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Rubini M, Gozzi A, Libianchi N, Dellù E, Spanò F, Di Biasi C, Pendenza M, Sala P, Filannino F, Zaio P. Metastatic cancer and endentulism: Exploring comorbidity to assist with differential diagnosis in a case from Vico nel Lazio (Fr, Italy), 13th-15th century CE. Int J Paleopathol 2022; 38:1-12. [PMID: 35679660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To differentially diagnose cranial lesions noted on a medieval skeleton and explore the importance of comorbidity. MATERIALS A skull of an adult female with osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions, edentulism, and an ectopic tooth from an ossuary of the Church of Santa Maria in Vico del Lazio, Frosinone Italy, dating to the Middle Ages. METHODS Macroscopic observations of the remains, CT scan, and differential diagnosis was undertaken. RESULTS A diagnosis of metastatic cancer (potentially breast cancer) or metastatic neuroblastoma (NBL) is offered. CONCLUSIONS Considering the noted comorbidities, this case might represent a rare case of metastatic neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE The exploration of comorbidity, in this case the presence of metastatic carcinoma and edentulism, has tremendous potential to expand our knowledge about cancer in the past. LIMITATIONS Lack of postcranial elements. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Clinical and paleopathological investigation of comorbidity in modern and archeological populations to develop an evolutionary perspective on the presence of cancer in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rubini
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy; Department of Archeology, University of Foggia, Via Antonio Gramsci, 89, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Nunzia Libianchi
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Dellù
- S.A.B.A.P.- BA, Physical Anthropology Service, Via Pier l'Eremita 25/B, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Spanò
- Emergency Diagnostics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Biasi
- Emergency Diagnostics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pendenza
- Techniques of Medical Radiology, Imaging and Radiotherapy, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sala
- Techniques of Medical Radiology, Imaging and Radiotherapy, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Filannino
- Techniques of Medical Radiology, Imaging and Radiotherapy, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zaio
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy
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2
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Festa G, Rubini M, Zaio P, Gozzi A, Libianchi N, Parker SF, Romanelli G, de Carvalho LAEB, Marques MPM. Vibrational spectroscopy to study ancient Roman funerary practices at the "Hypogeum of the Garlands" (Italy). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3707. [PMID: 35260648 PMCID: PMC8904470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Hypogeum of the Garlands” is a sepulchral site, recently found in Grottaferrata (Lazio, Italy), dating back to the first-second century AD. Two sarcophagi were discovered inside, hosting the human remains of Aebutia Quarta, a rich Roman woman, and her son Carvilius Gemellus. While the body of Carvilius is exceptionally well-preserved, following its embalming and perfect sealing of the sarcophagus, in the case of Aebutia only the bones were preserved because of the sarcophagus’s seal breaking down, although she was covered with perfectly preserved flower garlands. Embalming of the body was a rare ritual in the Imperial Roman times when corpses were more often cremated. The remains of Aebutia showed possible traces of heating. Burned bones from a third individual were discovered on the chamber’s floor and preliminary anthropological survey showed that this individual was a male of 40–50 years old. Here, a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including non-destructive inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy, and minimally destructive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were applied to the analysis of these bone samples to give information about ancient Roman funerary practices. The temperature and burning conditions were thus determined, showing that Aebutia Quarta was exposed to mild temperatures (200 °C) only in the upper part of the body, while the third individual was likely cremated as its bones were exposed to temperatures up to 900 °C in quasi-anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Festa
- CREF - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Rubini
- Anthropological Service S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy.,Department of Archaeology, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - P Zaio
- Anthropological Service S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy
| | - A Gozzi
- Anthropological Service S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy
| | - N Libianchi
- Anthropological Service S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy
| | - S F Parker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - G Romanelli
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - L A E Batista de Carvalho
- "Molecular Physical Chemistry" R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M P M Marques
- "Molecular Physical Chemistry" R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Freund A, Poess J, De Waha-Thiele S, Meyer-Saraei R, Fuernau G, Zeymer U, Feistritzer HJ, Rubini M, Oldroyd K, Windecker S, Montalescot G, Schneider S, Baran D, Desch S, Thiele H. Comparison of risk prediction models in infarct-related cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several prediction models have been developed to allow accurate risk assessment and provide better treatment guidance in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock (CS). However, comparative data between these models are still scarce.
Objectives
To externally validate different risk prediction models in infarct-related CS and compare their predictive value in the early clinical course.
Methods
The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS)-II Score, the CardShock score, the IABP-SHOCK II score and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) classification were each externally validated in a total of 1055 patients with infarct-related CS enrolled into the randomized CULPRIT-SHOCK trial or the corresponding registry. Discriminative power was assessed by comparing area under the curves (AUC) in case of continuous scores.
Results
In direct comparison of the continuous scores in a total of 161 patients, the IABP-SHOCK II score revealed best discrimination (AUC=0.74), followed by the CardShock score (AUC=0.69) and the SAPS-II score, giving only moderate discrimination (AUC=0.63). All of the three scores revealed acceptable calibration by Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The SCAI classification as a categorical predictive model displayed good prognostic assessment for the highest risk group (stage E), but showed poor discrimination between stages C and D with respect to short-term-mortality.
Conclusion
Based on the present findings, the IABP-SHOCK II score appears to be the most suitable of the examined models for immediate risk prediction in infarct-related CS. Prospective evaluation of the models, further modification or even development of new scores might be necessary to reach higher levels of discrimination.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Union, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Survival probabilities continuous scoresSurvival probabilities SCAI
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Affiliation(s)
- A Freund
- Heart Center at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Poess
- Heart Center at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - G Fuernau
- University Heart Center, Luebeck, Germany
| | - U Zeymer
- Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - M Rubini
- Heart Center at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Oldroyd
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Windecker
- Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - S Schneider
- Stiftung Institut fuer Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - D Baran
- Sentara Cardiovascular Research Institute, Norfolk, United States of America
| | - S Desch
- Heart Center at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Thiele
- Heart Center at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Saldías E, Malgosa A, Jordana X, Martínez-Labarga C, Coppa A, Rubini M, Vila B, Isidro A. A new methodology to estimate flat foot in skeletal remains - the example of Mediterranean collections. Homo 2021; 72:281-292. [PMID: 34296244 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2021/1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Flat feet (pes planus) are considered a postural defect caused by the collapse of the longitudinal arch, producing complete or near-complete contact of the sole of the foot with the ground. Pes planus has been well-studied in clinical literature and paleoanthropology but has not been approached extensively in bioarchaeology. The main difficulty is related to the diagnosis of this pathology based exclusively on bone remains. In this work, we propose a metric and morphological method to discriminate flat foot in dry bones. Thus, we studied 390 pairs of adult feet in a fair state of preservation from archaeological contexts from Spain, Italy, and Oman. Morphological variability, angles, and dimensions of both the normal bones and the bones displaying flat foot characteristics were analyzed. We found a correlation between the presence of flat foot and some morphological and metric features, mainly in the subtalar and Chopart joints. These results are expressed through a combination of morphological and metric variables, which are useful to discriminate between these two groups. No markedly significant differences of flat foot frequencies between the Spanish and Italian series were found across centuries. However, we noticed a notable increase of the prevalence of flat foot in the contemporary collection, possibly due to the consequences of a rise in life expectancy and modern styles of footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Saldías
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Assumpció Malgosa
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Jordana
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- Dipartimento di Biologia. Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata. Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma. Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00152, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- Servizio di Antropologia della S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ. Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Vila
- Sanisera Archaeology Institute, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Albert Isidro
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Rubini M, Libianchi N, Gozzi A, Cerroni V, Cassieri N, Minniti B, Zaio P. Biological history of an Italian prehistoric community and the population of the central Italy during the 1 st millennium BCE. Homo 2021; 71:219-244. [PMID: 32567647 DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the population of Central Italy during the 1st millennium BCE is a crucial topic in the biological history of the Mediterranean basin. This period saw the emergence of the Etruscan and Roman cultures which had a significant impact on the bio-cultural history of the region. In this study, we analyse a prehistoric population from Caracupa (Iron Age, Latium, Central Italy). The results suggest an overall good level of health for the population. Despite this, some musculoskeletal changes related to biomechanical stressors were observed, probably as the result of strenuous physical activity. The results of a Simple Matching analysis of intragroup distance distributions suggest potential model of kinship structures and lineages. This may be due to the relative geographic isolation of the Caracupa population. Furthermore, in order to investigate the wider population of Central Italy during the 1st millennium BCE, we have constructed a population pattern using genetic and phenotypic skeletal and dental traits. The comparison between Central Italy and more isolated populations indicated a divergence between the Western and Eastern sides of Central Italy. However, we do not exclude a probable common genetic substratum for all Central Italian populations during the 1st millennium BCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rubini
- SABAP-RM-MET - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Cavalletti 2, Rome, 00169, Italy.,SABAP-LAZ - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Pompeo Magno 2, Rome, 00193, Italy.,Archaeology Department Foggia University, Largo Civitella 1, Foggia, 66100, Italy
| | - Nunzia Libianchi
- SABAP-RM-MET - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Cavalletti 2, Rome, 00169, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- SABAP-RM-MET - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Cavalletti 2, Rome, 00169, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cerroni
- VA-VE - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via degli Stabilimenti 5, Tivoli, 00019, Italy
| | - N Cassieri
- SABAP-LAZ - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Pompeo Magno 2, Rome, 00193, Italy
| | - B Minniti
- SABAP-LAZ - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Pompeo Magno 2, Rome, 00193, Italy
| | - Paola Zaio
- SABAP-RM-MET - Italian Ministry of Culture MIBACT, Via Cavalletti 2, Rome, 00169, Italy
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6
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Kinkopf KM, Agarwal SC, Goodson C, Beauchesne PD, Trombley TM, Candilio F, Rubini M, Coppa A. Economic access influences degenerative spine disease outcomes at rural Late Medieval Villamagna (Lazio, IT). Am J Phys Anthropol 2020; 174:500-518. [PMID: 33247981 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Degenerative joint disease in the spine is heavily influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, as well as exacerbated by physical activity and injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the multivariate relationship between known predictors of degenerative joint disease in the spine, such as age and sex, with mortuary indicators of economic access such as grave inclusions, burial location, and burial type. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence and severity of vertebral osteophytosis (VO) and vertebral osteoarthritis (VOA) was recorded for the vertebral columns of N = 106 adult individuals from the Late Medieval period at the rural monastery of San Pietro at Villamagna in Lazio, Italy (1300-1450 AD). Multiple skeletal indicators of degenerative joint disease, morphological sex, and age were compared with differences in mortuary treatment across four regions of the spine. RESULTS There are marked differences in severe joint disease outcome between groups with more and less economic access. Relative risk ratios suggest that males and females with less economic access have elevated risk for VO and VOA in specific spine regions, although this effect is reduced among females. DISCUSSION Current research on the consequences of economic and social inequality point to the important role of economic inequality in shaping disease outcomes. Our results suggest that biocultural effects of reduced economic access at the intraclass level may increase vulnerability to the downstream effects of risk exposure (e.g., biomechanical injure, physical activity, biochemical imbalance), and ultimately increase the risk and prevalence for severe degenerative disease outcomes in medieval Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kinkopf
- Department of Geography and Anthropology, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Sabrina C Agarwal
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Archaeological Research Facility, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Patrick D Beauchesne
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Trent M Trombley
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Archaeological Research Facility, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Francesca Candilio
- Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Cagliari ele province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- Department of Archaeology, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy.,Anthropological Service, S.A.B.A.P.-RM-MET, S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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7
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Ratmann P, Nestelberger T, Cullen L, Lindahl B, Boeddinghaus J, Rubini M, Lopez Ayala P, Than M, Greenslade J, Mueller C. Utility of echocardiography in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rapid identification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as life-threatening disorder by clinical assessment, cardiac troponin and the electrocardiogram (ECG) is important for the early initiation of highly effective, evidence-based therapy. Patients presenting with suspected AMI and left bundle branch block (LBBB) to the emergency department (ED) represent a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as altered ventricular depolarization masks changes in ventricular repolarization associated with myocardial ischemia. Current guidelines suggest, based on expert opinion, early echocardiography as a helpful tool in patients with suspected AMI and LBBB to identify new wall motion abnormalities, which guides further diagnostics strategies in these patients.
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography among patients with suspected AMI and LBBB in the recorded ECG at ED presentation.
Methods
We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography in patients with LBBB presenting with chest discomfort to 26 ED's in three international, prospective, diagnostic studies. Two independent cardiologists centrally adjudicated the final diagnosis in each study according to the universal definition of myocardial infarction. All patients underwent a clinical assessment that included standardized and detailed medical history including assessment of chest pain characteristics, vital signs, physical examination, 12-lead ECG, continuous ECG rhythm monitoring, pulse oximetry, standard blood test, and chest radiography and echocardiography if indicated. We compared echocardiographic findings in patients with LBBB who were diagnosed with an AMI to those without an AMI.
Results
Among 283 patients presenting with chest pain and LBBB to the ED, AMI was the final diagnosis in 36% (102 of 283 patients) of patients. An echocardiography had been performed in 100/283 patients (35%) in the emergency department. AMI was the final diagnosis in 41/100 (41%) of patients. A wall motion abnormality in any region was seen in 77 (77%) of patients with no difference between patients diagnosed with AMI (33 patients, 81%) versus without AMI (44 patients, 75%, p=0.49). Additionally, we found no differences for each wall region (Table 1). Most patients with LBBB had moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, median 40%), a dilated left atrium (67%) or left ventricular hypertrophy (55%) without any differences between the two groups (Table 1).
Conclusions
Early echocardiography in patients with suspected AMI and LBBB provided only limited utility to identify patients, which may benefit from immediate coronary angiography. Our findings scrutinize current guidelines and downgrades the utility of echocardiography in this setting.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the European Union, the Cardiovascular Research Foundation Basel, the University Hospital Basel, Queensland Emergency Medicine Research Foundation, Christchurch Heart Institute and Health Research Council and Heart Foundation of New Zealand, Christchurch Emergency Care Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- P.D Ratmann
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - L Cullen
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Lindahl
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - M Rubini
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - M Than
- Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Greenslade
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Mueller
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Antonio ML, Gao Z, Moots HM, Lucci M, Candilio F, Sawyer S, Oberreiter V, Calderon D, Devitofranceschi K, Aikens RC, Aneli S, Bartoli F, Bedini A, Cheronet O, Cotter DJ, Fernandes DM, Gasperetti G, Grifoni R, Guidi A, La Pastina F, Loreti E, Manacorda D, Matullo G, Morretta S, Nava A, Fiocchi Nicolai V, Nomi F, Pavolini C, Pentiricci M, Pergola P, Piranomonte M, Schmidt R, Spinola G, Sperduti A, Rubini M, Bondioli L, Coppa A, Pinhasi R, Pritchard JK. Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean. Science 2020; 366:708-714. [PMID: 31699931 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ancient Rome was the capital of an empire of ~70 million inhabitants, but little is known about the genetics of ancient Romans. Here we present 127 genomes from 29 archaeological sites in and around Rome, spanning the past 12,000 years. We observe two major prehistoric ancestry transitions: one with the introduction of farming and another prior to the Iron Age. By the founding of Rome, the genetic composition of the region approximated that of modern Mediterranean populations. During the Imperial period, Rome's population received net immigration from the Near East, followed by an increase in genetic contributions from Europe. These ancestry shifts mirrored the geopolitical affiliations of Rome and were accompanied by marked interindividual diversity, reflecting gene flow from across the Mediterranean, Europe, and North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Antonio
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziyue Gao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah M Moots
- Stanford University, Department of Anthropology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Lucci
- DANTE Laboratory for the study of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Candilio
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Sawyer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Oberreiter
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Calderon
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachael C Aikens
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Aneli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bedini
- Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali (retired), Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Cotter
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Gasperetti
- Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Sassari e Nuoro, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renata Grifoni
- Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guidi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Loreti
- Curatore beni culturali presso la Sovrintendenza Capitolina, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Manacorda
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Morretta
- Soprintendenza Speciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Nava
- DANTE Laboratory for the study of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Nomi
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Pavolini
- Università della Tuscia, DISUCOM Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, della Comunicazione e del Turismo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimo Pentiricci
- Curatore beni culturali presso la Sovrintendenza Capitolina, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Piranomonte
- Soprintendenza speciale Archeologia Belle arti e paesaggio di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Sperduti
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Archeologia, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- SABAP-LAZ Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Nestelberger T, Cullen L, Lindahl B, Reichlin T, Greenslade J, Giannitsis E, Morawiec B, Koechlin L, Twerenbold R, Boeddinghaus J, Rubini M, Osswald S, Pickering J, Than M, Mueller C. P2723Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the setting of left bundle branch block (LBBB) present an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician.
Methods
We prospectively evaluated incidence of AMI, and diagnostic performance of specific electrocardiographic (ECG) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) criteria in patients presenting with chest discomfort to 26 emergency departments in three international, prospective, diagnostic studies. Presence of LBBB, ECG criteria, and final diagnoses were centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists using the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction.
Results
Among 8830 patients, LBBB was present in 247 patients (2.8%). AMI was the final diagnosis in 30% of patients with LBBB, with similar incidence in those with known LBBB versus those with presumably new LBBB (29% vs 35%, p=0.42). ECG criteria had low sensitivity (1–12%), but high specificity (95–100%). The diagnostic accuracy as quantified by the receiver-operating-characteristics curve of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI concentrations at presentation (AUC 0.91; 95% CI 0.85–0.96 and 0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.95) as well as that of their 0/1h and 0/2h changes was very high. A diagnostic algorithm (Figure 1) combining ECG criteria with hs-cTnT/I concentrations and their absolute changes at 1h or 2h derived in cohort 1 (45 of 45 (100%) of patients with AMI correctly identified), showed high efficacy and accuracy when externally validated in cohort 2 & 3 (28 of 29 patients, 97%).
Figure 1
Conclusion
Most patients presenting with suspected AMI and LBBB will be found to have diagnoses other than AMI. Combining ECG criteria with Hs-cTn testing at 0/1h or 0/2h allows early and accurate diagnosis of AMI in LBBB.
Acknowledgement/Funding
European Union, Swiss National Foundation, University Hospital Basel, University Basel
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nestelberger
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Cullen
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Lindahl
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Reichlin
- Preventive Cardiology & Sports Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Greenslade
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Giannitsis
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Morawiec
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases (SCHD), Zabrze, Poland
| | - L Koechlin
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Twerenbold
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Boeddinghaus
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Rubini
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Osswald
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Pickering
- Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Than
- Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Mueller
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Nestelberger T, Boeddinghaus J, Greenslade J, Cullen L, Parsonage W, Troester V, Koechlin L, Rubini M, Badertscher P, Puelacher C, Twerenbold R, Mueller C. P1735Two-hour algorithm for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction using a novel high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We aimed to derive and externally validate a 0/2h-algorithm using the novel high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI-Access) assay.
Methods
We enrolled patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in two prospective chest pain trials. Two independent cardiologists adjudicated the final diagnosis including all available medical information including cardiac imaging. Hs-cTnI concentrations were measured at presentation and after 2h. Primary diagnostic endpoint was the derivation and validation of an hs-cTnI-Access specific 0/2h-algorithm. Primary prognostic endpoint was overall survival of patients after 30- and 720-days of follow-up.
Results
AMI was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 164/1131 (14.5%) patients in the derivation and in 88/1280 (6.9%) patients in the validation cohort. Median hs-cTnI Access concentrations at presentation were significantly higher in patients with AMI as compared to patients with non-AMI in both cohorts (104 ng/L versus 3.4 ng/L and 29 ng/L vs. 2.3 ng/L, p-value both <0.001) Applying the derived hs-cTnI-Access 0/2h-algorithm (Figure 1A) to the validation cohort (Figure 1B), 77.9% of patients were ruled-out (sensitivity 97.7% [95% CI, 92–99.7], negative predictive value [NPV] 99.8% [95% CI, 99.3–100]), and 5.8% of patients were ruled-in (specificity 98.6% [95% CI, 97.7–99.2], positive predictive value [PPV] 77% [95% CI, 65.8–86]). Among 1617 patients ruled-out for AMI in both cohorts together, 3 (0.2%) patients with AMI have been missed, of whom 2 patients had type 2 myocardial infarction (both with tachyarrhythmia). Patients ruled-out by the 0/2h-algorithm had a survival rate of 98.4% and 99.9% after two years or one year of follow up in both cohorts, respectively.
Figure 1
Conclusions
Diagnostic performance of the hs-cTnI Access 0/2h-algorithm for triage of AMI is excellent with high safety for rule-out and high accuracy for rule-in.
Acknowledgement/Funding
European Union, Swiss National Foundation, University Hospital Basel, University Basel
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nestelberger
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Boeddinghaus
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Greenslade
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L Cullen
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - W Parsonage
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V Troester
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Koechlin
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Rubini
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Badertscher
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Puelacher
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Twerenbold
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Mueller
- University Hospital Basel, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Twerenbold R, Costabel JP, Campos R, Arbucci R, Nestelberger T, Boeddinghaus J, Rubini M, Wussler D, Lambardi F, Resi S, Trivi M, Mueller C. 248Real-world Outcome of the ESC 0/1-hour Algorithm when Routinely Applied in Early Presenters. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends the use of a 0/1h-algorithm for rapid triage of patients with suspected non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn). Concerns were articulated about its efficacy and particularly safety when applied in patients presenting early (≤3 hours) after chest pain onset, as hs-cTn concentrations might still be very low or even undetectable in these high-risk patients.
Purpose
We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness, efficacy, and ultimately safety of the ESC 0/1h-algorithm when routinely applied in early presenters.
Methods
In a prospective international multicenter study enrolling unselected patients presenting with suspected NSTEMI to the ED, patients were assessed according to the ESC 0/1h-algorithm using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T embedded in routine clinical care. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions were excluded. Safety was quantified by the 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE, defined as the composite of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction including the index event) in the rule-out group and in outpatients.
Results
Among 2296 patients, 819 (36%) were early presenters. NSTEMI prevalence in early presenters was 11%. Effectiveness was very high as 97% of patients triaged towards rule-out by the ESC 0/1h-algorithm did not require additional cardiac investigations including hs-cTnT measurements at later time points (e.g. 3–12h) or coronary CT-angiography in the ED. Median time to discharge or transfer from the ED was 150 minutes [q1130, q3215]. Efficacy of the ESC 0/1h-algorithm was very high: 67% of patients were triaged towards rule-out and 14% towards rule-in of NSTEMI. Overall, 75% of early presenters underwent outpatient management. Safety of rule-out and outpatient management were excellent in early presenters with a 30-day MACE incidence of both 0% and comparable with 0.3% and 0.1% in late presenters, respectively (p=ns).
Conclusions
These real-world data document for the first time the excellent effectiveness, efficacy and particularly safety of the ESC 0/1h-algorithm when routinely applied in early presenters. No differences in safety could be observed when compared with late presenters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J P Costabel
- Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires (ICBA), Cardiology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Campos
- Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires (ICBA), Cardiology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Arbucci
- Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires (ICBA), Cardiology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - M Rubini
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Wussler
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Lambardi
- Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires (ICBA), Cardiology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Resi
- Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires (ICBA), Cardiology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Trivi
- Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos Aires (ICBA), Cardiology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Mueller
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Trombley TM, Agarwal SC, Beauchesne PD, Goodson C, Candilio F, Coppa A, Rubini M. Making sense of medieval mouths: Investigating sex differences of dental pathological lesions in a late medieval Italian community. Am J Phys Anthropol 2019; 169:253-269. [PMID: 30924143 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioarchaeological investigations of sex-based differences in the prevalence of dental pathological lesions, particularly caries, have drawn considerable attention, and out of this work, two dominant models have emerged. Traditionally, the first model interprets sex-related patterns in caries as a product of gendered differences in diet. A more recent model interprets a generally higher propensity for caries prevalence in females in light of reproductive ecology. To test the hypothesis that females have higher risk of caries in accordance with reproductive ecology, we examined and analyzed caries prevalence and other potentially synergistic oral pathological lesions in a late medieval (A.D. 1300-1500) Italian archaeological sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined sex- and age-related prevalence in caries and other oral pathological lesions in a late medieval Italian skeletal assemblage excavated from Villamagna consisting of 38 females and 37 males (n = 1,534 teeth). We examined age- and sex-related patterns in six dental traits: antemortem tooth loss, caries, calculus, periapical inflammation, tooth wear, and periodontitis. RESULTS Significant age-related increases in antemortem tooth loss, caries, calculus, and tooth wear were observed in both males and females. However, there was a lack of expected sex differences in oral pathological lesions, with instead older males exhibiting significantly more antemortem tooth loss and corrected caries than females. DISCUSSION Results are discussed in relation to the ethnohistoric context of medieval rural dietary practices as well as biomedical salivary literature, which suggest that dietary changes throughout the life course may have facilitated trade-offs that buffered females from higher rates of dental pathological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent M Trombley
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sabrina C Agarwal
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Patrick D Beauchesne
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - Caroline Goodson
- Faculty of History, University of Cambridge, King's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Candilio
- Anthropological Service, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Cagliari e le province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy.,Physical Anthropology Section, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- Department of Archaeology, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy.,Anthropological Service, S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ, Rome, Italy
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13
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Di Vincenzo F, Profico A, Bernardini F, Cerroni V, Dreossi D, Schlager S, Zaio P, Benazzi S, Biddittu I, Rubini M, Tuniz C, Manzi G. Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13974. [PMID: 29070804 PMCID: PMC5656598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ceprano calvarium was discovered in fragments on March 1994 near the town of Ceprano in southern Latium (Italy), embedded in Middle Pleistocene layers. After reconstruction, its morphological features suggests that the specimen belongs to an archaic variant of H. heidelbergensis, representing a proxy for the last common ancestor of the diverging clades that respectively led to H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. Unfortunately, the calvarium was taphonomically damaged. The postero-lateral vault, in particular, appears deformed and this postmortem damage may have influenced previous interpretations. Specifically, there is a depression on the fragmented left parietal, while the right cranial wall is warped and angulated. This deformation affected the shape of the occipital squama, producing an inclination of the transverse occipital torus. In this paper, after X-ray microtomography (μCT) of both the calvarium and several additional fragments, we analyze consistency and pattern of the taphonomic deformation that affected the specimen, before the computer-assisted retrodeformation has been performed; this has also provided the opportunity to reappraise early attempts at restoration. As a result, we offer a revised interpretation for the Ceprano calvarium’s original shape, now free from the previous uncertainties, along with insight for its complex depositional and taphonomic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Vincenzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Profico
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi', Roma, Italy.,The 'Abdus Salam' International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cerroni
- Italian Ministry of Culture, Anthropological Service, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Stefan Schlager
- Department Biological Anthropology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Zaio
- Italian Ministry of Culture, Anthropological Service, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mauro Rubini
- Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Roma, Italy.,Italian Ministry of Culture, Anthropological Service, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Archeologia, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi', Roma, Italy.,The 'Abdus Salam' International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy.,Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy. .,Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Roma, Italy.
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14
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Khan MFJ, Little J, Abelli L, Mossey PA, Autelitano L, Nag TC, Rubini M. Muscle fiber diameter assessment in cleft lip using image processing. Oral Dis 2017; 24:476-481. [PMID: 28975726 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pilot investigation of muscle fiber diameter (MFD) on medial and lateral sides of the cleft in 18 infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) using image processing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the medial and lateral sides of the cleft were analyzed for MFD using an image-processing program (ImageJ). For within-case comparison, a paired Student's t test was performed. For comparisons between classes, an unpaired t test was used. RESULTS Image processing enabled rapid measurement of MFD with majority of fibers showing diameter between 6 and 11 μm. There was no significant difference in mean MFD between the medial and lateral sides, or between CL and CLP. However, we found a significant difference on the medial side (p = .032) between males and females. CONCLUSION The image processing on FFPE tissues resulted in easy quantification of MFD with finding of a smaller MFD on the medial side in males suggesting possible differences in orbicularis oris (OO) muscle between the two sexes in CL that warrants replication using larger number of cases. Moreover, this finding can aid subclinical phenotyping and potentially in the restoration of the anatomy and function of the upper lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F J Khan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Abelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P A Mossey
- Craniofacial Development at the World Health Organization-collaborating Centre for Oral and Craniofacial Research, Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - L Autelitano
- Regional Centre for Orofacial Clefts and Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - T C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Rubini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Hoffmann E, Streichert K, Nischan N, Seitz C, Brunner T, Schwagerus S, Hackenberger CPR, Rubini M. Stabilization of bacterially expressed erythropoietin by single site-specific introduction of short branched PEG chains at naturally occurring glycosylation sites. Mol Biosyst 2017; 12:1750-5. [PMID: 26776361 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to therapeutic proteins can improve their physicochemical properties. In this work we utilized the non-natural amino acid p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF) in combination with the chemoselective Staudinger-phosphite reaction to install branched PEG chains to recombinant unglycosylated erythropoietin (EPO) at each single naturally occurring glycosylation site. PEGylation with two short 750 or 2000 Da PEG units at positions 24, 38, or 83 significantly decreased unspecific aggregation and proteolytic degradation while biological activity in vitro was preserved or even increased in comparison to full-glycosylated EPO. This site-specific bioconjugation approach permits to analyse the impact of PEGylation at single positions. These results represent an important step towards the engineering of site-specifically modified EPO variants from bacterial expression with increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - K Streichert
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Nischan
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Seitz
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - T Brunner
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Schwagerus
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - C P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Rubini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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16
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Rubini M, Zaio P, Spigelman M, Donoghue HD. Leprosy in a Lombard-Avar cemetery in central Italy (Campochiaro, Molise, 6th-8th century AD): ancient DNA evidence and demography. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:510-521. [PMID: 28715914 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1346709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of past infectious diseases increases knowledge of the presence, impact and spread of pathogens within ancient populations. AIM Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine bones for the presence of Mycobacterium leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) as, even when leprosy is present, bony changes are not always pathognomonic of the disease. This study also examined the demographic profile of this population and compared it with two other populations to investigate any changes in mortality trends between different infectious diseases and between the pre-antibiotic and antibiotic eras. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The individuals were from a site in Central Italy (6th-8th CE) and were examined for the presence of Mycobacterium leprae aDNA. In addition, an abridged life mortality table was constructed. RESULTS Two individuals had typical leprosy palaeopathology, and one was positive for Mycobacterium leprae aDNA. However, the demographic profile shows a mortality curve similar to that of the standard, in contrast to a population that had been subjected to bubonic plague. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that, in the historical population with leprosy, the risk factors for health seem to be constant and distributed across all age classes, similar to what is found today in the antibiotic era. There were no peaks of mortality equivalent to those found in fatal diseases such as the plague, probably due to the long clinical course of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rubini
- a Department of Archaeology , Foggia University , Foggia , Italy.,b Anthropological Service of S.A.L.E.M. , Ministry of Culture Italy , Rome , Italy
| | - Paola Zaio
- b Anthropological Service of S.A.L.E.M. , Ministry of Culture Italy , Rome , Italy
| | - Mark Spigelman
- c The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Ancient DNA, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel.,d Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Medical School , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Helen D Donoghue
- e Centre for Clinical Microbiology , Division of Infection and Immunity , UCL , London , UK
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17
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Maurel J, Martos CF, Richard MM, Alonso V, Méndez CM, Salud A, Pericay C, Aparicio J, Gallego J, Carmona A, Casado E, Manzano H, Horndler C, Rubini M, Cuatrecasas M, García-Albéniz X, Feliu J. PULSE, a phase 2 study of mFOLFOX6-panitumumab (P) with biomarker stratification as first-line chemotherapy (CT), in patients (pts) with KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A GEMCAD 09-03 study. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Rubini M, Gualdi-Russo E, Manzon VS, Rinaldo N, Bianucci R. Mortality risk factors show similar trends in modern and historic populations exposed to plague. J Infect Dev Ctries 2016; 10:488-93. [DOI: 10.3855/jidc.7974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Plague has been responsible for two major historic pandemics (6th–8th century CE; 14th–19th century CE) and a modern one. The recent Malagasy plague outbreaks raised new concerns on the deadly potential of the plague-causing bacteria Yersinia pestis. Between September 2014 and April 2015, outbreaks of bubonic and pneumonic plague hit the Malagasy population. Two hundred and sixty-three cases, including 71 deaths, have been reported in 16 different districts with a case fatality rate of 27%. The scope of our study was to ascertain whether the risk factors for health in modern-day populations exposed to plague and in ancient populations that faced the two historic pandemics varied or remained substantially unaltered. Methodology: The risk of mortality of the Malagasy population with those obtained from the reconstruction of three samples of European populations exposed to the historic pandemics was contrasted. Results: The evidence shows that the risks of death are not uniform across age neither in modern nor in historic populations exposed to plague and shows precise concentrations in specific age groups (children between five and nine years of age and young adults). Conclusions: Although in the post-antibiotic era, the fatality rates have drastically reduced, both modern and historic populations were exposed to the same risk factors that are essentially represented by a low standard of environmental hygiene, poor nutrition, and weak health systems.
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19
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Rubini M, Bonomo Roversi E, Aiello V, Khan M, Franceschelli P, Bassi Andreasi R, Farina I, Galuppi E, Govoni M. AB0014 Gender-Dependent Association Between HLA-G 14B Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Italian Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rubini M, Zaio P. Bone Changes in an Italian Ancient Human Skeleton--Possibly Caused by Leprosy. Indian J Lepr 2015; 87:91-99. [PMID: 27506007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In the last stage it can afflict the skeleton with a series of specific and non-specific bone changes. The possibility of studyingthe skeleton of an individual who lived in the pre-antibiotic era (Roman period) with skeletal changes in the rhino-maxillary region and hand and foot bones, permitted skeletal lesions to be analyzed directly. In addition, the localization and the complexity of the bony lesions could be attributed to the presence of leprosy. The importance of this approach was the possibility to verify the nature and typology of the primary and secondary bone changes in leprosy in absence of clinical therapy.
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Donoghue HD, Michael Taylor G, Marcsik A, Molnár E, Pálfi G, Pap I, Teschler-Nicola M, Pinhasi R, Erdal YS, Velemínsky P, Likovsky J, Belcastro MG, Mariotti V, Riga A, Rubini M, Zaio P, Besra GS, Lee OYC, Wu HHT, Minnikin DE, Bull ID, O'Grady J, Spigelman M. A migration-driven model for the historical spread of leprosy in medieval Eastern and Central Europe. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 31:250-6. [PMID: 25680828 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy was rare in Europe during the Roman period, yet its prevalence increased dramatically in medieval times. We examined human remains, with paleopathological lesions indicative of leprosy, dated to the 6th-11th century AD, from Central and Eastern Europe and Byzantine Anatolia. Analysis of ancient DNA and bacterial cell wall lipid biomarkers revealed Mycobacterium leprae in skeletal remains from 6th-8th century Northern Italy, 7th-11th century Hungary, 8th-9th century Austria, the Slavic Greater Moravian Empire of the 9th-10th century and 8th-10th century Byzantine samples from Northern Anatolia. These data were analyzed alongside findings published by others. M. leprae is an obligate human pathogen that has undergone an evolutionary bottleneck followed by clonal expansion. Therefore M. leprae genotypes and sub-genotypes give information about the human populations they have infected and their migration. Although data are limited, genotyping demonstrates that historical M. leprae from Byzantine Anatolia, Eastern and Central Europe resembles modern strains in Asia Minor rather than the recently characterized historical strains from North West Europe. The westward migration of peoples from Central Asia in the first millennium may have introduced different M. leprae strains into medieval Europe and certainly would have facilitated the spread of any existing leprosy. The subsequent decline of M. leprae in Europe may be due to increased host resistance. However, molecular evidence of historical leprosy and tuberculosis co-infections suggests that death from tuberculosis in leprosy patients was also a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen D Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK.
| | - G Michael Taylor
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- University of Szeged, Mályva utca 23, H-6771 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ron Pinhasi
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yilmaz S Erdal
- Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petr Velemínsky
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Likovsky
- Department of the Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Laboratorio di Bioarcheologia e Osteologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mariotti
- Laboratorio di Bioarcheologia e Osteologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; ADES, UMR 7268 CNRS/Université de la Méditerranée/EFS, Université de la Méditerranée, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard,13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Alessandro Riga
- Laboratorio di Bioarcheologia e Osteologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- Department of Archaeology, Foggia University, Tivoli, Italy; Anthropological Service of S.B.A.L. (Ministry of Culture), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zaio
- Department of Archaeology, Foggia University, Tivoli, Italy
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oona Y-C Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Houdini H T Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - David E Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian D Bull
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Justin O'Grady
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Mark Spigelman
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Rubini M, Cerroni V, Festa G, Sardella R, Zaio P. A revision of hominin fossil teeth from Fontana Ranuccio (Middle Pleistocene, Anagni, Frosinone, Italy). J Hum Evol 2014; 77:204-16. [PMID: 25440134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Fontana Ranuccio hominin teeth (FR, Latium, Italy) are dated to the Middle Pleistocene. In previous studies these teeth were classified as two lower (left and right) second molars, one lower left central incisor and a badly worn incisor crown, the exact position of which could not be determined. In 2012 these remains were acquired by the Anthropological Service of S.B.A.L. (Italian Ministry of Culture) and for this reason re-analysed. In a thorough revision we have reassessed them both morphologically and dimensionally as two lower (left and right) first molars, one lower left lateral incisor and a possible upper left canine. The comparison with penecontemporaneous and diachronic samples shows that the Fontana Ranuccio teeth are morphologically similar to Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos, Arago XIII and Neanderthal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rubini
- Servizio di Antropologia S.B.A.L., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy; Foggia University, Foggia, Italy; IsIPU, Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Cerroni
- Servizio di Antropologia S.B.A.L., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Festa
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Centro NAST, Rome, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department G. Occhialini, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sardella
- IsIPU, Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Rome University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zaio
- Servizio di Antropologia S.B.A.L., Ministry of Culture, Tivoli, Italy; IsIPU, Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy
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Maurel J, Lopez-Pousa A, Calabuig S, Bagué S, Del Muro XG, Sanjuan X, Rubió J, Cuatrecasas M, Martinez-Trufero J, Horndler C, Fra J, Morales CV, Redondo A, Poveda A, Sevilla I, Lainez N, Rubini M, Albéniz XG, Broto JM, De Álava E. Prognosis of Phosphorylated-Insulin Growth Factor Receptor (P-Igf-1R) and Metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) Expression in Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Gist) Patients Treated with Imatinib. a Geis Study. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu326.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pelissier J, Loscos M, Laderman B, Rubini M, Rouch J, Messner P. Therapeutic Education of the Patient (TEP) in cardiovascular diseases: Role and impact of adapted physical activities. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ludwig KU, Böhmer AC, Rubini M, Mossey PA, Herms S, Nowak S, Reutter H, Alblas MA, Lippke B, Barth S, Paredes-Zenteno M, Muñoz-Jimenez SG, Ortiz-Lopez R, Kreusch T, Hemprich A, Martini M, Braumann B, Jäger A, Pötzsch B, Molloy A, Peterlin B, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Rojas-Martinez A, Knapp M, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Mangold E. Strong association of variants around FOXE1 and orofacial clefting. J Dent Res 2014; 93:376-81. [PMID: 24563486 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514523987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (nsOFC) is a common, complex congenital disorder. The most frequent forms are nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO). Although they are generally considered distinct entities, a recent study has implicated a region around the FOXE1 gene in both nsCL/P and nsCPO. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed the 2 most strongly associated markers (rs3758249 and rs4460498) in 2 independent samples of differing ethnicities: Central European (949 nsCL/P cases, 155 nsCPO cases, 1163 controls) and Mayan Mesoamerican (156 nsCL/P cases, 10 nsCPO cases, 338 controls). While highly significant associations for both single-nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained in nsCL/P (rs4460498: p Europe = 6.50 × 10(-06), p Mayan = .0151; rs3758249: p Europe = 2.41 × 10(-05), p Mayan = .0299), no association was found in nsCPO (p > .05). Genotyping of rs4460498 in 472 independent European trios revealed significant associations for nsCL/P (p = .016) and nsCPO (p = .043). A meta-analysis of all data revealed a genomewide significant result for nsCL/P (p = 1.31 × 10(-08)), which became more significant when nsCPO cases were added (p nsOFC = 1.56 × 10(-09)). These results strongly support the FOXE1 locus as a risk factor for nsOFC. With the data of the initial study, there is now considerable evidence that this locus is the first conclusive risk factor shared between nsCL/P and nsCPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Twerenbold R, Meller B, Rubini M, Wildi K, Mueller M, Reichlin T, Osswald S, Mueller C. One-hour rule-out and rule-in of acute myocardial infarction using siemens sensitive cardiac Troponin I ultra. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Beaty TH, Taub MA, Scott AF, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Schwender H, Parker MM, Hetmanski JB, Balakrishnan P, Mansilla MA, Mangold E, Ludwig KU, Noethen MM, Rubini M, Elcioglu N, Ruczinski I. Confirming genes influencing risk to cleft lip with/without cleft palate in a case-parent trio study. Hum Genet 2013; 132:771-81. [PMID: 23512105 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 1,108 case-parent trios ascertained through an isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) was used to replicate the findings from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by Beaty et al. (Nat Genet 42:525-529, 2010), where four different genes/regions were identified as influencing risk to CL/P. Tagging SNPs for 33 different genes were genotyped (1,269 SNPs). All four of the genes originally identified as showing genome-wide significance (IRF6, ABCA4 and MAF, plus the 8q24 region) were confirmed in this independent sample of trios (who were primarily of European and Southeast Asian ancestry). In addition, eight genes classified as 'second tier' hits in the original study (PAX7, THADA, COL8A1/FILIP1L, DCAF4L2, GADD45G, NTN1, RBFOX3 and FOXE1) showed evidence of linkage and association in this replication sample. Meta-analysis between the original GWAS trios and these replication trios showed PAX7, COL8A1/FILIP1L and NTN1 achieved genome-wide significance. Tests for gene-environment interaction between these 33 genes and maternal smoking found evidence for interaction with two additional genes: GRID2 and ELAVL2 among European mothers (who had a higher rate of smoking than Asian mothers). Formal tests for gene-gene interaction (epistasis) failed to show evidence of statistical interaction in any simple fashion. This study confirms that many different genes influence risk to CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Maurel J, Garcia-Albeniz X, Méndez Méndez C, Martin-Richard M, Pericay C, Vera R, Aparicio J, Rubini M, Cuatrecasas M. PULSE: An open-label, phase II study assessing double positivity (phospho-insulin-growth factor receptor-1 [pIGF-IR] and matrilysin [MMP7]) expression as a predictive marker of resistance in previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) wild-type KRAS patients (pts) treated with panitumumab plus mFOLFOX6—A GEMCAD study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Forchap SL, Anandacoomarasamy A, Wicks J, Di Virgilio F, Baricordi OR, Rubini M, Trotta F, Wiley J, Manolios N. P2X7 gene polymorphisms do not appear to be a susceptibility gene locus in sporadic cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 72:487-90. [PMID: 18937793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The P2X(7) receptor is a ligand-gated cation-selective channel that mediates ATP-induced apoptosis of cells of the immune system. A loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 1513 (1513 A-->C) of the P2X(7) gene has recently been identified in both healthy and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells, translating into a loss of P2X(7)-mediated apoptosis in these cells. This antiapoptotic effect results in increased B-cell numbers, thereby potentially contributing to the survival of B-CLL clones. It was hypothesized that prolonged cell survival may also predispose to induction of autoimmunity. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the P2X(7) receptor and its loss-of-function 1513 A-->C polymorphism (SNP) in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DNA samples obtained from patients with sporadic SLE were analyzed for the presence of the 1513 A-->C polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and then direct sequencing. No significant difference in allele frequencies (1513 A-->C polymorphism) between sporadic cases of SLE and controls was found. A loss-of-function SNP at position 1513 (1513 A-->C) of the P2X(7) gene does not appear to be a susceptibility gene locus for the development of sporadic SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Forchap
- Department of Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rizzo R, Hviid TVF, Govoni M, Padovan M, Rubini M, Melchiorri L, Stignani M, Carturan S, Grappa MT, Fotinidi M, Ferretti S, Voss A, Laustrup H, Junker P, Trotta F, Baricordi OR. HLA-G genotype and HLA-G expression in systemic lupus erythematosus: HLA-G as a putative susceptibility gene in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:520-9. [PMID: 18380776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mainly mediated by the deposit of immune complexes and defects in T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells along with a high production of T-helper 2 cytokines. A tolerance-inducible function of nonclassical class Ib human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecule in innate and adaptive cellular responses has been reported, suggesting a role in inflammatory diseases. A 14 bp sequence insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs16375) in the 3'-untranslated region of the HLA-G gene has been associated to the stability of HLA-G messenger RNA. The insertion of the 14 bp sequence seems to be associated with lower levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of the presence of the 14 bp sequence (+14 bp) with SLE. We have HLA-G genotyped 200 SLE patients and 451 healthy control subjects (HS; Italian) and analyzed the plasma levels of sHLA-G and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in a subset of SLE patients and healthy subjects (Italian and Danish). A significant increase of the +14 bp HLA-G allele was detected in the Italian SLE patients compared with HS [P = 0.003, OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.13-1.82)]. A significant increased frequency of HLA-G +14/+14 bp and a decreased frequency of HLA-G -14/-14 bp were observed in SLE patients. There median concentration of sHLA-G was significantly lower in the plasma of SLE patients compared with that in the plasma of healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the results confirmed higher concentrations of IL-10-positive plasma in SLE patients. These results support a potential role for HLA-G in the susceptibility of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rizzo
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Rubini M, Padovan M, Baricordi O, Fotinidi M, Govoni M, Trotta F. The c.1298A>C polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Italian patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:163. [PMID: 18328173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Rubini M, Mogliazza S, Corruccini RST. Biological divergence and equality during the first millennium BC in human populations of central Italy. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 19:119-31. [PMID: 17160978 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequencies of nine discrete cranial traits are contrasted among 10 skeletal series of central Italy to assess the patterning of biological affinity or divergence. In this study various statistical applications were used: Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD), which was elaborated using the WPGMA cluster analysis, neighbor-joining method and principal coordinate analysis. The results show two main groups divided by the Apennines, which probably were a geographic barrier to biological exchange during the Italian Iron Age. This fact induced endogamous phenomena in the populations on the two sides of Italy (Adriatic and Tyrrenian) and probably increased the familial segregation of traits. The group on the western side has a further division between samples of the central coast and those of the southern coast. The latter samples seem to be more closely connected to Sardinian peoples, and this indicates gene flow and cultural contacts, which were not hindered by the sea. This segregation appears to have receded by Roman times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rubini
- Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici del Lazio, Servizio di Antropologia, Via Pompeo Magno, 00193 Rome, Italy.
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Jones HE, Gee JMW, Taylor KM, Barrow D, Williams HD, Rubini M, Nicholson RI. Development of strategies for the use of anti-growth factor treatments. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12 Suppl 1:S173-82. [PMID: 16113094 DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant signalling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with increased cancer cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis. Over-expression of the EGFR is seen in a variety of tumours and is a rational target for antitumour strategies. Among the classes of agent targeting the EGFR are small-molecule inhibitors, which include gefitinib (IRESSA), which acts by preventing EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signal transduction. De novo and acquired resistance, however, have been reported to gefitinib and here we describe evidence which indicates that the type II receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and/or insulin receptor (InsR) play important roles in the mediation of responses to gefitinib in the de novo- and acquired-resistance phenotypes in several cancer types. Moreover, combination strategies that additionally target the IGF-IR/InsR can enhance the antitumour effects of gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Jones
- Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Gee JM, Robertson JF, Gutteridge E, Ellis IO, Pinder SE, Rubini M, Nicholson RI. Epidermal growth factor receptor/HER2/insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling and oestrogen receptor activity in clinical breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12 Suppl 1:S99-S111. [PMID: 16113104 DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer models of acquired tamoxifen resistance, oestrogen receptor (ER)+ /ER- de novo resistance and gene transfer studies cumulatively demonstrate the increased importance of growth factor receptor signalling, notably the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2, in tamoxifen resistance. Our recent in vitro studies also suggest that EGFR signalling productively cross-talks with insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and, where present, activates ER on key AF-1 serine residues to facilitate acquired tamoxifen-resistant growth. This paper presents our immunohistochemical evidence that EGFR/HER2 signalling (i.e. transforming growth factor (TGF)alpha, EGFR and HER2 expression; phosphorylation of EGFR, HER2 and ERK1/2 MAP kinase) is also prominent in clinical de novo resistant and modestly increased in acquired tamoxifen-resistant states, suggesting that anti-EGFR/HER2 strategies may prove valuable treatments. Primary breast cancer samples employed were obtained for (1) patients subsequently treated with tamoxifen for advanced disease where endocrine response and survival data were available and (2) ER+ elderly patients during tamoxifen response and relapse. We also present our clinical immunohistochemical findings that IGF-1R expression, its phosphorylation on tyrosine 1316, and also phosphorylation on serine 118 of ER are not only prominent in ER+ tamoxifen-responsive disease, but are also detectable in ER+ de novo and acquired tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, where there is evidence of EGFR/ER cross-talk. Our data suggest that agents to deplete effectively ER or IGF-1R signalling may be of value in treating ER+ de novo/acquired tamoxifen resistance in addition to tamoxifen-responsive disease in vivo. IGF-1R inhibitors may also prove valuable in ER- patients, since considerable IGF-1R signalling activity was apparent within approximately 50% of such tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gee
- Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Jones HE, Goddard L, Gee JMW, Hiscox S, Rubini M, Barrow D, Knowlden JM, Williams S, Wakeling AE, Nicholson RI. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signalling and acquired resistance to gefitinib (ZD1839; Iressa) in human breast and prostate cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2004; 11:793-814. [PMID: 15613453 DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
De novo and acquired resistance to the anti-tumour drug gefitinib (ZD1839; Iressa), a specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has been reported. We have determined whether signalling through the IGF-I receptor (IGF-1R) pathway plays a role in the gefitinib-acquired resistance phenotype. Continuous exposure of EGFR-positive MCF-7-derived tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells (TAM-R) to 1 microM gefitinib resulted in a sustained growth inhibition (90%) for 4 months before the surviving cells resumed proliferation. A stable gefitinib-resistant subline (TAM/TKI-R) was established after a further 2 months and this showed no detectable basal phosphorylated EGFR activity. Compared with the parental TAM-R cells, the TAM/ TKI-R cells demonstrated (a) elevated levels of activated IGF-1R, AKT and protein kinase C (PKC)delta, (b) an increased sensitivity to growth inhibition by the IGF-1R TKI AG1024 and (c) an increased migratory capacity that was reduced by AG1024 treatment. Similarly, the EGFR-positive androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line DU145 was also continuously challenged with 1 microM gefitinib and, although substantial growth inhibition (60%) was seen initially, a gefitinib-resistant variant (DU145/TKI-R) developed after 3 months. Like their breast cancer counterparts, the DU145/TKI-R cells showed increases in the levels of components of the IGF-1R signalling pathway and an elevated sensitivity to growth inhibition by AG1024 compared with the parent DU145 cell line. Additionally, DU145/TKI-R cell migration was also decreased by this inhibitor. We have therefore concluded that in breast and prostate cancer cells acquired resistance to gefitinib is associated with increased signalling via the IGF-1R pathway, which also plays a role in the invasive capacity of the gefitinib-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Jones
- Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Redwood Building, University of Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK.
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37
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Abstract
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common reason for emergency hospitalisation. Early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the corner stone of management; the alternative option for achieving primary hemostasis is emergency surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of UGIB in the last 10 years and to present our surgical results. We observed 5 955 bleeding patients (68.4 % male and 31.6 % female) with a mean age of 57.7 inverted question mark 15.8 years. The most frequent causes of bleeding were gastric and duodenal ulcers (61 %) followed by gastroduodenal erosions (15.4 %) and varicous veins (5.7 %). Indications for emergency surgery were massive UGIB or rebleeding after active endoscopic treatment. On operation, gastric and duodenal ulcers were responsible for massive UGIB in 86.4 % cases. Overall hospital mortality rate during 10 years was 13.2 % and depended on age and concomitant diseases. In total 5.9 % of operated patients were rebleeding. Those with rebleeding underwent a second operation and showed a statistically higher mortality rate (35.7 % vs 11.8 %) compared to those surgical patients without rebleeding; p < 0.001. The mortality rate after vagotomy and pyloroplasty was 13.2 % (14/106) and did not differ significantly from that after gastric resection (15.2 %; 9/59).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Depolo
- Departement of Digestive Surgery, Surgery Clinic, University Hospital Rijeka, Croatia
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38
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Wang JY, Del Valle L, Gordon J, Rubini M, Romano G, Croul S, Peruzzi F, Khalili K, Reiss K. Activation of the IGF-IR system contributes to malignant growth of human and mouse medulloblastomas. Oncogene 2001; 20:3857-68. [PMID: 11439349 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2000] [Revised: 04/03/2001] [Accepted: 04/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) has been implicated in the normal and malignant growth of many cell types including cells from the central nervous system. In the cerebellar cortex IGF-IR mRNA is found in granular cells and IGF-I stimulation is mitogenic and protects cells from low-potassium-induced apoptosis. Since primitive neuroectodermal tumors/medulloblastomas (PNETs/medulloblastomas) are suspected to originate from the external cerebellar granular layer, it is reasonable to postulate that IGF-IR and/or its signaling molecules may contribute to the transformation of these poorly differentiated cells. To study activation of the IGF-IR system in medulloblastomas, we have utilized an antibody (anti-pY1316) that specifically recognizes the phosphorylated (active) form of the IGF-IR. Medulloblastoma biopsy specimens were positive when examined immunohistochemically with anti-Y1316 antibody. Further analysis of the IGF-IR system was performed in three human (Daoy, TE-671, D283 Med) and four mouse (BsB8, BsB13, Bs-1b, Bs-1c) medulloblastoma cell lines. All the murine cell lines examined express IGF-IR and PI3-kinase at relatively normal levels, and grossly overexpress IRS-1, when compared with normal mouse cerebellum. Within 15 min following IGF-I stimulation both mouse and human cell lines phosphorylate the beta subunit of the IGF-IR, IRS-1, Akt, and MAP kinases. They respond with cell proliferation when stimulated solely with IGF-I and are strongly inhibited when challenged with a dominant negative mutant of the IGF-IR (486/STOP), or with antisense oligonucleotides against the IGF-IR mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wang
- Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Biology Life Science Building, Room 238 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19122, USA
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39
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Gullini S, Matarese V, Pezzoli A, Rubini M, Buldrini P, Gamberini S, Spadazzi AF, Rizzo C, Pazzi P. Screening colonoscopy in asymptomatic increased-risk subjects. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001; 10:175-6. [PMID: 11330462 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200104000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gullini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Arcispedale S Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
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40
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Rubini M, D'Ambrosio C, Carturan S, Yumet G, Catalano E, Shan S, Huang Z, Criscuolo M, Pifferi M, Baserga R. Characterization of an antibody that can detect an activated IGF-I receptor in human cancers. Exp Cell Res 1999; 251:22-32. [PMID: 10438568 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) plays an important role in malignant transformation and in apoptosis. Its role in human cancer has now been firmly established. IGF-IR signaling occurs only when the receptor is activated by its ligands, which induce autophosphorylation of the receptor at several tyrosine residues. Although the IGF-IR (phosphorylated or not) can be detected in human cancers with conventional antibodies, it would be desirable to obtain antibodies that can detect the IGF-IR only when activated by its ligands. We describe and characterize in this paper such an antibody and show that it can be used in sections of human cancers to detect an autophosphorylated IGF-IR. This antibody will be useful in detecting autocrine or paracrine influences on normal and tumor cells and could eventually be also useful in diagnostic and prognostic studies of human primary and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubini
- University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44100, Italy
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41
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Rubini M. Size correlation in Wormian bones. Anthropol Anz 1998; 56:145-9. [PMID: 9653506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the correlation in size between some Wormian bones (lambda bone and lambdoid ossicles) and between them and some cranial measurements concerning the cephalic index and cranial capacity. The sizes of the lambda bone and lambda ossicles are not correlated among themselves. The female ossicle sizes are correlated with cranial length and width.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubini
- Soprintendenza Archeologica per il Lazio, Servizio di Anthropologia, Rome, Italy
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D'Ambrosio C, Valentinis B, Prisco M, Reiss K, Rubini M, Baserga R. Protective effect of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor on apoptosis induced by okadaic acid. Cancer Res 1997; 57:3264-71. [PMID: 9242459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OKA), a potent inhibitor of serine phosphatases at concentrations as low as 20-25 nM, induces apoptosis of R- mouse embryo fibroblasts, which are 3T3-like cells devoid of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-IRs). From R- cells, we have generated (by stable transfection) cell lines with IGF-IR numbers ranging from 0 (R- cells) to >10(6) receptors per cell. The wild-type IGF-IR protects R- cells from OKA-induced apoptosis, its protective effect being exquisitely dependent on the number of receptors. A small increment in wild-type receptor number (from 15 x 10(3) to 22 x 10(3) receptors/cell) is sufficient to change R(-)-derived cells from sensitive to resistant to apoptosis. We have also studied the effect of various mutations of the IGF-IR on its ability to protect R(-)-derived cells from OKA-induced apoptosis. Our data indicate a correlation between protection from apoptosis and the ability of the receptor to respond to insulin-like growth factor I with mitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Ambrosio
- Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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44
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Abstract
The changes that protoanemonin, an antimicrobial agent of natural origin, brought about in the alga Euglena gracilis were studied with light and electron microscopy and with flow cytometry. The compound proved lethal for the alga at a dose of 5x10(-5)m. At the sublethal dose of 3.5x10(-5)m it caused: marked inhibition of growth; increase in the average cell volume; inhibition of cytokinesis and induction of coenocytic organisms; loss of the flagellum and stigma. Most nuclei were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cellular cycle. The chloroplasts were still well organized, but there was a conspicuous decrease in carotenoids and chlorophylls a and bwith a corresponding increase in pheophytins. The multifarious alterations seen in Euglena are discussed on the basis of a possible interaction between this lactone and several enzymatic systems.Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997Academic Press Limited
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mares
- Department of Biology, Section of Botany, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baserga
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA.
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46
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Duménil G, Rubini M, Dubois G, Baserga R, Fellous M, Pellegrini S. Identification of signalling components in tyrosine kinase cascades using phosphopeptide affinity chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 234:748-53. [PMID: 9175787 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Various methods are now available to identify the molecular partners of the component of a signal transduction pathway. Some interactions, however, can be technically difficult to detect because they depend upon transient tyrosine phosphorylation. Here, we present a simple affinity chromatography approach based on synthetic phosphopeptides to purify potential partners of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. With this approach, we confirm the previously characterized interaction between Grb2 and the EGF receptor, and we identify novel partners of the IGF-1 receptor and of the JAK proteins. Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS) was identified as a potential mediator of IGF-1R dependent transformation. P85alpha, the regulatory subunit of PI3 kinase, was identified as one of four proteins recruited by a phosphopeptide mimicking a motif conserved in all JAK family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Duménil
- Unité INSERM 276, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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47
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Rubini M, Kruglanski AW. Brief encounters ending in estrangement: motivated language use and interpersonal rapport in the question-answer paradigm. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997. [PMID: 9150584 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.72.5.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments explored need-for-for-closure effects in the question-answer paradigm. In experiment 1, participants under high (vs. low) need for closure selected more abstract interview questions. In Experiments 2 and 3, such questions elicited more abstract answers--answers that casually implicated the object (vs. the subject) of the sentence and that prompted a less positive perceived rapport between the interviewer and the interviewee. These findings are discussed in reference to the role of motivation in language and the possible interpersonal consequences of motivated language use.
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Rubini M, Kruglanski AW. Brief encounters ending in estrangement: motivated language use and interpersonal rapport in the question-answer paradigm. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997; 72:1047-60. [PMID: 9150584 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three experiments explored need-for-for-closure effects in the question-answer paradigm. In experiment 1, participants under high (vs. low) need for closure selected more abstract interview questions. In Experiments 2 and 3, such questions elicited more abstract answers--answers that casually implicated the object (vs. the subject) of the sentence and that prompted a less positive perceived rapport between the interviewer and the interviewee. These findings are discussed in reference to the role of motivation in language and the possible interpersonal consequences of motivated language use.
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49
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Abstract
The type 1 receptor for insulin-like growth factors (IGF-IR) plays an important role in the growth and transformation of several types of cells. We have investigated the role of IGF-IR number in IGF-I-mediated mitogenesis and transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. We have used R- cells (3T3-like cells originating from mouse embryos with a targeted disruption of the IGF-IR genes) transfected with a plasmid expressing the human IGF-IR cDNA to generate clones with receptor numbers ranging from zero to 10(6) receptors per cell. In this model, between 15,000 and 22,000 receptors per cell are sufficient to render mouse embryo cells competent to grow in serum-free medium supplemented solely with IGF-I. For growth in soft agar, 30,000 receptors per cell seem to be the minimum requirement. These experiments indicate that a small increment in the number of receptors per cell, well within the physiological range, can modulate the mitogenic and transforming activities of the IGF-IR in 3T3-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubini
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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50
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Abstract
We investigated the possible application of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis to the study of the systematic relationships of five cervid taxa. Amplifications with eight different primers gave reproducible electrophoretic patterns which could be regarded as a data-set consisting of monomorphic and polymorphic characters. Some of these characters are species- and subspecies-specific. Band-sharing analysis and numerical taxonomy methods allowed us to generate a phenetic tree. Our results point out new possible systematic considerations within the examined taxa.
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