) had a novel mutation for an early stop codon, which led to an aberrant protein, migrating at a lower molecular weight position. The EXT-1 mRNA and protein levels in chondrocyte cultures derived from all nine HME patients were elevated, compared with solitary exostosis patients or control subjects. Furthermore, cell cultures of HME patients had significantly decreased pericellular heparan sulphate (HS) in comparison with cultures of solitary exostosis patients or control subjects. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections and Western blotting of cell cultures derived from HME patients revealed higher levels of heparanase compared with solitary exostosis patients and of control subjects. Further investigations are needed to determine whether the low pericellular HS levels in HME patients stem from decreased biosynthesis of HS, increased degradation or a combination of both. In conclusion, it appears that due to a mutated glycosyltransferase, the low content of pericellular HS in HME patients leads to the anatomical deformations with exostoses formation. Hence, elevation of HS content in the pericellular regions should be a potential molecular target for correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Shechter Y, Mironchik M, Rubinraut S, Tsubery H, Sasson K, Marcus Y, Fridkin M. Reversible pegylation of insulin facilitates its prolonged action in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:19-28. [PMID: 18495444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to engineer a novel long-acting insulin based on the following properties: (i) action as a prodrug to preclude supraphysiological concentrations shortly after injection; (ii) maintenance of low-circulating level of biologically active insulin for prolonged period; and (iii) high solubility in aqueous solution. A spontaneously hydrolyzable prodrug was thus designed and prepared by conjugating insulin through its amino side chains to a 40kDa polyethylene glycol containing sulfhydryl moiety (PEG(40)-SH), employing recently developed hetero-bifunctional spacer 9-hydroxymethyl-7(amino-3-maleimidopropionate)-fluorene-N-hydroxysucinimide (MAL-Fmoc-0Su). A conjugate trapped in the circulatory system and capable of releasing insulin by spontaneous chemical hydrolysis has been created. PEG(40)-Fmoc-insulin is a water-soluble, reactivatable prodrug with low biological activity. Upon incubation at physiological conditions, the covalently linked insulin undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis at a slow rate and in a linear fashion, releasing the nonmodified immunologically and biologically active insulin with a t(1/2) value of 30h. A single subcutaneous administration of PEG(40)-Fmoc-insulin to healthy and diabetic rodents facilitates prolonged glucose-lowering effects 4- to 7-fold greater than similar doses of the native hormone. The beneficial pharmacological features endowed by PEGylation are thus preserved. In contrast, nonreversible, "conventional" pegylation of insulin led to inactivation of the hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shechter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Rubin
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Emanuel Perugia
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Michal Goldschmidt
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
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32
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Cohen N, Stolarsky-Bennun M, Amir-Kroll H, Margalit R, Nussbaum G, Cohen-Sfady M, Pevsner-Fischer M, Fridkin M, Bercovier H, Eisenbach L, Jung S, Cohen IR. Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Is Immunogenic When Present on the Surface of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: TLR4 Signaling Induced by a Conjugate Vaccine or by Lipopolysaccharide Is Conducive. J Immunol 2008; 180:2409-18. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Blat D, Weiner L, Youdim MBH, Fridkin M. A Novel Iron-Chelating Derivative of the Neuroprotective Peptide NAPVSIPQ Shows Superior Antioxidant and Antineurodegenerative Capabilities. J Med Chem 2007; 51:126-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070800l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Blat
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and Eve Topf and U.S.A. National Parkinson Foundation Centers for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lev Weiner
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and Eve Topf and U.S.A. National Parkinson Foundation Centers for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and Eve Topf and U.S.A. National Parkinson Foundation Centers for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and Eve Topf and U.S.A. National Parkinson Foundation Centers for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Nesher M, Vachutinsky Y, Fridkin G, Schwarz Y, Sasson K, Fridkin M, Shechter Y, Lichtstein D. Reversible Pegylation Prolongs the Hypotensive Effect of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:342-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700294w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoz Nesher
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yelena Vachutinsky
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yehuda Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Lichtstein
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and Departments of Biological Chemistry and of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Van der Schyf C, Mandel S, Geldenhuys W, Amit T, Avramovich Y, Zheng H, Fridkin M, Gal S, Weinreb O, Am O, Sagi Y, Youdim M. Novel Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Drugs with Various CNS Neurotransmitter Targets and Neuroprotective Moieties. Curr Alzheimer Res 2007; 4:522-36. [DOI: 10.2174/156720507783018226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The effect of multiplication of the N-terminal domain of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the binding activity of the peptide was recently evaluated. A VIP analog with multiple N-terminal domains was found to be slightly more potent as compared to [Nle(17)]VIP towards VIP receptor type 1 (VPAC1)-related cAMP production. Here, the effect of multiplication of the C-terminal domain of VIP was evaluated with the aim of possibly amplifying peptide-receptor (VPAC1) binding and activation. Several VIP analogs were designed and synthesized, each carrying multiplication of the C-terminal domain that was obtained by either a simple linear tandem extension or by a unique branching methodology. Results show that despite significant alterations in the C-terminal domain of VIP that is considered essential to induce potent receptor binding, few peptides demonstrated only slight reduction in receptor binding and activation in comparison to [Nle(17)]VIP. Furthermore, a specific branched VIP analog with multiple C-terminal domains was equipotent to [Nle(17)]VIP in the cAMP production assay. Therefore, it is concluded that the association between the VIP ligand to the VIP receptor could be tolerable to size increases in the C-terminal region of the VIP ligand and multiplication of the C-terminal does not increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dangoor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Einstein Street, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Avramovich-Tirosh Y, Reznichenko L, Mit T, Zheng H, Fridkin M, Weinreb O, Mandel S, Youdim MBH. Neurorescue Activity, APP Regulation and Amyloid-β Peptide Reduction by Novel Multi-Functional Brain Permeable Iron- Chelating- Antioxidants,M-30 and Green Tea Polyphenol, EGCG. Curr Alzheimer Res 2007; 4:403-11. [PMID: 17908043 DOI: 10.2174/156720507781788927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of iron at sites where neurons degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to have a major role in oxidative stress induced process of neurodegeneration. The novel non-toxic lipophilic brain- permeable iron chelators, VK-28 (5- [4- (2- hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ylmethyl]- quinoline- 8- ol) and its multi-functional derivative, M-30 (5-[N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline), as well as the main polyphenol constituent of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which possesses iron metal chelating, radical scavenging and neuroprotective properties, offer potential therapeutic benefits for these diseases. M-30 and EGCG decreased apoptosis of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a neurorescue, serum deprivation model, via multiple protection mechanisms including: reduction of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bad and Bax, reduction of apoptosis-associated Ser139 phosphorylated H2A.X and inhibition of the cleavage and activation of caspase-3. M-30 and EGCG also promoted morphological changes, resulting in axonal growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) implicating neuronal differentiation. Both compounds significantly reduced the levels of cellular holo-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in SH-SY5Y cells. The ability of theses novel iron chelators and EGCG to regulate APP are in line with the presence of an iron-responsive element (IRE) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of APP. Also, EGCG reduced the levels of toxic amyloid-beta peptides in CHO cells over-expressing the APP "Swedish" mutation. The diverse molecular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways participating in the neuroprotective/neurorescue and APP regulation/processing actions of M-30 and EGCG, make these multifunctional compounds potential neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, AD, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Avramovich-Tirosh
- Eve Topf and USA NPF Centers of Excellence, Technion- Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Haifa, Israel
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Zhu W, Xie W, Pan T, Xu P, Fridkin M, Zheng H, Jankovic J, Youdim MBH, Le W. Prevention and restoration of lactacystin-induced nigrostriatal dopamine neuron degeneration by novel brain-permeable iron chelators. FASEB J 2007; 21:3835-44. [PMID: 17690154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8386com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and accumulation of iron in substantia nigra (SN) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). UPS dysfunction and iron misregulation may reinforce each other's contribution to the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons. In the present study, we use a new brain-permeable iron chelator, VK-28 [5-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazin-1-yl (methyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline], and its derivative M30 [5-(N-methyl-N-propargyaminomethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline] in vivo to test their neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties against proteasome inhibitor (lactacystin) -induced nigrostriatal degeneration. Bilateral microinjections of lactacystin (1.25 microg/side) into the mouse medial forebrain bundle were performed. Administration of VK-28 (5 mg/kg, once a day) or M30 (5 mg/kg, once a day) was applied intraperitoneally 7 days before or after the lactacystin microinjection until the mice were sacrificed 28 days after microinjection. We found that VK-28 and M30 both significantly improved behavioral performances and attenuated lactacystin-induced DA neuron loss, proteasomal inhibition, iron accumulation, and microglial activation in SN. In addition, M30 restored the Bcl-2 level, which was suppressed after lactacystin injection. These findings suggest that brain-permeable iron chelators can improve DA neuron survival under UPS impairment. Furthermore, M30, a derivative of VK-28 and neuroprotective agent rasagiline, may serve as a better neuroprotective therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Blank M, Anafi L, Zandman-Goddard G, Krause I, Goldman S, Shalev E, Cervera R, Font J, Fridkin M, Thiesen HJ, Shoenfeld Y. The efficacy of specific IVIG anti-idiotypic antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): trophoblast invasiveness and APS animal model. Int Immunol 2007; 19:857-65. [PMID: 17576752 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Administration of intravenous Ig (IVIG) is a recognized, safe and efficient mode of immunomodulatory therapy for many autoimmune diseases. Anti-idiotypic antibody binding to pathogenic autoantibodies and hence inhibition of binding to the corresponding antigen is one postulated mechanism of the beneficial effect of IVIG. The aim of this study was to fractionate the anti-beta-2-glycoprotein-I (beta(2)GPI) anti-idiotypic antibodies from a commercial IVIG preparation and use it as a treatment in an experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) mouse model. METHODS Anti-beta(2)GPI polyclonal antibodies were purified on a beta(2)GPI column. The purified antibodies were bound to CN-Br-activated sepharose and employed for purification of IVIG-anti-anti-beta(2)GPI (anti-idiotypic antibodies), defined as specific intravenous Ig (sIVIG). The idiotype specificities were confirmed by competition assays. The effect of sIVIG in vitro was tested in a trophoblast and choriocarcinoma matrigel/invasion assay (i.e. proliferation and metalloproteinase (MMP)2/MMP9 expression) and in vivo in a fetal loss model of APS. RESULTS Anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies inhibited human trophoblast cell invasion in vitro. The function was attributed to the Fab portion of the anti-beta(2)GPI Igs, since beta(2)GPI-related synthetic peptides specific for the Fab part of the anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies neutralized its activity. APS sIVIG fraction reduce human trophoblast invasion in vitro by 560 times more than the whole IVIG compound and improved the MMP2 and MMP9 production by trophoblast cells. sIVIG improved significantly (200 times more) the pregnancy outcome in BALB/c mice passively infused with anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies, in comparison to treatment with IVIG (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Based on the current results, we propose that APS sIVIG may be considered as potential specific therapeutic safe compound for developing a treatment for APS patient's early fetal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Blank
- The Autoimmune Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Zheng H, Blat D, Fridkin M. Novel neuroprotective neurotrophic NAP analogs targeting metal toxicity and oxidative stress: potential candidates for the control of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neural Transm Suppl 2007:163-72. [PMID: 17447427 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-33328-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A large body of data indicates that a cascade of events contributes to the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Metal (Fe, Cu, Zn) dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress are believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Accordingly, multifunctional compounds combining metal chelating and antioxidative activity hold a great promise as potential drugs for treating AD and PD. In this study, two novel NAPVSIPQ (NAP) analogs (M98 and M99) with potential antioxidant-metal chelating ability were designed and investigated, aiming to improve the poor metal chelating and antioxidative activity of NAP. Our studies showed that both M98 and M99 formed stable metal (Fe, Cu, Zn) complexes in water and demonstrated good metal (Fe, Cu, Zn) chelating properties as opposed to the poor metal (Fe, Cu, Zn) chelating properties of their parent peptide NAP. M98 and M99 exhibited significant inhibition of iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates at concentrations of > or = 30 microM, while NAP failed to show any inhibition even at 100 microM. In human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) culture, M98 and M99 at 1 microM completely protected against 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) toxicity with potency similar to NAP and desferal (DFO), a strong iron chelator and a highly potent radical scavenger. In PC12 cell culture, M98 at the range of 0.001-1 microM displayed potent protection against 6-OHDA toxicity, comparable to NAP and DFO. These results suggest that M98 and M99 deserve further investigation as potential drug candidates for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Rahimipour S, Palivan C, Freeman D, Barbosa F, Fridkin M, Weiner L, Mazur Y, Gescheidt G. Hypericin Derivatives: Substituent Effects on Radical-anion Formation. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740149hdseor2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rahimipour S, Bilkis I, Péron V, Gescheidt G, Barbosa F, Mazur Y, Koch Y, Weiner L, Fridkin M. Generation of Free Radicals by Emodic Acid and its [d-Lys6]GnRH-conjugate¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740226gofrbe2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Rahimipour S, Litichever-Coslovsky N, Alaluf M, Freeman D, Ehrenberg B, Weiner L, Mazur Y, Fridkin M, Koch Y. Novel Methyl Helianthrones as Photosensitizers: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Avramovich-Tirosh Y, Amit T, Bar-Am O, Zheng H, Fridkin M, Youdim MBH. Therapeutic targets and potential of the novel brain- permeable multifunctional iron chelator?monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug, M-30, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2007; 100:490-502. [PMID: 17144902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders comprise drug candidates designed specifically to act on multiple CNS targets. We have synthesized a multifunctional non-toxic, brain permeable iron chelator drug, M-30, possessing propargyl monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory neuroprotective and iron-chelating moieties, from our prototype iron chelator VK-28. In the present study M-30 was shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including pro-survival neurorescue effects, induction of neuronal differentiation and regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-amyloid (Abeta) levels. M-30 was found to decrease apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a neurorescue, serum deprivation model, via reduction of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax, and inhibition of the apoptosis-associated phosphorylated H2A.X protein (Ser 139) and caspase 3 activation. In addition, M-30 induced the outgrowth of neurites, triggered cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase and enhanced the expression of growth associated protein-43. Furthermore, M-30 markedly reduced the levels of cellular APP and beta-C-terminal fragment (beta-CTF) and the levels of the amyloidogenic Abeta peptide in the medium of SH-SY5Y cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the APP 'Swedish' mutation. Levels of the non-amyloidogenic soluble APPalpha and alpha-CTF in the medium and cell lysate respectively were coordinately increased. These properties, together with its brain selective MAO inhibitory and propargylamine- dependent neuroprotective effects, suggest that M-30 might serve as an ideal drug for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, in which oxidative stress and iron dysregulation have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Avramovich-Tirosh
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence, Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Haifa, Israel
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Lev-Goldman V, Mester B, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y, Weiner L, Fridkin M. Synthesis and active oxygen generation by new emodin derivatives and their gonadotropin-releasing hormone conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1008-16. [PMID: 16848409 DOI: 10.1021/bc050293r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop efficient chemotherapeutic agents targeted at malignant cells that express receptors, we synthesized five new emodin derivatives and their gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) conjugates to be used as potential photoactive conjugates. Emodin was modified at its hydroxy groups and included different spacers for conjugation of the peptide. We used electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping techniques to study the light-stimulated redox properties of the emodin derivatives and their GnRH conjugates. Upon irradiation, all new emodin derivatives and their conjugates stimulated the formation of singlet oxygen, that is, (1)O(2), and oxygen radicals, that is, O(2)(-)(*) and OH(*). However, substantial differences were found between the tested derivatives as to the efficacy of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Because of its superior ROS production properties, [d-Lys(6)(MeoEmo)]GnRH was selected as a leading conjugate. En-route to evaluate its targeting capacity, this potentially cytotoxic conjugate was tested in vitro to determine its hormonal activity and binding affinity to GnRH receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Lev-Goldman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Burov SV, Iablokova TV, Dorosh MI, Shkarubskaia ZP, Blank M, Epshteĭn N, Fridkin M. [Luliberin analogues exhibiting a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells in vitro]. Bioorg Khim 2006; 32:459-66. [PMID: 17042263 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162006050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Luliberin analogues modified at the N-terminus were synthesized to search for drugs exerting a cytotoxic effect on cells of hormone-dependent tumors. A synthetic scheme effective in the preparation of analogues containing fatty acid residues was proposed. The cytotoxic effect of the peptides was studied on a number of cell lines of human tumors in vitro. The dependence of the antitumor effect on the length of peptide chain, amino acid sequence, and structure of the N-terminal group was demonstrated. Modification with palmitic acid was found to result in highly active compounds in the case of analogues containing more than ten aa, whereas modifications with lauric, caproic, or trimethylacetic acid led to compounds with significantly lower activities. Analogues of luliberin containing a palmitic acid residue and effectively inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in vitro were synthesized.
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Dangoor D, Rubinraut S, Fridkin M, Gozes I. Novel extended and branched N-terminal analogs of VIP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 137:42-9. [PMID: 16962672 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are primarily mediated through VPAC1 and VPAC2, receptors that are preferentially coupled to adenylate cyclase activation. As a large majority of the potent VIP antagonists have modifications in the N-terminal domain of the peptide, the effect of multiplication of this domain on VIP was examined with the aim of possibly amplifying peptide-receptor (VPAC1) activation. Several VIP analogs were designed and synthesized, each carrying multiplication of the N-terminal domain that was obtained by either linear tandem extension or by parallel branching. Circular dichorism (CD) analysis revealed that these extended/branched peptides maintained an alpha helical structure in organic environment, similar to VIP. A specific branched VIP analog was found to be slightly more potent towards VPAC1-related cAMP production as compared to VIP. This analog could have potential therapeutic value in several disorders, similar to VIP. Two branched N-terminal VIP sequences demonstrated superior receptor binding and activation as compared to two N-terminals in tandem. The results suggest that correct alignment of the VIP N-terminal region is important for receptor binding and activation. However, increased receptor binding was not directly associated with increased cAMP production suggesting steric dynamic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dangoor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Einstein Street, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Husebye ES, Bratland E, Bredholt G, Fridkin M, Dayan M, Mozes E. The substrate-binding domain of 21-hydroxylase, the main autoantigen in autoimmune Addison's disease, is an immunodominant T cell epitope. Endocrinology 2006; 147:2411-6. [PMID: 16497795 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The steroidogenic enzyme 21-hydroxylase (21OH) is the main autoantigen in autoimmune primary adrenal failure (Addison's disease). Autoantibodies against 21OH are immunological markers of an ongoing autoimmune process but are not directly involved in the tissue destruction. Autoreactive T cells are thought to mediate tissue damage, but the T cell antigen(s) has not been identified. To find out whether 21OH contains important immunodominant epitopes for T cells, we first immunized BALB/c and SJL inbred mouse strains with recombinant 21OH and showed that lymph node cells proliferated effectively following in vitro stimulation with recombinant 21OH (stimulation indices (SI) 20-40). We further synthesized a series of peptides based on 21OH with amino acid sequences with propensity to bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Only a few peptides could trigger lymphocytes of 21OH-primed mice to proliferate. One of these, 21OH (342-361), stimulated effectively 21OH-primed lymph node cells of SJL mice (SI = 4-8) and also, although to a lesser extent, of BALB/c mice (SI = 2.5). When SJL mice were immunized with 21OH (342-361), the immunizing peptide as well as peptide 21OH (346-361) triggered a significant proliferative response (SI = 24). A peptide from another part of 21OH, namely 21OH (191-202), did not stimulate the 21OH (342-361)-primed cells. Moreover, stimulation of lymph node cells of mice immunized with 21OH (342-361) with 21OH resulted in a significant proliferative response. We conclude that 21OH (342-361) is an immunodominant determinant for T cells in SJL and probably BALB/c mice. 21OH (342-361) corresponds to the substrate binding site of the enzyme. The p342-361 region may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune adrenal failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Gal S, Fridkin M, Amit T, Zheng H, Youdim MBH. M30, a novel multifunctional neuroprotective drug with potent iron chelating and brain selective monoamine oxidase-ab inhibitory activity for Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 2006:447-56. [PMID: 17017567 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron and monoamine oxidase activity are increased in brain of Parkinson's disease (PD). They are associated with autoxidation and oxidative deamination of dopamine by MAO resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species and the onset of oxidative stress to induce neurodegeneration. Iron chelators (desferal, Vk-28 and clioquinol) but not copper chelators have been shown to be neuroprotective in the 6-hydroxydoapmine and MPTP models of Parkinson's disease (PD), as are monoamine oxidase B inhibitors such as selegiline and rasagiline. These findings prompted the development of multifunctional anti PD drugs possessing iron chelating phamacophore of VK-28 and the propargylamine MAO inhibitory activity of rasagiline. M30 is a potent iron chelator, radical scavenger and brain selective irreversible MAO-A and B inhibitor, with little inhibition of peripheral MAO. It has neuroprotective activity in in vitro and in vivo models of PD and unlike selective MAO-B inhibitors it increases brain dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. These findings indicate beside its anti PD action, it may also possess antidepressant activity, similar to selective MAO-A and nonselective MAO inhibitors. These properties make it an ideal anti PD drug for which it is being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gal
- Eve Topf and US National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Fridkin G, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Kapitkovsky A, Di-Segni S, Rosenberg M, Kustanovich I, Koch Y, Gilon C, Fridkin M. Novel cyclic azo-bridged analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:106-15. [PMID: 16059965 DOI: 10.1002/psc.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Five linear analogs of GnRH containing a p-aminophenylalanine (Pap) residue in their sequence and their six corresponding azo-bridged cyclic derivatives were synthesized. The precyclic peptides were prepared on solid-support, while azo-cyclization was performed in solution by diazotization of the p-aminophenylalanine residue followed by intramolecular coupling of the formed diazo salt with either tyrosine or histidine side chains present in the sequence. All peptides were examined for their binding ability to the GnRH receptor expressed on rat pituitary membranes and for their LH-release activity from dispersed rat pituitary cells. Linear analogs 1 i.e [Pap(5)] GnRH and 3, i.e. [Tyr(3), Pap(5)] GnRH, were found to bind to the GnRH receptors only slightly less avidly than native GnRH. Their cyclization, however, led to a marked reduction in the binding capacity, i.e. from IC(50) of 10(-9) M to the 10(-7) M range, and in biopotency, i.e. LH-release. All other linear and cyclic peptides were found to bind selectively to the GnRH receptor only in the low microM range. Only peptide 1 was found comparable to native GnRH in respect to LH-release activity and thus may potentially be a good agonist of the parent peptide. Peptides 1-4, the most potent GnRH receptor binders, were examined for their conformational properties using CD. Cyclic-azo peptides 2 and 4 were further evaluated by NMR spectroscopy in solution combined with molecular modeling. The structural information obtained explains in part the GnRH-like biological activity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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