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Tissink EP, Shadrin AA, van der Meer D, Parker N, Hindley G, Roelfs D, Frei O, Fan CC, Nagel M, Nærland T, Budisteanu M, Djurovic S, Westlye LT, van den Heuvel MP, Posthuma D, Kaufmann T, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Abundant pleiotropy across neuroimaging modalities identified through a multivariate genome-wide association study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2655. [PMID: 38531894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic pleiotropy is abundant across spatially distributed brain characteristics derived from one neuroimaging modality (e.g. structural, functional or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). A better understanding of pleiotropy across modalities could inform us on the integration of brain function, micro- and macrostructure. Here we show extensive genetic overlap across neuroimaging modalities at a locus and gene level in the UK Biobank (N = 34,029) and ABCD Study (N = 8607). When jointly analysing phenotypes derived from structural, functional and diffusion MRI in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), we boost the discovery of loci and genes beyond previously identified effects for each modality individually. Cross-modality genes are involved in fundamental biological processes and predominantly expressed during prenatal brain development. We additionally boost prediction of psychiatric disorders by conditioning independent GWAS on our multimodal multivariate GWAS. These findings shed light on the shared genetic mechanisms underlying variation in brain morphology, functional connectivity, and tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Tissink
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A A Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - D van der Meer
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N Parker
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - D Roelfs
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - C C Fan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - M Nagel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Nærland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Budisteanu
- Prof. Dr. Alex Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Djurovic
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Kaufmann
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway.
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Parker N, Flowers R, Vickery K, Stolfi A, Bugnitz C. Assessing the Risk of Hypoglycemia Secondary to Propranolol Therapy for the Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:836-844. [PMID: 36933014 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common arrhythmia among infants. Prevention of SVT is frequently managed through propranolol therapy. Hypoglycemia is a known adverse effect of propranolol therapy, but little research has been done on the incidence and risk of hypoglycemia in treatment of SVT in infants with propranolol. This study attempts to offer insight into the risk of hypoglycemia associated with propranolol therapy when treating infantile SVT to help inform future glucose screening guidelines. We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants treated with propranolol in our hospital system. Inclusion criteria were infants < 1 year of age who received propranolol for the treatment of SVT. A total of 63 patients were identified. Data was collected on sex, age, race, diagnosis, gestational age, nutrition source (Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) vs oral), weight (kg), weight for length (kg/cm), propranolol dose (mg/kg/day), comorbidities, and whether or not a hypoglycemic event was identified (< 60 mg/dL). Hypoglycemic events were identified in 9/63 (14.3%) patients. Of the patients with hypoglycemic events, 9/9 (88.9%) had comorbid conditions. Patients with hypoglycemic events had significantly lower weight and propranolol dose than those without hypoglycemic events. Weight for length also tended to increase risk for hypoglycemic events. The high incidence of comorbid conditions in the patients who had hypoglycemic events suggests that hypoglycemic monitoring may only be necessary in patients with conditions predisposing to hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parker
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.
| | - R Flowers
- Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - K Vickery
- Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - A Stolfi
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - C Bugnitz
- Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
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Lakhan A, Gie A, Rhode D, Mfingwana L, Parker N, Goussard P. Cytomegalovirus viral load as predictor of the clinical course of hypoxic pneumonia in children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:49-54. [PMID: 36853136 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children under 1 year of age with hypoxic pneumonia regularly have concurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia. In these children, the diagnosis of CMV-associated pneumonia and the prediction of an outcome are difficult. It is unclear whether quantification of blood CMV viral load (CMV-VL) can predict outcomes in these children.METHODS: This was a retrospective study including children (1-12 months of age), with detectable CMV-VL and hypoxic pneumonia admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. Clinical, radiological and biochemical data were collected.RESULTS: Of the 87 participants included (median age: 3.9 months, IQR 2.2-4.8), 35 were (40%) born prematurely. The median weight-for-age Z-score was -2.68 (IQR -3.0 to -0.83); 37 (43%) were severely underweight for age; 27 (31%) were HIV-positive, 3 were on ART. The median CMV-VL was log 4.0 (IQR 3.3-4.79); CMVhigh was defined as CMV-VL > median; CMV-VL < median was classified as CMVlow. Overall survival was 90%; 12 (15.4%) remained oxygen-dependent at Day 28 post-admission. There was no difference in survival, 24-h post-admission ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO₂:FiO₂), oxygen dependence or ventilation duration between CMVlow and CMVhigh. High-frequency oscillation ventilation duration was longer (P = 0.005) and Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP) co-infection more frequent (P = 0.018) in CMVhigh.CONCLUSION: CMV-VL is unable to predict the clinical outcome in children with hypoxic pneumonia. Specific treatment for CMV should be considered in all children at risk of CMV-associated pneumonia with detectable CMV-VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lakhan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Gie
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D Rhode
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Mfingwana
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Parker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Goussard
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kyriacou C, Robinson E, Barcroft J, Parker N, Tuomey M, Stalder C, Gould D, Al‐Memar M, Bourne T. Time-effectiveness and convenience of transvaginal ultrasound probe disinfection using ultraviolet vs chlorine dioxide multistep wipe system: prospective survey study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:132-138. [PMID: 34919771 PMCID: PMC9414347 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the efficiency, ease of use and user satisfaction of two methods of transvaginal ultrasound probe high-level disinfection: ultraviolet-C radiation (UV-C) and a chlorine dioxide multistep wipe system. METHODS This was a prospective survey study. UV-C units were introduced into a busy early pregnancy assessment service and compared with a multiwipe system for disinfection. Before seeing each patient, healthcare professionals (HCPs) measured with a stopwatch the time taken to complete a cycle of disinfection using either UV-C or chlorine dioxide multistep wipes and responded to a quick-response (QR) code-linked survey. Additional essential tasks that could be completed before seeing the next patient during probe disinfection were also documented. Using another QR code-linked survey, data on ease of use, satisfaction with the system used and preferred system were collected. The ease of use and satisfaction with the system were rated on a 0 to 10 Likert scale (0 poor, 10 excellent). A free-text section for comments was then completed. RESULTS Disinfection using UV-C (n = 331) was 60% faster than the chlorine dioxide multiwipe system (n = 332) (101 vs 250 s; P < 0.0001). A greater number of tasks were completed during probe disinfection when using UV-C, saving a further 74 s per patient (P < 0.0001). The HCPs using UV-C (n = 71) reported greater ease of use (median Likert score, 10 vs 3; P < 0.0001) and satisfaction (median Likert score, 10 vs 2; P < 0.0001) compared with those using the multiwipe system (n = 43). HCPs reported that the chlorine dioxide system was time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly, while the UV-C system was efficient and easy to use. Overall, 98% of the HCPs preferred using the UV-C system. CONCLUSIONS UV-C technology is more time-efficient and allows more essential tasks to be completed during disinfection. For a 4-h ultrasound list of 15 patients, the use of UV-C would save 55 min 45 s. HCPs found UV-C preferable and easier to use. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Kyriacou
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - E. Robinson
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Barcroft
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Parker
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Tuomey
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Stalder
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Gould
- St Mary's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Al‐Memar
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. Bourne
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyQueen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Papanikolaou N, Coulden A, Parker N, Lee S, Kelly C, Anderson R, Rees A, Cox J, Dhillo W, Meeran K, Al-Memar M, Karavitaki N, Jayasena C. P-698 Pituitary functioning gonadotroph adenomas (FGA)-induced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): results from tertiary neuroendocrine centres in the UK. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
There are no published series of OHSS due to FGA. What FGA features should clinicians look for during OHSS, and what treatments are effective?
Summary answer
FGA tumour size is always >10mm. Other pituitary hormones may be deficient. Surgical resection of FGA is an effective treatment for OHSS.
What is known already
Pituitary adenomas affect 1:1000 adults and are classified as functioning or non-functioning. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas do not secrete hormones, but most commonly stain histologically gonadotroph cells. Functional pituitary adenomas secrete hormones such as prolactin causing prolactinoma. However, it is rare for a pituitary tumour to cause clinical features of excessive gonadotrophins (functioning gonadotroph adenoma; FGA).
Single case reports, but no case series, have been published on the presentation of FGA-induced OHSS in women.
Surgical excision of adenomas has been reported to cause remission of symptoms, though systematic data are lacking owing to rarity of these tumours.
Study design, size, duration
National case series from tertiary neuroendocrine units in England, Wales and Scotland.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Eight high-volume pituitary endocrine tertiary units within England, Wales and Scotland audited their records for any cases of FGA-induced OHSS; only seven patients have been identified to date. In all cases, there had been no recent exposure to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) or drugs known to induce OHSS including gonadotrophins or selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMS).
Main results and the role of chance
Seven cases of FGA were identified with mean age 31.6 years (range 16-48) at diagnosis. Two-of-seven women presented acutely unwell with abdominal pain, distention and palpable mass requiring oophorectomy for ovarian torsion/ruptured ovarian cyst. The remaining five women presented with abdominal pain (n = 2), thyrotoxicosis (n = 1), menstrual irregularities/galactorrhoea (n = 1) and visual disturbances (n = 1). All women experienced intermittent pelvic pain during medical attendance. Pelvic ultrasound demonstrated enlarged multiseptated ovaries (volume ranging 27-442cm3). Ascites was noted in one woman. Six women had visual field defects due to optic chiasm compression on formal assessment. Median FSH was 26.10 u/L (8.3-33), but LH was <2.5 u/L in all cases. Estradiol (E2) far exceeded the reference range in 5/7 women (2990 to > 18000pmol/L);E2 was at the upper limit of normal in the remaining 2/7 women (960-1450pmol/L). Hyperprolactinaemia, hyperthyroidism and other pituitary hormones deficiency were noted in 6/7, 1/7 and 4/7 women respectively. All FGAs were macroadenomas with diameters ranging 16-48mm. Two patients were administered a somatostatin analogue prior to surgery, but FSH, E2 and tumour size did not change. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in 6/7 women, and always improved symptomatic and biochemical features of OHSS; however, residual FGA tumour was present post-operatively in all cases studied.
Limitations, reasons for caution
It is possible that some ‘non-functioning’ gonadotroph adenomas cause subclinical problems including menstrual irregularity and mild OHSS which were never diagnosed.
We have insufficient data to determine the prognosis for future pregnancy after FGA-induced OHSS.
This study utilised historical case-notes, so some data is missing.
Wider implications of the findings
The ‘spontaneous’ presentation of OHSS may be confusing for clinicians. We report that FGA is an important cause of spontaneous OHSS which has well-defined biochemical and radiological characteristics, which may be treated effectively in the short-to-medium with pituitary surgery. Results of this study may provide greater awareness of FGA-induced OHSS.
Trial registration number
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- N Papanikolaou
- Imperial College London, Metabolism-Digestion and Reproduction , London, United Kingdom
| | - A Coulden
- University hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Endocrinology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Parker
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Obstetrics and Gynaecology , London, United Kingdom
| | - S Lee
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , Endocrinology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Kelly
- NHS Forth Valley , Endocrinology, Larbert, United Kingdom
| | - R Anderson
- University of Edinburgh, Obstetrics and Gynaecology- Center for Reproductive health , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Rees
- Cardiff University- School of Medicine , Endocrinology, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J Cox
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , Endocrinology, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Dhillo
- Imperial College London, Metabolism- Digestion and Reproduction , London, United Kingdom
| | - K Meeran
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , Endocrinology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Al-Memar
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Obstetrics and Gynaecology , London, United Kingdom
| | - N Karavitaki
- University hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Endocrinology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - C Jayasena
- Imperial College London, Metabolism-Digestion and Reproduction , London, United Kingdom
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Kyriacou C, Cooper N, Robinson E, Parker N, Barcroft J, Kundu S, Letchworth P, Sur S, Gould D, Stalder C, Bourne T. Ultrasound characteristics, serum biochemistry and outcome of ectopic pregnancies presenting during COVID-19 pandemic. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58:909-915. [PMID: 34605083 PMCID: PMC8661840 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the characteristics of ectopic pregnancies (EPs) in the year prior to vs during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with an EP on transvaginal sonography conducted at a center in London, UK, providing early-pregnancy assessment, between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. Women were identified via the Astraia ultrasound reporting system using coded and non-coded outcomes of EP or pregnancy outside the uterine cavity. Data related to predefined outcomes were collected using Astraia and Cerner electronic reporting systems. Main outcome measures included clinical, ultrasound and biochemical features of EP, in addition to reported complications and management. RESULTS There were 22 683 consultations over the 2-year period. Following consultation, a similar number and proportion of EPs were diagnosed in 2019 (141/12 657 (1%)) and 2020 (134/10 026 (1%)). Both cohorts were comparable in age, ethnicity, weight and method of conception. Gestational age at the first transvaginal sonography scan and at diagnosis were similar, and no difference in location, size or morphology of EP was found between the two cohorts. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels at the time of EP diagnosis were higher in 2020 than in 2019 (1005 IU/L vs 665 IU/L; P = 0.03). The proportions of women according to type of final EP management were similar, but the rate of failed first-line management was higher during vs before the pandemic (16% vs 6%; P = 0.01). The rates of blood detected in the pelvis (hemoperitoneum) on ultrasound (23% vs 26%; P = 0.58) and of ruptured EP confirmed surgically (9% vs 3%; P = 0.07) were similar in 2019 vs 2020. CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed in the location, size, morphology or gestational age at the first ultrasound examination or at diagnosis of EP between women diagnosed before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Complication rates and final management strategy were also unchanged. However, hCG levels and the failure rate of first-line conservative management measures were higher during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that women continued to access appropriate care for EP during the COVID-19 pandemic, with no evidence of diagnostic delay or an increase in adverse outcome in our population. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Kyriacou
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Cooper
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - E. Robinson
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Parker
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Barcroft
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Kundu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Letchworth
- St Mary's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Sur
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Gould
- St Mary's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Stalder
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. Bourne
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Narayan V, Boorjian S, Alemozaffer M, Konety B, Gomella L, Kamat A, Lerner S, Svatek R, Karsh L, Canter D, Lotan Y, Inman B, Yang M, Garcia-Horton V, Sawutz D, Parker N, Dinney C. Subgroup analyses of the phase 3 study of intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec in patients with high-grade, BCG-unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC). Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Narayan V, Boorjian S, Alemozaffer M, Konety B, Gomella L, Kamat A, Lerner S, Svatek R, Karsh L, Canter D, Lotan Y, Inman B, Yang M, Garcia-Horton V, Sawutz D, Parker N, Dinney C. Significant anti-adenovirus antibody response positively correlates with efficacy in patients treated with nadofaragene firadenovec for high-grade BCG-unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC). Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Woo S, Freeman C, Desrochers A, Rans K, Chwyl B, Parker N, Debenham B. Comparison of Primary Radiation Therapy Plans to Post-Operative Radiation Therapy Plans in Patients with Stage III or IV Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen Y, Parker N, Joks R. P236 Pseudotumoral conjunctival HSV-2 infection with IgG-4 related responses in an HIV infected patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ledowski T, Tiong W, Lee C, Wong B, Fiori T, Parker N. Analgesia nociception index: evaluation as a new parameter for acute postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:627-9. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dryden M, Saeed K, Townsend R, Winnard C, Bourne S, Parker N, Coia J, Jones B, Lawson W, Wade P, Howard P, Marshall S. Antibiotic stewardship and early discharge from hospital: impact of a structured approach to antimicrobial management. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2289-96. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moriera F, So K, Gould P, Kamnasaran D, Jensen RL, Hussain I, Gutmann DH, Gorovets D, Kastenhuber ER, Pentsova E, Nayak L, Huse JT, van den Bent MJ, Gravendeel LA, Gorlia T, Kros JM, Wesseling P, Teepen J, Idbaih A, Sanson M, Smitt PAS, French PJ, Zhang W, Zhang J, Hoadley K, Carter B, Li S, Kang C, You Y, Jiang C, Song S, Jiang T, Chen C, Grimm C, Weiler M, Claus R, Weichenhan D, Hartmann C, Plass C, Weller M, Wick W, Jenkins RB, Sicotte H, Xiao Y, Fridley BL, Decker PA, Kosel ML, Kollmeyer TM, Fink SR, Rynearson AL, Rice T, McCoy LS, Smirnov I, Tehan T, Hansen HM, Patoka JS, Prados MD, Chang SM, Berger MS, Lachance DH, Wiencke JK, Wiemels JL, Wrensch MR, Gephart MH, Lee E, Kyriazopoulou-Panagiotopoulou S, Milenkovic L, Xun X, Hou Y, Kui W, Edwards M, Batzoglou S, Jun W, Scott M, Hobbs JE, Tipton J, Zhou T, Kelleher NL, Chandler JP, Schwarzenberg J, Czernin J, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Geist C, Phelps M, Chen W, Nakada M, Hayashi Y, Obuchi W, Ohtsuki S, Watanabe T, Ikeda C, Misaki K, Kita D, Hayashi Y, Uchiyama N, Terasaki T, Hamada JI, Hiddingh L, Tops B, Hulleman E, Kaspers GJL, Vandertop WP, Wesseling P, Noske DP, Wurdinger T, Jeuken JW, See AP, Hwang T, Shin D, Shin JH, Gao Y, Lim M, Hutterer M, Michael M, Gerold U, Karin S, Ingrid G, Florian D, Armin M, Eugen T, Eberhard G, Gunther S, Cook RW, Oelschlager K, Sevim H, Chung L, Wheeler HT, Baxter RC, McDonald KL, Chaturbedi A, Yu L, Zhou YH, Chaturbedi A, Wong A, Fatuyi R, Linskey ME, Zhou YH, Lavon I, Shahar T, Zrihan D, Granit A, Ram Z, Siegal T, Brat DJ, Cooper LA, Gutman DA, Chisolm CS, Appin C, Kong J, Kurc T, Van Meir EG, Saltz JH, Moreno CS, Abuhusain HJ, McDonald KL, Don AS, Nagarajan RP, Johnson BE, Olshen AB, Smirnov I, Xie M, Wang J, Sundaram V, Paris P, Wang T, Costello JF, Sijben AE, Boots-Sprenger SH, Boogaarts J, Rijntjes J, Geitenbeek JM, van der Palen J, Bernsen HJ, Wesseling P, Jeuken JW, Schnell O, Adam SA, Eigenbrod S, Kretzschmar HA, Tonn JC, Schuller U, Schwarzenberg J, Cloughesy T, Czernin J, Geist C, Phelps M, Chen W, Sperduto PW, Kased N, Roberge D, Xu Z, Shanley R, Luo X, Sneed PK, Chao ST, Weil RJ, Suh J, Bhatt A, Jensen AW, Brown PD, Shih HA, Kirkpatrick J, Gaspar LE, Fiveash JB, Chiang V, Knisely JP, Sperduto CM, Lin N, Mehta MP, Kwatra MM, Porter TM, Brown KE, Herndon JE, Bigner DD, Dahlrot RH, Kristensen BW, Hansen S, Sulman EP, Cahill DP, Wang M, Won M, Hegi ME, Mehta MP, Aldape KD, Gilbert MR, Sadr ES, Tessier A, Sadr MS, Alshami J, Sabau C, Del Maestro R, Neal ML, Rockne R, Trister AD, Swanson KR, Maleki S, Back M, Buckland M, Brazier D, McDonald K, Cook R, Parker N, Wheeler H, Jalbert L, Elkhaled A, Phillips JJ, Yoshihara HA, Parvataneni R, Srinivasan R, Bourne G, Chang SM, Cha S, Nelson SJ, Aldape KD, Gilbert M, Cahill D, Wang M, Won M, Hegi M, Colman H, Mehta M, Sulman E, Elkhaled A, Jalbert L, Constantin A, Phillips J, Yoshihara H, Srinivasan R, Bourne G, Chang SM, Cha S, Nelson S, Gunn S, Reveles XT, Tirtorahardjo B, Strecker MN, Fichtel L. -OMICS AND PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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Duvenhage L, Mushaike T, Parker N, Swartz L, Rensburg M, Wilkinson S, Morris L. A meta-analysis into the effect of lateral-wedged insoles with subtalar strapping versus traditional insoles in adults with medial knee osteoarthritis. South African Journal of Physiotherapy 2011. [DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v67i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To systematically identify, collate, and analyze the current available evidence for the effectiveness of lateral-wedged insoles, with subtalar strapping, on reducing pain, improving function and improving the femoral-tibial angle (FTA), in adults with medial knee osteoarthritis compared to traditional insoles without subtalar strapping.Six computerised databases, namely Cochrane Library, CiNAHL, PEDro, BIOMED central, PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched. The included articles were then all rated using the PEDro scale to determine their meth-odological quality. Homogeneous data were pooled in a meta-analysis using Review Manager (REVMAN) software. Where statistical pooling of the results was not possible, findings were summarised in narrative form. Three randomised controlled trials were selected for this review. The average PEDro score was 5.7. A meta-analysis demonstrated that lateral-wedged insoles with subtalar strapping significantly reduced pain in the short-term (p=0.004). The review found that lateral-wedge insoles with subtalar strapping significantly decreased pain in the short-term and seemed to have a positive effect on the FTA in the long-term, when compared to traditional insoles without subtalar strapping. The lateral-wedge insole with subtalar strapping may provide a financially feasible adjunctive self-management treatment for knee OA and should be considered before invasive procedures such as surgery.
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Bae K, Parker N, Vieweg J, Siemann D. 470 E-cadherin plasticity in tumor-initiating stem-like cells regulates prostate cancer cell invasion. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells have remarkable bioenergetics in which increased glucose supply upregulates the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio and increases insulin secretion. This arrangement allows glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) to be regulated by the coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) modulates coupling efficiency and may regulate GSIS. Initial measurements of GSIS and glucose tolerance in Ucp2(-/-) mice supported this model, but recent studies show confounding effects of genetic background. Importantly, however, the enhancement of GSIS is robustly recapitulated with acute UCP2 knockdown in INS-1E insulinoma cells. UCP2 protein level in these cells is dynamically regulated, over at least a fourfold concentration range, by rapid proteolysis (half-life less than 1 h) opposing regulated gene transcription and mRNA translation. Degradation is catalysed by the cytosolic proteasome in an unprecedented pathway that is currently known to act only on UCP2 and UCP3. Evidence for proteasomal turnover of UCP2 includes sensitivity of degradation to classic proteasome inhibitors in cells, and reconstitution of degradation in vitro in mitochondria incubated with ubiquitin and the cytosolic 26S proteasome. These dynamic changes in UCP2 content may provide a fine level of control over GSIS in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Brand
- Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Parker
- Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A. Pascoe
- Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H. Moller
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag, Twizel, New Zealand
| | - R. Maloney
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag, Twizel, New Zealand
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18
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Parker N, Greenhalgh A, Chockalingam N, Dangerfield PH. Positional relationship between leg rotation and lumbar spine during quiet standing. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 140:231-239. [PMID: 18810029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals frequently evaluate spinal posture on visual assessment during the clinical examination. While this visual assessment of the spine has been shown to be unreliable, the use of a plumbline as to aid clinical visual assessment has also been reported. There is a "normal" sagittal contour that functions quite well in healthy people. It positions the head in space, it protects the neural axis, and it allows efficient, pain-free motion. Lumbar lordosis is routinely evaluated in most spine patients, but what constitutes a normal sagittal contour is less well defined. A key component of normal sagittal contour is lumbar lordosis. Changes in the lumbar lordosis frequently occur in pathological gait, usually in association with alterations in pelvic tilt, and commonly as a compensation for a limited range of flexion/extension at the hip joint. Recent investigations looked at the effect of hyperpronation on pelvic alignment in a standing position and supported the existence of a kinematic chain in healthy subjects, where hyperpronation can lead to an immediate shank and thigh internal rotation and change in pelvic position. While there is a wealth of research is available on the effectiveness of functional foot orthoses, the present investigation reports the effect of pronated foot position on the lumbar region of the back by employing an optoelectronic movement analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parker
- Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK
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Abstract
The NeuroScope, a specific and sensitive indicator of cardiac vagal tone, was used to look for differences in autonomic tone between 25 dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy control dogs, to determine whether there was any correlation between the dogs' cardiac vagal tone, the duration of diabetes and the adequacy of glycaemic control. The cardiac index of parasympathetic activity (cipa) was determined for each dog over a period of 2600 heartbeats. The mean, median and modal cipa values were significantly lower in the diabetic dogs than in the healthy dogs. There was no significant relationship between the cipa values and the duration of disease or the adequacy of recent glycaemic control in the diabetic dogs, but there was a significant inverse relationship between the cipa values and the bodyweight of the diabetic dogs that was not evident in the normal dogs. The conclusions were based on a 500-heartbeat interval selected from the 2600 heartbeats recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kenefick
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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20
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Abstract
It has long been accepted that communication is of central importance in healthcare, and a core aspect of clinical competence. Many educational institutions and Royal Colleges now reflect this and consider communication skills a priority in postgraduate examination. The new examination "Practical Assessment of Clinical and Examination Skills" has replaced the Royal College of Physicians MRCP part 2 clinical and oral examination. This examination now consists of five clinical stations, two of which focus on communication skills. A short course for postgraduate trainees has been designed to address the communication skills requirements of the part 2 clinical examination. The aims, development, and content of the course are described. Emphasis is placed on candidates practising skills with patients and receiving feedback during the course. Evidence suggests that practice with feedback is an essential ingredient of communication skills courses, and is more effective than other methods such as observing experts or video examples, or simply discussing issues in communication. Results of a preliminary evaluation indicate that the course was perceived as valuable by candidates and that the aims, format, and content were appropriate. Although the preliminary evaluation was largely positive, it could be argued that the acid test of the effectiveness of a course is an objective evaluation of skills, observed before and after the course, a development that is being considered for future evaluation of the course. Recommendations for applying this type of training to postgraduate trainees in any branch of medicine are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dacre
- Academic Centre for Medical Education, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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Abstract
Mycobacterium szulgai is a nontuberculous, acid-fast bacillus or atypical mycobacteria, which prior to 1972 was not thought of as a pathogen. Since then most cases reported in the literature have been of pulmonary disease with only a few case reports of cutaneous disease. Our patient, who had an underlying, uncategorized, immunosuppressive condition, presented with multiple severe ulcers spreading proximally up the arms in a sporotrichoid pattern with more scatttered lesions on his legs. He made a full recovery with appropriate antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kapur
- Department of Haematology, The Whittington Hospital, HighGate Hill, London, N19 5NF, UK.
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22
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Prince HM, Bashford J, Wall D, Rischin D, Parker N, Toner GC, Seymour JF, Blakey D, Haylock D, Simmons P, Francis P, Wolf M, Januszewicz EH, Richardson G, Scarlett J, Briggs P. Isolex 300i CD34-selected cells to support multiple cycles of high-dose therapy. Cytotherapy 2002; 4:137-45. [PMID: 12006209 DOI: 10.1080/146532402317381848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that repeated cycles of high-dose therapy (HDT), can be supported by unmanipulated autologous PBPC. Here we investigate whether purified CD34+ cells, obtained by immunomagnetic separation using the Isolex 300i device, can support such therapy. METHODS Twenty-nine consecutive patients with metastatic breast cancer had PBPC mobilized and harvested following chemotherapy and G-CSF (10 microg/kg per day). Patients with > 4.0 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells in the apheresis product underwent CD34-selection using the Isolex 300i (v2.0) device. All cells collected were equally divided into three aliquots and cryopreserved. Patients who did not achieve this threshold had unmanipulated cells collected and stored. Patients subsequently received three cycles of HDT with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2), thiotepa (300 mg/m2) and either ifosfamide (10 g/m2) or cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2). It was intended for patients to receive CD34-selected cells to support each of the three cycles of HDT (i.e 1/3 for each cycle) and to compare hemopoietic recovery between patients receiving CD34-selected cells or unmanipulated cells. RESULTS Thirteen of the 29 patients (45%) did not mobilize sufficient CD34+ cells to undergo CD34-selection. The remaining 16 patients underwent CD34-selection with a median purity of 84.3% (range: 16.3-96.1%) and yield of 34% (range: 1-60%). Fifteen of these patients proceeded to HDT and 42 of the planned 45 cycles were administered. Nine patients had all three HDT cycles supported by CD34-selected cells. The median number of CD34-selected cells (x 10(6)/kg) infused per cycle was 1.5 (range: 0.04-3.01). Three of the 15 patients required infusion of 'back-up' unmanipulated cells because of delayed neutrophil recovery. Of the 13 patients whose PBPCs did not undergo CD34+ cell selection, 11 proceeded to HDT with a median of 3.2 x 10(6)/kg (range: 2.0-4.4) unselected cells infused per cycle and 31 of 33 planned cycles were delivered. When hemopoietic recovery was compared between cycles of HDT supported by CD34-selected (n = 34) and unmanipulated cells (n = 31), there was a modest slowing in the patients receiving CD34-selected cells; time to ANC > 1.0 x 10(9)/L = 11 days versus 10 days (P = 0.0122) and platelets > 20 x 10(9)/L = 14 days versus 13 days (P = 0.0009). No difference in recovery to 50 x 10(9)/L was observed (P = 0.54). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that Isolex 300i CD34-selected cells are capable of supporting multiple cycles of HDT. However, we were unable to acquire sufficient CD34+ cells to perform this processing in 45% (13/29) of patients and further improvements in yield are required to overcome the modest delay in neutrophil and platelet recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Prince
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Pearn J, Parker N, Kenny G. Ernest Sandford Jackson: pioneer surgeon, early medical historian and champion of public health in Australia. Occas Pap Med Hist Aust 2001; 3:1-17. [PMID: 11621828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Miller
- DuPont Central Research and Development Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, USA
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Gould KL, Nakagawa Y, Nakagawa K, Sdringola S, Hess MJ, Haynie M, Parker N, Mullani N, Kirkeeide R. Frequency and clinical implications of fluid dynamically significant diffuse coronary artery disease manifest as graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion abnormalities by noninvasive positron emission tomography. Circulation 2000; 101:1931-9. [PMID: 10779459 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.16.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse coronary atherosclerosis is the substrate for plaque rupture and coronary events. Therefore, in patients with mild arteriographic coronary artery disease without significant segmental dipyridamole-induced myocardial perfusion defects, we tested the hypothesis that fluid dynamically significant diffuse coronary artery narrowing is frequently manifest as a graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion abnormality by noninvasive PET. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 1001 patients with documented coronary artery disease by coronary arteriography showing any visible coronary artery narrowing underwent rest-dipyridamole PET perfusion imaging. Quantitative severity of dipyridamole-induced, circumscribed, segmental PET perfusion defects was objectively measured by automated software as the minimum quadrant average relative activity indicating localized flow limiting stenoses. Quantitative severity of the graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion gradient indicating fluid dynamic effects of diffuse coronary artery narrowing was objectively measured by automated software as the spatial slope of relative activity along the cardiac longitudinal axis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild arteriographic disease without statistically significant dipyridamole-induced segmental myocardial perfusion defects caused by flow-limiting stenoses compared with normal control subjects, there was a graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion gradient significantly different from normal control subjects (P=0. 001) that was also observed for moderate to severe dipyridamole-induced segmental perfusion defects (P=0.0001), indicating diffuse disease underlying segmental perfusion defects; 43% of patients with or without segmental perfusion defects demonstrated graded, longitudinal, base-to-apex perfusion abnormalities beyond +/-2 SD of normal control subjects, indicating diffuse coronary arterial narrowing by noninvasive PET perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Gould
- Weatherhead PET Center for Preventing and Reversing Atherosclerosis, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Heslop L, Elsom S, Parker N. Improving continuity of care across psychiatric and emergency services: combining patient data within a participatory action research framework. J Adv Nurs 2000; 31:135-43. [PMID: 10632802 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Presented with the concerns of emergency department nurses about providing appropriate and co-ordinated care for patients seeking mental health services, a Monash University School of Nursing, Victoria, Australia, research team chose a participatory action research strategy. Jointly executed with staff from the Peninsula Health Care Network, the research process brought together in a number of fora multiple disciplines involved in the care and management of psychiatric patients. The participatory action research process itself was the first step in remedial action. Through it, participants and management gained a firmer view of the issues facing Frankston Hospital Emergency Department staff in dealing with psychiatric patients, and in securing their access to suitable pathways of care. Other research outcomes included: a compilation of summary statistics showing patterns of use by psychiatric patients of Frankston Hospital's Emergency Department; beginning discussions about pathways of care for these patients; and the development of a screening tool to be used by the triage nurse for at-risk psychiatric patients presenting to the Emergency Department.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Heslop
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
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Lowenthal R, Tuck D, Tegg E, Marsden K, Rees B, Luck J, Ragg S, Parker N, Kotlovsky N. Hemopoietic stem-cell harvesting and transplantation using G-CSF-primed BM: comparison with unprimed BM and G-CSF-primed PBSC. Cytotherapy 1999; 1:409-16. [DOI: 10.1080/0032472031000141285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Jaju RJ, Boultwood J, Oliver FJ, Kostrzewa M, Fidler C, Parker N, McPherson JD, Morris SW, Müller U, Wainscoat JS, Kearney L. Molecular cytogenetic delineation of the critical deleted region in the 5q- syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998; 22:251-6. [PMID: 9624537 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199807)22:3<251::aid-gcc11>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5q- syndrome is a distinct type of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterised by refractory anaemia, morphological abnormalities of megakaryocytes, and del(5q) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. In contrast to patients with therapy-related MDS with 5q deletions, 5q- syndrome patients have a favourable prognosis and a low rate of transformation to acute leukaemia. We have previously delineated a common deleted region of 5.6 Mb between the gene for fibroblast growth factor acidic (FGF1) and the subunit of interleukin 12 (IL12B) in two patients with 5q- syndrome and small deletions, del(5)(q31q33). The present study used fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of these and a third 5q- syndrome patient with a small deletion, del(5)(q33q34), to refine further the critical deleted region. This resulted in the narrowing of the common deleted region within 5q31.3-5q33 to approximately 3 Mb, flanked by the adrenergic receptor beta 2 (ADRB2) and IL/2B genes. The common region of loss in these three 5q- syndrome patients includes the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC), and glutamate receptor (GR1A1) genes. This 5q- syndrome critical region is telomeric to and distinct from the other critical regions on 5q associated with MDS and acute myeloid leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Jaju
- University Department of Cellular Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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D'Sa S, Parker N. Fast track admission for children with sickle cell crises. Opiates other than pethidine are better. BMJ 1998; 316:934; author reply 934-5. [PMID: 9569397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Daggett P, D'Sa S, Parker N, Ware MA, Fertleman C, Gallagher A, Rossiter M. Fast track admission for children with sickle cell crises. BMJ 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7135.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lucas CM, Dierks EJ, Parker N. Creating a practice partnership: a clinical application of case management. Adv Pract Nurs Q 1998; 1:49-63. [PMID: 9447015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using the framework of case management, a team partnership was developed for the head and neck surgery population undergoing reconstruction with free tissue transfers ("free flaps"). The focus of the partnership was to improve care coordination from surgery scheduling through discharge. Practice agreements were negotiated, pre-printed on a clinical path, and further supported by pre-printed physician's orders, teaching materials, and a variance tracking tool. In the 6 months since implementing this partnership, patients have recovered more quickly, reducing length of stay by 25% and costs by 15% to 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lucas
- Patient Care Support Services, Legacy Portland Hospital, Oregon
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Parker N. Lectin/Antibody "sandwich" ELISA for quantification of circulating mucin as a diagnostic test for pancreatic cancer. Methods Mol Med 1998; 9:249-253. [PMID: 21374465 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-396-1:249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer in the nonjaundiced patient can be difficult to diagnose, even with the aid of modern scanning techniques. Studies have shown that mucus glycoproteins (mucins) are frequently detectable in the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer (1,2), and these mucins may express a wide range of different carbohydrate structures The detection and quantification of mucin can be used in serological diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parker
- Cortecs Diagnostics, Deeside Industrial Park, Newtech Square, Deeside, UK
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Overall M, Bakker M, Spencer J, Parker N, Smith P, Dziadek M. Genomic imprinting in the rat: linkage of Igf2 and H19 genes and opposite parental allele-specific expression during embryogenesis. Genomics 1997; 45:416-20. [PMID: 9344669 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Igf2 and H19 are closely linked imprinted genes in both mice and humans that are expressed from opposite parental alleles. In this study we demonstrate that these two genes are also closely linked in the rat, with the H19 gene mapping to within 145 kb of Igf2 on rat chromosome 1. We identified polymorphisms in H19 and Igf2 transcripts in two inbred rat strains and determined the expression of the parental alleles in F1 offspring. The H19 gene was shown to be expressed exclusively from the maternal allele in all fetal and neonatal tissues. Monoallelic expression of Igf2 from the paternal allele was found in all tissues except the leptomeninges and choroid plexus. Igf2 in the choroid plexus was monoallelic at days 13.5 and 15.5 of gestation with a switch to biallelic expression by day 18.5, demonstrating a loss of imprinting after the choroid plexus has differentiated. Biallelic expression of Igf2 was observed in the leptomeninges at all fetal and neonatal stages analyzed. These studies demonstrate conservation of imprinting of two closely linked genes transcribed from opposite parental alleles in a species other than human or mouse. A comparative approach between different species will be important in defining the mechanisms that regulate the tissue-specific expression of imprinted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Overall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Baba A, Parker N, Fox R. Differential transcriptional regulation of the human gene for the M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase by p53. Eur J Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)84429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vadher BD, Lloyd M, Parker N, Patterson DL. Effect of sample storage on the International Normalized Ratio. Br J Haematol 1997; 97:936-7. [PMID: 9217204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Dwarakanath AD, Finnie IA, Beesley CM, O'Dowd GM, Nash J, Tsai HH, Parker N, Rhodes JM. Differential excretion of leucocyte granule components in inflammatory bowel disease: implications for pathogenesis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1997; 92:307-13. [PMID: 9093012 DOI: 10.1042/cs0920307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Faecal excretion of the leucocyte primary granule component, myeloperoxidase, and of the secondary granule component, lactoferrin, were compared in inflammatory bowel disease and infective diarrhoea. 2. Faecal lactoferrin correlated with faecal myeloperoxidase in both inflammatory bowel disease (P = 0.0018; n = 32) and infective diarrhoea (P = 0.00013; n = 37), but inflammatory bowel disease was associated with a much higher faecal excretion of lactoferrin but lower excretion of myeloperoxidase than infective diarrhoea. As a consequence, the median ratio of lactoferrin/myeloperoxidase excretion (both expressed as ng/mg of protein) for inflammatory bowel disease was 7.5 (range 3.5-21.3) with similar values for ulcerative colitis (n = 18) and Crohn's disease (n = 14) compared with only 0.9 (range 0.4-2.3; P < 0.0001) for infective diarrhoea. In inflammatory bowel disease faecal lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase excretion remained increased even in clinical remission. 3. In subsequent immunohistochemical studies to assess the possible explanation for these findings, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase were demonstrated within crypt abscesses and surface mucus, both in inflammatory bowel and in infective diarrhoea mucosal samples. There was a slight increase in the number of lactoferrin-containing cells in the mucosal samples from ulcerative colitis and in the submucosa of samples from Crohn's disease compared with infective diarrhoea, but these changes were not sufficient to account for the marked increase in faecal lactoferrin excretion in inflammatory bowel disease. 4. In all mucosal samples, including those from normal mucosa, lactoferrin was also shown to be contained within mast cells. 5. These results could best be explained by a different mechanism for leucocyte activation in inflammatory bowel disease compared with infective diarrhoea, and are compatible with selective secretion of secondary granule components, which include lactoferrin but not myeloperoxidase, as a result of leucocyte activation by N-formylated bacterial peptides in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Abstract
CAM 17.1-Ab is a recently described monoclonal antibody that detects a mucus glycoprotein with high specificity for intestinal mucus, particularly in the colon, small intestine, biliary tract and pancreas. We investigated the expression and release of CAM 17.1 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and tissue specimens of normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. CAM 17.1 was weakly expressed on normal ductal cells and chronic pancreatitis, whereas it was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. Serum analysis using a new enzyme-linked antibody sandwich assay (CAM 17.1/WGA) of patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer or other gastrointestinal cancer and of healthy blood donors revealed a high sensitivity (67%) and excellent specificity (90%) of CAM 17.1/WGA assay in pancreatic cancer. In comparison with the tumour marker CA19-9, the sensitivity of the CAM 17.1/WGA assay was similar to the sensitivity of CA 19-9 (67% and 76%, P = 0.22), whereas the specificity of CAM 17.1/WGA assay was higher than in CA 19-9 (90% compared with 78% in chronic pancreatitis, P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gansauge
- Department of General Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
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Blatter DD, Bigler ED, Gale SD, Johnson SC, Anderson CV, Burnett BM, Parker N, Kurth S, Horn SD. Quantitative volumetric analysis of brain MR: normative database spanning 5 decades of life. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:241-51. [PMID: 7726068 PMCID: PMC8338340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a normative volumetric database, spanning 5 decades of life, of cerebrospinal fluid, subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid, total brain volume, total ventricular volume (component ventricular volumes of lateral, temporal horn, and third and fourth ventricles) and estimates of white and gray matter, based on a multispectral segmentation of brain MR. This database is presented as a reference for future studies comparing pathologic states. METHOD One hundred ninety-four healthy subjects, ranging in age from 16 to 65 years, received standard axial intermediate- and T2-weighted spin-echo MR images. Multispectral segmentation and volume analysis were performed using ANALYZE. RESULTS Normative volumetric estimates, both uncorrected and corrected for differences in total intracranial volume, were obtained for all subjects and presented by decade and sex. Age-related cerebrospinal fluid changes were evident for both male and female subjects. Most gender differences were eliminated by correction for differences in total intracranial volume. Standard and fast spin-echo acquisition methods gave comparable volume estimates. Total brain volume measurements from MR compare favorably with data from large autopsy series. CONCLUSION Although there may be limitations to generalizations, these normative data tables can provide a comparison index for contrasting pathologic groups with a normative sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Blatter
- Department of Radiology, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
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Abstract
Sialylation of mucus glycoproteins confers charge and increased resistance to enzymatic degradation. The hypothesis that mucus sialylation might be altered in ulcerative colitis has been studied using in vitro culture of mucosal biopsies for 24 h with 3H N-acetyl mannosamine as a specific sialic acid precursor. Rectal biopsies were obtained at colonoscopy from patients with clinically inactive ulcerative colitis (n = 9) and controls (n = 12) who were patients found to have a normal colonoscopy performed for iron deficiency anaemia or altered bowel habit. The incorporation of 3H N-acetyl mannosamine into mucin was increased in ulcerative colitis (n = 9; 150; 113.3-393.2 dpm/micrograms mucin, median and interquartile ranges), compared with controls (n = 12; 33.6; 19.7-68.4 dpm/micrograms; p < 0.01). The ratio of incorporation into mucin of 3H N-acetyl mannosamine/14C N-acetyl galactosamine was also increased in ulcerative colitis (3.27; 1.93-4.98 dpm/dpm), compared with controls (1.35; 1.24-1.7 dpm/dpm; p < 0.001) suggesting that the increased incorporation of N-acetyl mannosamine probably reflects an increase in the average extent of sialylation per mucin oligosaccharide chain rather than an increase in the number of oligosaccharide chains. This increase in mucin sialylation seems unlikely to have a pathogenic role in the development of colitis but provides further evidence for the similarity between the alterations that occur in ulcerative colitis, colonic polyposis and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parker
- University Department of Medicine, Royal Liverpool University, UK
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Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis are usually non- or ex-smokers in contrast to Crohn's disease where smoking is common. Abnormalities of quantity and quality of intestinal mucus have been postulated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. It is possible that smoking habit may exert its effects via changes in mucus in inflammatory bowel disease. We have therefore studied incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into synthesized colonic mucin in explants from 85 controls with normal colonoscopic appearances and histology, including 27 smokers and 58 nonsmokers, 36 patients with ulcerative colitis and 19 with ileocolonic Crohn's disease over 24 h in tissue culture. Incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into normal explants was 31.3 +/- (SD) 7.1 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, incorporation was increased in patients with active Crohn's disease (mean 41.2 +/- (SD) 10.4 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.003), decreased in inactive ulcerative colitis (mean 24.1 +/- 7.8 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.0006) but normal in active ulcerative colitis (mean 35.0 +/- 13.8 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.44). No significant relationship was found between cigarette smoking habits and mucus synthesis in controls with normal mucosa (nonsmokers, n = 58, mean 31.0 +/- (SD) 7.52 dpm/microgram biopsy protein; smokers, n = 27, mean 31.8 +/- (SD) 6.1 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.9). This study shows that mucus glycoprotein synthesis is reduced in inactive ulcerative colitis, rising to normal levels in active disease and that synthesis is increased in Crohn's disease. There is no effect of smoking on mucus synthesis by control biopsies suggesting that the differences seen in inflammatory bowel disease are not related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ryder
- University Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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Smith MM, Hunter GR, Kckes-Szabo T, Kell S, Parker N, Weinsier RL. 1204 RESPONSES DURING ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING FOLLOWING STRENGTH TRAINING IN OLDER WOMEN. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199405001-01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ryder SD, Parker N, Ecclestone D, Haqqani MT, Rhodes JM. Peanut lectin stimulates proliferation in colonic explants from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colon polyps. Gastroenterology 1994; 106:117-24. [PMID: 8276172 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(94)94775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The TF antigen (galactose-beta 1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine alpha) is overexpressed in malignant and premalignant colonic epithelium. Previous studies have shown that peanut lectin (PNA), which binds TF, is mitogenic for normal human colonic epithelium. This study aimed to determine its effect on abnormal colonic epithelium. METHODS Crypt cell proliferation rate (CCPR) was measured using vincristine arrest and mucus synthesis by incorporation of radiolabeled N-acetyl glucosamine in colonoscopic biopsy specimens cultured with and without PNA. RESULTS Unstimulated CCPR was greater in patients with ulcerative colitis than in patients with histologically normal colon. PNA (25 micrograms/mL) produced a 25% average increase in CCPR in tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colonic polyps. In ulcerative colitic biopsy specimens incubated with PNA, CCPR increased to more than double that of unstimulated normal colonic epithelium. In controls, the response to PNA was greater when adjacent specimens were positive for PNA (avidin-biotin) histochemistry than when they were negative. Mucus synthesis was increased by an average 75% over 24 hours by PNA. CONCLUSIONS Increased TF expression by premalignant epithelia may allow stimulation of proliferation by dietary galactose N-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectins. If the hyperplasia-dysplasia cancer hypothesis is correct, this could explain the increased colon cancer risk in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ryder
- Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, England
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Altered lectin binding is common in malignant and premalignant epithelia, but its functional significance is unclear. This study examined the proliferative effects of four lectins on HT29 and Caco2 colon cancer cells. METHODS Proliferation was assessed in log growth and confluent culture by thymidine incorporation and cell counts. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding was characterized by Scatchard analysis and electrophoresis of lectin affinity-purified cell surface-radiolabeled preparations. RESULTS PNA, 5 micrograms/mL, increased thymidine incorporation in HT29 but had no effect on Caco2. Wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A stimulated proliferation slightly at 0.5-1.0 microgram/mL but were inhibitory at higher concentrations. Ulex europaeus 1 had no significant effect. Similar results were obtained when proliferation was assessed by cell counts and with confluent cell cultures. Scatchard analysis with both cell lines showed multisite best fit models with similar binding affinities. Three PNA-binding glycoproteins were identified in both cell lines, but two were of lower molecular weight in HT29 than in Caco2. Membrane preparations from a resected colorectal cancer contained a 30-kilodalton PNA-binding glycoprotein similar to that in HT29 cells. CONCLUSIONS Lectins are plentiful in the normal diet and often escape digestion. This study suggests that altered expression of lectin receptors, particularly the upregulation of PNA receptor seen in colonic malignancy and hyperplasia, may have an important role in growth modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ryder
- Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, England
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Milton JD, Eccleston D, Parker N, Raouf A, Cubbin C, Hoffman J, Hart CA, Rhodes JM. Distribution of O-acetylated sialomucin in the normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract shown by a new monoclonal antibody. J Clin Pathol 1993; 46:323-9. [PMID: 8496389 PMCID: PMC501212 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.46.4.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To produce and characterise a monoclonal antibody specific for O-acetylated sialomucin and to assess its use in immunohistochemistry on a panel of normal and diseased intestinal tissue samples. METHODS Mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed following immunisation with highly purified human colonic mucin. One of these (MMM-17) showed strong binding to mucin throughout the normal colon with relative lack of binding to colon cancer tissue. The binding epitope of MMM-17 was then characterised by screening for agglutination activity against a panel of human and animal erythrocytes and by assessment of its binding to a range of normal and chemically treated slot blotted mucins. Further immunohistochemical studies were then performed on formalin fixed, normal, and diseased human intestinal samples. RESULTS Binding of MMM-17 to slot blotted human colonic mucin was reduced by 38 (SD 14%) (n = 4) by alkali treatment of the mucin, sequential alkali and sialidase treatment completely abolished binding. Sialidase treatment alone, however, caused only an 11 (11%) reduction in binding. MMM-17 failed to agglutinate any human, rabbit, rat or mouse erythrocytes. These findings were compatible with specificity of MMM-17 for sialomucins O-acetylated at the C-7 or C-8 positions on the sialic acid. Strong staining by MMM-17 was found in all goblet cells throughout all 40 normal colonic and rectal samples studied, but staining was absent in seven of 13 colorectal carcinomas. Normal duodenum (n = 16) and normal ileum (n = 3) all showed occasional positive goblet cells. The normal gastric antral mucosa was generally negative B MMM-17, but in all of 15 cases of gastritis with intestinal metaplasia the metaplastic glands were strongly positive for MMM-17. CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibody MMM-17 has specificity for O-acetylated sialomucins and its binding depends both on the position of O-acetylation and on the adjacent oligosaccharide structure. Preliminary studies using the antibody on archival tissue samples support the previous reports of reduced O-acetylation in colon cancer demonstrated by indirect histochemistry and show the neo-formation of O-acetylated sialomucin in intestinal metaplasia in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Milton
- Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool
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Parker N, Finnie IA, Raouf AH, Ryder SD, Campbell BJ, Tsai HH, Iddon D, Milton JD, Rhodes JM. High performance gel filtration using monodisperse highly cross-linked agarose as a one-step system for mucin purification. Biomed Chromatogr 1993; 7:68-74. [PMID: 8485376 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
High performance gel filtration on monodisperse cross-linked agarose (Superose 6) has been assessed as a system for purification of mucus glycoproteins. Comparison with the conventional two-step purification of mucus glycoprotein by Sepharose CL4B gel filtration followed by caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation shows that purification by high performance gel filtration is at least as thorough, yielding mucin that is free from non-mucin glycoproteins as defined by buoyant density, mobility on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and absence of Concanavalin A binding (mannose-containing) material. This technique allows mucus glycoprotein to be purified from lyophilized crude mucin in 120 min compared with approximately 72 h using the conventional techniques. This makes the comparative study of mucus glycoprotein changes in disease states much more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parker
- University Department of Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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MacFarlane M, Schofield M, Parker N, Roelandt L, David M, Lock EA, King LJ, Goldfarb PS, Gibson GG. Dose-dependent induction or depression of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase in rat kidney by N-acetyl-S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl)-L-cysteine. Toxicology 1993; 77:133-44. [PMID: 8442009 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(93)90144-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of N-acetyl-S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl)-L-cysteine (NAc-PCBD) on cysteine conjugate beta-lyase in female rat kidney has been examined. After a single, non-nephrotoxic dose of NAc-PCBD (3 mg/kg), cytosolic beta-lyase enzyme activity was increased 1.5 to 3-fold commensurate with a corresponding increase in enzyme protein levels as assessed by both Western blot and ELISA analyses. Using a cDNA probe for beta-lyase, this induction was found to be accompanied by an increase in the cognate mRNA. In contrast, a higher, nephrotoxic dose of NAc-PCBD (10 mg/kg) decreased all the above parameters. These effects appeared to be specific to the cytosolic form of the enzyme as no changes in kidney mitochondrial beta-lyase or enzyme protein levels were observed. Repeated dosing with the lower dose level (3 mg/kg) resulted in either no change, or in some instances, a reduction in the above parameters, suggesting an accumulation of the xenobiotic and a masking of the induction phenomenon. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are discussed in terms of the nephrotoxicity of halogenated xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M MacFarlane
- Molecular Toxicology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Raouf AH, Tsai HH, Parker N, Hoffman J, Walker RJ, Rhodes JM. Sulphation of colonic and rectal mucin in inflammatory bowel disease: reduced sulphation of rectal mucus in ulcerative colitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 83:623-6. [PMID: 1335401 DOI: 10.1042/cs0830623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Normal colonic mucin is heavily sulphated and this increases its resistance to degradation by bacterial enzymes. Any defect in mucus sulphation could therefore be important in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. 2. Rectal biopsies taken at colonoscopy from patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 9), patients with Crohn's disease (n = 6) and control subjects (n = 16) were cultured for 24 h in the presence of N-[3H]acetylglucosamine and [35S]sulphate. Mucin was then extracted and purified, and the ratio of [35S]sulphate to N-[3H]acetylglucosamine incorporated into pure mucin was assessed. 3. The ratio of [35S]sulphate to N-[3H]acetylglucosamine incorporated into mucin was significantly reduced in rectal biopsies taken from patients with ulcerative colitis (0.463, 0.305-0.703, geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals) compared with control subjects (0.857, 0.959-1.111, P < 0.01). In patients with Crohn's disease the reduction in this ratio (0.559, 0.378-0.829) did not quite reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). There was no difference between the ratio of [35S]sulphate to N-[3H]acetylglucosamine incorporated into mucin in Crohn's disease and that in ulcerative colitis (P = 0.26). 4. In control subjects the ratio of [35S]sulphate to N-[3H]acetylglucosamine incorporated into mucin was higher in the rectal biopsies (0.882, 0.618-1.022) than in their paired proximal colonic biopsies (0.602, 0.421-0.861; P < 0.01), but this regional variation was not observed in either ulcerative colitis (rectum: 0.450, 0.262-0.773; right colon: 0.470, 0.321-0.690, P = 0.3) or Crohn's disease (rectum: 0.459, 0.260-0.815; right colon: 0.492, 0.260-0.929, P = 0.8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Raouf
- University Department of Medicine, Liverpool, U.K
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