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The promise of AI Large Language Models for Epilepsy care. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109747. [PMID: 38518673 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been supporting our digital life for decades, but public interest in this has exploded with the recognition of large language models, such as GPT-4. We examine and evaluate the potential uses for generative AI technologies in epilepsy and neurological services. Generative AI could not only improve patient care and safety by refining communication and removing certain barriers to healthcare but may also extend to streamlining a doctor's practice through strategies such as automating paperwork. Challenges with the integration of generative AI in epilepsy services are also explored and include the risk of producing inaccurate and biased information. The impact generative AI could have on the provision of healthcare, both positive and negative, should be understood and considered carefully when deciding on the steps that need to be taken before AI is ready for use in hospitals and epilepsy services.
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Urinary sediment microscopy in patients with end-$$$stage liver disease with acute kidney injury as a diagnostic tool. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Strategic response to COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Public Health Action 2022; 12:191-194. [PMID: 36561907 PMCID: PMC9716818 DOI: 10.5588/pha.22.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, the novel coronavirus, has posed a major threat to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to inadequate health infrastructure and human resources. Ethiopia, a low-income country with the second largest population in Africa, has coordinated a strategic response, leveraging existing infrastructure and health systems and mobilizing public health professionals and specialist expert physicians for a multifaceted, unified government approach and adaptive response. Resource limitations, particularly in critical care, have still posed challenges, but the public health and clinical interventions thus far have prevented the catastrophic toll that many predicted. As the pandemic continues, Ethiopia expects to use a triple care model integrated at all levels, consisting of COVID-19 care, isolation care for suspected cases, and essential health services, and urges intensified non-pharmaceutical interventions alongside equitable global vaccine distribution as the ultimate answers to pandemic control. This paper draws on existing data, national planning and guidelines, and expertise from health leadership to describe this response in hopes of providing an example of how future large-scale health challenges might be faced in LMICs, using Ethiopia's successes and challenges in facing the pandemic.
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Reduced pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:7363-7368. [PMID: 34919236 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is one of the main devastating causes of mortality and morbidity due to its detrimental complications. We aimed to evaluate the pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength in relationship with glycemic control and gender in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed at King Saud University and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from June 2107 to June 2019. We evaluated pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle strength, body composition and glycemic control in T2DM (n=110) and control group (n=119). Gender differences were also evaluated in T2DM. RESULTS Subjects with T2DM have significantly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) (3.6±0.7 vs 3.3±0.9, p = 0.012), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) (3.3±2.2 vs 2.7±0.6, p = 0.019), peak expiratory flow (PEF) (127.4±210.9 vs. 49.2±133.6, p = 0.003), FEF25-75 (3.6±1.3 vs. 3.1±1.1, p-value = 0.025), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (99.3±26.9 vs. 87.4±19.3, p=0.001). However, no significant difference between control and diabetes was found in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (132.5±34.9 vs 126.2±30.0, p = 0.202). Significant reduction in FVC (male=3.7±0.8 vs female = 3.0±0.7 p = 0.000), FEV1 (3.3±1.9 vs 2.6±0.5 p = 0.000), FEF25-75 (3.6 ± 1.3 vs 2.9 ± 1.0 with p-value = 0.000), MIP (96.9±23.1 vs 87.5±27.1 with p = 0.017), and MEP (134.0±32.2 vs. 120.1±33.5 with p = .011) were observed in females compared to males in T2DM subjects. CONCLUSIONS Decline in the pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength are associated with poor glycemic control in T2DM. Moreover, there are significant differences between male and female in lung parameters and inspiratory as well as expiratory muscles strength. The exact pathophysiological mechanism to explain this association requires further investigations.
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Recent innovations for scaling up microbial fuel cell systems: Significance of physicochemical factors for electrodes and membranes materials. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Estimating treatment effect of tafamidis on hospitalisation in NYHA class III ATTR-CM patients in the presence of death using principal stratification. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hospitalisation has been widely used as a measure of morbidity in clinical trials for chronic heart failure. As previously reported in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR-ACT), the observed frequency of cardiovascular (CV)-related hospitalisations favoured tafamidis over placebo in all analyses except in the NYHA Class III baseline subgroup with a relative risk of 1.41 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.90]1. However, the evaluation of the causal effect of treatment on hospitalisation is complicated in the presence of death as death precludes further hospitalisation and thus limits the evaluation of hospitalisation rates between groups. This confounding effect of death is particularly relevant in NYHA Class III participants who had higher mortality rates compared to Class I or II participants.
Purpose
This aim of this study was to assess the impact of the confounding effect of death on CV-related hospitalisation.
Methods
The effect of tafamidis treatment on CV-related hospitalisations was defined and compared in the subset of participants from either treatment arm who were alive at the end of the study (ie, Month 30); however the subset of participants who survive on the tafamidis arm would be expected to have different characteristics from the subset of participants who survive on the control arm and thus these analyses do not estimate the causal effect.
To address this possible survivor bias, we additionally conducted a post hoc principal stratification analysis. Principal stratification is a statistical method to adjust for post treatment events, in this case mortality, by classifying participants according to their potential to survive under each treatment arm. Specifically, we sought to estimate the principal strata effect on CV-related hospitalisations in NYHA Class III participants who would survive irrespective of treatment assignment. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the model assumptions.
Results
The analysis within the subset of participants who survived at Month 30 demonstrated a relative risk of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.56, 2.16) between tafamidis and placebo. The principal stratification analyses of subjects who would survive to 30 months irrespective of treatment estimated a 0.75 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.23) relative risk between tafamidis and placebo, suggesting a 25% reduction in frequency of CV-related hospitalisations in the tafamidis arm.
Conclusion
The initial data reported in ATTR-ACT likely underestimated the true effect of tafamidis on CV-related hospitalisations due to the confounding effect of death. The analysis of treatment group among observed survivors estimated a smaller relative risk for NYHA Class III; however, this analysis does not fully address the possible survivor bias. The survivor average causal effect, which adjusts for the survival bias demonstrated a reduction in the frequency of CV-related hospitalisation in the tafamidis treated arm for NYHA Class III participants.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Pfizer
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European stakeholder perspectives on challenges to rare disease drug development – a qualitative study. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2021.1953469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Full exome sequencing of 11 families with Hidradenitis suppurativa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1203-1211. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The bedrock of clinical medicine is effective communication. A generation ago, this was primarily the clinical consultation, the letter to the general practitioner, and the occasional scientific paper. In 2019, the avenues and opportunities for communication have exploded and include a pantheon of new and social media. We review the current state of how doctors use social media, and what can be gained by doing so. We provide strategies about how best to utilize these tools, depending on what you wish to gain. We discuss why every clinician needs a 'social media strategy' even if this is one of increasing your privacy levels and removing incorrect information from the web. We discuss the risks and harms of these newer forms of communication and how best to avoid embarrassment or censure. Social media fills an information vacuum, and in many ways, patients have embraced the opportunities with greater enthusiasm than have clinicians. To 'speak their language', we need to know how best to engage in social media.
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Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:875-882. [PMID: 32593341 PMCID: PMC7316461 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding potential neurological complications of COVID-19 are being increasingly reported, primarily in small series. Larger studies have been limited by both geography and specialty. Comprehensive characterisation of clinical syndromes is crucial to allow rational selection and evaluation of potential therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the breadth of complications of COVID-19 across the UK that affected the brain. METHODS During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. Broad clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19 were classified as a cerebrovascular event (defined as an acute ischaemic, haemorrhagic, or thrombotic vascular event involving the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space), altered mental status (defined as an acute alteration in personality, behaviour, cognition, or consciousness), peripheral neurology (defined as involving nerve roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or muscle), or other (with free text boxes for those not meeting these syndromic presentations). Physicians were encouraged to report cases prospectively and we permitted recent cases to be notified retrospectively when assigned a confirmed date of admission or initial clinical assessment, allowing identification of cases that occurred before notification portals were available. Data collected were compared with the geographical, demographic, and temporal presentation of overall cases of COVID-19 as reported by UK Government public health bodies. FINDINGS The ABN portal was launched on April 2, 2020, the BASP portal on April 3, 2020, and the RCPsych portal on April 21, 2020. Data lock for this report was on April 26, 2020. During this period, the platforms received notification of 153 unique cases that met the clinical case definitions by clinicians in the UK, with an exponential growth in reported cases that was similar to overall COVID-19 data from UK Government public health bodies. Median patient age was 71 years (range 23-94; IQR 58-79). Complete clinical datasets were available for 125 (82%) of 153 patients. 77 (62%) of 125 patients presented with a cerebrovascular event, of whom 57 (74%) had an ischaemic stroke, nine (12%) an intracerebral haemorrhage, and one (1%) CNS vasculitis. 39 (31%) of 125 patients presented with altered mental status, comprising nine (23%) patients with unspecified encephalopathy and seven (18%) patients with encephalitis. The remaining 23 (59%) patients with altered mental status fulfilled the clinical case definitions for psychiatric diagnoses as classified by the notifying psychiatrist or neuropsychiatrist, and 21 (92%) of these were new diagnoses. Ten (43%) of 23 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders had new-onset psychosis, six (26%) had a neurocognitive (dementia-like) syndrome, and four (17%) had an affective disorder. 18 (49%) of 37 patients with altered mental status were younger than 60 years and 19 (51%) were older than 60 years, whereas 13 (18%) of 74 patients with cerebrovascular events were younger than 60 years versus 61 (82%) patients older than 60 years. INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide, cross-specialty surveillance study of acute neurological and psychiatric complications of COVID-19. Altered mental status was the second most common presentation, comprising encephalopathy or encephalitis and primary psychiatric diagnoses, often occurring in younger patients. This study provides valuable and timely data that are urgently needed by clinicians, researchers, and funders to inform immediate steps in COVID-19 neuroscience research and health policy. FUNDING None.
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Abstract
Metalenses, ultra-thin optical elements that focus light using subwavelength structures, have been the subject of a number of recent investigations. Compared to their refractive counterparts, metalenses offer reduced size and weight, and new functionality such as polarization control. However, metalenses that correct chromatic aberration also suffer from markedly reduced focusing efficiency. Here we introduce a Hybrid Achromatic Metalens (HAML) that overcomes this trade-off and offers improved focusing efficiency over a broad wavelength range from 1000–1800 nm. HAMLs can be designed by combining recursive ray-tracing and simulated phase libraries rather than computationally intensive global search algorithms. Moreover, HAMLs can be fabricated in low-refractive index materials using multi-photon lithography for customization or using molding for mass production. HAMLs demonstrated diffraction limited performance for numerical apertures of 0.27, 0.11, and 0.06, with average focusing efficiencies greater than 60% and maximum efficiencies up to 80%. A more complex design, the air-spaced HAML, introduces a gap between elements to enable even larger diameters and numerical apertures. Metalenses that correct chromatic aberration also suffer from reduced focusing efficiency. Here, the authors introduce a Hybrid Achromatic Metalens which merges a metalens and phase plate to offer improved focusing efficiency over a broad wavelength range and diffraction limited imaging performance.
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Self-driving cars: a qualitative study into the opportunities, challenges and perceived acceptability for people with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:781-782. [PMID: 32217785 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Long non-coding RNA PART1 contributes to cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance in triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz095.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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An in vivo genome-wide RNAi screen identifies novel mediators of paclitaxel response in breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz095.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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5000Incidence and current management of left ventricular assist device thrombus. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P2669Application and validation of CAAP-AF score to predict ablation outcome in cryoballoon ablation dataset. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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A facile one-pot synthesis of (Z)-α-chloro-α,β-unsaturated esters from alcohols. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Prevalence of Egyptian Childhood Depression Among Middle School Students. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Early mid-term results of the first 103 cases of multilayer flow modulator stent done under indication for use in the management of thoracoabdominal aortic pathology from the independent global MFM registry. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2014; 55:21-32. [PMID: 24356043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We report mid-term results from the Global Independent multilayer flow modulator (MFM) registry using a uni-modular multilayer flow modulator stent technology. METHODS We present the first 103 cases out of the 380 cases implanted in Europe under indications for use. All were done on a compassionate basis, in 12 countries, and were fully analyzed through the MFM registry. Primary endpoints were: one-year freedom from rupture and aneurysm-related death, one year all cause mortality, patency of visceral branches at one year, and one year incidence of stroke and paraplegia. Primary technical endpoints were aneurysm sac volume modulation at one year. Secondary technical endpoints were technical success and one-year freedom from reintervention. Mean age of 69.2 years (16-93 years), mean aneurysm diameter was 6.4±1.66 cm and mean length was 12.96 cm. They were 75 Crawford thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) (11 Type I, 14 Type II, 26 Type III, and 24 Type IV), 7 arch aneurysms, 15 suprarenal aortic aneurysms and 6 type B dissections. The mean number of side branches covered for a total number of 378 branches is 3.7 side branches per case. Total numbers of stents used was 176 with a mean of 1.71 MFM stents per case; 77.77 were ASA IV E, 72.7% had previous thoracic endovascular aortic repair or open TAAA repair. RESULTS Thirty-day morbidity was 5.4% with zero mortality. Aneurysm related survival was 91.7% at one year. No rupture occurred. Four cases of consumptive coagulopathy were observed, two of which resulted in death from hemorrhagic cerebrovascular stroke and one of which resulted in death from a gastrointestinal bleed. Technical success was 97.3%. One-year all-cause survival was 86.8%. At 12 months 95.1% of all visceral branches were patent. There were no stent fractures. One-year intervention free survival was 89.4%. At six months the mean rate of sac volume increase was 0.57%% per month, resulting in a mean volume increase of 2.56%. At 12 months the rate of increase had slowed to 0.33% per month, resulting in a total average increase in sac volume of 5.07%. Mean base line thrombus volume was 297.54 cm3. At one year the mean thrombus volume was 361.38 cm3 with mean volume change of 63.45 cm3. However, mean base line total volume was 332.79 cm3. At one year the mean total volume was 355.4 cm3 with a mean total volume change of 22.61 cm3. The mean base line maximum diameter was 6.27 cm. At one year mean maximum diameter was 7.06 cm with mean total change of 0.79 cm3. The mean baseline residual flow volume was 71.75 cm3. At one year, mean residual flow volume had decreased to 63.3cm3 with mean volume change of 8.4 cm3. CONCLUSION Increasing sac volume, thrombus or diameter size was not associated with rupture. MFM implantation instigates a process of aortic remodeling involving initial thrombus deposition, which slows between six and twelve months. This Global MFM Registry data has demonstrated the proof of concept of this disruptive technology.
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Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this article is to study the outcome of management of 62 consecutive cases of Fournier’s gangrene (FG). Patients and methods: We conducted an observational study of all cases of FG admitted to the Urology and General Surgery departments of Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait, between 2004 and 2013. We recorded the laboratory and clinical findings on admission. Operative and postoperative data were also recorded. Results: Our study included 62 cases of FG. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (survival) consisted of 55 cases and Group B (mortality) of seven cases. The mean duration of symptoms before admission was significantly longer in the mortality group (3.86 days versus 1.96 days in survival group) ( p < 0.05). The mean duration of symptoms until time of first debridement was also significantly longer in the mortality group (4.39 days versus 2.35 days in survival group) ( p < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the percentage of the affected area in relation to total body surface area (4.6% in Group A versus 8% in Group B) ( p < 0.05). The Fournier Gangrene Severity Index score (FGSI) was significantly higher in Group B (10.26) in comparison to Group A (6) ( p < 0.01). The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly higher in the survival group (22.24 days versus 14.28 days) ( p < 0.01). Diabetes and renal failure were significantly higher in the mortality group (100% and 57.1% in Group B versus 54.5% and 9.1% in Group A, respectively) ( p < 0.05). The number of patients presenting with severe sepsis was higher in the mortality group (71.4% in Group B versus 12.7% in Group A) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that FG is a serious, potentially fatal disease. Higher mortality is related to severe sepsis on admission, renal failure, diabetes, extensive disease involving extra-genital areas and late presentation. A multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and management of the disease can achieve good outcome with low mortality rate.
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INHERITANCE OF GRAIN YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN RICE UNDER WATER DEFICIENCY CONDITIONS. JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION 2014; 5:41-52. [DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2014.53331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects mouse liver from apoptotic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2013; 18:547-55. [PMID: 23435964 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction of liver allografts. Cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP)-dependent induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has been shown to protect the liver from I/R injury. This study analyzes the apoptotic mechanisms of HO-1-mediated cytoprotection in mouse liver exposed to I/R injury. HO-1 induction was achieved by the administration of CoPP (1.5 mg/kg body weight i.p.). Mice were studied in in vivo model of hepatic segmental (70 %) ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion injury. Mice were randomly allocated to four main experimental groups (n = 10 each): (1) A control group undergoing sham operation. (2) Similar to group 1 but with the administration of CoPP 72 h before the operation. (3) Mice undergoing in vivo hepatic I/R. (4) Similar to group 3 but with the administration of CoPP 72 h before ischemia induction. When compared with the I/R mice group, in the I/R+CoPP mice group, the increased hepatic expression of HO-1 was associated with a significant reduction in liver enzyme levels, fewer apoptotic hepatocytes cells were identified by morphological criteria and by immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, there was a decreased mean number of proliferating cells (positively stained for Ki67), and a reduced hepatic expression of: C/EBP homologous protein (an index of endoplasmic reticulum stress), the NF-κB's regulated genes (CIAP2, MCP-1 and IL-6), and increased hepatic expression of IκBa (the inhibitory protein of NF-κB). HO-1 over-expression plays a pivotal role in reducing the hepatic apoptotic IR injury. HO-1 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic I/R injury during liver transplantation.
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Abstracts. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Interaction of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride with Deoxyribonucleic Acid Measured by Fluorescence Quenching. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:224-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Eosinophilic annular erythema is a peculiar subtype in the spectrum of Wells syndrome: a multicentre long-term follow-up study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:973-9. [PMID: 22731886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Eosinophilic annular erythema (EAE) was proposed to describe annular skin lesions associated with tissue eosinophilia, however, its relation to Well's syndrome (WS) remains a source of controversy. We studied a series of patients to increase awareness of this entity and to clarify its relation to WS. METHODS A multicentre study in which the clinical records, histological findings, laboratory results, therapeutic responses and follow-up of 10 patients were demonstrated. RESULTS The study included seven women and three men with age ranging from 31 to 54 years. The duration of the disease ranged from 3 to 28 months. All patients showed involvement of trunk and extremities. Early lesions were manifested as erythematous plaques, which progressed to well-developed figurate lesions and ended as large annular lesions with pigmented centre and elevated border. Flame figures were only observed in well-developed and long-standing lesions. Blood eosinophilia was found in all patients with different grades. Associated disorders included chronic gastritis, diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis-C virus infection and chronic kidney disease. The disease showed chronic course with high relapse rate and resistance to various therapeutic modalities including systemic steroid alone and in combination with hydroxychloroquine and cyclosporine. CONCLUSION We believe that EAE is a peculiar clinical variant in the spectrum of WS, which is characterized by a chronic course, resistance to treatment and high relapse rate. The diagnosis and evaluation of this condition need a close monitoring with repeated clinical, histological and laboratory assessment.
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An investigation of environmental impact of aerial metal deposition around the petrol filling stations and applying remedial measures to reduce the elevated level of lead metal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.15228/2011.v01.i03.p02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for free flaps using planar optical oxygen sensors. Preliminary results. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2011; 48:75-9. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-2011-1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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ESTIMATION COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN RICE UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITION. JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION 2010; 1:547-564. [DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2010.86377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Neutron transmutation doping conceptual design. KERNTECHNIK 2010. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper describes and investigates upgrading of the silicon doping facility at the ETRR-2 research reactor to accommodate larger size silicon ingots in the two positions available for irradiation in the thermal column of the reactor. Two methods of irradiation are proposed. Both are based on irradiating two ingots simultaneously in one position. After a certain irradiation time, the silicon ingots are reshuffled inside the irradiation channel. The results obtained show that the proposed irradiation strategies of doping silicon ingots are simple to handle and result in acceptable values of resistivity variation.
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Spectrofluorometric determination of montelukast in dosage forms and spiked human plasma. DIE PHARMAZIE 2005; 60:823-6. [PMID: 16320943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The native fluorescence of montelukast has been studied under different experimental conditions. The highest fluorescence intensity was obtained in methanol at 390 nm using 340 nm for excitation. Surfactants and sensitizers had either a negative or a slightly positive effect on its fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence intensity-concentration plot was rectilinear over the range 0.125 to 5 microg/ml with a lower detection limit of 0.02 microg/ml (3.4 x 10(-8) M). Interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs (such as loratadine) or co-administered drugs (such as verapamil, carbazepam, propranolol) or other common drugs, was studied. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the drug in tablets (pediatric tablets, chewable tablets and adult tablets). The mean % recoveries were in agreement with those provided by the manufacturer. The method was further applied to the in vitro determination of montelukast in spiked human plasma, the mean % recovery (n = 5) was 100.08 +/- 1.40.
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Voltammetric study of danazol and its determination in capsules and spiked biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:199-204. [PMID: 15664763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The voltammetric behaviour of danazol DZ (antigonadotropin) was studied using cyclic voltammetry, direct current, differential pulse polarography (DPP) and alternating current polarography. Danazol exhibited irreversible cathodic waves over the pH range of 1-5 in Britton Robinson buffers. At pH 1 (the analytical pH), a well-defined wave with E1/2 of -1.04 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode was obtained. The diffusion current constant (Id) was 4.8+/-0.14 microA.L.m mole(-1) and the current-concentration plot was rectilinear over the range from 5 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-4) M with correlation coefficient (n = 11) of 0.995. The calculated detection limit was 1 x 10(-6) M using the DPP mode. The wave was characterized as being irreversible, diffusion-controlled although adsorption phenomenon played a limited role in the electrode process. The proposed method was applied to commercial capsules and the average percentage recovery was in agreement with that obtained by the official USP method. The method was extended to the in vitro determination of DZ in spiked human urine and plasma samples, the percentage recoveries were 96+/-4 and 97+/-5, respectively. A proposal of the electrode reaction was postulated.
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Binary tree-structured vector quantization approach to clustering and visualizing microarray data. Bioinformatics 2004; 18 Suppl 1:S111-9. [PMID: 12169538 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.suppl_1.s111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION With the increasing number of gene expression databases, the need for more powerful analysis and visualization tools is growing. Many techniques have successfully been applied to unravel latent similarities among genes and/or experiments. Most of the current systems for microarray data analysis use statistical methods, hierarchical clustering, self-organizing maps, support vector machines, or k-means clustering to organize genes or experiments into 'meaningful' groups. Without prior explicit bias almost all of these clustering methods applied to gene expression data not only produce different results, but may also produce clusters with little or no biological relevance. Of these methods, agglomerative hierarchical clustering has been the most widely applied, although many limitations have been identified. RESULTS Starting with a systematic comparison of the underlying theories behind clustering approaches, we have devised a technique that combines tree-structured vector quantization and partitive k-means clustering (BTSVQ). This hybrid technique has revealed clinically relevant clusters in three large publicly available data sets. In contrast to existing systems, our approach is less sensitive to data preprocessing and data normalization. In addition, the clustering results produced by the technique have strong similarities to those of self-organizing maps (SOMs). We discuss the advantages and the mathematical reasoning behind our approach.
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High Performance Liquid Chromatoqraphic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Labetalol and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets and Spiked Human Plasma. Sci Pharm 2004. [DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.aut-04-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A reversed-phase HPLC method with spectrophotometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of labetalol (LBT) and hydrochloro-thiazide (HCD). The chromatographic separation was performed using a Microbondapak C18 column (4.6 i.d. x 250 nm) and paracetamol as internal standard. A mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M phosphate buffer/acetonitrile of pH 4 (7:3) at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min was used. The detection was affected spectrophotornetrically at 302 nm. The working concentration range was 0.3–10 µg/ml with detection limits of 0.05 µg/ml for both drugs. The lower quantitation limit was 0.25 µg/ml in the two cases. The method was successfully applied to tablets, the % recoveries were 99.45 ± 0.68 for LBT and 99.79 ± 0.75 for HCD. The method was extended to the in-vitro determination in spiked human plasma. The % recoveries were 91.12 ± 0.33 for LBT and 91.37 ± 0.40 for HCD. The interday and intraday precision and accuracy were evaluated in plasma by calculating the % RSD (n=5) and the % error and were found to be in the ranges of 1.18–4.1% and 0.38–0.36% for both drugs, respectively.
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Spectrophotometric determination of acyclovir in some pharmaceutical formulations. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2002; 57:865-70. [PMID: 12484534 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of acyclovir in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on its oxidative coupling reaction with 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone (MBTH) in the presence of FeCl3 as an oxidant to produce deep-green colored species measurable at 616 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is linear over the range 20-200 microg ml(-1) with minimum detectability of 1.06 microg ml(-1) (4.71 x 10(-6) M). The molar absorptivity was 9.41 x 10(2) l mol(-1) cm(-1) with correlation coefficient (n = 7) of 0.9998. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were studied carefully and optimized. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of acyclovir in its dosage forms. The percentage recoveries +/-SD (n = 9) were 98.63 +/- 0.34, 99.61 +/- 0.58, 99.35 +/- 0.58 and 99.72 +/- 0.86 for tablets, ophthalmic ointment and cream, respectively. A proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.
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How similar are the determinants of mortality and fertility? PAKISTAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2002; 32:1107-15. [PMID: 12346809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Service vs survey statistics: an evaluation of contraceptive use in Pakistan. PAKISTAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2002; 28:661-9. [PMID: 12343154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Women's empowerment and reproductive choices. PAKISTAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2002; 34:1,137-50. [PMID: 12146437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors use data from the 1990-1991 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey to examine some variables indicating women's empowerment and to analyze the impact of such variables on reproductive choices. They conclude that "most Pakistani women are unaccustomed to the idea of planning children; for them, having children is a phenomenon as simple and common as most other issues of life. Among others who desire a specific number of children, the majority end up having more. It is because socio-cultural influences lead women to have a large family size. Our analysis also denotes similar results, and hence most of the empowerment variables used in this analysis do not explain the variation in the dependent variable as was expected." A comment by Khaleda Manzoor (pp.1,148-50) is included.
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[Emergencies in general practice, 17. Lack of hyperglycemic control in diabetes mellitus]. MMW Fortschr Med 2001; 143:36-7. [PMID: 11460398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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[Emergencies in general practice, 12. Hypoglycemic crisis]. MMW Fortschr Med 2001; 143:39-40. [PMID: 11490505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Abstract
The role of the reconstructive surgeon has increased with an increasingly aggressive surgical approach to locally advanced rectal carcinoma. Multiple options exist for pelvic floor reconstruction. Muscle and myocutaneous flaps for pelvic-floor reconstruction provide well vascularized tissues which may also serve as a biologic spacer. Flaps help to prevent post-radiation fistulae, small bowel obstruction, and pelvic sidewall adherence; flaps also may serve as a barrier to radiation injury. Often a more stable perineal wound closure is achieved. In cases that involve vaginal resection, flaps make neo-vaginal reconstruction possible. Pre-operative consultation with the reconstructive surgeon allows planning of complex, multi-disciplinary procedures, and facilitates patient understanding of the proposed procedure.
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Idiotypic regulation in Schistosomiasis mansoni. JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN SOCIETY OF PARASITOLOGY 1999; 29:451-8. [PMID: 10605496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of anti-idiotype Ab2 in regulation of the immune response in schistosomiasis was studied. Positive Ab2 could be detected among the newborns of infected mothers and experimentally S. mansoni- infected mice. Negative anti-idiotypic antibodies were observed among children above 3 years and control mice. Increasing levels of anti-idiotypic antibodies were detected among S. mansoni infected children and adults. Higher mean anti-idiotype A2 levels were found among patients with hepatosplenomegaly than those with intestinal manifestations. The kinetics of anti-idiotype Ab2 among the S. mansoni- infected mice started from the end of the first week after infection up to 8 weeks. It was continuous, but with undulating levels. Moreover, the anti-idiotype antibody was able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation at 8 weeks post infection.
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Physician development initiative: small group CME. HMO PRACTICE 1997; 11:182-4. [PMID: 10176522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Simulation modelling for dynamic performance studies in a channel model of a supercritical-pressure, direct cycle light water reactor. ANN NUCL ENERGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4549(96)00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Analyse rétrospective des résultats de la cytoponction des nodules thyroïdiens trouvés cancéreux après exérèse. Rev Med Interne 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(97)80011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
To evaluate the accuracy of fine-needle biopsy in the management of the solitary thyroid nodules, 320 biopsies without aspiration were performed in 212 patients, iteratively in 91 cases. Among the 212 initial biopsies, 93 smears were found presumably benign (43.9%), 6 malignant (2.8%), 49 benign implying cytologic control (23.1%), 24 suspicious with decision to operate (11.3%), 40 inadequate (18.9%). On 67 surgical indications (malignant or suspicious cytology, or clinical data), 59 operations were performed. The 11 diagnosed cancers (5.2% of the patients; 18.6% of the operations) correspond to six malignant and five suspicious cytologies at the first or second biopsy. On 145 cases without decision to operate, 125 were clinically surveyed, with sometimes another biopsy (mean survey: 27.6 months; range: 6-80 months), and it was never necessary to modify the initial expectancy attitude. Our results, rather similar to those related by most of the previous publications, confirm that the fine-needle biopsy is a reliable and effective means for the etiologic diagnosis of thyroid nodules and the indications for operative intervention. It spares many patients from a useless operation and is worthy to take a leading place in exploring these nodules.
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Melanoma in situ of the sole that extended into a skin graft: reflections on the biology of melanoma. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1995; 131:1468-1469. [PMID: 7492151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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