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Kujawska M, Schaubeck M, Hall LJ, Neuhaus K. Draft genome sequence of Bifidobacterium breve DSM 32583, isolated from human milk. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0041223. [PMID: 37815360 PMCID: PMC10652949 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00412-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of Bifidobacterium breve DSM 32583 isolated from human milk obtained from a healthy mother. Potentially, this B. breve strain could serve as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kujawska
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, TUM School of Life Sciences and ZIEL–Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, TUM School of Life Sciences and ZIEL–Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg, Freising, Germany
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL–Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg, Freising, Germany
- Weihenstephan Microbial Strain Collection, ZIEL–Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg, Freising, Germany
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Ozen M, Piloquet H, Schaubeck M. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Clinical Potential of a Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Milk. Nutrients 2023; 15:2207. [PMID: 37432320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides the ideal nutrition for infants. Human milk contains a plethora of functional ingredients which foster the development of the immune system. The human milk microbiota predominantly contributes to this protective effect. This is mediated by various mechanisms, such as an antimicrobial effect, pathogen exclusion and barrier integrity, beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota, vitamin synthesis, immunity enhancement, secreted probiotic factors, and postbiotic mechanisms. Therefore, human milk is a good source for isolating probiotics for infants who cannot be exclusively breastfed. One such probiotic which was isolated from human milk is Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716. In this review, we give an overview of available interventional studies using Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and summarise preclinical trials in several animal models of different pathologies, which have given first insights into its mechanisms of action. We present several randomised clinical studies, which have been conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 strain in supporting the host's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Ozen
- School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hugues Piloquet
- Department of Paediatric Chronic Diseases, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
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Blanco-Rojo R, Maldonado J, Schaubeck M, Özen M, López-Huertas E, Olivares M. Beneficial Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 Administration to Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:906924. [PMID: 35874592 PMCID: PMC9301023 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.906924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cesarean section (CS) disrupts the natural microbiota colonization process in infants, which might compromise immune system maturation, leading to a higher risk of infections. We evaluated the effect of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum CECT 5716 on the incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in the CS infant subgroups (n = 173) of three randomized clinical trials in which this probiotic strain was demonstrated to be safe and effective for preventing infections. Therefore, the data for the CS infants were extracted to obtain the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI for gastrointestinal and respiratory infections for each study and were then combined to obtain a pooled IRR and 95% CI using the generic inverse variance method. There was a significant reduction of 73% in the incidence of gastrointestinal infections in CS infants receiving L. fermentum CECT 5716 compared with those receiving the control formula [n = 173, IRR: 0.27 (0.13, 0.53), p = 0.0002]. Regarding respiratory infections, although pooled results showed a reduction of 14% in the probiotic group, the difference was not statistically significant [n = 173, IRR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.67, 1.11), p = 0.25]. In conclusion, the administration of L. fermentum CECT 5716 to CS-born infants protects them from gastrointestinal infections by reducing the risk by up to 73% in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, a Kerry Company, Granada, Spain
| | - José Maldonado
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Department of Pediatric, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Metehan Özen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduardo López-Huertas
- Estación Experimental Zaidín, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Olivares
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, a Kerry Company, Granada, Spain
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Hornef M, Pabst O, Annesi-Maesano I, Fleddermann M, von Mutius E, Schaubeck M, Fiocchi A. Allergic diseases in infancy II-oral tolerance and its failure. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100586. [PMID: 34868451 PMCID: PMC8609161 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The early window of opportunity describes the timeframe after birth in which essential interactions of the immune system and the newly developing microbiota take place. The infant's immune system has to be reactive to invading pathogens and at the same time tolerant to dietary antigens. If the mechanisms of defense and tolerance induction are disturbed, the risk of infections or allergies is increased. Method This is a narrative review of the recently published information on the topic of neonatal intestinal development and mechanisms of oral tolerance and summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the 8th Human Milk Workshop. Results The early postnatal period sets the stage for life-long host-microbiome interaction. In this early phase, specific developmental mechanisms ensure physiologic interaction with the developing microbiota. Innate and adaptive immune cells interact in a concerted way to induce and uphold oral tolerance. Factors in human milk can support this induction of tolerance and simultaneously protect against infection and allergy development. Conclusion Understanding the developmental mechanisms in this early phase of immune system development is the first step to develop strategies of pathology prevention. As human milk protects the infant from infections, and aids to develop a tolerogenic immune response, further knowledge on the protective factors in human milk and their effect on the immune system is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, IPLESP, French Institute of Health and Medical Research and Sorbonne University, Medical School Saint Antoine, 27 Rue Chaligny, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Manja Fleddermann
- HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, Georg-Hipp-Straße 7, Pfaffenhofen, 85276, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, Munich, 80337, Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, Georg-Hipp-Straße 7, Pfaffenhofen, 85276, Germany
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Division of Allergy, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesú (IRCCS), Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy
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Schmidt F, Dahlke K, Batra A, Keye J, Wu H, Friedrich M, Glauben R, Ring C, Loh G, Schaubeck M, Hackl H, Trajanoski Z, Schumann M, Kühl AA, Blaut M, Siegmund B. Microbial Colonization in Adulthood Shapes the Intestinal Macrophage Compartment. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1173-1185. [PMID: 30938416 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Contact with distinct microbiota early in life has been shown to educate the mucosal immune system, hence providing protection against immune-mediated diseases. However, the impact of early versus late colonization with regard to the development of the intestinal macrophage compartment has not been studied so far. METHODS Germ-free mice were colonized with specific-pathogen-free [SPF] microbiota at the age of 5 weeks. The ileal and colonic macrophage compartment were analysed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing 1 and 5 weeks after colonization and in age-matched SPF mice, which had had contact with microbiota since birth. To evaluate the functional differences, dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis was induced, and barrier function analyses were undertaken. RESULTS Germ-free mice were characterized by an atrophied intestinal wall and a profoundly reduced number of ileal macrophages. Strikingly, morphological restoration of the intestine occurred within the first week after colonization. In contrast, ileal macrophages required 5 weeks for complete restoration, whereas colonic macrophages were numerically unaffected. However, following DSS exposure, the presence of microbiota was a prerequisite for colonic macrophage infiltration. One week after colonization, mild colonic inflammation was observed, paralleled by a reduced inflammatory response after DSS treatment, in comparison with SPF mice. This attenuated inflammation was paralleled by a lack of TNFα production of LPS-stimulated colonic macrophages from SPF and colonized mice, suggesting desensitization of colonized mice by the colonization itself. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first data indicating that after colonization of adult mice, the numeric, phenotypic, and functional restoration of the macrophage compartment requires the presence of intestinal microbiota and is time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dahlke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Arvind Batra
- Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Keye
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Friedrich
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Ring
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gunnar Loh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schumann
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Yoon H, Schaubeck M, Lagkouvardos I, Blesl A, Heinzlmeir S, Hahne H, Clavel T, Panda S, Ludwig C, Kuster B, Manichanh C, Kump P, Haller D, Hörmannsperger G. Increased Pancreatic Protease Activity in Response to Antibiotics Impairs Gut Barrier and Triggers Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:370-388.e3. [PMID: 30182050 PMCID: PMC6121113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Antibiotic (ABx) therapy is associated with increased risk for Crohn's disease but underlying mechanisms are unknown. We observed high fecal serine protease activity (PA) to be a frequent side effect of ABx therapy. The aim of the present study was to unravel whether this rise in large intestinal PA may promote colitis development via detrimental effects on the large intestinal barrier. Methods Transwell experiments were used to assess the impact of high PA in ABx-treated patients or vancomycin/metronidazole-treated mice on the epithelial barrier. Serine protease profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis. The impact of high large intestinal PA on the intestinal barrier in wild-type and interleukin (IL)10-/- mice and on colitis development in IL10-/- mice was investigated using vancomycin/metronidazole with or without oral serine protease inhibitor (AEBSF) treatment. Results The ABx-induced, high large intestinal PA was caused by significantly increased levels of pancreatic proteases and impaired epithelial barrier integrity. In wild-type mice, the rise in PA caused a transient increase in intestinal permeability but did not affect susceptibility to chemically induced acute colitis. In IL10-/- mice, increased PA caused a consistent impairment of the intestinal barrier associated with inflammatory activation in the large intestinal tissue. In the long term, the vancomycin/metronidazole-induced lasting increase in PA aggravated colitis development in IL10-/- mice. Conclusions High large intestinal PA is a frequent adverse effect of ABx therapy, which is detrimental to the large intestinal barrier and may contribute to the development of chronic intestinal inflammation in susceptible individuals.
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Key Words
- ABx, antibiotics
- AEBSF, 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Epithelial Barrier
- GF, germ-free
- Gut Microbiota
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry
- PA, protease activity
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PMSF, phenylmethane-sulfonylfluoride
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
- Serine Proteases
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- V/M, vancomycin/metronidazole
- WT, wild-type
- cecal-sup, cecal-supernatants
- ctr, control
- stool-sup, stool-supernatants
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsup Yoon
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Neuroimmunology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Technische Universität München, Junior Research Group Microbial Bioinformatics, ZIEL – Institute for Food and Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andreas Blesl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephanie Heinzlmeir
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannes Hahne
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- OmicScouts GmbH, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- RWTH University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Functional Microbiome Research Group, Aachen, Germany
| | - Suchita Panda
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Digestive Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Technische Universität München, Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Patrizia Kump
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk Haller
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hörmannsperger
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has long been known to play an important role in the maintenance of health. In addition, alterations of the intestinal microbiota have recently been associated with a range of immune-mediated and metabolic disorders. Characterizing the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota, unravelling relevant microbe-host interactions, and identifying disease-relevant microbes are therefore currently of major interest in scientific and medical communities. Experimental animal models for the respective diseases of interest are pivotal in order to address functional questions on microbe-host interaction and to clarify the clinical relevance of microbiome alterations associated with disease initiation and development. This review presents an overview of the outcomes of highly sophisticated experimental studies on microbe-host interaction in animal models of inflammatory diseases, with a focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We will address the advantages and drawbacks of analyzing microbe-host interaction in complex colonized animal models compared with gnotobiotic animal models using monoassociation, simplified microbial consortia (SMC), or microbial humanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hörmannsperger
- Gabriele Hörmannsperger, PhD, is a molecular biologist researcher, Monika Schaubeck, MSc, is a PhD student, and Dirk Haller, PhD, is full professor and head of the Chair of Nutrition and Immunology at the Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - M Schaubeck
- Gabriele Hörmannsperger, PhD, is a molecular biologist researcher, Monika Schaubeck, MSc, is a PhD student, and Dirk Haller, PhD, is full professor and head of the Chair of Nutrition and Immunology at the Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - D Haller
- Gabriele Hörmannsperger, PhD, is a molecular biologist researcher, Monika Schaubeck, MSc, is a PhD student, and Dirk Haller, PhD, is full professor and head of the Chair of Nutrition and Immunology at the Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Schaubeck M, Clavel T, Calasan J, Lagkouvardos I, Haange SB, Jehmlich N, Basic M, Dupont A, Hornef M, von Bergen M, Bleich A, Haller D. Dysbiotic gut microbiota causes transmissible Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of failure in antimicrobial defence. Gut 2016; 65:225-37. [PMID: 25887379 PMCID: PMC4752651 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Functional evidence for a causal role of bacteria in the development of chronic small intestinal inflammation is lacking. Similar to human pathology, TNF(deltaARE) mice develop a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-driven CD-like transmural inflammation with predominant ileal involvement. DESIGN Heterozygous TNF(deltaARE) mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were housed under conventional (CONV), specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) conditions. Microbial communities were analysed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Metaproteomes were measured using LC-MS. Temporal and spatial resolution of disease development was followed after antibiotic treatment and transfer of microbial communities into GF mice. Granulocyte infiltration and Paneth cell function was assessed by immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis. RESULTS GF-TNF(deltaARE) mice were free of inflammation in the gut and antibiotic treatment of CONV-TNF(deltaARE) mice attenuated ileitis but not colitis, demonstrating that disease severity and location are microbiota-dependent. SPF-TNF(deltaARE) mice developed distinct ileitis-phenotypes associated with gradual loss of antimicrobial defence. 16S analysis and metaproteomics revealed specific compositional and functional alterations of bacterial communities in inflamed mice. Transplantation of disease-associated but not healthy microbiota transmitted CD-like ileitis to GF-TNF(deltaARE) recipients and triggered loss of lysozyme and cryptdin-2 expression. Monoassociation of GF-TNF(deltaARE) mice with the human CD-related Escherichia coli LF82 did not induce ileitis. CONCLUSIONS We provide clear experimental evidence for the causal role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in the development of chronic ileal inflammation with subsequent failure of Paneth cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schaubeck
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jelena Calasan
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sven Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institut for Medical Microbiology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aline Dupont
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany,UFZ, Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany,ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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9
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Buttó LF, Schaubeck M, Haller D. Mechanisms of Microbe-Host Interaction in Crohn's Disease: Dysbiosis vs. Pathobiont Selection. Front Immunol 2015; 6:555. [PMID: 26635787 PMCID: PMC4652232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a systemic chronic inflammatory condition mainly characterized by discontinuous transmural pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and frequent extraintestinal manifestations with intermittent episodes of remission and relapse. Genome-wide association studies identified a number of risk loci that, catalyzed by environmental triggers, result in the loss of tolerance toward commensal bacteria based on dysregulated innate effector functions and antimicrobial defense, leading to exacerbated adaptive immune responses responsible for chronic immune-mediated tissue damage. In this review, we discuss the inter-related role of changes in the intestinal microbiota, epithelial barrier integrity, and immune cell functions on the pathogenesis of CD, describing the current approaches available to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Substantial effort has been dedicated to define disease-associated changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and to link pathobionts to the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. A cogent definition of dysbiosis is lacking, as well as an agreement of whether pathobionts or complex shifts in the microbiota trigger inflammation in the host. Among the rarely available animal models, SAMP/Yit and TNFdeltaARE mice are the best known displaying a transmural CD-like phenotype. New hypothesis-driven mouse models, e.g., epithelial-specific Caspase8−/−, ATG16L1−/−, and XBP1−/− mice, validate pathway-focused function of specific CD-associated risk genes highlighting the role of Paneth cells in antimicrobial defense. To study the causal role of bacteria in initiating inflammation in the host, the use of germ-free mouse models is indispensable. Unraveling the interactions of genes, immune cells and microbes constitute a criterion for the development of safe, reliable, and effective treatment options for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica F Buttó
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
| | - Monika Schaubeck
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
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