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Mohamed OS, Abdel Baky NA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Najjar AH. Lactoferrin alleviates cyclophosphamide induced-nephropathy through suppressing the orchestration between Wnt4/β-catenin and ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling and modulating klotho and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 319:121528. [PMID: 36828132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with vast arrays of therapeutic activity. Currently, its medical use is limited due to its numerous adverse events, including nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to follow the molecular mechanisms behind the potential renoprotective action of lactoferrin (LF) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced renal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS For fulfillment of our aim, Spragw-Dwaly rats were orally administrated LF (300 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (150 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS Treatment of CP-injured rats with LF significantly reduced the elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), markedly upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling with consequent increase in renal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decrease in renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, LF treatment significantly reduced the elevated renal p-ERK1/2 expression, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels in CP-treated animals. Interestingly, LF treatment downregulated Wnt4/β-catenin signaling and increased both renal klotho gene expression and serum klotho level. Furthermore, LF treatment reduced apoptosis in kidney tissue via suppressing GSK-3β expression and modulating caspase-3 and Bcl2 levels. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue confirmed the protective effect of LF against CP-induced renal injury. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings document the renoprotective effect of LF against CP-induced nephropathy, which may be mediated via suppressing ERK1/2/ NF-κB and Wnt4/β-catenin trajectories and enhancing klotho expression and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola S Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya H Al-Najjar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel Baky NA, Al-Najjar AH, Elariny HA, Sallam AS, Mohammed AA. Pramipexole and Lactoferrin ameliorate Cyclophosphamide-Induced haemorrhagic cystitis via targeting Sphk1/S1P/MAPK, TLR-4/NF-κB, and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signalling pathways and modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Youssef NS, Elzatony AS, Abdel Baky NA. Diacerein attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ER stress and apoptosis: Impact on the crosstalk between SphK1/S1P, TLR4/NFκB/STAT3, and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways. Life Sci 2022; 308:120915. [PMID: 36055546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical problem with high mortality rate and limited treatments or preventive options that represents a major challenge for clinicians. Diacerein (DIA) is a multi-target anthraquinone derivative with potent anti-inflammatory action. The aim of this study is to assess the protective effect of DIA and its potential molecular targets against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administrated DIA (50 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS DIA mitigated oxidative lung injury in LPS-challenged rats via significantly decreasing lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, inflammatory cells infiltration, and lipid peroxidation, with concomitant elevation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in lung tissue. Likewise, DIA alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress and markedly halted inflammation triggered by LPS challenge in pulmonary tissue by suppressing NLRP3/IL-1β and TLR4/NF-κB signaling with parallel decrease in proinflammatory cytokine levels. Interestingly, DIA down regulated Sphk1/S1P axis, reduced GSK-3β and STAT3 proteins expression, and markedly decreased caspase-3 besides increasing Bcl-2 levels in lung tissue of LPS-challenged animals. These biochemical findings was simultaneously associated with marked improvement in histological alterations of lung tissue. SIGNIFICANCE These findings verify the protective effect of DIA against LPS-induced ALI through targeting oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Importantly, DIA halted the hyperinflammatory state triggered by LPS via multi-faceted inhibitory effect on different signaling pathways, hence DIA could potentially reduce mortality in patients with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Salah Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Sameer Elzatony
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gbr AA, Abdel Baky NA, Mohamed EA, Zaky HS. Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone and curcumin against diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: impact on CaMKII/NF-κB/TGF-β1 and PPAR-γ signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:349-360. [PMID: 32984914 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients, which is currently without available specific treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of pioglitazone (Pio) and curcumin (Cur) against DCM in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with pointing to their role on Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. Diabetes was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by administration of single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (52.5 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were administered either Pio (20 mg/kg/day) or Cur (100 mg/kg/day) orally for 6 weeks. Treatment with Pio and/or Cur markedly reduced serum cardiac injury markers and lipid profile markers in diabetic animals. Additionally, Pio and/or Cur treatment mitigated oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic rats as evident from the significant suppression in myocardial lipid peroxidation and tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) level, with concomitant significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and improvement in histopathological architecture of heart tissue. Pio/Cur treatment protocol accomplished its cardioprotective effect by depressing cardiac CaMKII/NF-κB signaling accompanied by enhancement in PPAR-γ expression. Conclusively, these findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pio/Cur regimen in alleviating DCM in T1DM through modulation of CaMKII and PPAR-γ expression. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Gbr
- Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
| | - Heba S Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
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Abdelsamia EM, Khaleel SA, Balah A, Abdel Baky NA. Curcumin augments the cardioprotective effect of metformin in an experimental model of type I diabetes mellitus; Impact of Nrf2/HO-1 and JAK/STAT pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2136-2144. [PMID: 30551471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs. A recent clinical study has highlighted the protective role of metformin against cardiac complications in type I diabetes. Curcumin is a natural compound with well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to investigate the possible role of curcumin in potentiating metformin`s putative effects. Rats received single injection of 52.5 mg/kg streptozocin and the diabetic rats were treated with metformin (200 mg/kg/day), curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) and their combination for 6 weeks. Diabetic rats showed degenerated myocardium as well as significant increase in Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin I and TGF-β1 levels. In addition, cardiac levels of lipid peroxidation, IL-6, and NF-κB were significantly elevated. Although treatment with metformin restored most of the measured parameters, it showed insignificant improvement in histopathological architecture accompanied by absence of antioxidant effect. Interestingly, concomitant administration of curcumin along with metformin revealed more protection than metformin alone. Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway seems to be among the mechanisms mediating the effects of curcumin and metformin. The findings of this study highlight the benefits of metformin/curcumin combination in preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Abdelsamia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Khaleel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany Balah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Al-Rasheed NM, Fadda LM, Ali HM, Abdel Baky NA, El-Orabi NF, Al-Rasheed NM, Yacoub HI. New mechanism in the modulation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats using different natural antioxidants. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:243-50. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1159769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bin-Dayel AF, Abdel Baky NA, Fadda LM, Mohammad RA, Al-Mohanna F. Effect of aliskiren and carvedilol on expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ-subunit isoforms in cardiac hypertrophy rat model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:122-31. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1128035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Fahad Bin-Dayel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Nayira A. Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt,
| | - L. M. Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Raeesa A. Mohammad
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
| | - Futwan Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Rasheed NM, Faddah LM, Mohamed AM, Abdel Baky NA, Al-Rasheed NM, Mohammad RA. Potential impact of quercetin and idebenone against immuno- inflammatory and oxidative renal damage induced in rats by titanium dioxide nanoparticles toxicity. J Oleo Sci 2014; 62:961-71. [PMID: 24200945 DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic impacts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) on rat kidneys and the possible prophylactic role of either quercetin or idebenone. TiO₂-NPs were administered orally at either 600 mg or 1 g/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days to evaluate dose-dependent toxicity referred to the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. The results showed that administration of either low or high repeated doses of TiO₂-NPs to rats significantly increases serum kideney function biomarkers (urea, creatinine and uric acid) as well as increases in serum glucose and serum immuno- inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobin g (IGg), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, angiogenic factor) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in renal GSH content versus normal control values. The increase in these biomarkers was more evident in rats intoxicated with high TiO₂-NPs repeated doses. Oral co- administration of either quercetin or idebenone (each 200mg/Kg body weight) daily for three weeks to rats intoxicated by either of the two doses markedly ameliorated TiO₂-NPs induced alteration in the above biomarkers. The prophylactic impacts of both agents on biochemical markers were more pronounced in rats received low TiO₂-NPs repeated doses. The biochemical investigation was supported by histological examination. In conclusion, The data showed the severity in renotoxicity of TiO₂-NPs was dose-dependent and the protective effect of quercetin and idebenone may be related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Baky NAA, Faddah LM, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Fatani AJ. Induction of inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis in rat heart after oral exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles and the cardioprotective role of α-lipoic acid and vitamin E. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:228-36. [PMID: 23532625 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are being used on a wide scale in the world consumer market, their potential hazards on humans remain largely unknown. The present study was aimed at investigating the oral toxicity of ZnO-NP in 2 dose regimen (600 mg/kg and 1 g/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days) in rats. In addition, the protective role of either α-lipoic acid (Lipo) or vitamin E (Vit E) against this cardiotoxic effect of ZnO-NPs was assessed. Results revealed that, co-administration of Lipo (200 mg/Kg body weight) or Vit E (100 mg/Kg body weight) daily for 3 weeks to rats intoxicated with ZnO-NPs (in either of the 2 dose regimen) significantly ameliorated the cardiotoxic effect of these nanoparticles. As, both agents significantly reduced the increase in serum cardiac injury markers including troponin-T, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin. Additionally, Lipo and Vit E significantly decreased the increase in serum pro-inflammatory biomarkers level including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Moreover, either of the 2 used agents successfully alleviated the alteration in nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ZnO-NPs in sera of intoxicated group. They also significantly reduced the increase in cardiac calcium concentration and the consequent oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, as well as the increase in cardiac caspase-3 activity of intoxicated rats. Conclusively, these results indicate that early treatment with either α-lipoic acid or vitamin E may offer protection against cardiac tissue injury induced by the deleterious toxic impacts of ZnO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A A Baky
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.
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Radwan MA, Baky NAA, Zaghloul I, Aboul-Enein HY. Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effect of etoricoxib in the absence or presence of St. John's Wort in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 2012; 62:313-318. [PMID: 22549240 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chronic administration of etoricoxib (EXB), in the absence or presence of St. John's Wort (SJW), on its pharmacokinetic parameters and blood pressure was investigated in rats.Rats were divided into 3 groups, each group received daily different oral treatment for 3 weeks. Rats' blood pressures were monitored initially, after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment, and after 1 week of discontinuing dosing of both drugs. EXB pharmacokinetic parameters in the absence or presence of SJW were calculated after 3 weeks.SJW was significantly affected EXB pharmacokinetic parameters. The steady state peak plasma concentration and terminal half-life were reduced by 32% and 91%, respectively, due to a > 3 fold increase in its apparent clearance which is a concentration and time dependent effect. EXB was significantly increased (P<0.001) Rats' blood pressure while, co-administration of EXB and SJW was not significantly affect (P>0.05) rats' blood pressure as compared to the control.Monitoring blood pressure of patients anticipated taking EXB for extended period should be advised. The co-administration of SJW with EXB should be avoided since SJW would greatly reduce EXB concentrations by inducing its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Radwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Princess Noura Bint Abdelrahman, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Faddah LM, Baky NAA, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Fatani AJ, Atteya M. Role of quercetin and arginine in ameliorating nano zinc oxide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:60. [PMID: 22551254 PMCID: PMC3437213 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles are small-scale substances (<100 nm) with unique properties. Therefore, nanoparticles pose complex health risk implications. The objective of this study was to detect whether treatment with quercetin (Qur) and/or arginine (Arg) ameliorated nephrotoxicity induced by two different doses of nano zinc oxide (n-ZnO) particles. METHOD ZnO nanoparticles were administered orally in two doses (either 600 mg or 1 g/Kg body weight/day for 5 conscutive days) to Wister albino rats. In order to detect the protective effects of the studied antioxidants against n-ZnO induced nepherotoxicity, different biochemical parameters were investigated. Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney tissue was performed. RESULTS Nano zinc oxide-induced nephrotoxicity was confirmed by the elevation in serum inflammatory markers including: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6); and C-reactive protein (CRP). Moreover, immunoglobulin (IGg), vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased in rat serum. Serum urea and creatinine levels were also significantly increased in rats intoxicated with n-ZnO particles compared with the control group. Additionally, a significant decrease in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) was shown in kidney tissues and serum glucose levels were increased. These biochemical findings were supported by a histopathological examination of kidney tissues, which showed that in the animals that received a high dose of n-ZnO, numerous kidney glomeruli underwent atrophy and fragmentation. Moreover, the renal tubules showed epithelial desquamation, degeneration and necrosis. Some renal tubules showed casts in their lumina. Severe congestion was also observed in renal interstitium. These effects were dose dependent. Cotreatment of rats with Qur and/or Arg along with n-ZnO significantly improved most of the deviated tested parameters. CONCLUSIONS The data show that Qur has a beneficial effect against n-ZnO oxidative stress and related vascular complications. Also, its combination with Arg proved to be even more effective in ameliorating nano zinc oxide nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila M Faddah
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal J Fatani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atteya
- Anatomy Department and Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel Baky NA, Zaidi ZF, Fatani AJ, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Yaqub H. Nitric oxide pros and cons: The role of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, and idebenone, a coenzyme-Q analogue in ameliorating cerebral hypoxia in rat. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:49-56. [PMID: 20637840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence exists that nitric oxide (NO) may mediate both protective and pathological responses during brain hypoxia (HP). Reactive oxygen species have also been implicated in the pathophysiological response of the brain tissues to HP. Therefore, this study investigated whether a NO precursor, l-arginine (l-arg), a free radical scavenger, idebenone (ID), and their combination would reduce neurological injury resulting from hemic hypoxia (HP) in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats were injected with sodium nitrite (60 mg/kg, s.c.) to establish hemic hypoxia. ID (100 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and/or l-arg (100 mg kg(-1), i.p.) were administrated 24 and 1h prior to sodium nitrite intoxication, respectively. Hypoxia significantly decreased hemoglobin concentration, while significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), total nitrate/nitrite, sialic, and uric acids concentrations. Moreover, brain lipid peroxides were significantly enhanced, while reduced glutathione, l-ascorbic acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly reduced in the brain tissue. Pretreatment with either ID or l-arg altered the majority of the above-mentioned biochemical changes in hypoxic rats. Additionally, the combination of these two agents significantly reduced injury marker enzyme activities as well as serum sialic, and uric acids level (P>0.05 vs. control). Moreover, this combination exerted a synergistic antioxidant effect by blocking the induction of lipid peroxidation, preserving brain energy (ATP) content, and greatly reducing the hypoxic alterations in brain enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Histopathological examination of the brain tissue supported these biochemical findings. This study showed that ID and l-arg were capable of reducing neurological injury following HP in rat, and support the idea of the usefulness of l-arg and ID as prophylaxis from hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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