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El Chammah S, Allenbach G, Jumeau R, Boughdad S, Prior J, Nicod Lalonde M, Schaefer N, Meyer M. PH-0606 18F-FDG hippocampal metabolic preservation following hippocampal-sparing PCI in SCLC patients. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Delage JA, Faivre-Chauvet A, Fierle JK, Gnesin S, Schaefer N, Coukos G, Dunn SM, Viertl D, Prior JO. 177Lu radiolabeling and preclinical theranostic study of 1C1m-Fc: an anti-TEM-1 scFv-Fc fusion protein in soft tissue sarcoma. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:98. [PMID: 32804276 PMCID: PMC7431510 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TEM-1 (tumor endothelial marker-1) is a single-pass transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein expressed at high levels by tumor vasculature and malignant cells. We aimed to perform a preclinical investigation of a novel anti-TEM-1 scFv-Fc fusion antibody, 1C1m-Fc, which was radiolabeled with 177Lu for use in soft tissue sarcomas models. METHODS 1C1m-Fc was first conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-DOTA using different excess molar ratios and labeled with 177Lu. To determine radiolabeled antibody immunoreactivity, Lindmo assays were performed. The in vivo behavior of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc was characterized in mice bearing TEM-1 positive (SK-N-AS) and negative (HT-1080) tumors by biodistribution and single-photon emission SPECT/CT imaging studies. Estimated organ absorbed doses were obtained based on biodistribution results. RESULTS The DOTA conjugation and the labeling with 177Lu were successful with a radiochemical purity of up to 95%. Immunoreactivity after radiolabeling was 86% ± 4%. Biodistribution showed a specific uptake in TEM-1 positive tumor versus liver as critical non-specific healthy organ, and this specificity is correlated to the number of chelates per antibody. A 1.9-fold higher signal at 72 h was observed in SPECT/CT imaging in TEM-1 positive tumors versus control tumors. CONCLUSION TEM-1 is a promising target that could allow a theranostic approach to soft-tissue sarcoma, and 1C1m-Fc appears to be a suitable targeting candidate. In this study, we observed the influence of the ratio DOTA/antibody on the biodistribution. The next step will be to investigate the best conjugation to achieve an optimal tumor-to-organ radioactivity ratio and to perform therapy in murine xenograft models as a prelude to future translation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Delage
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Faivre-Chauvet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J K Fierle
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S M Dunn
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Viertl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Schaefer N, Li X, Seibold MA, Jarjour NN, Denlinger LC, Castro M, Coverstone AM, Teague WG, Boomer J, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Moore WC, Hawkins GA, Fahy J, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Dakhama A, Gellatly S, Pavelka N, Berman R, Di YP, Wenzel SE, Chu HW. The effect of BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 genetic variation on its expression and function in asthmatic airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127237. [PMID: 30996135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial permeability family member A1 (BPIFA1), also known as short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1), is a protein involved in the antiinflammatory response. The goal of this study was to determine whether BPIFA1 expression in asthmatic airways is regulated by genetic variations, altering epithelial responses to type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-13). Nasal epithelial cells from patients with mild to severe asthma were collected from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program centers, genotyped for rs750064, and measured for BPIFA1. To determine the function of rs750064, cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with IL-13 with or without recombinant human BPIFA1 (rhBPIFA1). Noncultured nasal cells with the rs750064 CC genotype had significantly less BPIFA1 mRNA expression than the CT and TT genotypes. Cultured CC versus CT and TT cells without stimulation maintained less BPIFA1 expression. With IL-13 treatment, CC genotype cells secreted more eotaxin-3 than CT and TT genotype cells. Also, rhBPIFA1 reduced IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3. BPIFA1 mRNA levels negatively correlated with serum IgE and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Baseline FEV1% levels were lower in the asthma patients with the CC genotype (n = 1,016). Our data suggest that less BPIFA1 in asthma patients with the CC allele may predispose them to greater eosinophilic inflammation, which could be attenuated by rhBPIFA1 protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingnan Li
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mario Castro
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Boomer
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy C Moore
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John Fahy
- UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - David T Mauger
- Pennsylvania State University, Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Y Peter Di
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ito Y, Schaefer N, Sanchez A, Francisco D, Alam R, Martin RJ, Ledford JG, Stevenson C, Jiang D, Li L, Kraft M, Chu HW. Toll-Interacting Protein, Tollip, Inhibits IL-13-Mediated Pulmonary Eosinophilic Inflammation in Mice. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:106-118. [PMID: 29393212 DOI: 10.1159/000485850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a key negative regulator of innate immunity by preventing excessive proinflammatory responses. Tollip genetic variation has been associated with airflow limitation in asthma subjects and Tollip expression. Whether Tollip regulates lung inflammation in a type 2 cytokine milieu (e.g., IL-13) is unclear. Our goal was to determine the in vivo role of Tollip in IL-13-mediated lung eosinophilic inflammation and the underlying mechanisms. Tollip-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were inoculated intranasally with recombinant mouse IL-13 protein to examine lung inflammation. To determine how Tollip regulates inflammation, alveolar macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages from Tollip KO and WT mice were cultured with or without IL-13 and/or IL-33. IL-13-treated Tollip KO mice significantly increased lung eosinophilic inflammation and eotaxin-2 (CCL24) levels compared with the WT mice. IL-13- treated Tollip KO (vs. WT) macrophages, in the absence and particularly in the presence of IL-33, increased expression of the IL-33 receptor ST2L and CCL24, which was in part dependent on enhanced activation of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Our results suggest that Tollip downregulates IL-13-mediated pulmonary eosinophilia in part through inhibiting the activity of the ST2L/IL-33/IRAK1 axis and STAT6.
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Abstract
Air-liquid interface culture enables airway epithelial cells to differentiate into a pseudostratified cell layer, consisting of ciliated cells, goblet/secretory cells, and basal cells (Ghio et al., Part Fibre Toxicol 10:25, 2013). This technique is critically important for in vitro studies of lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis, since differentiated airway epithelial cells are more representative of the in vivo lung environment than non-differentiated cells (Derichs et al., FASEB J 25:2325-2332, 2011; Hackett et al., Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 45:1090-1100, 2011;Schneider et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182: 332-340, 2010). Here we describe the process of isolating and expanding human and mouse airway epithelial cells, as well as differentiation of airway epithelial cells by air-liquid interface culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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Ni K, Umair Mukhtar Mian M, Meador C, Gill A, Barwinska D, Cao D, Justice MJ, Jiang D, Schaefer N, Schweitzer KS, Chu HW, March KL, Petrache I. Oncostatin M and TNF-α Induce Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Production in Undifferentiated Adipose Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1468-1476. [PMID: 28825379 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), a circulating acute-phase reactant antiprotease, is produced and secreted by cells of endodermal epithelial origin, primarily hepatocytes, and by immune cells. Deficiency of A1AT is associated with increased risk of excessive lung inflammation and injury, especially following chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Exogenous administration of mesenchymal progenitor cells, including adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), alleviates CS-induced lung injury through paracrine effectors such as growth factors. It is unknown, however, if mesodermal ASC can secrete functional A1AT and if CS exposure affects their A1AT production. Human ASC collected via liposuction from nonsmoking or smoking donors were stimulated by inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), oncostatin M (OSM), and/or dexamethasone (DEX) or were exposed to sublethal concentrations of ambient air control or CS extract (0.5%-2%). We detected minimal expression and secretion of A1AT by cultured ASC during unstimulated conditions, which significantly increased following stimulation with TNFα or OSM. Furthermore, TNFα and OSM synergistically enhanced A1AT expression and secretion, which were further increased by DEX. The A1AT transcript variant produced by stimulated ASC resembled that produced by bronchial epithelial cells rather than the variant produced by monocytes/macrophages. While the cigarette smoking status of the ASC donor had no measurable effect on the ability of ASC to induce A1AT expression, active exposure to CS extract markedly reduced A1AT expression and secretion by cultured ASC, as well as human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. ASC-secreted A1AT covalently complexed with neutrophil elastase in control ASC, but not in cells transfected with A1AT siRNA. Undifferentiated ASC may require priming to secrete functional A1AT, a potent antiprotease that may be relevant to stem cell therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ni
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado.,2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Catherine Meador
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Amar Gill
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado
| | - Daria Barwinska
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Danting Cao
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Justice
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Di Jiang
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado
| | - Niccolette Schaefer
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado
| | - Kelly S Schweitzer
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado.,2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado
| | - Keith L March
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,4 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Irina Petrache
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado.,2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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Stevenson C, Jiang D, Schaefer N, Ito Y, Berman R, Sanchez A, Chu HW. MUC18 regulates IL-13-mediated airway inflammatory response. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:691-700. [PMID: 28451734 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of MUC18 on IL-13-mediated airway inflammatory responses in human airway epithelial cells and in mice. MATERIALS Primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells, wild-type (WT) and Muc18 knockout (KO) mice, and mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were utilized. TREATMENT Cultured HTBE cells treated with MUC18 siRNA or MUC18 expressing lentivirus were incubated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Mice were intranasally instilled with 500 ng of IL-13 for 3 days. mTECs were treated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 3 days. METHODS PCR was used to measure mRNA expression. Western Blot and ELISAs were used to quantify protein expression. Cytospins of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were used to obtain leukocyte differentials. RESULTS MUC18 siRNA reduced IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (183 ± 44 vs. 380 ± 59 pg/mL, p < 0.05), while MUC18 overexpression increased IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (95 ± 3 vs. 58 ± 3 pg/mL, p < 0.05) in HTBE cells. IL-13-treated Muc18 KO mice had a lower percentage of neutrophils in BAL than WT mice (25 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3%, p = 0.0565). CONCLUSIONS These results implicate MUC18 as a potential enhancer of airway inflammation in a type 2 cytokine (e.g., IL-13) milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Niccolette Schaefer
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Yoko Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Amelia Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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Jiang D, Matsuda J, Berman R, Schaefer N, Stevenson C, Gross J, Zhang B, Sanchez A, Li L, Chu HW. A novel mouse model of conditional IRAK-M deficiency in myeloid cells: application in lung Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Innate Immun 2017; 23:206-215. [PMID: 28120642 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916684202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells such as macrophages are critical to innate defense against infection. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is a negative regulator of TLR signaling during bacterial infection, but the role of myeloid cell IRAK-M in bacterial infection is unclear. Our goal was to generate a novel conditional knockout mouse model to define the role of myeloid cell IRAK-M during bacterial infection. Myeloid cell-specific IRAK-M knockout mice were generated by crossing IRAK-M floxed mice with LysM-Cre knock-in mice. The resulting LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt and control (LysM-Cre-/IRAK-Mfl/wt) mice were intranasally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). IRAK-M deletion, inflammation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and PA load were measured in leukocytes, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lungs. PA killing assay with BAL fluid was performed to determine mechanisms of IRAK-M-mediated host defense. IRAK-M mRNA and protein levels in alveolar and lung macrophages were significantly reduced in LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mice compared with control mice. Following PA infection, LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mice have enhanced lung neutrophilic inflammation, including MPO activity, but reduced PA load. The increased lung MPO activity in LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mouse BAL fluid reduced PA load. Generation of IRAK-M conditional knockout mice will enable investigators to determine precisely the function of IRAK-M in myeloid cells and other types of cells during infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Matsuda
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Reena Berman
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Connor Stevenson
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James Gross
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amelia Sanchez
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Lentz M, Risse M, Schaefer N, Reimers W, Beyerlein IJ. Strength and ductility with {10͞11} - {10͞12} double twinning in a magnesium alloy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11068. [PMID: 27040648 PMCID: PMC5482718 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on their high specific strength and stiffness, magnesium alloys are attractive for lightweight applications in aerospace and transportation, where weight saving is crucial for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Unfortunately, the ductility of magnesium alloys is usually limited. It is thought that one reason for the lack of ductility is that the development of — double twins (DTW) cause premature failure of magnesium alloys. Here we show with a magnesium alloy containing 4 wt% lithium, that the same impressively large compression failure strains can be achieved with DTWs as without. The DTWs form stably across the microstructure and continuously throughout straining, forming three-dimensional intra-granular networks, a potential strengthening mechanism. We rationalize that relatively easier <c+a> slip characteristic of this alloy plastically relaxed the localized stress concentrations that DTWs can generate. This result may provide key insight and an alternative perspective towards designing formable and strong magnesium alloys. Double twins are thought to lead to premature failure of magnesium alloys. Here, the authors show that a magnesium-lithium alloy achieves the same compression failure strains with double twins as without, potentially generating strengthening through intra-granular networks of double twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lentz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Metallische Werkstoffe, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - M Risse
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Metallische Werkstoffe, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - N Schaefer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energien GmbH, Institute Nano-architectures for Energy Conversion (EE-IN), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - W Reimers
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Metallische Werkstoffe, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - I J Beyerlein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Schaefer N. The Functional Morphology of the Fore-Gut of Three Species of Decapod Crustacea: Cyclograpsus Punctatus Milne-Edwards, Diogenes Brevirostris Stimpson, and Upogebia Africana (Ortmann). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00445096.1970.11447399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pech T, von Websky M, Ohsawa I, Kitamura K, Praktiknjo M, Jafari A, Vilz TO, Wehner S, Abu-Elmagd K, Kalff JC, Schaefer N. Intestinal regeneration, residual function and immunological priming following rescue therapy after rat small bowel transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12 Suppl 4:S9-17. [PMID: 22974463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that recurrent acute cellular rejection (ACR) may trigger chronic rejection and impair outcome after intestinal transplantation. To test this hypothesis and clarify underlying molecular mechanisms, orthotopic/allogenic intestinal transplantation was performed in rats. ACR was allowed to occur in a MHC-disparate combination (BN-LEW) and two rescue strategies (FK506monotherapy vs. FK506+infliximab) were tested against continuous immunosuppression without ACR, with observation for 7/14 and 21 days after transplantation. Both, FK506 and FK506+infliximab rescue therapy reversed ACR and resulted in improved histology and less cellular infiltration. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemotactic mediators in the muscle layer were significantly reduced in FK506 treated groups. Increased levels of CD4, FOXP3 and IL-17 (mRNA) were observed with infliximab. Contractile function improved significantly after FK506 rescue therapy, with a slight benefit from additional infliximab, but did not reach nontransplanted controls. Fibrosis onset was detected in both rescue groups by Sirius-Red staining with concomitant increase of the fibrogenic mediator VEGF. Recovery from ACR could be attained by both rescue therapy regimens, progressing steadily after initiation of immunosuppression. Reversal of ACR, however, resulted in early stage graft fibrosis. Additional infliximab treatment may enhance physiological recovery of the muscle layer and enteric nervous system independent of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pech
- Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
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Pech T, Fujishiro J, Finger T, Ohsawa I, Praktiknjo M, von Websky M, Wehner S, Abu-Elmagd K, Kalff JC, Schaefer N. Perioperative infliximab application has marginal effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury in experimental small bowel transplantation in rats. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 397:131-40. [PMID: 21960137 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-011-0853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to impaired smooth muscle function and inflammatory reactions after intestinal transplantation. In previous studies, infliximab has been shown to effectively protect allogenic intestinal grafts in the early phase after transplantation with resulting improved contractility. This study was designed to reveal protective effects of infliximab on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isogenic transplantation. METHODS Isogenic, orthotopic small bowel transplantation was performed in Lewis rats (3 h cold ischemia). Five groups were defined: non-transplanted animals with no treatment (group 1), isogenic transplanted animals with vehicle treatment (groups 2/3) or with infliximab treatment (5 mg/kg body weight intravenously, directly after reperfusion; groups 4/5). The treated animals were sacrificed after 3 (group 2/4) or 24 h (group 3/5). Histological and immunohistochemical analysis, TUNEL staining, real-time RT-PCR, and contractility measurements in a standard organ bath were used for determination of ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS All transplanted animals showed reduced smooth muscle function, while no significant advantage of infliximab treatment was observed. Reduced infiltration of neutrophils was noted in the early phase in animals treated with infliximab. The structural integrity of the bowel and infiltration of ED1-positive monocytes and macrophages did not improve with infliximab treatment. At 3 h after reperfusion, mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS and MCP-1 displayed increased activation in the infliximab group. CONCLUSION The protective effects of infliximab in the early phase after experimental small bowel transplantation seem to be unrelated to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The promising effects in allogenic transplantation indicate the need for further experiments with infliximab as complementary treatment under standard immunosuppressive therapy. Further experiments should focus on additional infliximab treatment in the setting of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pech
- Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Pech T, Finger T, Fujishiro J, Praktiknjo M, Ohsawa I, Abu-Elmagd K, Limmer A, Hirner A, Kalff JC, Schaefer N. Perioperative infliximab application ameliorates acute rejection associated inflammation after intestinal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:2431-41. [PMID: 20977634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As we have shown in the past, acute rejection-related TNF-α upregulation in resident macrophages in the tunica muscularis after small bowel transplantation (SBTx) results in local amplification of inflammation, decisively contributing to graft dysmotility. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the chimeric-monoclonal-anti-TNF-α antibody infliximab as perioperative single shot treatment addressing inflammatory processes during acute rejection early after transplantation. Orthotopic, isogenic and allogenic SBTx was performed in rats (BN-Lewis/BN-BN) with infliximab treatment. Vehicle and IV-immunoglobulin-treated animals served as controls. Animals were sacrificed after 24 and 168 h. Leukocyte infiltration was investigated in muscularis whole mounts by immunohistochemistry, mediator mRNA expression by Real-Time-RT-PCR, apoptosis by TUNEL and smooth muscle contractility in a standard organ bath. Both, infliximab and Sandoglobulin® revealed antiinflammatory effects. Infliximab resulted in significantly less leukocyte infiltration compared to allogenic controls and IV-immunoglobulin, which was accompanied by lower gene expression of MCP-1 (24 h), IFN-γ (168 h) and infiltration of CD8-positive cells. Smooth muscle contractility improved significantly after 24 h compared to all controls in infliximab treated animals accompanied by lower iNOS expression. Perioperative treatment with infliximab is a possible pharmaceutical approach to overcome graft dysmotility early after SBTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pech
- Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany Division of Intestinal Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Busscher HJ, Jager D, Finger G, Schaefer N, van der Mei HC. Energy transfer, volumetric expansion, and removal of oral biofilms by non-contact brushing. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:177-82. [PMID: 20487007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-contact removal of oral biofilms offers advantages beyond the reach of bristles, but it is unknown how energy transfer for removal from brush-to-biofilm occurs. In the present study we evaluated non-contact, oral biofilm removal by oscillating-rotating and sonic toothbrushes, and their acoustic output up to 6 mm distance. Whereas some brushes removed biofilm when used at a distance of up to 6 mm, others lost efficacy at a distance of 2-4 mm from the biofilm. Loss of efficacy was accompanied with high standard deviations and volumetric biofilm expansion. Both sonic and oscillating-rotating brushes caused fluid flows and the inclusion of air-bubbles, while non-contact acoustic energy-transfer was demonstrated to decay with distance for both types of brushes. We put forward the following mechanism for non-contact removal: (i) brush energy is absorbed by biofilm, resulting in the visco-elastic expansion of the biofilm; (ii) if the energy absorbed is sufficient and deformation is beyond the yield point, biofilm removal occurs; and (iii) if deformation is in the plastic range but below the yield point (i.e. at the limiting distance for non-contact removal), biofilm is expanded but not removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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15
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Fujishiro J, Pech TC, Finger TF, Praktinjo M, Stoffels B, Standop J, Abu-Elmagd K, Tuerler A, Hirner A, Kalff JC, Schaefer N. Influence of immunosuppression on alloresponse, inflammation and contractile function of graft after intestinal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1545-55. [PMID: 20642681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In small bowel transplantation (SBTx), graft manipulation, ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute rejection initiate a severe cellular and molecular inflammatory response in the muscularis propria leading to impaired motility of the graft. This study examined and compared the effect of tacrolimus and sirolimus on inflammation in graft muscularis. After allogeneic orthotopic SBTx, recipient rats were treated with tacrolimus or sirolimus. Tacrolimus and sirolimus attenuated neutrophilic, macrophage and T-cell infiltration in graft muscularis, which was associated with reduced apoptotic cell death. Nonspecific inflammatory mediators (IL-6, MCP-1) and T-cell activation markers (IL-2, IFN-gamma) were highly upregulated in allogeneic control graft muscularis 24 h and 7 days after SBTx, and tacrolimus and sirolimus significantly suppressed upregulation of these mediators. In vitro organ bath method demonstrated a severe decrease in graft smooth muscle contractility in allogeneic control (22% of normal control). Correlating with attenuated upregulation of iNOS, tacrolimus and sirolimus treatment significantly improved contractility (64% and 72%, respectively). Although sirolimus reduced cellular and molecular inflammatory response more efficiently after 24 h, contrary tacrolimus prevented acute rejection more efficiently. In conclusion, tacrolimus and sirolimus attenuate cellular and molecular inflammatory response in graft muscularis and subsequent dysmotility of the graft after allogeneic SBTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fujishiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Germany
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16
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Overhaus M, Schaefer N, Hirner A, Kalff JC, Tolba RH. Influence of temporary abdominal wall repair on the intestinal integrity: an experimental study in the rat. Eur Surg Res 2007; 40:55-60. [PMID: 17921674 DOI: 10.1159/000109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to analyze intestinal integrity after temporary abdominal wall repair with absorbable mesh. METHODS Rats underwent abdominal wall repair with absorbable mesh or sham operation. Myeloperoxidase-positive cells in the intestinal muscularis were histochemically quantified. Intestinal transit was visualized 48 h after surgery. Local and systemic inflammatory response was measured with TNF-alpha and IL-6 ELISA as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) expression in serum and peritoneal fluid. RESULTS Neutrophil count of the intestinal muscularis revealed that infiltration in the mesh-implanted and in the mesh-free animals 48 h postoperatively was similar. Gastrointestinal transit was similarly unaffected 48 h after surgery, with or without mesh implantation. TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MDA concentration in serum and peritoneal fluid showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION Intestinal contractility and local and systemic inflammatory response remained unaffected. Therefore, absorbable mesh augmentation is a safe and reliable method for temporary repair of the abdominal wall without affecting the intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Overhaus
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Schaefer N, Tahara K, Schmidt J, Wehner S, Kalff JC, Abu-Elmagd K, Hirner A, Türler A. Resident macrophages are involved in intestinal transplantation-associated inflammation and motoric dysfunction of the graft muscularis. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1062-70. [PMID: 17359514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gut manipulation and ischemia/reperfusion evoke an inflammatory response within the intestinal muscularis that contributes to dysmotility. We hypothesize that resident macrophages play a key role in initiating the inflammatory cascade. Isogenic small bowel transplantation was performed in Lewis rats. The impact of recovery of organs on muscularis inflammation was investigated by comparing cold whole-body perfusion after versus prior to recovery. The role of macrophages was investigated by transplantation of macrophage-depleted gut. Leukocytes were counted using muscularis whole mounts. Mediator expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Contractility was assessed in a standard organ bath. Both organ recovery and ischemia/reperfusion induced leukocyte recruitment and a significant upregulation in IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and iNOS mRNAs. Although organ recovery in cold ischemia prevented early gene expression, peak expression was not changed by modification of the recovery technique. Compared to controls, transplanted animals showed a 65% decrease in smooth muscle contractility. In contrast, transplanted macrophage-depleted isografts exhibited significant less leukocyte infiltration and only a 19% decrease in contractile activity. In summary, intestinal manipulation during recovery of organs initiates a functionally relevant inflammatory response within the intestinal muscularis that is massively intensified by the ischemia reperfusion injury. Resident muscularis macrophages participate in initiating this inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schaefer
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
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18
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Sinning C, Schaefer N, Standop J, Hirner A, Wolff M. Gastric stump carcinoma - epidemiology and current concepts in pathogenesis and treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 33:133-9. [PMID: 17071041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this article is to review the aetiology, pathology and treatment of gastric stump carcinoma (GSC). GSC is an uncommon tumour; however, the incidence is not declining, so this tumour entity will be encountered in the years to come. METHODS The electronic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE database to identify relevant studies concerning epidemiology, prognosis, treatment, aetiology and pathology of GSC. The references reported in these studies were used to complete the literature search. RESULTS Patients subjected to distal gastric resection have a 4-7-fold increased risk of developing GSC, which is attributed mainly to gastroduodenal reflux. Denervation during partial gastrectomy may also contribute to the risk of developing GSC. Gastroduodenal ulcers were the main reason for partial gastrectomy. Both ulcer locations have an increased risk of developing GSC after 20 years. In GSC, Helicobacter pylori seems not to be an important risk factor, contrary to primary gastric cancer, because gastroduodenal reflux impairs the growth of Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSION The treatment of choice for GSC should be the total removal of the gastric remnant including at least D2 lymphadenectomy. The pattern of lymph node metastases in GSC may differ from primary gastric cancer, as lymph node metastases have been reported in the jejunal mesentery and the lower mediastinum. Therefore, GSC may require a modified lymphadenectomy to include all important lymph node stations. After radical remnant gastrectomy, GSC has a prognosis not different from primary proximal gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sinning
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn D-53105, Germany
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19
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Schaefer N, Tahara K, Websky MV, Kalff JC, Hirner A, Türler A. Acute Rejection in Allogeneic Rodent Small Bowel Transplantation Causes Smooth Muscle Dysfunction via an Inflammatory Response Within the Intestinal Muscularis. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1792-3. [PMID: 16908282 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isogeneic intestinal transplantation elicits an inflammatory response within the intestinal muscularis that is associated with dysmotility. Usually the inflammation and the postoperative motor dysfunction resolve within a few days after small bowel transplantation (SBTx). However, the onset of acute rejection in allogeneic SBTx is again associated with dysmotility. We hypothesized that dysmotility during acute rejection is based on coexpression of kinetically active mediators by the alloreactive leucocyte infiltrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat SBTx (BN to Lew and BN to BN) was performed without immunosuppression. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 7 days after SBTx. Leukocyte infiltration was investigated in muscularis whole mounts by immunohistochemistry. Mediator mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Muscle contractility was assessed in a standard organ bath. RESULTS Transplanted animals showed a significant inflammatory response within the muscularis at day 1 after SBTx. However, allogeneic transplanted animals exhibited a significant second inflammatory peak at day 7 (mRNA induction: iNOS 150-fold; tumor necrosis factor-alpha 18-fold; interferon-gamma 397-fold), parallel to the onset of rejection. This change was associated with a significant leukocyte infiltration. Compared to controls, allogeneic transplanted animals showed a 29% decrease in smooth muscle contractility on days 1 and 4 and a 71% decrease of contractility on postoperative day 7. CONCLUSIONS The motor dysfunction of transplanted small bowel during acute rejection is associated with an inflammatory reaction in the intestinal muscularis. The initial unspecific inflammation process immediately after transplantation is reactivated and intensified during acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schaefer
- Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Schaefer N, Tahara K, Schmidt J, Zobel S, Kalff JC, Hirner A, Türler A. Mechanism and Impact of Organ Harvesting and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Within the Graft Muscularis in Rat Small Bowel Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1821-2. [PMID: 16908292 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory events within the gut muscularis contribute to dysmotility. We hypothesized that manipulation during organ harvesting initiated an inflammatory response via muscularis macrophages and that this cascade was amplified during reperfusion. METHODS Small bowel transplantation was performed in Lewis rats. To investigate the impact of organ harvesting on muscularis inflammation, cold whole-body perfusion was performed after versus prior to organ harvesting. The role of macrophages was investigated by transplantation of the macrophage-depleted gut. Leukocyte infiltration was investigated in muscularis whole mounts. Mediator mRNA expression was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Contractility was assessed in a standard organ bath. RESULTS Organ harvesting and ischemia-reperfusion induced leukocyte recruitment and mRNA upregulation in the muscularis: interleukin-6 12217-fold, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 62-fold, ICAM-1 12-fold, cyclooxygenase-2: 8-fold, iNOS: 150-fold. Although organ harvesting with cold ischemia prevented early gene expression, peak expression at 3-hour reperfusion was not changed by modification of the harvesting technique. Compared to controls, transplanted animals showed a 63% decrease in smooth muscle contractility. In contrast, transplanted macrophage-depleted gut exhibited significantly fewer leukocytes and only a 16% decrease in contractility. CONCLUSIONS Gut manipulation during organ harvesting initiates an inflammatory response within the muscularis that is massively intensified during reperfusion. This change contributes to muscular dysfunction. Furthermore, the results suggested that resident macrophages play a key role in initiating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schaefer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn D-53105, Germany
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21
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Turler A, Schaefer H, Schaefer N, Wagner M, Maintz D, Qiao JC, Hoelscher AH. Experimental low-level direct current therapy in liver metastases: influence of polarity and current dose. Bioelectromagnetics 2000. [PMID: 10899775 DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200007)21:5<395::aid-bem8>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several authors recently reported on the successful local treatment of malignant disease with low-level direct current therapy. However, antitumoral effects in colorectal metastases has not been investigated experimentally. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of this therapy and the influence of polarity and current dose. Colorectal metastases were established in BD IX rats by the injection of colon cancer cells under the liver capsule. After three weeks, the liver tumor volumes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. Low-level direct current therapy was applied via five platinum electrodes. Four different applications were used: 60 C/cm(3), anode at the center; 60 C/cm(3), cathode at the center; 80 C/cm(3), anode at the center; and 80 C/cm(3), cathode at the center. In the control group, five electrodes were placed without applying any direct current. All animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 7. Liver metastases were histologically examined for vital tumor cells. Statistical analysis was performed with chi(2)-test. The mean initial tumor diameter before treatment was 3.6 +/- 1.4 mm (volume: 25.2 +/- 9.7 mm(3)). Histological examination of the removed livers revealed significant destruction of the metastases with localized necroses in all treatment groups; 37% had a complete response rate and 63% a partial response rate. There were no significant necroses in the control group (P < 0.0001). The best treatment results were obtained in the group with an anode at the center and a current dose of 80 C/cm(3). Direct current therapy offers a new and safe method for the local treatment of liver metastases. We were able to observe that tumor damage is related to current dose but not to the polarity of the central electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Turler
- Department of Visceral- and Vascular Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Abu-Elmagd K, Fung J, McGhee W, Martin D, Mazariegos G, Schaefer N, Demetris J, Starzl TE, Reyes J. The efficacy of daclizumab for intestinal transplantation: preliminary report. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1195-6. [PMID: 10995903 PMCID: PMC2994253 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Abu-Elmagd
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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23
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de Vera ME, Reyes J, Demetris J, Mazariegos G, Schaefer N, Vargas H, Bond G, Wu T, Fung J, Starzl TE, Abu-Elmagd K. Isolated intestinal versus composite visceral allografts: causes of graft failure. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1221-2. [PMID: 10995919 PMCID: PMC2957096 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M E de Vera
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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24
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Bond G, Reyes J, Mazariegos G, Wu T, Schaefer N, Demetris J, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, Abu-Elmagd K. The impact of positive T-cell lymphocytotoxic crossmatch on intestinal allograft rejection and survival. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1197-8. [PMID: 10995904 PMCID: PMC3005342 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Bond
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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25
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Turler A, Schaefer H, Schaefer N, Maintz D, Wagner M, Qiao JC, Hoelscher AH. Local treatment of hepatic metastases with low-level direct electric current: experimental results. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:322-8. [PMID: 10766329 DOI: 10.1080/003655200750024227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several authors have recently reported encouraging results from low-level direct current therapy in easily accessible malignant tumors. However, antitumoral effects in colorectal metastases have not been investigated experimentally. METHODS Using an animal model with induced hepatic metastases, we analyzed the effectiveness and the tumor growth dynamics after direct current application. Three weeks after induction tumor volumes were estimated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then direct current (80 C/cm3) was applied in the treatment group by means of one anode in the tumor center and four cathodes peripherally. In the control group electrodes were placed without applying current. Tumor growth dynamics was analyzed with MRI after 3 and 5 weeks. After this all animals were killed, and the livers histologically examined. RESULTS After 5 weeks MRI showed a 1.6-fold tumor enlargement in the treatment group versus a 2.9-fold enlargement in the control group (Student t test, P=0.0051). The histopathologic analysis of the treated livers yielded a 21% complete response rate and a 78% partial response rate. No necroses were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the effectiveness of low-level direct current application as a potential modality for the treatment of hepatic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Turler
- Dept. of Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
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26
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Turler A, Schaefer H, Schaefer N, Wagner M, Maintz D, Qiao JC, Hoelscher AH. Experimental low-level direct current therapy in liver metastases: influence of polarity and current dose. Bioelectromagnetics 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200007)21:5<395::aid-bem8>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Waller PF, Blow FC, Maio RF, Singer K, Hill EM, Schaefer N. Crash characteristics and injuries of victims impaired by alcohol versus illicit drugs. Accid Anal Prev 1997; 29:817-827. [PMID: 9370018 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol has long been associated with injury, but the relationship between other drugs and injury is less clear. Blood samples from 894 patients presenting to two Emergency Departments for treatment of motor vehicle injury sustained in passenger cars, station wagons, vans and pickup trucks, were tested for alcohol and other drugs. Results were related to demographic characteristics, including prior history of alcohol and drug use; crash characteristics; and injury characteristics. Alcohol was associated with more severe crashes, but other drugs, in the absence of alcohol, were not. The crashes involving drugs but no alcohol were very similar to those involving neither alcohol nor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Waller
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2150, USA.
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Pemberton LB, Schaefer N, Goehring L, Gaddis M, Arrighi DA. Oral ranitidine as prophylaxis for gastric stress ulcers in intensive care unit patients: serum concentrations and cost comparisons. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:339-42. [PMID: 8440101 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199303000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES a) To determine whether enteral ranitidine in intensive care unit (ICU) patients would produce serum levels that would reduce stimulated gastric acid by > or = 50%, and b) to evaluate the differences in cost between enteral and parenteral administration of ranitidine. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. SETTING A surgical ICU in a public primary teaching hospital for a medical school. PATIENTS Postoperative or posttraumatic surgical patients who met one or more main criteria for stress. INTERVENTIONS Two groups of patients were given ranitidine through a nasogastric tube. Group 1 (n = 10) received 150 mg every 12 hrs, and group 2 (n = 8) received 300 mg every 12 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum samples for measurement of ranitidine concentrations were collected at 2, 6, and 12 hrs after the fifth dose of oral ranitidine. Patients were monitored for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. All patients had therapeutic serum ranitidine concentrations at 2 and 6 hrs, while 88% of patients had therapeutic levels at 12 hrs. CONCLUSIONS a) Enteral administration of ranitidine every 12 hrs leads to effective absorption of the drug from the upper gastrointestinal tract of ICU patients. b) Serum concentrations of ranitidine for both 150-mg and 300-mg enteral doses remained within, or exceeded, the therapeutic range in > 90% of ICU patients with clinically important criteria of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Pemberton
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Kansas City
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29
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Pitman MG, Wildes RA, Schaefer N, Wellfare D. Effect of azetidine 2-carboxylic Acid on ion uptake and ion release to the xylem of excised barley roots. Plant Physiol 1977; 60:240-6. [PMID: 16660068 PMCID: PMC542588 DOI: 10.1104/pp.60.2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Azetidine 2-carboxylic acid (AZ) was used as an analog of proline to investigate further the relationship between protein synthesis and ion transport. AZ does not inhibit protein assembly, but the proteins formed are ineffective as enzymes. At relatively low concentrations (50 muM) AZ was a potent inhibitor of release of ions to the xylem of excised roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and intact plants. Uptake to the root was also inhibited but to a lesser degree. A procedure was introduced for estimating unidirectional fluxes from measurements of net tracer uptake, net transport to the xylem, and net efflux from the roots. It was shown that inhibition of release to the xylem was not caused by reduction in influx at the plasmalemma or to stimulation of influx to the vacuoles. It was suggested that AZ was acting on the process of release from symplast to the xylem. The action of AZ is compared with similar effects on ion transport produced by p-fluorophenylalanine, cycloheximide, and abscisic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pitman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, N.S.W., Australia 2006
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30
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Wildes RA, Pitman MG, Schaefer N. Inhibition of ion uptake to barley roots by cycloheximide. Planta 1976; 128:35-40. [PMID: 24430604 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1973] [Accepted: 09/09/1973] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cycloheximide was shown to inhibit the transport of ions into the xylem of "salt-saturated" barley roots (Hordeum vulgare cv cape), and incorporation of L-[1-(14)C] leucine into protein within 40-60 min. Water flow across the roots of whole seedlings was not altered for at least 180 min. Uptake of ions into the cells of "salt-saturated" roots was not affected for 120 min, but was inhibited when treated with cycloheximide for more than 120 min. H(+) efflux from "lowsalt" roots was inhibited by cycloheximide at about the same time as ion uptake. Measurement of ATP levels and O2uptake indicated that cycloheximide was not acting as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. The present data are considered to support the view that secretion of ions into the xylem vessels involves a specific protein with a short effective half-life, and is a separate process from active uptake into the cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Wildes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
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Pitman MG, Schaefer N, Wildes RA. Relation between permeability to potassium and sodium ions and fusicoccin-stimulated hydrogen-ion efflux in barley roots. Planta 1975; 126:61-73. [PMID: 24430088 DOI: 10.1007/bf00389360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1975] [Accepted: 06/18/1975] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements are described of fusicoccin (FC)-stimulated H(+) efflux in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots when K(+) and Na(+) concentrations were varied. In low-salt roots H(+) efflux was stimulated in both 5 mM KCl and NaCl. In salt-saturated roots H(+) efflux was stimulated more effectively in KCl than in NaCl solution. The stimulation of H(+) efflux thus is parallel with the selectivity of these different root preparations for K(+) and Na(+) and with estimates of permeability ratios (P Na/P K) determined from electrical measurements. It is suggested that the results support electrogenic coupling between FC-stimulated H(+) efflux and cation uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pitman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, 2006, N.S.W., Australia
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