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Al-Alsadoon L, Taqa G, Al-Saffar M. EVALUATION OF PAIN-KILLING ACTION OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID NANOPARTICLES ON THERMAL NOCICEPTION IN MICE. Georgian Med News 2023:57-61. [PMID: 37522775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a common experience that can range from mild annoyance to debilitating agony. As such, finding effective ways to relieve pain is a crucial aspect of healthcare. Aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a commonly used analgesic that works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for causing pain. However, the effectiveness of aspirin can be influenced by various factors, including the form in which it is administered. The current study aimed to compare the effects of aspirin's ordinary particles and nanoparticles as an analgesic utilizing the hot plate method in topical formulations (gel, ointment, cream). The study employed 120 albino mice, all males, divided into six groups. In the three groups, aspirin was topically applied using various formulations (gel, cream, and ointment, respectively) and concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%). The same composition and concentration of aspirin nanoparticles were administered to the other three groups. The reaction time was assessed after aspirin was topically applied at 2-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50- and 60-minute intervals. Extended delay durations in comparison to control values were used to express the ant-nociceptive effects of aspirin. The results of the study showed that aspirin nanoparticles produced the best analgesic impact, followed by the cream and then the ointment, according to the data. This suggests that the form in which aspirin is administered can significantly influence its effectiveness as an analgesic. The use of nanoparticles may increase the bioavailability of aspirin, allowing it to be more efficiently absorbed by the body and produce a more significant analgesic effect. Overall, the study's findings suggest that aspirin nanoparticles may be a more effective form of aspirin for pain relief than ordinary particles. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits and drawbacks of this form of aspirin and determine its efficacy in human subjects. Nevertheless, the current study provides valuable insights into the factors that can influence the effectiveness of aspirin as an analgesic and may inform future developments in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Al-Alsadoon
- 1Mosul Technical Institute/Northern Technical University, Iraq
| | - G Taqa
- 2Dental Basic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry. University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - M Al-Saffar
- 2Dental Basic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry. University of Mosul, Iraq
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Al-Shaibani M, Al-Saffar M, Mahmood A. THE IMPACT OF ALOE VERA GEL ON REMINERALIZATION OF THE TOOTH AND ITS EFFECT AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS: AN IN VITRO STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:63-68. [PMID: 37419473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The Aloe vera plant is a cactus-like plant in the Liliacea family that has been known and utilized for its medical benefits. It has been attempted to be used as a remineralizing agent and shows an antibacterial effect. Aim of the study - assessment of the remineralizing effect of solution of saturated Aloe vera gel compared to distal water by microhardness Vickers test and Densometric X-Ray Analysis and effect of Aloe vera gel against Enterococcus faecalis. 10 extracted permanent molars were used in this in vitro study. each tooth enrolls in Teflon tape and only the enamel of the occlusal surface was exposed to a demineralizing solution (acid etch) for 45 seconds in-vitro and randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 was treated with distal water; group 2 was treated with Aloe vera gel. All groups except the control baseline group were treated with their respective remineralizing solution for 10 days. Vicker's Microhardness Number (VHN) and Densometric X-Ray Analysis were carried out at baseline, post-demineralization and later post 10 days of remineralization. The antibacterial effect of Aloe vera gel was assessed by the disc diffusion method. The filter paper was immersed in 20µl of different concentrations of Aloe vera gel extract as fresh Aloe vera (100 %) and (50 % and 25 %) diluted with de-ionized water after that the disc was distributed in a plate containing the E. faecalis. Antibiotics disc of Augmentin (Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid 30ug) were also poured in the same plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zone of inhibition of antibiotic was measured for comparison with a zone of inhibition of filter paper saturated with Aloe vera gel. Densitometric X-Ray Analysis and Microhardness Number (VHN) evaluation showed improvement in the enamel density and the surface hardness after remineralization. The mean value in the group treated with Aloe vera solution was higher than the recorded mean value for the group treated with distal water. There was a significant difference between Aloe vera solution and distal water. Significant (p-value≤0.05) after 10 days. The antibacterial effect showed that E. faecalis was resistant to Aloe vera gel in different concentrations compared with Augmentin (Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid 30ug). Aloe vera gel could be used for caries prevention in terms of safety and efficiency. While E. faecalis show resistance activity against Aloe vera gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Shaibani
- College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - M Al-Saffar
- College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - A Mahmood
- College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Shao DD, Straussberg R, Ahmed H, Khan A, Tian S, Hill RS, Smith RS, Majmundar AJ, Ameziane N, Neil JE, Yang E, Al Tenaiji A, Jamuar SS, Schlaeger TM, Al-Saffar M, Hovel I, Al-Shamsi A, Basel-Salmon L, Amir AZ, Rento LM, Lim JY, Ganesan I, Shril S, Evrony G, Barkovich AJ, Bauer P, Hildebrandt F, Dong M, Borck G, Beetz C, Al-Gazali L, Eyaid W, Walsh CA. A recurrent, homozygous EMC10 frameshift variant is associated with a syndrome of developmental delay with variable seizures and dysmorphic features. Genet Med 2021; 23:1158-1162. [PMID: 33531666 PMCID: PMC8187145 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex (EMC) is a highly conserved, multifunctional 10-protein complex related to membrane protein biology. In seven families, we identified 13 individuals with highly overlapping phenotypes who harbor a single identical homozygous frameshift variant in EMC10. METHODS Using exome, genome, and Sanger sequencing, a recurrent frameshift EMC10 variant was identified in affected individuals in an international cohort of consanguineous families. Multiple families were independently identified and connected via Matchmaker Exchange and internal databases. We assessed the effect of the frameshift variant on EMC10 RNA and protein expression and evaluated EMC10 expression in normal human brain tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A homozygous variant EMC10 c.287delG (Refseq NM_206538.3, p.Gly96Alafs*9) segregated with affected individuals in each family, who exhibited a phenotypic spectrum of intellectual disability (ID) and global developmental delay (GDD), variable seizures and variable dysmorphic features (elongated face, curly hair, cubitus valgus, and arachnodactyly). The variant arose on two founder haplotypes and results in significantly reduced EMC10 RNA expression and an unstable truncated EMC10 protein. CONCLUSION We propose that a homozygous loss-of-function variant in EMC10 causes a novel syndromic neurodevelopmental phenotype. Remarkably, the recurrent variant is likely the result of a hypermutable site and arose on distinct founder haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane D Shao
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Neurology Unit, Schneider Children Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Hind Ahmed
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Khan
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Songhai Tian
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Neil
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amal Al Tenaiji
- Medical Institute of Medical Affairs, Sheikh Khalifa Medica City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Saumya S Jamuar
- Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Aisha Al-Shamsi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital and Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Achiya Z Amir
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Clinic, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Lariza M Rento
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiin Ying Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Indra Ganesan
- Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gilad Evrony
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- New York University School of Medicine, Center for Human Genetics & Genomics, New York, NY, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Neuroradiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guntram Borck
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE Ulm), Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- genetikum, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Wafaa Eyaid
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mao Y, Schneider R, van der Ven PFM, Assent M, Lohanadan K, Klämbt V, Buerger F, Kitzler TM, Deutsch K, Nakayama M, Majmundar AJ, Mann N, Hermle T, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Zhou W, Margam NN, Duncan R, Marquez J, Khokha M, Fathy HM, Kari JA, El Desoky S, Eid LA, Awad HS, Al-Saffar M, Mane S, Lifton RP, Fürst DO, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. Recessive Mutations in SYNPO2 as a Candidate of Monogenic Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 6:472-483. [PMID: 33615072 PMCID: PMC7879128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most of the approximately 60 genes that if mutated cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are highly expressed in the glomerular podocyte, rendering SRNS a “podocytopathy.” Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 1200 nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients. Results We discovered homozygous truncating and homozygous missense mutation in SYNPO2 (synaptopodin-2) (p.Lys1124∗ and p.Ala1134Thr) in 2 patients with childhood-onset NS. We found SYNPO2 expression in both podocytes and mesangial cells; however, notably, immunofluorescence staining of adult human and rat kidney cryosections indicated that SYNPO2 is localized mainly in mesangial cells. Subcellular localization studies reveal that in these cells SYNPO2 partially co-localizes with α-actinin and filamin A−containing F-actin filaments. Upon transfection in mesangial cells or podocytes, EGFP-SYNPO2 co-localized with α-actinin-4, which gene is mutated in autosomal dominant SRNS in humans. SYNPO2 overexpression increases mesangial cell migration rate (MMR), whereas shRNA knockdown reduces MMR. Decreased MMR was rescued by transfection of wild-type mouse Synpo2 cDNA but only partially by cDNA representing mutations from the NS patients. The increased mesangial cell migration rate (MMR) by SYNPO2 overexpression was inhibited by ARP complex inhibitor CK666. SYNPO2 shRNA knockdown in podocytes decreased active Rac1, which was rescued by transfection of wild-type SYNPO2 cDNA but not by cDNA representing any of the 2 mutant variants. Conclusion We show that SYNPO2 variants may lead to Rac1-ARP3 dysregulation, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youying Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanhai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Assent
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Keerthika Lohanadan
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konstantin Deutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanhai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Roy Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Marquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mustafa Khokha
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria Faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai A Eid
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem Subhi Awad
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Coulter ME, Musaev D, DeGennaro EM, Zhang X, Henke K, James KN, Smith RS, Hill RS, Partlow JN, Muna Al-Saffar, Kamumbu AS, Hatem N, Barkovich AJ, Aziza J, Chassaing N, Zaki MS, Sultan T, Burglen L, Rajab A, Al-Gazali L, Mochida GH, Harris MP, Gleeson JG, Walsh CA. Regulation of human cerebral cortical development by EXOC7 and EXOC8, components of the exocyst complex, and roles in neural progenitor cell proliferation and survival. Genet Med 2020; 22:1040-1050. [PMID: 32103185 PMCID: PMC7272323 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The exocyst complex is a conserved protein complex that mediates fusion of intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane and is implicated in processes including cell polarity, cell migration, ciliogenesis, cytokinesis, autophagy, and fusion of secretory vesicles. The essential role of these genes in human genetic disorders, however, is unknown. METHODS We performed homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing of consanguineous families with recessively inherited brain development disorders. We modeled an EXOC7 splice variant in vitro and examined EXOC7 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in developing mouse and human cortex. We modeled exoc7 loss-of-function in a zebrafish knockout. RESULTS We report variants in exocyst complex members, EXOC7 and EXOC8, in a novel disorder of cerebral cortex development. In EXOC7, we identified four independent partial loss-of-function (LOF) variants in a recessively inherited disorder characterized by brain atrophy, seizures, and developmental delay, and in severe cases, microcephaly and infantile death. In EXOC8, we found a homozygous truncating variant in a family with a similar clinical disorder. We modeled exoc7 deficiency in zebrafish and found the absence of exoc7 causes microcephaly. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the essential role of the exocyst pathway in normal cortical development and how its perturbation causes complex brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Coulter
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Harvard/MIT MD-PHD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Department of Neurosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M DeGennaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katrin Henke
- Division of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiely N James
- Department of Neurosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Stacy Kamumbu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Hatem
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Benioff Children's Hospital, Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Aziza
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UDEAR; UMR 1056 Inserm-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health & The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet, Département de génétique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Hôpital Trousseau and Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Anna Rajab
- National Genetics Center, Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Division of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Khalil R, Kenny C, Hill RS, Mochida GH, Nasir RH, Partlow JN, Barry BJ, Al-Saffar M, Egan C, Stevens CR, Gabriel SB, Barkovich AJ, Ellison JW, Al-Gazali L, Walsh CA, Chahrour MH. PSMD12 haploinsufficiency in a neurodevelopmental disorder with autistic features. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:736-745. [PMID: 30421579 PMCID: PMC6261799 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Disruption of this pathway gives rise to a host of neurological disorders. Through whole exome sequencing (WES) in families with neurodevelopmental disorders, we identified mutations in PSMD12, a core component of the proteasome, underlying a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability (ID) and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We performed WES on six affected siblings from a multiplex family with ID and autistic features, the affected father, and two unaffected mothers, and a trio from a simplex family with one affected child with ID and periventricular nodular heterotopia. We identified an inherited heterozygous nonsense mutation in PSMD12 (NM_002816: c.367C>T: p.R123X) in the multiplex family and a de novo nonsense mutation in the same gene (NM_002816: c.601C>T: p.R201X) in the simplex family. PSMD12 encodes a non-ATPase regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome. We confirm the association of PSMD12 with ID, present the first cases of inherited PSMD12 mutation, and demonstrate the heterogeneity of phenotypes associated with PSMD12 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Khalil
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Biotechnology and genetic engineering, University of Philadelphia, Amman, Jordan
| | - Connor Kenny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R. Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ganeshwaran H. Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramzi H. Nasir
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chloe Egan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine R. Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey B. Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A. James Barkovich
- Benioff Children’s Hospital, Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jay W. Ellison
- The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria H. Chahrour
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Correspondence to: Maria Chahrour, PhD, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8591, Phone: (214) 648-6523, Fax: (214) 648-1666,
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7
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van der Ven AT, Connaughton DM, Ityel H, Mann N, Nakayama M, Chen J, Vivante A, Hwang DY, Schulz J, Braun DA, Schmidt JM, Schapiro D, Schneider R, Warejko JK, Daga A, Majmundar AJ, Tan W, Jobst-Schwan T, Hermle T, Widmeier E, Ashraf S, Amar A, Hoogstraaten CA, Hugo H, Kitzler TM, Kause F, Kolvenbach CM, Dai R, Spaneas L, Amann K, Stein DR, Baum MA, Somers MJG, Rodig NM, Ferguson MA, Traum AZ, Daouk GH, Bogdanović R, Stajić N, Soliman NA, Kari JA, El Desoky S, Fathy HM, Milosevic D, Al-Saffar M, Awad HS, Eid LA, Selvin A, Senguttuvan P, Sanna-Cherchi S, Rehm HL, MacArthur DG, Lek M, Laricchia KM, Wilson MW, Mane SM, Lifton RP, Lee RS, Bauer SB, Lu W, Reutter HM, Tasic V, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Causative Mutations in Families with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2348-2361. [PMID: 30143558 PMCID: PMC6115658 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most prevalent cause of kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Previous gene panel studies showed monogenic causation in up to 12% of patients with CAKUT. METHODS We applied whole-exome sequencing to analyze the genotypes of individuals from 232 families with CAKUT, evaluating for mutations in single genes known to cause human CAKUT and genes known to cause CAKUT in mice. In consanguineous or multiplex families, we additionally performed a search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT. RESULTS In 29 families (13%), we detected a causative mutation in a known gene for isolated or syndromic CAKUT that sufficiently explained the patient's CAKUT phenotype. In three families (1%), we detected a mutation in a gene reported to cause a phenocopy of CAKUT. In 15 of 155 families with isolated CAKUT, we detected deleterious mutations in syndromic CAKUT genes. Our additional search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT in consanguineous and multiplex families revealed a potential single, novel monogenic CAKUT gene in 19 of 232 families (8%). CONCLUSIONS We identified monogenic mutations in a known human CAKUT gene or CAKUT phenocopy gene as the cause of disease in 14% of the CAKUT families in this study. Whole-exome sequencing provides an etiologic diagnosis in a high fraction of patients with CAKUT and will provide a new basis for the mechanistic understanding of CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie T van der Ven
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dervla M Connaughton
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hadas Ityel
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julian Schulz
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - David Schapiro
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian K Warejko
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankana Daga
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weizhen Tan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte A Hoogstraaten
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Franziska Kause
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie Spaneas
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kassaundra Amann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah R Stein
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A Baum
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J G Somers
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy M Rodig
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avram Z Traum
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ghaleb H Daouk
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Radovan Bogdanović
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Stajić
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Cairo University, Egypt
- Egyptian Group for Orphan Renal Diseases, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Danko Milosevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem S Awad
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center Of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loai A Eid
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center Of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aravind Selvin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabha Senguttuvan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta's Multi-Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Heidi L Rehm
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael W Wilson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shrikant M Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart B Bauer
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heiko M Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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8
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Doan RN, Bae BI, Cubelos B, Chang C, Hossain AA, Al-Saad S, Mukaddes NM, Oner O, Al-Saffar M, Balkhy S, Gascon GG, Nieto M, Walsh CA. Mutations in Human Accelerated Regions Disrupt Cognition and Social Behavior. Cell 2016; 167:341-354.e12. [PMID: 27667684 PMCID: PMC5063026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyses have identified genomic regions potentially involved in human evolution but do not directly assess function. Human accelerated regions (HARs) represent conserved genomic loci with elevated divergence in humans. If some HARs regulate human-specific social and behavioral traits, then mutations would likely impact cognitive and social disorders. Strikingly, rare biallelic point mutations-identified by whole-genome and targeted "HAR-ome" sequencing-showed a significant excess in individuals with ASD whose parents share common ancestry compared to familial controls, suggesting a contribution in 5% of consanguineous ASD cases. Using chromatin interaction sequencing, massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA), and transgenic mice, we identified disease-linked, biallelic HAR mutations in active enhancers for CUX1, PTBP2, GPC4, CDKL5, and other genes implicated in neural function, ASD, or both. Our data provide genetic evidence that specific HARs are essential for normal development, consistent with suggestions that their evolutionary changes may have altered social and/or cognitive behavior. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Doan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Byoung-Il Bae
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, UAM-CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cindy Chang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amer A Hossain
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nahit M Mukaddes
- Istanbul Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34365 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Oner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, 34353 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soher Balkhy
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Generoso G Gascon
- Department of Neurology (Pediatric Neurology), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Nakayama T, Al-Maawali A, El-Quessny M, Rajab A, Khalil S, Stoler JM, Tan WH, Nasir R, Schmitz-Abe K, Hill RS, Partlow JN, Al-Saffar M, Servattalab S, LaCoursiere CM, Tambunan DE, Coulter ME, Elhosary PC, Gorski G, Barkovich AJ, Markianos K, Poduri A, Mochida GH. Mutations in PYCR2, Encoding Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 2, Cause Microcephaly and Hypomyelination. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:709-19. [PMID: 25865492 PMCID: PMC4570282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding the genetic bases of microcephaly, a large number of cases of microcephaly remain unexplained, suggesting that many microcephaly syndromes and associated genes have yet to be identified. Here, we report mutations in PYCR2, which encodes an enzyme in the proline biosynthesis pathway, as the cause of a unique syndrome characterized by postnatal microcephaly, hypomyelination, and reduced cerebral white-matter volume. Linkage mapping and whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous mutations (c.355C>T [p.Arg119Cys] and c.751C>T [p.Arg251Cys]) in PYCR2 in the affected individuals of two consanguineous families. A lymphoblastoid cell line from one affected individual showed a strong reduction in the amount of PYCR2. When mutant cDNAs were transfected into HEK293FT cells, both variant proteins retained normal mitochondrial localization but had lower amounts than the wild-type protein, suggesting that the variant proteins were less stable. A PYCR2-deficient HEK293FT cell line generated by genome editing with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system showed that PYCR2 loss of function led to decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased susceptibility to apoptosis under oxidative stress. Morpholino-based knockdown of a zebrafish PYCR2 ortholog, pycr1b, recapitulated the human microcephaly phenotype, which was rescued by wild-type human PYCR2 mRNA, but not by mutant mRNAs, further supporting the pathogenicity of the identified variants. Hypomyelination and the absence of lax, wrinkly skin distinguishes this condition from that caused by previously reported mutations in the gene encoding PYCR2's isozyme, PYCR1, suggesting a unique and indispensable role for PYCR2 in the human CNS during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tojo Nakayama
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Malak El-Quessny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Rajab
- National Genetics Center, Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat 113, Oman
| | - Samir Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Jerusalem 91220; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 90612
| | - Joan M Stoler
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramzi Nasir
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Servattalab
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dimira E Tambunan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael E Coulter
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Princess C Elhosary
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grzegorz Gorski
- Cellular Neuroscience Core, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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10
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Reiff RE, Ali BR, Baron B, Yu TW, Ben-Salem S, Coulter ME, Schubert CR, Hill RS, Akawi NA, Al-Younes B, Kaya N, Evrony GD, Al-Saffar M, Felie JM, Partlow JN, Sunu CM, Schembri-Wismayer P, Alkuraya FS, Meyer BF, Walsh CA, Al-Gazali L, Mochida GH. METTL23, a transcriptional partner of GABPA, is essential for human cognition. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3456-66. [PMID: 24501276 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas many genes associated with intellectual disability (ID) encode synaptic proteins, transcriptional defects leading to ID are less well understood. We studied a large, consanguineous pedigree of Arab origin with seven members affected with ID and mild dysmorphic features. Homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis identified a candidate region on chromosome 17 with a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds score of 6.01. Targeted high-throughput sequencing of the exons in the candidate region identified a homozygous 4-bp deletion (c.169_172delCACT) in the METTL23 (methyltransferase like 23) gene, which is predicted to result in a frameshift and premature truncation (p.His57Valfs*11). Overexpressed METTL23 protein localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm, and physically interacted with GABPA (GA-binding protein transcription factor, alpha subunit). GABP, of which GABPA is a component, is known to regulate the expression of genes such as THPO (thrombopoietin) and ATP5B (ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide) and is implicated in a wide variety of important cellular functions. Overexpression of METTL23 resulted in increased transcriptional activity at the THPO promoter, whereas knockdown of METTL23 with siRNA resulted in decreased expression of ATP5B, thus revealing the importance of METTL23 as a regulator of GABPA function. The METTL23 mutation highlights a new transcriptional pathway underlying human intellectual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Reiff
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Salma Ben-Salem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Michael E Coulter
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christian R Schubert
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pediatrics Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nadia A Akawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Banan Al-Younes
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gilad D Evrony
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jillian M Felie
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine M Sunu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pierre Schembri-Wismayer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pediatrics Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Hills LB, Masri A, Konno K, Kakegawa W, Lam ATN, Lim-Melia E, Chandy N, Hill RS, Partlow JN, Al-Saffar M, Nasir R, Stoler JM, Barkovich AJ, Watanabe M, Yuzaki M, Mochida GH. Deletions in GRID2 lead to a recessive syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and tonic upgaze in humans. Neurology 2013; 81:1378-86. [PMID: 24078737 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a841a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic cause of a syndrome causing cerebellar ataxia and eye movement abnormalities. METHODS We identified 2 families with cerebellar ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, and global developmental delay. We performed genetic analyses including single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, linkage analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization, quantitative PCR, and Sanger sequencing. We obtained eye movement recordings of mutant mice deficient for the ortholog of the identified candidate gene, and performed immunohistochemistry using human and mouse brain specimens. RESULTS All affected individuals had ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, most notably tonic upgaze, and delayed speech and cognitive development. Homozygosity mapping identified the disease locus on chromosome 4q. Within this region, a homozygous deletion of GRID2 exon 4 in the index family and compound heterozygous deletions involving GRID2 exon 2 in the second family were identified. Grid2-deficient mice showed larger spontaneous and random eye movements compared to wild-type mice. In developing mouse and human cerebella, GRID2 localized to the Purkinje cell dendritic spines. Brain MRI in 2 affected children showed progressive cerebellar atrophy, which was more severe than that of Grid2-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic deletions of GRID2 lead to a syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and tonic upgaze in humans. The phenotypic resemblance and similarity in protein expression pattern between humans and mice suggest a conserved role for GRID2 in the synapse organization between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells. However, the progressive and severe cerebellar atrophy seen in the affected individuals could indicate an evolutionarily unique role for GRID2 in the human cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benjamin Hills
- From the Division of Genetics (L.B.H., A.-T.N.L., R.S.H., J.N.P., M.A.-S., J.M.S., G.H.M.) and Division of Developmental Medicine (R.N.), Department of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.N.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Child Neurology (A.M.), Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan; Department of Anatomy (K.K., M.W.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Physiology (W.K., M.Y.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.-M., N.C.), New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY; Department of Pediatrics (M.A.-S.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pediatrics (R.N., J.M.S., G.H.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.M.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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12
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Yu T, Chahrour M, Coulter M, Jiralerspong S, Okamura-Ikeda K, Ataman B, Schmitz-Abe K, Harmin D, Adli M, Malik A, D’Gama A, Lim E, Sanders S, Mochida G, Partlow J, Sunu C, Felie J, Rodriguez J, Nasir R, Ware J, Joseph R, Hill R, Kwan B, Al-Saffar M, Mukaddes N, Hashmi A, Balkhy S, Gascon G, Hisama F, LeClair E, Poduri A, Oner O, Al-Saad S, Al-Awadi S, Bastaki L, Ben-Omran T, Teebi A, Al-Gazali L, Eapen V, Stevens C, Rappaport L, Gabriel S, Markianos K, State M, Greenberg M, Taniguchi H, Braverman N, Morrow E, Walsh C. Using whole-exome sequencing to identify inherited causes of autism. Neuron 2013; 77:259-73. [PMID: 23352163 PMCID: PMC3694430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant heritability of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), their extreme genetic heterogeneity has proven challenging for gene discovery. Studies of primarily simplex families have implicated de novo copy number changes and point mutations, but are not optimally designed to identify inherited risk alleles. We apply whole-exome sequencing (WES) to ASD families enriched for inherited causes due to consanguinity and find familial ASD associated with biallelic mutations in disease genes (AMT, PEX7, SYNE1, VPS13B, PAH, and POMGNT1). At least some of these genes show biallelic mutations in nonconsanguineous families as well. These mutations are often only partially disabling or present atypically, with patients lacking diagnostic features of the Mendelian disorders with which these genes are classically associated. Our study shows the utility of WES for identifying specific genetic conditions not clinically suspected and the importance of partial loss of gene function in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.W. Yu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - M.H. Chahrour
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - M.E. Coulter
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - S. Jiralerspong
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H1P3
| | - K. Okamura-Ikeda
- Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - B. Ataman
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - K. Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - D.A. Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - M. Adli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, 22908
| | - A.N. Malik
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - A.M. D’Gama
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - E.T. Lim
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - S.J. Sanders
- Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06510
| | - G.H. Mochida
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
| | - J.N. Partlow
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - C.M. Sunu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - J.M. Felie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - J. Rodriguez
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - R.H. Nasir
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - J. Ware
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - R.M. Joseph
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02118
| | - R.S. Hill
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - B.Y. Kwan
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - M. Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - N.M. Mukaddes
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Hashmi
- Armed Forces Hospital, King Abdulaziz Naval Base, Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Balkhy
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - G.G. Gascon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02114
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Clinical Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
| | - F.M. Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 98195
| | - E. LeClair
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - A. Poduri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,02115
| | - O. Oner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr Sami Ulus Childrens’ Hospital, Telsizler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S. Al-Saad
- Kuwait Center for Autism, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - L. Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - T. Ben-Omran
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetic Medicine, Weil-Cornell Medical College, New York and Doha, Qatar
| | - A. Teebi
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetic Medicine, Weil-Cornell Medical College, New York and Doha, Qatar
| | - L. Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - V. Eapen
- Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South West Sydney (AUCS), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C.R. Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02142
| | - L. Rappaport
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - S.B. Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02142
| | - K. Markianos
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - M.W. State
- Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06510
| | - M.E. Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - H. Taniguchi
- Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - N.E. Braverman
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H1P3
| | - E.M. Morrow
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
| | - C.A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- The Autism Consortium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
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13
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Ben-Omran T, Ali R, Almureikhi M, Alameer S, Al-Saffar M, Walsh CA, Felie JM, Teebi A. Phenotypic heterogeneity in Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome: two new families with a mutation in the C2orf37 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2647-53. [PMID: 21964978 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, mental retardation, and extrapyramidal syndrome [also known as Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS)] is a rare autosomal recessive neuroendocrine and ectodermal disorder. The syndrome was first described by Woodhouse and Sakati in 1983, and 47 patients from 23 families have been reported so far. We report on an additional seven patients (four males and three females) from two highly consanguineous Arab families from Qatar, presenting with a milder phenotype of WSS. These patients show the spectrum of clinical features previously found in WSS, but lack evidence of diabetes mellitus and extrapyramidal symptoms. These two new families further illustrate the natural course and the interfamilial phenotypic variability of WSS that may lead to challenges in making the diagnosis. In addition, our study suggests that WSS may not be as infrequent in the Arab world as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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14
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Mochida GH, Ganesh VS, Felie JM, Gleason D, Hill RS, Clapham KR, Rakiec D, Tan WH, Akawi N, Al-Saffar M, Partlow JN, Tinschert S, Barkovich AJ, Ali B, Al-Gazali L, Walsh CA. A homozygous mutation in the tight-junction protein JAM3 causes hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:882-9. [PMID: 21109224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight junction, or zonula occludens, is a specialized cell-cell junction that regulates epithelial and endothelial permeability, and it is an essential component of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrovascular endothelium. In addition to functioning as a diffusion barrier, tight junctions are also involved in signal transduction. In this study, we identified a homozygous mutation in the tight-junction protein gene JAM3 in a large consanguineous family from the United Arab Emirates. Some members of this family had a rare autosomal-recessive syndrome characterized by severe hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts. Their clinical presentation overlaps with some reported cases of pseudo-TORCH syndrome as well as with cases involving mutations in occludin, another component of the tight-junction complex. However, massive intracranial hemorrhage distinguishes these patients from others. Homozygosity mapping identified the disease locus in this family on chromosome 11q25 with a maximum multipoint LOD score of 6.15. Sequence analysis of genes in the candidate interval uncovered a mutation in the canonical splice-donor site of intron 5 of JAM3. RT-PCR analysis of a patient lymphoblast cell line confirmed abnormal splicing, leading to a frameshift mutation with early termination. JAM3 is known to be present in vascular endothelium, although its roles in cerebral vasculature have not been implicated. Our results suggest that JAM3 is essential for maintaining the integrity of the cerebrovascular endothelium as well as for normal lens development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Al-Saffar M, Foulkes WD. Hereditary ovarian cancer resulting from a non-ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) BRCA2 mutation: is the OCCR useful clinically? J Med Genet 2002; 39:e68. [PMID: 12414830 PMCID: PMC1735010 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.11.e68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Abstract
At least 25% of Ashkenazi Jewish families with two or more cases of premenopausal breast cancers are attributable to one of three founder mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. As these three founder mutations are common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population ( approximately 2.5%) and can easily be tested for in a multiplex assay, establishing ethnicity can expedite genetic testing. It is not always possible, however, to conclusively establish ethnicity before offering testing. We report here the occurrence of a founder Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1 mutation, 185delAG (also known as 187delAG), in a non-Jewish Chilean family with no reported Jewish ancestry. The linked haplotype present in this family was identical to that identified in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. This case report not only illustrates the problem of the definition of ethnicity but also points to the possibility of further studies of the frequency of founder Ashkenazi Jewish mutations in populations not generally considered to be of Ashkenazi Jewish origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ah Mew
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Abstract
We present the case of a 7-month-old girl with the karyotype 46,XX, der(13) t(2;13)(p23;p11.2).ish der(13)(wcp2+) de novo. Painting confirmed that the additional segment on 13p was of chromosome 2 origin, resulting in trisomy 2p23 -->2pter. The child had a prominent forehead with a flat hemangioma, depressed nasal bridge, protruding tongue, posteriorly angulated ears, esotropia with poor abduction of the right eye, bilateral severe myopia (-5.5 D), retinal hypopigmentation, foveal hypoplasia, and striking left optic nerve hypoplasia. She also had pectus excavatum, a protruding abdomen with diastasis recti, generalized hypotonia, delayed fine and gross motor development, grade II reflux on the left side, and grade III-IV reflux on the right side. An EEG showed epileptiform discharges. Computed tomographic scan of the brain showed decreased white matter, but magnetic resonance imaging showed normal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Saffar
- F. Clarke Fraser Clinical Genetics Unit, Division of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Richens ER, Shaltout A, Bahr GM, Abdella N, Jayyab AK, Al-Saffar M, Behbehani K. Insulin binding substances, autoimmunity and type I diabetes in Kuwaiti patients and their kindred. Acta Diabetol Lat 1989; 26:115-22. [PMID: 2789462 DOI: 10.1007/bf02581363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) are associated with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) and have been suggested as predictive markers of the disease. Using an ELISA assay, we have studied the prevalence of binding to human insulin in sera from an Arab type I DM population and compared it with the prevalence in the family members (FMs) of the probands, in type II DM patients from the same population, and in Arab control subjects. Significant levels of binding occurred in 11/16 (69%) of type I DM patients and in 21/34 (62%) of their FMs, but in only 5/31 (16%) of type II DM patients and in 1/25 (4%) of control subjects. Within families, there was homogeneity with regard to the level of insulin binding and the mean family levels correlated with those of the proband (r = 0.68, df = 7, p = 0.05). HLA-DR3 or -DR4 antigens occurred in 55/63 (87%) of type I DM patients and in 95/118 (81%) of their FMs. This was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in either type II DM patients (39/75, 52%) or in control subjects (34/93, 37%). ICAs were present in significantly more (25/43, 58%) of type I DM patients than their FMs (3/82, 3%) (p less than 0.001). They did not occur in either type II DM patients or in the control group. In conclusion, insulin binding occurred in sera from both type I diabetic patients and their kindred, and hence did not appear to be specifically associated with the development of clinical diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Richens
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait
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Behbehani K, Richens ER, Abdella N, Jayyab AK, Shaltout A, Al-Saffar M, Siboo R. HLA associations in an Arab type 1 diabetic population. Dis Markers 1987; 5:165-9. [PMID: 3502987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have studied HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigen frequencies in 63 Type 1 diabetic Arab patients resident in Kuwait. Both HLA-DR3 (relative risk (RR) = 5.80) and -DR4 (RR = 2.87) showed positive associations with Type I diabetes mellitus in these patients whilst -DR2 (RR 0.16) and -DR5 (RR = 0.15) were negatively associated. The strong positive association with both HLA-DR3 and -DR4 was confirmed in Non-Gulf Arabs (RR = 12.55 and 4.29, respectively) whereas the Gulf Arabs had a significant positive association with HLA-DR3 (RR = 4.41) only. The disease was negatively associated with HLA-DR2 (RR = 0.05) in Gulf Arab patients only and with HLA-DR5 (RR = 0.10) in Non-Gulf Arabs only. HLA-DRw52 and -DRw53 were increased in Non-Gulf Arabs only (RR = 3.14 and 4.63, respectively). In both groups there was strong association with HLA-DQ3 (Gulf, RR = 28.11; Non-Gulf, RR = 6.25). Amongst HLA-A, -B, and -C loci, there was a positive association with HLA-B8 (RR = 19.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Behbehani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait
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Abstract
We have studied the HLA associations of MS patients in Arab patients from two regions. Those patients from the Mediterranean area showed an association of MS with HLA-DR2 (p less than 0.001) and -DQw1 (p less than 0.05), whilst in those from the Gulf there was an association with -DRw53 (p less than 0.02). In the Mediterranean patients -DRw52 was negatively associated with MS (p less than 0.05). In the control populations from the two regions there was a considerable variation in the incidence of HLA antigens. Thus, Gulf Arabs had an increased incidence of -DR1 (p less than 0.05), -DR2 (p less than 0.02), -DR6 (p less than 0.05) and decreased incidence of -DR5 (p less than 0.05), -DRw52 (p less than 0.02) and -DQw3 (p less than 0.01) compared to the Mediterranean control population. These findings are discussed in relation to the aetiology of the disease.
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