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Celastrol inhibits angiogenesis and the biological processes of MDA-MB-231 cells via the DEGS1/S1P signaling pathway. Biol Chem 2024; 405:267-281. [PMID: 38081222 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Celastrol (Cel) shows potent antitumor activity in various experimental models. This study examined the relationship between Cel's antivascular and antitumor effects and sphingolipids. CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, Matrigel, PCR-array/RT-PCR/western blotting/immunohistochemistry assay, ELISA and HE staining were used to detect cell proliferation, migration and invasion, adhesion and angiogenesis, mRNA and protein expression, S1P production and tumor morphology. The results showed that Cel could inhibit proliferation, migration or invasion, adhesion and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating the expression of degenerative spermatocyte homolog 1 (DEGS1). Transfection experiments showed that downregulation of DEGS1 inhibited the above processes and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production of HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, while upregulation of DEGS1 had the opposite effects. Coculture experiments showed that HUVECs could promote proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through S1P/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) signaling pathway, while Cel inhibited these processes in MDA-MB-231 cells induced by HUVECs. Animal experiments showed that Cel could inhibit tumor growth in nude mice. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and ELISA assay showed that Cel downregulated the expression of DEGS1, CD146, S1PR1-3 and S1P production. These data confirm that DEGS1/S1P signaling pathway may be related to the antivascular and antitumor effects of cel.
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Risk assessment of nitrate groundwater contamination using GIS-based machine learning methods: A case study in the northern Anhui plain, China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 261:104300. [PMID: 38242063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term agricultural activities have affected the sustainable development of groundwater in the Northern Anhui Plain, East China. It is, therefore, important to identify areas at high groundwater pollution risk in the Northern Anhui Plain to ensure effective protection of regional water resources. In this study, 60 groundwater samples were collected from the shallow aquifer of the plain and analyzed for nitrate (NO3-) concentrations. In addition, 10 environmental and geological factors including the elevations, distances-to-rivers, slope angles, orientations of slopes, land cover types, topographic wetness index (TWI), geomorphology, lithology, soil types, and precipitation amounts in the study area were selected as input layers. The light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and random forest (RF) algorithms, combined with the geographic information system (GIS), were performed to generate the groundwater pollution occurrence probability maps. The descriptive statistics showed that the NO3- concentrations in the shallow groundwater ranged from 4.3 to 73.6 mg/L. Most sampling wells exhibited NO3- concentrations above the threshold of 18.3 mg/L. The prediction results of the LightGBM and RF algorithms indicated a high groundwater NO3- pollution risk in the southern part of the plain. However, the LightGBM algorithm had a better prediction performance than RF, with a higher Kappa value of 0.84. Moreover, the frequency ratio method revealed that the precipitation amounts contributed to the groundwater NO3- pollution risk in the study area by 38.14%, followed by the elevations, slope angles, TWI, land cover types, and slope aspects, with contributions of 21.4, 13.02, 8.37, 7.44, and 6.51%, respectively. In the future, sampling of additional wells and further anthropogenic factors shall be considered for the development of more effective groundwater nitrate pollution prevention strategies provided to decision makers.
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Functional SNPs in SYISL promoter significantly affect muscle fiber density and muscle traits in pigs. Anim Genet 2024; 55:66-78. [PMID: 37881102 DOI: 10.1111/age.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that SYISL is a negative regulator of muscle growth and regeneration in mice, pigs and humans. SYISL knockout resulted in an increase in the density of muscle fibers and muscle growth. However, it is unclear whether there are natural mutations in pig SYNPO2 intron sense-overlapping lncRNA (pSYISL) that affect the expression of pSYISL and muscle growth traits. In this study, three SNPs in exons and six SNPs within the promoter of pSYISL were identified. Association analysis showed that the two SNPs in exons are significantly associated with loin muscle area (p < 0.05); the six SNPs in the promoter that show complete linkage are significantly associated with live backfat thickness and live loin muscle area in American Large White pigs. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays as well as in vitro binding experiments indicated that the mutation of SNP rs702045770 (g.539G>A) leads to the loss of YY1 binding to the promoter, thus affecting the expression level of pSYISL, and we found that Jiangshan Black pigs with genotype GG have a higher expression level of pSYISL than genotype AA individuals, but the muscle fiber density was significantly lower than in genotype AA individuals. Furthermore, the association analysis showed that the carcass backfat thickness of genotype GG of SNP rs702045770 was significantly higher than that of other genotypes in (Pietrain × Duroc) × (Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbred pigs (p < 0.05). The glycolytic potential of genotype GG was significantly higher than that of other genotypes (p < 0.05). These results provide novel insight into the identification of functional SNPs in non-coding genomic regions.
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[Arterial spin labeling in assessment of interstitial fibrosis in renal allografts]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2024; 104:276-281. [PMID: 38246772 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230726-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the feasibility and application value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in evaluating the degree of renal fibrosis after kidney transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Renal transplant recipients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled. All participants underwent ASL scan, and the values of renal cortical renal blood flow (RBF) were measured through post-processing software. The participants were divided into different groups according to the Banff interstitial fibrosis score (ci score) of the transplanted kidneys, and then relevant indicators were compared. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the differences in renal cortical RBF among the groups. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the association between renal cortical RBF and ci score of the transplanted kidney. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the diagnostic effectiveness of renal cortical RBF and laboratory indicators for distinguishing varying degrees of fibrosis in transplanted kidneys. The Delong test was utilized to compare the area under the curve (AUC). Results: A total of 60 patients (42 males and 18 females) were included in the study, with a mean age of (44.6±10.8) years. All patients were divided into 4 groups: ci0 group (ci score=0, 11 cases), ci1 group (ci score=1, 21 cases), ci2 group (ci score=2, 20 cases), and ci3 group (ci score=3, 8 cases). With an increase in the degree of fibrosis in the transplanted kidney, there was a corresponding decrease in the renal cortical RBF value. The differences in renal cortical RBF values among the 4 groups were statistically significant[ci0 group: (214.9±28.5) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci1 group: (181.7±29.3) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci2 group: (158.8±39.2) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci3 group: (123.1±27.2) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; F=14.02, P<0.001]. The renal cortical RBF was moderately negatively correlated with the ci score (r=-0.644, P<0.001). The AUC for discriminating between ci0 and ci1-3 of renal cortical RBF and 24-hour urine protein was 0.881 (95%CI: 0.772-0.950) and 0.680 (95%CI: 0.547-0.795), respectively. The AUC for renal cortical RBF was significantly higher than that for 24-hour urine protein (P=0.047). The renal cortical RBF can distinguish between ci0-1 and ci2-3, as well as ci0-2 and ci3, with the corresponding AUC value of 0.796 (95%CI: 0.673-0.889) and 0.900 (95%CI: 0.795-0.963), respectively. Conclusion: ASL can quantitatively assess renal blood perfusion in transplanted kidneys and demonstrates high operational efficacy in distinguishing varying degrees of fibrosis in the transplanted kidneys.
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Myokines and Biomarkers of Frailty in Older Inpatients with Undernutrition: A Prospective Study. J Frailty Aging 2024; 13:82-90. [PMID: 38616363 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2024.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging might increase the prevalence of undernutrition in older people, which increases the risk of frailty. Numerous studies have indicated that myokines are released by skeletal myocytes in response to muscular contractions and might be associated with frailty. This study aimed to evaluate whether myokines are biomarkers of frailty in older inpatients with undernutrition. METHODS The frailty biomarkers were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Genecards datasets. Relevant myokines and health-related variables were assessed in 55 inpatients aged ≥ 65 years from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital prospective longitudinal frailty study. Serum was prepared for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the appropriate kits. Correlations between biomarkers and frailty status were calculated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the association between factors and frailty scores. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty was 13.21%. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that leptin, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), irisin, decorin, and myostatin were potential biomarkers of frailty. The frailty group had significantly higher concentrations of leptin, AMPK, and MSTN than the robust group (p < 0.05). AMPK was significantly positively correlated with frailty (p < 0.05). The pre-frailty and frailty groups had significantly lower concentrations of irisin than the robust group (p < 0.05), whereas the DCN concentration did not differ among the groups. Multiple linear regression suggested that the 15 factors influencing the coefficients of association, the top 50% were the ADL score, MNA-SF score, serum albumin concentration, urination function, hearing function, leptin concentration, GDS-15 score, and MSTN concentration. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory myokines, particularly leptin, myostatin, and AMPK, negatively affect muscle mass and strength in older adults. ADL and nutritional status play major roles in the development of frailty. Our results confirm that identification of frailty relies upon clinical variables, myokine concentrations, and functional parameters, which might enable the identification and monitoring of frailty.
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[Summary of the 22 nd National Pediatric Endocrine and Genetic Metabolic Diseases Conference]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2023; 61:958-959. [PMID: 37803871 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230804-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
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[Research progress in the regulation of tumor cell PD-L1 expression by N6-methyladenosine modification]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 52:976-980. [PMID: 37670637 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20221201-01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
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[Sequential treatment of oral and maxillofacial deformities with hemifacial microsomia]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2023; 58:781-790. [PMID: 37550038 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230420-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of the first and second branchial arch syndrome namely hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second only to cleft lip and palate, and it is a very common craniofacial developmental deformity. This congenital condition affects the development of the orbit, ear, and mandible, and the clinical manifestations of each patient are significantly heterogeneous. Clinical treatment needs to formulate corresponding treatment measures according to different degrees of tissue deformity at different ages. This article puts forward personal suggestions for the sequential treatment of oral and maxillofacial deformities of HFM from the perspective of patient age and classification.
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[Clinicopathological features of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 52:820-826. [PMID: 37527987 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230111-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and gene alterations of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TL-LGNPPA). Methods: Fifteen case of TL-LGNPPA diagnosed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (5 cases) and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (10 cases) from November 2011 to August 2020 were collected. Clinical and pathological examinations, immunohistochemical staining and next-generation sequencing were performed. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics were summarized, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Fifteen patients were identified and included. Their median age was 36 years (range, 20-60 years). The male-female ratio was 1.0∶1.1. The most common symptoms were epistaxis and nasal obstruction. The neoplasms were located on the roof of the nasopharynx or the posterior margin of the nasal septum. The pathological features included complex papillary and glandular structures mainly composed of single or pseudostratified cubic and columnar cells, with mild to moderate cytological atypia. In some cases, spindle cell features, nuclear grooves, ground glass nuclei, squamous metaplasia, or scattered psammoma bodies were identified. In addition, nuclear polar reversal cells, hobnail cells and micropapillary structures were found, but have not been reported in previous literature. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for TTF1, CK7, vimentin and CKpan; focally positive for p40, CK5/6 and p16; and negative for Tg, NapsinA, CK20, CDX2, S-100 and PAX8. The Ki-67 positive rates ranged from 1% to 20% and were≤10% in thirteen cases (13/15). EBER in situ hybridization was negative in all cases. DNA sequencing of 6 specimens was performed and all specimens were found harboring gene mutations (EWSR1, SMAD2, ROS1, JAK3, GRIN2A, ERRCC5, STAT3, and TET2), but no hot spot gene alterations were found. No MSI-H and MMR related gene changes were detected. All tumors showed low tumor mutation burden. All 15 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, and only 1 of them underwent radiotherapy postoperatively. All patients were recurrence free and alive at the end of follow-up periods (range: 23 to 129 months). Conclusions: TL-LGNPPA is a rare indolent tumor of the nasopharynx and exhibits a unique morphology and immunophenotype. Endoscopic resection is an effective treatment for TL-LGNPPA with excellent overall prognosis.
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[Association between chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer in UK Biobank: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2023; 57:1147-1152. [PMID: 37574304 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221115-01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer. Methods: Using UK Biobank (UKB) survey data, 472 397 participants who had not previously been diagnosed with cancer and whose self-reported sex was consistent with their genetic sex were studied. Information on the prevalence of previous chronic lung diseases, general demographic characteristics and the prevalence of lung cancer was collected using baseline questionnaires and national health system data. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association between four previous chronic lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pulmonary disease) and the risk of lung cancer. A total of 458 526 participants with genotype data in the observational study were selected as research objects, and the closely related and independent genetic loci with four chronic lung diseases were selected as instrumental variables, and the association between four chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer was analyzed by Mendelian randomization (MR). The dose-response relationship between genetic risk score and the risk of lung cancer in different chronic lung diseases was evaluated using a restricted cubic spline function. Results: The age [M (Q1, Q3)] of the subjects was 57 (50, 63) years old, and there were 3 516 new cases of lung cancer (0.74%) during follow-up. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that previous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with the risk of lung cancer, about 1.61 (1.49-1.75) and 2.61 (1.24-5.49), respectively. MR Studies showed that genetically predicted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with the risk of lung cancer, with HR (95%CI) of 1.10 (1.03-1.19) and 1.04 (1.01-1.08), respectively. The results of restricted cubic spline function analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer increased linearly with the increase of genetic risk scores for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (P<0.05). Neither observational studies nor Mendelian randomization analysis found an association between previous asthma or interstitial lung disease and the risk of lung cancer (both P values>0.05). Conclusion: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are potential risk factors for lung cancer.
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A binary pulsar in a 53-minute orbit. Nature 2023; 620:961-964. [PMID: 37339734 PMCID: PMC10468392 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Spider pulsars are neutron stars that have a companion star in a close orbit. The companion star sheds material to the neutron star, spinning it up to millisecond rotation periods, while the orbit shortens to hours. The companion is eventually ablated and destroyed by the pulsar wind and radiation1,2. Spider pulsars are key for studying the evolutionary link between accreting X-ray pulsars and isolated millisecond pulsars, pulsar irradiation effects and the birth of massive neutron stars3-6. Black widow pulsars in extremely compact orbits (as short as 62 minutes7) have companions with masses much smaller than 0.1 M⊙. They may have evolved from redback pulsars with companion masses of about 0.1-0.4 M⊙ and orbital periods of less than 1 day8. If this is true, then there should be a population of millisecond pulsars with moderate-mass companions and very short orbital periods9, but, hitherto, no such system was known. Here we report radio observations of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) that show it to have an orbital period of 53.3 minutes and a companion with a mass of around 0.07 M⊙. It is a faint X-ray source and located 2.5 arcminutes from the centre of the globular cluster M71.
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The Extraction and Characterization of Pseudorange Multipath Based on BDS-3 Multi-Frequency Observations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6151. [PMID: 37447999 DOI: 10.3390/s23136151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations are subject to various errors during their propagation process. A reasonable correction of these errors can improve the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) service capability. The impact of multipaths on pseudorange observations can reach a decimeters or even meters level. However, their mechanism is complex and there is currently no universally accepted high-precision correction model. The correlation between the pseudorange multipaths (MP) of BDS-2 satellites and satellite elevation has been confirmed, while there have been fewer analyses of the MP characteristics for different frequencies of BDS-3 satellites. The broadcasting of multi-frequency observations in BDS-3 should theoretically make the extracted MP more accurate compared to traditional methods. Based on this, in this contribution, a multi-frequency MP extraction algorithm based on the least squares principle is proposed, which can simultaneously eliminate the influence of higher-order ionospheric delay. The analytical expression for only eliminating first-order ionospheric delay is successfully derived. Subsequently, the characteristics of the MPs extracted from different frequency combinations and the impact of combination noise on the extraction accuracy are discussed. The influence of second-order ionospheric delay on the MPs for each frequency under different combination noises, as well as the periodic behavior exhibited in long-term observations of the BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, are also analyzed. Finally, the correlations between the MPs of each frequency of BDS satellite and elevation are quantitatively analyzed based on observations from 35 stations. Overall, this work has positive implications for the study of the MP characteristics of BDS-3 and subsequent modeling efforts.
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[Molecular pathological mechanism of liver metabolic disorder in mice with severe spinal muscular atrophy]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:852-858. [PMID: 37313828 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.05.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular pathological mechanism of liver metabolic disorder in severe spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS The transgenic mice with type Ⅰ SMA (Smn-/- SMN20tg/2tg) and littermate control mice (Smn+/- SMN20tg/2tg) were observed for milk suckling behavior and body weight changes after birth. The mice with type Ⅰ SMA mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 20% glucose solution or saline (15 μL/12 h), and their survival time was recorded. GO enrichment analysis was performed using the RNA-Seq data of the liver of type Ⅰ SMA and littermate control mice, and the results were verified using quantitative real-time PCR. Bisulfite sequencing was performed to examine CpG island methylation level in Fasn gene promoter region in the liver of the neonatal mice. RESULTS The neonatal mice with type Ⅰ SMA showed normal milk suckling behavior but had lower body weight than the littermate control mice on the second day after birth. Intraperitoneal injection of glucose solution every 12 h significantly improved the median survival time of type Ⅰ SMA mice from 9±1.3 to 11± 1.5 days (P < 0.05). Analysis of the RNA-Seq data of the liver showed that the expression of the target genes of PPARα related to lipid metabolism and mitochondrial β oxidation were down-regulated in the liver of type Ⅰ SMA mice. Type Ⅰ SMA mice had higher methylation level of the Fasn promoter region in the liver than the littermate control mice (76.44% vs 58.67%). In primary cultures of hepatocytes from type Ⅰ SMA mice, treatment with 5-AzaC significantly up-regulated the expressions of the genes related to lipid metabolism by over 1 fold (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Type Ⅰ SMA mice have liver metabolic disorder, and the down-regulation of the target genes of PPARα related to lipid and glucose metabolism due to persistent DNA methylation contributes to the progression of SMA.
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Effects of UV radiation on natural and synthetic materials. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1177-1202. [PMID: 37039962 PMCID: PMC10088630 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on construction materials, especially wood and plastics, and the consequent impacts on their useful lifetimes, are well documented in scientific literature. Any future increase in solar UV radiation and ambient temperature due to climate change will therefore shorten service lifetimes of materials, which will require higher levels of stabilisation or other interventions to maintain their lifetimes at the present levels. The implementation of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments on substances that deplete the ozone layer, controls the solar UV-B radiation received on Earth. This current quadrennial assessment provides a comprehensive update on the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation on the durability of natural and synthetic materials, as well as recent innovations in better stabilising of materials against solar UV radiation-induced damage. Pertinent emerging technologies for wood and plastics used in construction, composite materials used in construction, textile fibres, comfort fabric, and photovoltaic materials, are addressed in detail. Also addressed are the trends in technology designed to increase sustainability via replacing toxic, unsustainable, legacy additives with 'greener' benign substitutes that may indirectly affect the UV stability of the redesigned materials. An emerging class of efficient photostabilisers are the nanoscale particles that include oxide fillers and nanocarbons used in high-performance composites, which provide good UV stability to materials. They also allow the design of UV-shielding fabric materials with impressive UV protection factors. An emerging environmental issue related to the photodegradation of plastics is the generation of ubiquitous micro-scale particles from plastic litter exposed to solar UV radiation.
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Author Correction: Identification of MyoD-Responsive Transcripts Reveals a Novel Long Non-coding RNA (lncRNA-AK143003) that Negatively Regulates Myoblast Differentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1937. [PMID: 36732565 PMCID: PMC9894926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Three-dimensional quantification of fibrosis and ossification after cochlear implantation via virtual re-sectioning: Potential implications for residual hearing. Hear Res 2023; 428:108681. [PMID: 36584546 PMCID: PMC10942756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hearing preservation may be achieved initially in the majority of patients after cochlear implantation, however, a significant proportion of these patients experience delayed hearing loss months or years later. A prior histological report in a case of delayed hearing loss suggested a potential cochlear mechanical origin of this hearing loss due to tissue fibrosis, and older case series highlight the frequent findings of post-implantation fibrosis and neoosteogenesis though without a focus on the impact on residual hearing. Here we present the largest series (N = 20) of 3-dimensionally reconstructed cochleae based on digitally scanned histologic sections from patients who were implanted during their lifetime. All patients were implanted with multichannel electrodes via a cochleostomy or an extended round window insertion. A quantified analysis of intracochlear tissue formation was carried out via virtual re-sectioning orthogonal to the cochlear spiral. Intracochlear tissue formation was present in every case. On average 33% (SD 14%) of the total cochlear volume was occupied by new tissue formation, consisting of 26% (SD 12%) fibrous and 7% (SD 6%) bony tissue. The round window was completely covered by fibro-osseous tissue in 85% of cases and was associated with an obstruction of the cochlear aqueduct in 100%. The basal part of the basilar membrane was at least partially abutted by the electrode or new tissue formation in every case, while the apical region, corresponding with a characteristic frequency of < 500 Hz, appeared normal in 89%. This quantitative analysis shows that after cochlear implantation via extended round window or cochleostomy, intracochlear fibrosis and neoossification are present in all cases at anatomical locations that could impact normal inner ear mechanics.
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Serum SIRT6 Levels Are Associated with Frailty in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:719-725. [PMID: 37754211 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is one of the major health problems facing aging societies worldwide. We investigated the association between serum SIRT6 and frailty in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of associations of serum SIRT6 and frailty in older people. SETTING Enrolled community-dwelling and hospital outpatient clinic adults older than 65 years old in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 540 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 65 years) in Wuhan were included in the study. MEASURES We used Frailty Phenotype criteria for classifying participants based on their frailty status. Serum SIRT6 was measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS A total of 540 older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum SIRT6 was lower in the slowness group (7.23±1.81 vs 5.89±1.74, p<0.001), weakness group (6.87±1.88 vs 5.68±1.64, p<0.001), and exhaustion group (6.73±1.90 vs 5.88±1.74, p<0.001) compare with the normal group. ROC curves were used to assess the efficiency of SIRT6 in predicting frailty in older adults. The AUC for SIRT6 was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.7514 to 0.8325), with the highest sensitivity of 68.0% and the specificity of 91.9%, and the optimal critical value of 4.65ng/ml according to Youden's index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum SIRT6 level was independently associated with frailty in older people. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum SIRT6 was decreased in frailty compared with robust older adults. A decreased serum SIRT6 was independently associated with an increased risk of frailty. SIRT6 may be a potential target for the treatment of patients with frailty.
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[Mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:1875-1880. [PMID: 36572457 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220628-00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the possible mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence. Methods: After excluding individuals with missing educational levels and cancer information at baseline, 446 772 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) prospective cohort study were included. Cox regression models were used to investigate the associations of educational level and smoking and healthy diet score with the incidence of lung cancer. Mediating effect analysis was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the correlation between educational level and lung cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1 994 new- onset lung cancer cases were observed. Per 1 standard deviation (5 years) increase in educational level was associated with a 12% lower risk of lung cancer (HR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.84-0.92). The corresponding level 1-5 in the International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) were mapped to UKB self-report highest qualification to estimate the educational level. A higher rank means a higher educational level. Compared with level ISCED-1, the HR(95%CI) of level ISCED-2, ISCED-3, ISCED-4 and ISCED-5 were respectively 0.83 (0.72-0.94), 0.67 (0.53-0.85), 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.72 (0.64-0.80) for lung cancer. Education years were negatively correlated with smoking, with β coefficients (95%CI) being -0.079 (-0.081- -0.077), but positively correlated with healthy diet score (β=0.042, 95%CI: 0.039-0.045). Analysis of mediating effect indicated that the association of educational level with lung cancer risk was mediated by smoking and healthy diet score, the proportions of mediating effect were 38.952% (95%CI: 31.802%-51.659%) and 1.784% (95%CI: 0.405%-3.713%), respectively. Conclusion: Smoking and healthy diet score might mediate the effect of educational level on the incidence of lung cancer, indicating that improving the level of education can reduce the risk of lung cancer by changing lifestyles such as smoking and diet.
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[Application study of stool-based methylated SDC2 test in the screening of colorectal neoplasms for physical examination population]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2022; 56:1767-1773. [PMID: 36536564 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220314-00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of stool-based methylated SDC2 test in physical examination population for the screening of colorectal neoplasms. Methods: Using the prospective cohort study method, from December 2020 to November 2021, 2 107 participants from the First People's Hospital of Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province were enrolled, consisted of 1 012 males and 1 094 females, aged 20-90 years with the median age of 49 years old. Fresh stool samples were collected and SDC2 DNA methylation tests were carried out as the primary screening method. The participants with positive results were recommended to undergo colonoscopy, and those who were negative were followed up by telephone. The positive rate of screening, the compliance of colonoscopy, and the detection of colorectal lesions were analyzed by chi-square test. Combined the follow-up results of negative subjects, the value of SDC2 DNA methylation test for the screening of colorectal neoplasms was evaluated. Results: Among the 2 107 participants, 2 106 completed the SDC2 methylation test. 113 participants (5.4%) were positive. The positive rate of primary screening increased with age significantly (χ2=32.135, P<0.001). Out of 113 cases, 72 (63.7%) underwent colonoscopy examinations. Finally, 3 (4.2%) cases of colorectal cancer, 12 (16.7%) cases of advanced adenoma, 31 (43.1%) cases of non-advanced adenoma, and 16 (22.2%) cases of non-adenomatous polyp were detected. The positive predictive value (PPV) of stool-based SDC2 DNA methylation test for intestinal lesions and colorectal neoplasms were 86.1% and 63.9%, respectively. Among the 1 374 follow-up participants, the negative predictive value (NPV) of this test for intestinal lesions and colorectal neoplasms were 97.7% and 99.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Primary stool-based SDC2 DNA methylation test and subsequent colonoscopy examination can effectively find colorectal neoplasms. This strategy may be a potential tool for the screening of colorectal neoplasms in general risk population.
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197TiP First-in-human (FIH) phase I/II study of ubamatamab, a MUC16xCD3 bispecific antibody, administered alone or in combination with cemiplimab in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC). IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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[Effects and mechanism of water-soluble chitosan hydrogel on infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice]. ZHONGHUA SHAO SHANG YU CHUANG MIAN XIU FU ZA ZHI 2022; 38:923-931. [PMID: 36299203 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220507-00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects and mechanism of water-soluble chitosan hydrogel on infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. The control hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the water-soluble chitosan hydrogel composed of the aforementioned two materials and water-soluble chitosan were prepared by the cyclic freeze-thaw method. The fluidity of the two dressings in test tube before and after the first freeze-thawing was generally observed, and the difference in appearance of the final state of two dressings in 12-well plates were compared. According to random number table (the same grouping method below), the cell strains of L929 and HaCaT were both divided into water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group and control hydrogel group, respectively. After adding corresponding dressings and culturing for 24 h, the cell proliferation activity was measured using cell counting kit 8. Rabbit blood erythrocyte suspensions were divided into normal saline group, polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether (Triton X-100) group, water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group, and control hydrogel group, which were treated accordingly and incubated for 1 hour, and then the hemolysis degree of erythrocyte was detected by a microplate reader. Twenty-four female db/db mice aged 11-14 weeks were selected, and full-thickness skin defect wounds on their backs were inflicted and inoculated with the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 72 h later, the mice were divided into blank control group, sulfadiazine silver hydrogel group, control hydrogel group, and water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group, which were treated accordingly. On post injury day (PID) 0 (immediately), 7, 14, and 21, the healing of the wound was observed. On PID 14 and 21, the wound healing rate was calculated. On PID 14, MRSA concentration in wounds was determined. On PID 21, the wounds were histologically analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the expression of CD31 in the wounds was detected by immunofluorescence method, and its positive percentage was calculated. Raw264.7 cells were taken and divided into interleukin-4 (IL-4) group, blank control group, control hydrogel group, and water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group, which were treated accordingly. At 48 h of culture, the percentages of CD206 positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. The number of samples was all 3. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, least significant difference test, and Dunnett T3 test. Results: Two dressings in test tube had certain fluidity before freeze-thawing and formed semi-solid gels after freeze-thawing for once. The final forms of two dressings in 12-well plates were basically stable and translucent sheets, with little difference in transparency. At 24 h of culture, the cell proliferation activities of L929 and HaCaT in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group were significantly higher than those in control hydrogel group (with t values of 6.37 and 7.50, respectively, P<0.01). At 1 h of incubation, the hemolysis degree of erythrocyte in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was significantly lower than that in Triton X-100 group (P<0.01), but similar to that in normal saline group and control hydrogel group (P>0.05). On PID 0, the traumatic conditions of mice in the 4 groups were similar. On PID 7, more yellowish exudates were observed inside the wound in blank control group and control hydrogel group, while a small amount of exudates were observed in the wound in sulfadiazine silver hydrogel group and water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group. On PID 14, the wounds in blank control group and control hydrogel group were dry and crusted without obvious epithelial coverage; in sulfadiazine silver hydrogel group, the scabs fell off and purulent exudate was visible on the wound; in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group, the base of wound was light red and obvious epithelial coverage could be observed on the wound. On PID 14, the wound healing rate in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (all P<0.01). On PID 21, the wound in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was completely closed, while the wounds in the other 3 groups were not completely healed; the wound healing rate in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (all P<0.01). On PID 14, the concentration of MRSA in the wound in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.01), but similar to that in control hydrogel group and sulfadiazine silver hydrogel group (P>0.05). On PID 21, the new epidermis was severely damaged in blank control group; the epidermis on the wound in control hydrogel group also had a large area of defect; complete new epidermis had not yet being formed on the wound in sulfadiazine silver hydrogel group; the wound in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was not only completely covered by the new epidermis, the basal cells of the new epidermis were also regularly aligned. On PID 21, the percentage of CD31 positivity in the wound in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was (2.19±0.35)%, which was significantly higher than (0.18±0.05)% in blank control group, (0.23±0.06)% in control hydrogel group, and (0.62±0.25)% in sulfadiazine silver hydrogel group, all P<0.01. At 48 h of culture, the percentage of CD206 positive Raw264.7 cells in water-soluble chitosan hydrogel group was lower than that in IL-4 group (P>0.01) but significantly higher than that in blank control group and control hydrogel group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: The water-soluble chitosan hydrogel has good biosafety and can induce higher level of macrophage M2 polarization than control hydrogel without water-soluble chitosan, so it can enhance the repair effect of MRSA-infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in diabetic mice and promote rapid wound healing.
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Comparative Analysis of Interaction Mode between MABA and Silver Nanoparticles in the Silver Colloidal Solution. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hierarchical hollow superstructure cobalt selenide bird nests for high-performance lithium storage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:449-458. [PMID: 35868040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The inferior cycling performance caused by large volume variation is the main problem that restricts the application of cobalt selenides in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we synthesize raspberry-like Co-ethylene glycol precursor. It is further selenized into the hierarchical hollow superstructure CoSe2/CoSe bird nests that are assembled by the hollow nanosphere units of CoSe2 and CoSe nanocrystalline. CoSe2/CoSe bird nests achieve excellent cycling performance, high reversible capacity and satisfactory rate capability (1361 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 1000 cycles, 579 mAh/g at 2 A/g after 2000 cycles, 315 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 1000 cycles). Electrochemical kinetics analyses and ex-situ material characterization reveal that the surface capacitive behavior controls the electrochemical reaction, and the composite has low reaction impedance, fast and stable Li+ diffusion, and superior structural stability. The superior lithium storage performance is attributed to the unique superstructure bird nest. Large specific surface area, abundant hierarchical pores and the opening mouth result in high electrochemical activity, which induces high reversible capacity. The small hollow nanosphere units, the sufficiently thick hierarchical porous superstructure shell and the large hollow interior bring about the strong synergistic effect to improve cycling performance. The intimately coupling of CoSe2/CoSe nanocrystalline and the hollow nanosphere units guarantees high conductivity. This work has greatly enriched the understanding of structure design of high-performance cobalt selenide anodes.
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P-382 Decrease of serum estradiol prior to human chorionic gonadotrophin administration have an impact on live birth in IVF/ICSI cycles. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Whether decrease of serum estradiol prior to human chorionic gonadotrophin administration have an impact on live birth in IVF/ICSI cycles?
Summary answer
The E2 change before the day of hCG administration had significant correlation with live birth. The live birth rate decreased with decreasing serum E2 level.
What is known already
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a decrease of estradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration on in vitro fertilization /intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes, including cycles with long, antagonist and micro stimulus protocols.
Study design, size, duration
In this retrospective cohort study, 1303 patients who received IVF/ICSI non-donor treatment were identified. Patients were divided into two groups according to live birth and the characteristics of IVF/ICSI cycles were compared between groups, including baseline infertility parameters, ovarian stimulation characteristics and embryo laboratory manipulation parameters.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 1303 patients who received IVF/ICSI non-donor treatment were identified. Patients were divided into two groups according to live birth and the characteristics of IVF/ICSI cycles were compared between groups, including baseline infertility parameters, ovarian stimulation characteristics and embryo laboratory manipulation parameters. The multivariate logistic regression model was performed to adjust potential confounders and assess correlation between E2 dynamics before hCG administration and live birth.
Main results and the role of chance
Our results revealed that patients without live birth had higher age (32.13 ± 4.33 vs. 30.21 ± 3.71, P < 0.001) and pervious miscarriages (0.57 ± 0.95 vs. 0.46 ± 0.83, P = 0.0295), while had lower number of oocytes retrieved (8.95 ± 4.69 vs. 12.36 ± 5.54, P < 0.001), day of hCG E2 (8269.53 ± 4104.22 vs. 9580.71 ± 3534.11, P < 0.001) and endometrium thickness (10.37 ± 3.66 vs. 11.50 ± 3.40, P < 0.001) compared with patients with live birth. Additionally, the multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed significant impact of serum E2 change on the live birth, and the achievement of live birth [OR (95%CI) 0.81 (0.71, 0.92), P = 0.001] decreased with the decreasing level of serum E2 before hCG trigger day. Estradiol stratification analyses displayed the OR and 95% CI for the association between △E2 and live birth among patients with different levels of estradiol decline (<25%, 25%–50%, 50%–75%, >75%). Compared with the <25% decline and 25%–50% decline groups, the ORs of 50%–75% and >75% decline groups were 1.66 (95% CI: 1.12-2.45, P = 0.012) and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.39-2.89, P < 0.001), respectively, after adjusting potential confounders.
Limitations, reasons for caution
There was concealment of randomization and blinding of outcome assessments reducing the risk of selection and measurement bias.
Wider implications of the findings
In summary, the E2 change before the day of hCG administration had significant correlation with live birth, and the live birth decreased with the decreasing level of serum E2 before hCG trigger day. The patients with a greater decline in the E2 level more likely to had poor clinical outcomes.
Trial registration number
Chi CTR1900026088
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[Isobavachalcone induces cell death through multiple pathways in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:878-885. [PMID: 35790438 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of isobavachalcone (IBC) on cell death of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of IBC, and the changes in cell proliferation were assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells following treatment with 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L IBC was analyzed using flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and fluorescence microscopy, and the expressions of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Akt, p-Akt, p62, and LC3) were detected with Western blotting. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in submicrostructure of the cells following treatment with 40 μmol/L IBC. JC-1 assay kit, ATP assay kit, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit were used to determine the effect of IBC on mitochondrial function of the cells. RESULTS MTT assay showed that IBC significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 38.46, 31.31, and 28.26 μmol/L at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. IBC also concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. IBC-induced cell death was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk, a caspase inhibitor (P < 0.05), but not by the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). Western blotting showed that IBC-induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis by increasing Bax expression and down-regulating the expressions of Bcl-2, Akt and p-Akt-473 (all P < 0.05). With the increase of IBC concentration, the expression of autophagy-related protein p62 and the LC3-II/I ratio increased progressively. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagic bodies in IBC-treated MCF-7 cells. IBC treatment also resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP level and increased ROS accumulation in MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IBC is capable of inducing both apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 cells, suggesting the potential value of IBC as a lead compound in the development of anti-breast cancer agents.
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[Low-dose helical CT projection data restoration using noise estimation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:849-859. [PMID: 35790435 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build a helical CT projection data restoration model at random low-dose levels. METHODS We used a noise estimation module to achieve noise estimation and obtained a low-dose projection noise variance map, which was used to guide projection data recovery by the projection data restoration module. A filtering back-projection algorithm (FBP) was finally used to reconstruct the images. The 3D wavelet group residual dense network (3DWGRDN) was adopted to build the network architecture of the noise estimation and projection data restoration module using asymmetric loss and total variational regularization. For validation of the model, 1/10 and 1/15 of normal dose helical CT images were restored using the proposed model and 3 other restoration models (IRLNet, REDCNN and MWResNet), and the results were visually and quantitatively compared. RESULTS Quantitative comparisons of the restored images showed that the proposed helical CT projection data restoration model increased the structural similarity index by 5.79% to 17.46% compared with the other restoration algorithms (P < 0.05). The image quality scores of the proposed method rated by clinical radiologists ranged from 7.19% to 17.38%, significantly higher than the other restoration algorithms (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The proposed method can effectively suppress noises and reduce artifacts in the projection data at different low-dose levels while preserving the integrity of the edges and fine details of the reconstructed CT images.
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[An adaptive CT metal artifact reduction algorithm that combines projection interpolation and physical correction]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:832-839. [PMID: 35790433 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose an adaptive weighted CT metal artifact reduce algorithm that combines projection interpolation and physical correction. METHODS A normalized metal projection interpolation algorithm was used to obtain the initial corrected projection data. A metal physical correction model was then introduced to obtain the physically corrected projection data. To verify the effectiveness of the method, we conducted experiments using simulation data and clinical data. For the simulation data, the quantitative indicators PSNR and SSIM were used for evaluation, while for the clinical data, the resultant images were evaluated by imaging experts to compare the artifact-reducing performance of different methods. RESULTS For the simulation data, the proposed method improved the PSNR value by at least 0.2 dB and resulted in the highest SSIM value among the methods for comparison. The experiment with the clinical data showed that the imaging experts gave the highest scores of 3.616±0.338 (in a 5-point scale) to the images processed using the proposed method, which had significant better artifact-reducing performance than the other methods (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The metal artifact reduction algorithm proposed herein can effectively reduce metal artifacts while preserving the tissue structure information and reducing the generation of new artifacts.
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The Air Flow Distributions within a Typical Planar Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell Stack. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2022. [DOI: 10.20964/2022.06.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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[Potential transmission risk of key parasitic diseases and responses to the risk during the construction of an ecological city in Shanghai Municipality]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2022; 34:531-536. [PMID: 36464251 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A blueprint on Shanghai's ecological space design between 2021 and 2035 was released in 2021, aiming to build an ecological city and improve the development of ecological civilization. The transmission of parasitic diseases is strongly associated with climate and ecological environments. Currently, the prevalence of parasitic diseases has been maintained at extremely low-transmission levels, and there are almost no local cases; however, the alteration of ecological environments may results in a potential transmission risk of parasitic diseases. Hereby, the current status of key parasitic diseases in Shanghai Municipality was described, and the potential transmission risk of parasitic diseases and responses to this risk were analyzed during the construction of an ecological city in Shanghai Municipality. In addition, the suggestions pertaining to surveillance and management of parasitic diseases were proposed during the mid- and long-term construction of an ecological city in Shanghai Municipality.
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[Primary extramedullary plasma cell tumor of the right kidney: report of a case]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 51:360-362. [PMID: 35359052 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210830-00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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[Relationship between body mass index and sexual development in Chinese children]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2022; 60:311-316. [PMID: 35385936 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210906-00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual development in Chinese children. Methods: A nationwide multicenter and population-based large cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from January 2017 to December 2018. Data on sex, age, height, weight were collected, BMI was calculated and sexual characteristics were analyzed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on age, including ages 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, 10-<15 years and 15-<18 years. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for evaluating the associations of BMI with sexual development in children. Dichotomous Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the distribution of early and non-early puberty among normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Curves were drawn to analyze the relationship between the percentage of early puberty and BMI distribution in girls and boys at different Tanner stages. Results: A total of 208 179 healthy children (96 471 girls and 111 708 boys) were enrolled in this study. The OR values of B2, B3 and B4+ in overweight girls were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.56-1.89), 3.19 (95%CI: 2.86-3.57), 7.14 (95%CI: 6.33-8.05) and in obese girls were 2.05 (95%CI: 1.88-2.24), 4.98 (95%CI: 4.49-5.53), 11.21 (95%CI: 9.98-12.59), respectively; while the OR values of G2, G3, G4+ in overweight boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.38), 1.52 (95%CI: 1.36-1.70), 1.88 (95%CI: 1.66-2.14) and in obese boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.37), 1.59 (95%CI: 1.43-1.78), and 1.93 (95%CI: 1.70-2.18) (compared with normal weight Tanner 1 group,all P<0.01). Analysis in different age groups found that OR values of obese girls at B2 stage and boys at G2 stage were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.06-3.86) and 2.32 (95%CI:1.05-5.12) in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, respectively (both P<0.05). And in the age group of 6-10 years, overweight girls had a 5.45-fold risk and obese girls had a 12.54-fold risk of B3 stage compared to girls with normal BMI. Compared with normal weight children, the risk of early puberty was 2.67 times higher in overweight girls, 3.63 times higher in obese girls, and 1.22 times higher in overweight boys, 1.35 times higher in obese boys (all P<0.01). Among the children at each Tanner stages, the percentage of early puberty increased with the increase of BMI, from 5.7% (80/1 397), 16.1% (48/299), 13.8% (27/195) to 25.7% (198/769), 65.1% (209/321), 65.4% (157/240) in girls aged 8-<9, 10-<11 and 11-<12 years, and 6.6% (34/513), 18.7% (51/273), 21.6% (57/264) to 13.3% (96/722), 46.4% (140/302), 47.5% (105/221) in boys aged 9-<10, 12-<13 and 13-<14 years, respectively. Conclusions: BMI is positively correlated with sexual development in both Chinese boys and girls, and the correlation is stronger in girls. Obesity is a risk factor for precocious puberty in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, and 6-<10 years of age is a high risk period for early development in obese girls.
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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:275-301. [PMID: 35191005 PMCID: PMC8860140 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.
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Charge density waves and Fermi surface reconstruction in the clean overdoped cuprate superconductor Tl 2Ba 2CuO 6+δ. Nat Commun 2022; 13:570. [PMID: 35091572 PMCID: PMC8799688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hall effect and quantum oscillation measurements on high temperature cuprate superconductors show that underdoped compositions have small Fermi surface pockets whereas when heavily overdoped, a single much larger pocket is found. The origin of this change in electronic structure has been unclear, but may be related to the high temperature superconductivity. Here we show that the clean overdoped single-layer cuprate Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ (Tl2201) displays CDW order with a remarkably long correlation length ξ ≈ 200 Å which disappears above a hole doping of pCDW ≈ 0.265. We show that the evolution of the electronic properties of Tl2201 as the doping is lowered may be explained by a Fermi surface reconstruction which accompanies the emergence of the CDW below pCDW. Our results demonstrate importance of CDW correlations in understanding the electronic properties of overdoped cuprates. The origin of the Fermi surface reconstruction that occurs in cuprate superconductors as hole doping increases remains unclear. Here, the authors observe long range charge density wave (CDW) order in the overdoped single-layer cuprate Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ, which then disappears above a hole concentration 0.265, suggesting a correlation between Fermi surface reconstruction and the emergence of the CDW.
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[Summary of the Forum on Standardized Diagnosis,Treatment and Management of Pediatric Diseases: the 20th National Pediatric Endocrine and Genetic Metabolic Diseases Conference in 2021]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2022; 60:74-75. [PMID: 34986630 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20211123-00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To compare the association of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores with malnutrition, and to study their association with clinical outcomes in older adult cancer patients. METHODS This retrospective analysis was conducted on 854 older adult cancer patients collected from 34 hospitals in 18 cities in China between June and September 2014. Anthropometric and hematological examination results at admission were collected, and subjective global assessment was used. Clinical outcomes, such as complications, length of hospital stays, and hospital costs, were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the two nutritional assessment tools for malnutrition. The association between GNRI and CONUT score and clinical outcomes was analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, or rank sum test. RESULTS Among 854 patients with cancer, the prevalence of malnutrition was 42.7%. Compared with subjective global assessment, the GNRI had a significantly higher accuracy than the CONUT score in predicting malnutrition (area under the curve 0.704, 95% confidence interval, 0.658 - 0.750, P < 0.001). The GNRI was significantly associated with the occurrence of complications (χ2 = 4.985, P = 0.026), and low GNRI (≤98) was associated with a longer length of hospital stay (t = -2.179, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS The GNRI may be used to assess malnutrition in older adult cancer patients and can predict poor clinical outcomes in these patients.
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Sex-specific plasticity in CRF regulation of inhibitory control in central amygdala CRF1 neurons after chronic voluntary alcohol drinking. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13067. [PMID: 34075665 PMCID: PMC8636550 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite strong preclinical evidence for the ability of corticotropin releasing factor 1 (CRF1) antagonists to regulate alcohol consumption, clinical trials have not yet demonstrated therapeutic effects of these compounds in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. Several confounding factors may limit the translation of preclinical CRF1 research to patients, including reliance on experimenter-administered alcohol instead of voluntary consumption, a preponderance of evidence collected in male subjects only and an inability to assess the effects of alcohol on specific brain circuits. A population of particular interest is the CRF1-containing neurons of the central amygdala (CeA). CRF1 CeA neurons are sensitive to ethanol, but the effects of alcohol drinking on CRF signalling within this population are unknown. In the present study, we assessed the effects of voluntary alcohol drinking on inhibitory control of CRF1+ CeA neurons from male and female CRF1:GFP mice using ex vivo electrophysiology and determined the contributions of CRF1 signalling to inhibitory control and voluntary alcohol drinking. Chronic alcohol drinking produced neuroadaptations in CRF1+ neurons that increased the sensitivity of GABAA receptor-mediated sIPSCs to the acute effects of alcohol, CRF and the CRF1 antagonist R121919, but these adaptations were more pronounced in male versus female mice. The CRF1 antagonist CP-154,526 reduced voluntary alcohol drinking in both sexes and abolished sex differences in alcohol drinking. The lack of alcohol-induced adaptation in the female CRF1 system may be related to the elevated alcohol intake exhibited by female mice and could contribute to the ineffectiveness of CRF1 antagonists in female AUD patients.
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[Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infections in freshwater fish in mainland China: A meta-analysis]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2021; 34:16-27. [PMID: 35266353 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the real prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infections in the freshwater fish in mainland China, so as to provide insights into clonorchiasis control and detection of freshwater fish. METHODS All literatures reporting the prevalence of C. sinensis infections in the freshwater fish, the second intermediate host of the parasite, were jointly retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020, including Wanfang Data, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. All studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of all enrolled literatures was evaluated. The pooled prevalence of C. sinensis infections in freshwater fish and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the software Stata version 15.0, and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the region-, season- and sample source-specific pooled prevalence of C. sinensis infections in freshwater fish. In addition, the sensitivity and publication bias of all included studies were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 40 eligible literatures were included in this study, including 37 Chinese literatures and 3 English literatures, and there were 10 high-quality literatures, 27 moderate-quality literatures and 3 low-quality literatures. A total of 53 species containing 37 959 freshwater fish were reported in these 40 studies, and 73.58% (39/53) of freshwater fish species were identified with C. sinensis infections. Meta-analysis showed 23.5% [95% CI: (0.19, 0.28)] pooled prevalence of C. sinensis infections in freshwater fish in mainland China, and subgroup analyses higher prevalence of C. sinensis infections in freshwater fish in northeastern China [35.7%, 95% CI: (0.22, 0.50)] than in central [25.9%, 95% CI: (0.04, 0.48)] and southern China [20.6%, 95% CI: (0.09, 0.32)], higher prevalence of C. sinensis infections in freshwater fish sampled in spring [44.1%, 95% CI: (0.35, 0.53)] than in autumn [6.7%, 95% CI: (0.05, 0.08)] and summer [3.3%, 95% CI: (-0.01, 0.07)], and higher prevalence of C. sinensis infections in freshwater fish sampled from natural water [25.2%, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.33)] than from retail trades [22.2%, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.28)] and breeding chain [12.3%, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.22)]. However, all included studies had a publication bias with a low sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of C. sinensis infections is high in freshwater fish in mainland China, and there are still challenges for clonorchiasis control. Reinforcement of health education, diagnostics development and food safety supervision is recommended in future clonorchiasis control programs.
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Characterization of genetic fundamentals for piglet mortality at birth in Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc sows. Anim Genet 2021; 53:142-145. [PMID: 34897732 DOI: 10.1111/age.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Piglet mortality is an economically important complex trait that impacts sow prolificacy. Genetic analyses for piglet mortality at weaning have been reported in dozens of studies, but not for piglet mortality at birth. In this study, we used multi-breed data sets from Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc sows to characterize the genetic fundamentals of piglet mortality at birth. The heritabilities from parity I to III were estimated to be 0.0630, 0.1031, and 0.1140 respectively. By using a combined strategy, a total of 21 SNPs were detected in three parities, of which six were observed in parity I, five in parity II and 10 in parity III. Genome annotation revealed that these SNPs were harbored within or close to 19 candidate genes. The candidate genes were found to associate with the reproductive system and embryonic development in the tissue expression database, which are reasonably related to piglet mortality. These findings are expected to provide much information for understanding the genetic and genomic fundamentals of farrowing mortality.
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28P Combination of tertiary lymphoid structure and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Integrating genome-wide association and transcriptome prediction model identifies novel target genes for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2493-2503. [PMID: 34142171 PMCID: PMC8608767 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we integrated large-scale GWAS summary data and used the predicted transcriptome-wide association study method to discover novel genes associated with osteoporosis. We identified 204 candidate genes, which provide novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of osteoporosis and indicate potential therapeutic targets. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a highly polygenetic disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the bone microarchitecture. Our objective was to discover novel candidate genes associated with osteoporosis. METHODS To identify potential causal genes of the associated loci, we investigated trait-gene expression associations using the transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) method. This method directly imputes gene expression effects from genome-wide association study (GWAS) data using a statistical prediction model trained on GTEx reference transcriptome data. We then performed a colocalization analysis to evaluate the posterior probability of biological patterns: associations characterized by a single causal variant or multiple distinct causal variants. Finally, a functional enrichment analysis of gene sets was performed using the VarElect and CluePedia tools, which assess the causal relationships between genes and a disease and search for potential gene's functional pathways. The osteoporosis-associated genes were further confirmed based on the differentially expressed genes profiled from mRNA expression data of bone tissue. RESULTS Our analysis identified 204 candidate genes, including 154 genes that have been previously associated with osteoporosis, 50 genes that have not been previously discovered. A biological function analysis found that 20 of the candidate genes were directly associated with osteoporosis. Further analysis of multiple gene expression profiles showed that 15 genes were differentially expressed in patients with osteoporosis. Among these, SLC11A2, MAP2K5, NFATC4, and HSP90B1 were enriched in four pathways, namely, mineral absorption pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which indicates a causal relationship with the occurrence of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that transcriptome fine-mapping identifies more osteoporosis-related genes and provides key insight into the development of novel targeted therapeutics for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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The dUTPase of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus negatively regulates interferon signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:209-216. [PMID: 34777521 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38240.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Deoxyuracil triphosphate nucleotide (dUTP) pyrophosphatase (dUTPase, DU) is an enzyme of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) that minimizes incorporation of dUTP into the DNA. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus relies partly on its ability to escape from innate immunity to cause persistent infections. Interferon β (IFN-β) is an important marker for evaluating the innate immune system, and it has a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Aims This study was conducted to investigate the details of the IFN-β response to CAEV infection. Methods The expression of IFN-β and the proliferation of Sendai virus (SeV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effect of DU on the IFN signaling pathway was evaluated using luciferase reporter assays. Results In our study, the expression of IFN-β was significantly inhibited and the proliferation of SeV and VSV was promoted in cells overexpressing CAEV-DU. DU affected interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) and IFN-β promoter activities induced by RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS/TBK1 pathway, while did not affect them induced by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3-5D). Conclusion DU protein downregulated the production of IFN-β by inhibiting the activity of the signal transduction molecules upstream of IRF3, thereby, helping CAEV escape innate immunity. Findings of this work provide an evidence to understand the persistent infection and multiple system inflammation of CAEV.
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Aetiology of tinea capitis in China: A multicentre prospective study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:705-712. [PMID: 34741300 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is still common in developing countries, such as China. Its pathogen spectrum varies across regions and changes over time. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the current epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis in China. METHODS A multicentre, prospective descriptive study involving 29 tertiary hospitals in China was conducted. From August 2019 to July 2020, 611 patients with tinea capitis were enrolled. Data concerning demography, risk factors and fungal tests were collected. The pathogens were further identified by morphology or molecular sequencing when necessary in the central laboratory. RESULTS Among all enrolled patients, 74.1% of the cases were 2- to 8-year-olds. The children with tinea capitis were mainly boys (56.2%) and more likely to have an animal contact history (57.4% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.012) and zoophilic dermatophyte infection (73.5%). The adults were mainly females (83.3%) and more likely to have anthropophilic agent infection (53.5%). The most common pathogen was zoophilic Microsporum canis (354, 65.2%), followed by anthropophilic Trichophyton violaceum (74, 13.6%). In contrast to the eastern, western and northeastern regions where zoophilic M. canis predominated, anthropophilic T. violaceum predominated in central China (69.2%, P < 0.0001), where the patients had the most tinea at other sites (20.3%) and dermatophytosis contact (25.9%) with the least animal contact (38.8%). Microsporum ferrugineum was the most common anthropophilic agent in the western area, especially in Xinjiang Province. CONCLUSIONS Boys aged approximately 5 years were mainly affected. Dermatologists are advised to pay more attention to the different transmission routes and pathogen spectra in different age groups from different regions.
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Stoichioproteomics study of differentially expressed proteins and pathways in head and neck cancer. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e249424. [PMID: 34730606 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent feature of head and neck cancer. However, the oxygen element characteristics of proteins and how they adapt to hypoxia microenvironments of head and neck cancer are still unknown. Human genome sequences and proteins expressed data of head and neck cancer were retrieved from pathology atlas of Human Protein Atlas project. Then compared the oxygen and carbon element contents between proteomes of head and neck cancer and normal oral mucosa-squamous epithelial cells, genome locations, pathways, and functional dissection associated with head and neck cancer were also studied. A total of 902 differentially expressed proteins were observed where the average oxygen content is higher than that of the lowly expressed proteins in head and neck cancer proteins. Further, the average oxygen content of the up regulated proteins was 2.54% higher than other. None of their coding genes were distributed on the Y chromosome. The up regulated proteins were enriched in endocytosis, apoptosis and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The increased oxygen contents of the highly expressed and the up regulated proteins might be caused by frequent activity of cytoskeleton and adapted to the rapid growth and fast division of the head and neck cancer cells. The oxygen usage bias and key proteins may help us to understand the mechanisms behind head and neck cancer in targeted therapy, which lays a foundation for the application of stoichioproteomics in targeted therapy and provides promise for potential treatments for head and neck cancer.
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An off-pump biatrial mini-maze procedure for treatment of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Surgical treatment has assumed a more prominent role in the therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF) with favorable efficiency and acceptable safety during the last decades. The traditional Cox-Maze procedure and Wolf Mini-Maze procedure focused on left atrial ablation. However, it is ubiquitous that patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF) typically suffer from biatrial electrical and structural remodeling. The left atrial procedures are still not enough in patients with LSPAF.
Purpose
Herein, we aimed to introduce a modified biatrial off-pump ablation procedure based on the Wolf Mini-Maze procedure and to detect the safety and efficacy of the surgery for patients with LSPAF.
Methods
Between January 2016 and September 2020, 102 patients of LSPAF underwent our modified Mini-Maze procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation. Those patients firstly underwent a Mini-Maze procedure using Dallas lesion set, including video-assisted bilateral mini-thoracotomy, left atrial appendage excision, bilateral pulmonary vein isolation, ganglionic plexi evaluation and destruction, left atrial roof connecting lesion, and a linear lesion connecting this roofline to the root of the aorta at the junction of the left coronary and the non-coronary cusp. Secondly, a purse-string suture was performed on the right atrium, and then four ablation lesions were made to the superior vena cava, to the inferior vena cava, to the appendix of the right atrium, and to the tricuspid valve annulus from the purse-string suture point by the bipolar radiofrequency clamp. After the operation, the patients were followed up at an interval of 3, 6, 12 months, and every 1 year after that.
Results
No mortality
No surgical re-exploration for bleeding. No permanent pacemaker implantation. 99 patients were free from LSPAF upon discharge. A follow-up at interval of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months showed a success rate free from LSPAF was 95.1% (97/102), 94.4% (85/90), 94.8% (73/77), 91.5% (54/59), 90.3% (28/31) and 100% (9/9), respectively
Conclusions
The modified biatrial Mini-Maze suggested a safe and feasible procedure. Early follow-up demonstrated an acceptable success rate free from AF. It might have the potential to become another option for clinical treatment of LSPAF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Schematic of the procedure
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DWI in Brains of Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control MR Imaging Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2040-2045. [PMID: 34475195 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormal ADC values are seen in ischemic brain lesions such as acute or chronic hypoxia. We aimed to assess whether ADC values in the developing brain measured by in utero DWI were different in fetuses with congenital heart disease compared with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS In utero DWI was performed in 50 fetuses with congenital heart disease and 100 healthy controls at a similar gestational age. Pair-wise ADC values of the ROIs were manually delineated on each side of the frontal and periatrial WM and in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar hemisphere, as well as a single measurement in the pons. RESULTS Fetuses with congenital heart disease had significantly lower ADC values in frontal and periatrial WM and the pons than controls (all P < .05) in the early stages of pregnancy. However, ADC values in the thalamus were higher for fetuses with congenital heart disease than for controls (gestational age, ≥26 weeks). For ADC values in the cerebellar hemisphere, there was no obvious significance between cases and controls (P = .07) in the late stages of pregnancy. Basal ganglia ADC values were consistently not significantly different between the 2 groups during the early and late stages of pregnancy (P = .47; .21). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal brain diffusivity can be detected using in utero DWI in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Abnormal ADC values found at a mean gestational age of 26 weeks suggest structural changes, which may provide an early indicator of the impact of congenital heart disease on the developing brain.
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Spatiotemporal distribution of thrombospondin-4 and -5 in cartilage during endochondral bone formation and repair. Bone 2021; 150:115999. [PMID: 33971315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During skeletal development most bones are first formed as cartilage templates, which are gradually replaced by bone. If later in life those bones break, temporary cartilage structures emerge to bridge the fractured ends, guiding the regenerative process. This bone formation process, known as endochondral ossification (EO), has been widely studied for its potential to reveal factors that might be used to treat patients with large bone defects. The extracellular matrix of cartilage consists of different types of collagens, proteoglycans and a variety of non-collagenous proteins that organise the collagen fibers in complex networks. Thrombospondin-5, also known as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (TSP-5/COMP) is abundant in cartilage, where it has been described to enhance collagen fibrillogenesis and to interact with a variety of growth factors, matrix proteins and cellular receptors. However, very little is known about the skeletal distribution of its homologue thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4). In our study, we compared the spatiotemporal expression of TSP-5 and TSP-4 during postnatal bone formation and fracture healing. Our results indicate that in both these settings, TSP-5 distributes across all layers of the transient cartilage, while the localisation of TSP-4 is restricted to the population of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Furthermore, in fractured bones we observed TSP-4 sparsely distributed in the periosteum, while TSP-5 was absent. Last, we analysed the chemoattractant effects of the two proteins on endothelial cells and bone marrow stem cells and hypothesised that, of the two thrombospondins, only TSP-4 might promote blood vessel invasion during ossification. We conclude that TSP-4 is a novel factor involved in bone formation. These findings reveal TSP-4 as an attractive candidate to be evaluated for bone tissue engineering purposes.
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A NEW La(III) COMPLEX CONSTRUCTED BY A LONG FLEXIBLE LIGAND: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, DNA BINDING, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Constructing metal-organic framework-derived Mn 2O 3multishelled hollow nanospheres for high-performance cathode of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:435401. [PMID: 34280901 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac15cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we successfully synthesize Mn2O3multishelled hollow nanospheres through simply oxidizing Mn-based metal-organic framework microspheres. The number of the shells reaches 4. Many cavities and nanograins are hidden underneath the shell. The multishelled hollow structure brings about a wide hierarchical mesopore size range, large pore volume (0.26 cm3g-1) and high specific surface area (117.6 m2g-1). The superior zinc-ion storage performance may be achieved. The reversible capacity reaches 453 mAh g-1at current density of 0.1 A g-1. After 500 cycles at 1 A g-1, the discharge capacity of 152.8 mAh g-1is still delivered. The discharge capacity at 1.5 A g-1stabilizes at 107 mAh g-1. The zinc storage process is further studied through kinetics analyses. It is found that in the zinc storage process, ion diffusion process and capacitive process occur simultaneously, and the capacitive process is dominant. The excellent electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the multishelled hollow nanosphere structure of Mn2O3. This structure promotes contact of electrode materials/electrolyte, offers more active sites, facilitates infiltration of electrolyte, buffer volume change of Mn2O3, improving electrochemical activity, reaction kinetics and cycling performance of Mn2O3. Overall, Mn2O3multishelled hollow nanosphere is an excellent cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
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Intimately coupled Mn 3O 4nanocrystalline@3D honeycomb hierarchical porous network scaffold carbon for high-performance cathode of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:405403. [PMID: 34225259 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, 3D honeycomb hierarchical porous network scaffold carbon is synthesized by a unique PVP-SiO2-boiling method with the boiling bubbles as soft template and SiO2nanospheres as hard template. Then MnO2nanosheets intimately grow on the carbon matrix and are further decomposed to Mn3O4nanocrystalline with size of 7-9 nm. The obtained Mn3O4nanocrystalline@3D honeycomb hierarchical porous network scaffold carbon has abundant mesopores and large specific surface area (92 m2g-1). When used as a cathode material for zinc-ion batteries, the synthesized composites exhibit high reversible capacity (546.2 mAh g-1at 0.5 A g-1), remarkable cycling stability (discharge capacity of 97.8 mAh g-1at 3 A g-1after 600 cycles) and superior rate capability (15.7 mAh g-1at 10 A g-1). The kinetics analyses indicate zinc storage mechanism includes diffusion process and capacitive process of Zn2+and H+ions, and the capacitive storage is dominant. The outstanding zinc storage performance benefits from the structural advantages. The unique carbon matrix improves electronic conductivity of Mn3O4, facilitates penetration of electrolyte, and well supports Mn3O4nanocrystalline. The small size and large specific surface area of Mn3O4nanocrystalline induce significant capacitive storage effect.
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[Curcumin induces human lens epithelial cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:722-728. [PMID: 34134960 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of curcumin on cell cycle and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells and the possible molecular mechanism. OBJECTIVE Cultured human lens epithelial cell line HLEC-SRA01/04 was treated with 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L curcumin for 24 or 48 h. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined using MTT assay, and the changes in cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate were analyzed with flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin B1, CDK1, β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in the cells. OBJECTIVE Curcumin concentration- and time-dependently inhibited the proliferation of in HLEC-SRA01/04 cells as compared with the control cells (P < .05). Flow cytometric analysis showed that curcumin significantly increased apoptosis rate and cell percentage in G2/M phase and lowered mitochondrial membrane potential of HLEC-SRA01/04 cells in a concentrationdependent manner (P < 0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that curcumin also concentration-dependently increased the cellular expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax and lowered the expressions of Bcl-2, cyclin B1, CDK1 and β-catenin along with the downstream proteins cyclin D1 and c-myc in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Curcumin inhibits the proliferation of HLEC-SRA01/04 cells possibly by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and causing cell cycle arrest to induce cell apoptosis.
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