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Bureau A, Berthelot N, Ricard J, Lafrance C, Jomphe V, Dioni A, Fortin-Fabbro É, Boisvert MC, Maziade M. Heterogeneity in the longitudinal courses of global functioning in children at familial risk of major psychiatric disorders: Association with trauma and familial characteristics. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:265-276. [PMID: 37957788 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The extent to which heterogeneity in childhood risk trajectories may underlie later heterogeneity in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a chief question. Answers may optimally be found by studying the longitudinal trajectories of children born to an affected parent. We aimed to differentiate trajectories of global functioning and their sensitive periods from the age of 6 to 17 years in children at familial risk (FHRs). METHODS First, a latent class mixed model analysis (LCMM) was applied to yearly ratings of the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) from the age of 6 to 17 years in 170 FHRs born to a parent affected by DSM-IV SZ (N = 37), BP (N = 82) or MDD (N = 51). Then, we compared the obtained Classes or trajectories of FHRs in terms of sex, parental diagnosis, IQ, child clinical status, childhood trauma, polygenic risk score (PRS), and outcome in transition to illness. RESULTS The LCMM on yearly CGAS trajectories identified a 4-class solution showing markedly different childhood and adolescence dynamic courses and temporal vulnerability windows marked by a functioning decline and a degree of specificity in parental diagnosis. Moreover, IQ, trauma exposure, PRS level, and timing of later transition to illness differentiated the trajectories. Almost half (46%) of the FHRs exhibited a good and stable global functioning trajectory. CONCLUSIONS FHRs of major psychiatric disorders show heterogeneous functional decline during development associated with parental diagnosis, polygenic risk loading, and childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bureau
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Cervo Brain Research Centre, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Cervo Brain Research Centre, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Department of Nursing Sciences, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Abdoulaye Dioni
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Michel Maziade
- Cervo Brain Research Centre, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Berthelot N, Larouche K, Garon-Bissonnette J, Deschênes K, Drouin-Maziade C, Lemieux R. Spillover effects on the relationship with the partner of a mentalization-based intervention for pregnant women. Infant Ment Health J 2024. [PMID: 38598747 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The birth of a child has been associated with a decline in couple satisfaction, which has implications for the child's social-emotional development. This study investigated the potential spillover effect on pregnant women's perceptions of their relationships with their partners of the Supporting the Transition to and Engagement in Parenthood (STEP) program, a brief trauma-informed mentalization-based prenatal group intervention. Participants (94% White) were recruited in prenatal clinics and through online advertisements in Quebec, Canada. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from participants assigned to the STEP program (n = 42) and those receiving treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 125). Women participating in STEP reported significant improvements in their relationships with their partners compared to those assigned to TAU. More precisely, they reported higher couple satisfaction, enhanced communication, and increased interest in their partners' emotional experience. The qualitative analysis further substantiated these results, with participants reporting having involved their partners in their pregnancy, shared their insights about themselves with their partners and gained fresh perspectives on their relationships. Participants in STEP also expressed sharing program materials with their partners and considered that such interventions should be extended to expecting fathers. This study underscores the potential of mentalization-based interventions to indirectly contribute to couple relationships, which may have positive implications for parenting and the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karl Larouche
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim Deschênes
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
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Legendre M, Milot T, Rousseau M, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Berthelot N. Beyond abuse and neglect: validation of the childhood interpersonal trauma inventory in a community sample of adults. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1358475. [PMID: 38487577 PMCID: PMC10937553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood trauma is not restricted to abuse or neglect and other potentially traumatic experiences need to be pondered in practice and research. The study aimed to collect validity evidence of a new measure of exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic experiences, the Childhood Interpersonal Trauma Inventory (CITI), by evaluating whether the CITI provides important additional information compared to a gold standard measure of childhood trauma. Methods The sample consisted of 2,518 adults who completed the CITI and self-reported measures of trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ) and psychiatric symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; Dissociative Experiences Scale). Results First, the sensitivity to properly detect participants having been exposed to childhood maltreatment, as measured by the CTQ (here used as the gold standard), ranged between 64.81% and 88.71%, and the specificity ranged between 68.55% and 89.54%. Second, hierarchical regressions showed that the CITI predicted between 5.6 and 14.0% of the variance in psychiatric symptoms while the CTQ only captured a very small additional part of variance (0.3 to 0.7%). Finally, 25% (n = 407) of CTQ-negative participants screened positive at the CITI. The latter reported higher severity of psychiatric symptoms than participants without trauma, suggesting that the CITI permits the identification of adults exposed to significant traumas that remain undetected using other well-validated measures. Discussion The findings underscore the utility of the CITI for research purposes and the latter's equivalence to a gold standard self-reported questionnaire to predict negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Milot
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Rousseau
- Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d’études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l’enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention auprès des Enfants Vulnérables et Négligés (GRIN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Ensink K, Bégin M, Martin-Gagnon G, Biberdzic M, Berthelot N, Normandin L, Fonagy P, Bernazzani O, Borelli JL. Post-traumatic-stress in the context of childhood maltreatment: pathways from attachment through mentalizing during the transition to parenthood. Front Psychol 2023; 14:919736. [PMID: 37359870 PMCID: PMC10289889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.919736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to clarify the role of mentalizing in pathways from attachment to Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) in survivors of childhood maltreatment (CM). We focused on the transition to parenting, a critical period for reworking parenting representations to reduce intergenerational maltreatment cycles. Method Study participants included 100 pregnant CM survivors. We assessed PTSS with the SCID and attachment and mentalizing with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), which was rated for Attachment and Reflective Functioning (RF). Results Regarding Re-experiencing trauma symptoms, the results of the path analysis were consistent with mediation. CM survivors' mentalizing about their early relationships with their parents (RF-Other) directly impacted Re-experiencing trauma symptoms, and attachment had an effect on Re-experiencing trauma symptoms through mentalizing (RF-Other). Regarding Arousal/Reactivity symptoms, the results of the pathways analysis were consistent with partial mediation by mentalizing about early relationships with parents (RF-Other). In addition to the pathway from attachment via mentalizing (RF-Other) to Arousal/Reactivity, the pathway between attachment and Arousal/Reactivity also remained significant. Discussion This study provides new evidence of a mentalizing and attachment model of PTSS in CM survivors. The findings indicate that increased mentalizing about early relationships with parents is an important process associated with lower PTSS. Finally, we discuss the implications of developing interventions for CM survivors to reduce PTSS. Scaffolding the development of mentalizing regarding attachment relationships in which CM occurred may help CM survivors reduce the intrusion of traumatic memories and decrease trauma-related arousal and reactivity symptoms. Interventions to help CM survivors mentalize regarding parents and attachment relationships in which trauma occurred may be particularly important during the transition to parenting when activation of representations of parenting can trigger PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ensink
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Bégin
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marko Biberdzic
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lina Normandin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Odette Bernazzani
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Garon-Bissonnette J, Dubois-Comtois K, St-Laurent D, Berthelot N. A deeper look at the association between childhood maltreatment and reflective functioning. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:368-389. [PMID: 37131288 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2023.2207558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is theorized as impeding the development of reflective functioning (RF; ability to perceive and interpret oneself and others in terms of mental states). However, previous research typically failed to support this association or yielded small sized and mixed associations. This study aims to provide a deeper look at the association between childhood maltreatment and RF by characterizing two non-mentalizing categories. One-hundred-and-sixteen pregnant women (mean age = 27.62, SD = 4.52) from the community (48.3% with a university degree, 96.5% in a relationship with the other parent) retrospectively reported on childhood abuse and neglect using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. They also participated in the Adult Attachment Interview subsequently coded using the Reflective Functioning Scale. Participants with poor to low RF were allocated to one of two groups (disavowal-distancing or distorted-inconsistent) using indicators provided in the RF Scale. No association was found between childhood maltreatment and overall RF when controlling for education level. A multinomial logistic regression revealed that childhood maltreatment was strongly predictive of a disrupted, over-analytical and inconsistent reflection about mental states but not of a tendency to discourse little about mental states. This tendency was rather only predicted by education level. Findings suggest that childhood maltreatment would lead to specific impairments in RF and that not considering how individuals fail to mentalize about attachment relationships may mask strong associations between RF and its determinants and correlates, including childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, CAN
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, CAN
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, CAN
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, CAN
| | - Diane St-Laurent
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJeF), Québec, CAN
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, CAN
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Partner Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, CAN
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, CAN
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, CAN
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Berthelot N, Garon-Bissonnette J, Drouin-Maziade C, Bergeron V, Sériès T. STEP-COVID: a pilot study of a prenatal intervention for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6466. [PMID: 37081093 PMCID: PMC10116444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a global increase in psychological distress in pregnant women. This study evaluated the effects of STEP-COVID, a six-session mentalization-based prenatal group program offered online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 100 participants were allocated to STEP-COVID or to the natural trajectory of prenatal care. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included measures of psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms and positive affectivity. Perception of change during pregnancy on resilience-promoting factors was also assessed at post-intervention. A significant decrease in psychological distress and post-traumatic symptoms and an increase in positive affectivity were observed in participants in the intervention condition, whereas only post-traumatic symptoms improved in the control condition. Women who participated in STEP-COVID also reported greater changes during pregnancy on resilience-promoting factors than women in the control condition. Results hold promise for buffering the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women using brief online interventions. Clinical trial registration: NCT05419167 (15/06/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibaut Sériès
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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Caron R, Poitras K, St-Laurent D, Joly MP, Poirier MA, Berthelot N, Dubois-Comtois K. Foster family assessment: The assessor's perspective - A qualitative study. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 130:105362. [PMID: 34756505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Children in foster care are more likely to exhibit emotional, behavioral, social, and developmental problems. Accordingly, foster families should provide them with a safe family environment that promotes their development. Therefore, to ensure that foster families adequately meet children's needs, it is crucial for youth protection services to properly assess prospective foster family applicants. However, the specific assessment methods are understudied. This study aims to capture the experiences of caseworkers and the challenges they face in assessing and selecting potential foster caregivers, as well as their needs for support to perform the assessments. Focus groups were held in child protection services agencies in the province of Québec (Canada). Three group interviews with a total of 15 caseworkers were transcribed and subjected to content analysis using NVivo 11. The caseworkers identified nine most important dimensions for assessing prospective foster families, notably motivation and engagement. Differences in the assessment process between caseworkers were observed, particularly for the type of foster family assessed. The caseworkers reported certain common needs for assessment training, primarily in interview techniques and the handling of multicultural issues. They also complained of lack of time allocated for clinical support during assessments. The results call for collaborative efforts between researchers and practitioners to provide appropriate training and tools to support the assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Caron
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Karine Poitras
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Canada.
| | - Diane St-Laurent
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Canada
| | | | | | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-I'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS NÎM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Garon-Bissonnette J, Duguay G, Lemieux R, Dubois-Comtois K, Berthelot N. Maternal childhood abuse and neglect predicts offspring development in early childhood: The roles of reflective functioning and child sex. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 128:105030. [PMID: 33752901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that offspring of mothers having been exposed to childhood abuse and neglect (CA&N) are at increased risk of developmental problems and that boys are more affected by maternal CA&N than girls. Since impairments in reflective functioning (RF) have been associated with maternal CA&N and offspring development, RF could represent a key mechanism in these intergenerational risk trajectories. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated mediating (RF) and moderating (child sex) mechanisms in the association between maternal CA&N and child development. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In a longitudinal setting, 111 mothers completed measures during pregnancy and between 11 and 36 months postpartum. METHODS CA&N and impairments in RF were assessed during pregnancy and offspring development was measured during the longitudinal follow-up using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3). Child development was operationalized in two ways: using the global score at the ASQ-3 and using a dichotomous score of accumulation of delays across domains of development. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that RF mediated the association between maternal CA&N and offspring development. Child sex moderated the association between CA&N and the clustering of developmental problems (Wald = 5.88, p = 0.02), with boys being particularly likely to accumulate developmental delays when their mother experienced CA&N (RR = 2.62). Accumulation of developmental problems was associated with impairments in maternal RF in girls and with maternal exposure to CA&N in boys. CONCLUSIONS Results provide novel insights on the role of mentalization and child sex in the association between maternal CA&N and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Duguay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada.
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Berthelot N, Savard C, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Ensink K, Godbout N. Development and validation of a self-report measure assessing failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 128:105017. [PMID: 33692012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The way people process trauma and adverse relationships may be more predictive of subsequent adaptation than trauma exposure in itself. However, there is currently no self-report instrument assessing failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships. OBJECTIVE We developed the Failure to Mentalize Trauma Questionnaire (FMTQ) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The FMTQ is a 29-item self-report instrument designed to assess different indications of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 975 participants (84 % women; 37 % exposed to child maltreatment) were recruited in the course of larger research protocols on parenting. METHODS Participants completed the FMTQ and measures of childhood maltreatment, psychopathology (post-traumatic stress symptoms, dissociative symptoms, level of personality dysfunction), general mentalization and intimate partner violence. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis, supported by a confirmatory factor analysis, identified seven factors with good internal consistency that corresponded to different types of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships and that loaded on a general factor. A dose-effect association was observed between the severity of childhood maltreatment, and the severity of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships (rs = .49, p < .01). The FMTQ total score explained a significant proportion of variance in psychopathology and intimate partner violence, both in participants with histories of childhood maltreatment and participants without childhood maltreatment. CONCLUSION The FMTQ is a promising, concise and efficient measure of failures in the mentalization of trauma and adverse relationships that may facilitate clinical screening and research with adults who experienced trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada.
| | - Claudia Savard
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada
| | - Karin Ensink
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Natacha Godbout
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
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10
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Garon-Bissonnette J, Bolduc MÈG, Lemieux R, Berthelot N. Cumulative childhood trauma and complex psychiatric symptoms in pregnant women and expecting men. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:10. [PMID: 34983417 PMCID: PMC8725451 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women and men having been exposed to childhood trauma would be at high risk of various mental health symptoms while awaiting a child. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative childhood trauma and the accumulation of symptoms belonging to different psychiatric problems in pregnant women and expecting men. METHODS We first examined prevalence rates of childhood trauma across our samples of 2853 pregnant women and 561 expecting men from the community. Second, we evaluated the association between cumulative childhood trauma and symptom complexity (i.e., the simultaneous presentation of symptoms belonging to multiple psychiatric problems) using subsamples of 1779 pregnant women and 118 expecting men. Participants completed self-reported measures of trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and psychiatric symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2; Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale). RESULTS Trauma was more frequent in pregnant women than in expecting men and in participants reporting sociodemographic risk factors than in those not reporting any. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of different traumas reported by pregnant women and expecting men and the complexity of their psychiatric symptoms, even when controlling for the variance explained by other risk factors. Women having been exposed to cumulative childhood trauma were 4.95 times more at risk of presenting comorbid psychiatric problems during pregnancy than non-exposed women. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma is frequent in the general population of pregnant women and expecting men and is associated with symptom complexity during the antenatal period. These findings call for delivering and evaluating innovative trauma-informed antenatal programs to support mental health and adaptation to parenthood in adults having been exposed to childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Grisé Bolduc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada.,Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PO Box 500, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada. .,CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada. .,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Québec, Canada. .,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PO Box 500, Québec, Canada.
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Berthelot N, Drouin-Maziade C, Garon-Bissonnette J, Lemieux R, Sériès T, Lacharité C. Evaluation of the Acceptability of a Prenatal Program for Women With Histories of Childhood Trauma: The Program STEP. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:772706. [PMID: 34803778 PMCID: PMC8600135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.772706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood trauma would negatively affect pregnant women's mental health and would have intergenerational repercussions. However, there is a paucity of prenatal interventions specifically designed for women exposed to childhood trauma. The study aims to evaluate the acceptability of STEP, a manualized group intervention designed for pregnant women having experienced early life adversity. Methods: The acceptability of STEP was assessed in four phases. In Phase 1, six experts evaluated whether the program activities were pertinent and trauma sensitive. In Phase 2, three parents read the intervention manuals and evaluated whether they considered each session relevant, interesting, and clear. In Phase 3, the program was briefly presented by phone to 309 pregnant women from the community. Women were inquired about their interest in the program, and the reasons for their lack of interest were assessed. In Phase 4, 30 pregnant women exposed to childhood trauma participated in the program and completed anonymous satisfaction questionnaires after each session. Psychological distress was also measured before and after the program. Results: All activities were rated by independent experts as highly pertinent, adequate, and sufficiently safe to be offered to pregnant women. Parents who read through the intervention manuals also considered that the sessions were relevant, clear, and interesting. About half of the pregnant women from the community showed interest in the program. Participants reported very high levels of satisfaction and a significant decrease in psychological distress during the program. Conclusions: Our findings show a high level of convergence among various indicators of program acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Thibaut Sériès
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Carl Lacharité
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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12
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Borelli JL, Ensink K, Gillespie ML, Falasiri E, Bernazzani O, Fonagy P, Berthelot N. Mothers' Self-focused Reflective Functioning Interacts with Childhood Experiences of Rejection to Predict Current Romantic Relationship Quality and Parenting Behavior. Fam Process 2021; 60:920-934. [PMID: 33026653 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parents exposed to rejection in their childhood could experience bonding disturbances in their current relationships. Reflective functioning (RF), the capacity to understand one's own and others' behavior through the lens of underlying mental states (cognitions, emotions), has been identified as a potential protective process. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine whether RF moderates the effect of parents' experiences of rejection in childhood on later relationship functioning with partners and infants. Pregnant women with experiences of abuse and neglect were recruited and completed the Adult Attachment Interview, which was coded for RF and experiences of childhood rejection. During two follow-up assessments, when their infants were 5 and 17 months old, the mothers in our sample who had partners reported on dyadic cohesion with these partners. Further, at 5 months postnatal, mothers completed interaction tasks with their infants, which were later assessed using observational measures (i.e., CARE-Index). Results of mothers with partners (N = 93) indicated that RF moderated the relationship between dyadic cohesion with partners at 17 months only. Additionally, results with all mothers in the sample (N = 108) indicated that RF moderated the relationship between retrospectively reported experiences of rejection and controlling and unresponsive behaviors with infants. Adequate-to-high RF was associated with lower unresponsiveness and higher relationship satisfaction in the context of rejection, while being associated with higher levels of control. These findings have important clinical implications, as RF is amenable to change and can therefore be more prominently implemented within various interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Québec, Canada
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13
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Gamache D, Savard C, Lemieux R, Berthelot N. Impact of level of personality pathology on affective, behavioral, and thought problems in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Personal Disord 2021; 13:41-51. [PMID: 33411559 DOI: 10.1037/per0000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Among at-risk groups for psychological distress in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pregnant women might be especially vulnerable. Identifying subgroups of pregnant women at high risk of poor adaptation might optimize clinical screening and intervention, which could, in turn, contribute to mitigating the potentially devastating effects of prenatal stress on mothers and fetus. Level of personality functioning may be a good indicator of who may be more vulnerable to distress in challenging periods like the COVID-19 pandemic, as adults with high levels of personality dysfunction may experience significant difficulties in mentalizing threatening situations. The aims of the present study are (a) to determine the impact of level of personality pathology on affective, behavioral, and thought problems in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (b) to test a model where mentalization of trauma mediates the impact of personality pathology on symptomatology. Data from 1,207 French-Canadian pregnant women recruited through social media during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Latent profile analysis, using the Criterion A elements of the alternative model for personality disorders (Identity, Self-Direction, Empathy, Intimacy) as latent indicators, yielded four profiles: Healthy, Mild Self-Impairment, Intimacy Impairment, and Personality Disorder. Profiles showed significant associations with diverse indicators of symptomatology. Mediation models showed both direct and indirect (through mentalization of trauma) significant associations between level of personality functioning and affective/behavioral/thought problems. Results have clinical implications on prophylactic measures for at-risk pregnant women, especially in challenging contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Gamache
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières
| | | | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
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14
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association between news media use frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic and the scale of psychological distress in pregnant women, considering this distress known harmful effects on the fetus development. METHOD Pregnant women living in Quebec province (N = 1014) have been recruited in April 2020 through social media, while a state of health emergency was declared. Participants were divided in 4 groups, according to self-reported frequency of news media consulting (little or none; one time a day; several times a day; constant). They filled measures of depressive symptoms, negative affects, post-traumatic stress symptoms and anxiety specific to COVID-19. Instrument scores were grouped under a unique factor of psychological distress. RESULTS An ANCOVA controlling for age, gestational age, education level, household annual revenue and a diagnosed mental disorder present at the time of participation in study shows that news media exposure frequency is significantly associated with psychological distress severity in pregnant women, during COVID-19 pandemic, F(3,998) = 27.02, p < 0.001, η2 partial = 0.08. Given the mean comparisons a posteriori, higher psychological distress rates are found as soon as news media exposure exceeds once a day (effect sizes between 0.38 and 0.81). CONCLUSIONS The more pregnant women report consulting the news media during the COVID-19 pandemic, the more likely they are to exhibit psychological distress. Results provide one of the first empirical supports to recommendations of World Health Organization, Canada government and psychiatric associations that encourage population to limit their news media consulting during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Lemieux
- Département des sciences infirmières, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Québec, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Québec, Canada.,Département de psychologie, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles (CRIPCAS), Québec, Canada
| | - Mathilde Loiselle
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Québec, Canada.,Département de psychologie, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Élodie Martel
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Québec, Canada.,Département de psychologie, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Département des sciences infirmières, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Département des sciences infirmières, 14847Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF), Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés (GRIN), Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles (CRIPCAS), Québec, Canada
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15
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Gamache D, Savard C, Leclerc P, Payant M, Berthelot N, Côté A, Faucher J, Lampron M, Lemieux R, Mayrand K, Nolin MC, Tremblay M. A Proposed Classification of ICD-11 Severity Degrees of Personality Pathology Using the Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628057. [PMID: 33815167 PMCID: PMC8012561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The 11th version of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) has adopted a dimensional approach to personality disorder (PD) nosology. Notably, it includes an assessment of PD degree of severity, which can be classified according to five categories. To date, there is no gold standard measure for assessing degree of PD severity based on the ICD-11 model, and there are no empirically-based anchor points to delineate the proposed categories. With the operationalization of PD degrees of severity in the ICD-11 PD model now being closely aligned with Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), sharing a focus on self and interpersonal dysfunction, self-report instruments developed for the latter model might prove useful as screening tools to determine degrees of severity in the former. Methods: The Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale, a brief validated self-report questionnaire originally designed to assess level of personality pathology according to the AMPD framework, was used to derive anchor points to delineate the five severity degrees from the ICD-11 PD model. Data from five clinical and non-clinical samples (total N = 2,240) allowed identifying anchor points for classification, based on Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, Latent Class Analysis, and data distribution statistics. Categories were validated using multiple indices pertaining to externalizing and internalizing symptoms relevant to PD. Results: Analyses yielded the following anchor points for PD degrees of severity: No PD = 0-1.04; Personality Difficulty = 1.05-1.29; Mild PD = 1.30-1.89; Moderate PD = 1.90-2.49; and Severe PD = 2.50 and above. A clear gradient of severity across the five categories was observed in all samples. A high number of significant contrasts among PD categories were also observed on external variables, consistent with the ICD-11 PD degree of severity operationalization. Conclusions: The present study provides potentially useful guidelines to determine severity of personality pathology based on the ICD-11 model. The use of a brief self-report questionnaire as a screening tool for assessing PD degrees of severity should be seen as a time-efficient support for clinical decision and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Gamache
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Savard
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Leclerc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Payant
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Côté
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Faucher
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | | | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Kristel Mayrand
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Nolin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Tremblay
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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16
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Berthelot N, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Drouin-Maziade C, Martel É, Maziade M. Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:848-855. [PMID: 32449178 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal maternal distress has a negative impact on the course of pregnancy, fetal development, offspring development, and later psychopathologies. The study aimed to determine the extent to which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may aggravate the prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology of pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two cohorts of pregnant volunteer women were evaluated, one that was recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 496) through advertisements in prenatal clinics in Quebec, Canada, from April 2018 to March 2020; the other (n = 1258) was recruited online during the pandemic from 2 April to 13 April 2020. Prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology were measured with the Kessler Distress Scale (K10), Post-traumatic Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). RESULTS The 1754 pregnant women (Mage = 29.27, SD = 4.23) were between 4 and 41 gestational weeks (M = 24.80, SD = 9.42), were generally educated (91.3% had post-high-school training), and financially well-resourced (85.3% were above the low-income cut-off). A multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for age, gestational age, household income, education, and lifetime psychiatric disorders showed a large effect size (ES) in the difference between the two cohorts on psychiatric symptoms (Wilks' λ = 0.68, F6,1400 = 108.50, P < .001, partial η2 = 0.32). According to post-hoc analyses of covariance, the COVID-19 women reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (ES = 0.57), dissociative symptoms (ES = 0.22 and ES = 0.25), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (ES = 0.19), and negative affectivity (ES = 0.96), and less positive affectivity (ES = 0.95) than the pre-COVID-19 cohort. Women from the COVID-19 cohort were more likely than pre-COVID-19 women to present clinically significant levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.94, χ2 [1] = 10.05, P = .002). Multiple regression analyses indicated that pregnant women in the COVID-19 cohort having a previous psychiatric diagnosis or low income would be more prone to elevated distress and psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic reported more distress and psychiatric symptoms than pregnant women assessed before the pandemic, mainly in the form of depression and anxiety symptoms. Given the harmful consequences of prenatal distress on mothers and offspring, the presently observed upsurge of symptoms in pregnant women calls for special means of clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Center d'Études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Center d'Études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Center d'Études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Center d'Études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Élodie Martel
- Center d'Études Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et la Famille (CEIDEF), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Maziade
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Lemieux R, Loiselle M, Berthelot N. Are psychiatric nurses sufficiently informed about the repercussions of childhood maltreatment? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:203-204. [PMID: 31876345 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mathilde Loiselle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Neuromédecine Personnalisée et du Neurodéveloppement de l'Enfant, Centre de Recherche Cervo, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Maziade
- Centre de Neuromédecine Personnalisée et du Neurodéveloppement de l'Enfant, Centre de Recherche Cervo, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Berthelot N, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Muzik M. Prenatal Attachment, Parental Confidence, and Mental Health in Expecting Parents: The Role of Childhood Trauma. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019; 65:85-95. [PMID: 31566890 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to childhood abuse or neglect may lead to negative outcomes during pregnancy in expecting parents, which may contribute to a negative experience of childbearing and have consequences for the developing fetus. This study examined the associations between exposure to childhood abuse or neglect, psychological symptoms, prenatal attachment, and perception of parental competence in expectant parents. METHODS Individuals at low sociodemographic risk were recruited in community perinatal care settings and completed self-report assessment measures of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociation, personality disorders, perception of parental competence, and prenatal attachment. RESULTS There were 322 participants (78% women), including 91 adults with a history of childhood abuse or neglect, Participants who were exposed to childhood abuse or neglect reported significantly higher levels of symptoms on all indices of mental health than nonexposed adults, even when controlling for sociodemographic risks. However, both groups reported similar levels of prenatal attachment and parental confidence. The impact of childhood maltreatment was similar in men and women. Structural equation modeling showed that childhood abuse or neglect leads to poor mental health and that poor mental health, but not childhood maltreatment, is associated with low parental confidence and prenatal attachment. DISCUSSION Psychological symptoms are frequent in expectant parents who experienced maltreatment during their childhood. However, childhood abuse or neglect is not associated with their attitude regarding parenthood and the child in the absence of psychopathology. Supporting mental health may be an important target of parental programs offered during pregnancy to women and men with a history of childhood abuse or neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Berthelot N, Lemieux R, Garon-Bissonnette J, Lacharité C, Muzik M. The protective role of mentalizing: Reflective functioning as a mediator between child maltreatment, psychopathology and parental attitude in expecting parents. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 95:104065. [PMID: 31255871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment impacts parenting and has intergenerational consequences. It is therefore crucial to identify clinically responsive resilience-promoting factors in pregnant women and expecting men with history of childhood maltreatment. Mentalization, or reflective functioning, appears as a promising concept to understand risk and resilience in the face of childhood maltreatment. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the multivariate relationship between exposure to childhood maltreatment, reflective functioning, psychological symptoms and parental attitude in expecting parents. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-five pregnant women and 66 expecting fathers completed self-report assessment measures of childhood trauma, reflective functioning, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, parental sense of competence and antenatal attachment. Twenty-eight percent (n = 85) of the community sample reported personal histories of childhood maltreatment. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that reflective functioning (a) partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and (b) independently predicted participants' perception of parental competence and psychological investment toward the unborn child. CONCLUSION Overall, this study provides empirical evidence of the protective role of reflective functioning during the prenatal period in parents with histories of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada.
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada
| | - Carl Lacharité
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Canada
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States; Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Michigan, United States
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Berthelot N, Lemieux R, Lacharité C. Development of a prenatal program for adults with personal histories of childhood abuse or neglect: a Delphi consensus consultation study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 38:393-403. [PMID: 30430814 PMCID: PMC6262983 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy and the birth of a child present particular challenges for adults with personal histories of childhood abuse or neglect. However, few prenatal interventions address the specific needs of this population. This research aims to determine a list of actions that should be achieved during group interventions designed for expectant parents who experienced childhood trauma. METHODS Fifteen stakeholders representing nine different Quebec health care and community organizations that work with families and/or trauma survivors participated in a Delphi process in two rounds. In round 1, three project leaders identified, from clinical and empirical literature, a set of 36 actions relevant for expectant parents who experienced childhood trauma. Using an anonymized online survey, stakeholders coded how important they considered each action and whether they were already conducting similar interventions in their clinical setting. Stakeholders subsequently participated in a one-day in-person meeting during which they discussed the pertinence of each action, proposed new ones and refined them. This was followed by a second anonymized online survey (round 2). A consensus was reached among the stakeholders regarding a final list of 22 actions. RESULTS Two central clusters of actions emerged from the consultation process: actions aiming to support mentalization about self and parenthood, and actions aiming to support mentalization of trauma. CONCLUSION The Delphi process helped to identify what should be the core of a prenatal intervention targeting adults who experienced childhood trauma, from the viewpoint of professionals who will ultimately deliver such a program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Lacharité
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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Bottollier-Depois JF, Allain E, Baumont G, Berthelot N, Clairand I, Couvez C, Darley G, Henry B, Jolivet T, Laroche P, Lebau-Livé A, Lejeune V, Miss J, Monange W, Quéinnec F, Richet Y, Simon C, Trompier F, Vayron F. OPEN RADIATION: a collaborative project for radioactivity measurement in the environment by the public. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715308002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ensink K, Berthelot N, Bégin M, Maheux J, Normandin L. Dissociation mediates the relationship between sexual abuse and child psychological difficulties. Child Abuse Negl 2017; 69:116-124. [PMID: 28456066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using structural equation modeling, a theoretical model in which dissociation is a core process mediating the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and internalizing, externalizing, and sexualized behaviour difficulties in children. A total of 290 children aged 2-12 participated in this study in Québec, Canada from 1998 to 2004, including 138 children with histories of CSA and 152 non-abused children. To assess child dissociative symptoms, internalizing and externalizing difficulties, as well as sexualized behaviour difficulties, the Child Dissociative Checklist, the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Child Sexualized Behaviour Inventory were completed by parents. Dissociation mediated the relationship between CSA and internalizing, externalizing, and sexualized behaviour difficulties, with the model explaining respectively 42.5%, 49.9% and 33.9% of the variance of these difficulties. Findings are consistent with a model where dissociation is a common pathway linking CSA and child psycho-sexual difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ensink
- Université Laval, École de Psychologie, pavillion Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, (Québec), G1V 0A6 Canada.
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7 Canada.
| | - Michaël Bégin
- Université Laval, École de Psychologie, pavillion Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, (Québec), G1V 0A6 Canada.
| | - Julie Maheux
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G9A 5H7 Canada.
| | - Lina Normandin
- Université Laval, École de Psychologie, pavillion Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, (Québec), G1V 0A6 Canada.
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Paccalet T, Gilbert E, Berthelot N, Marquet P, Jomphe V, Lussier D, Bouchard RH, Cliche D, Gingras N, Maziade M. Liability indicators aggregate many years before transition to illness in offspring descending from kindreds affected by schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2016; 175:186-192. [PMID: 27160791 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Offspring born to patients with affective and non-affective psychoses display indicators of brain dysfunctions that affected parents carry. Such indicators may help understand the risk trajectory. METHODS We followed up the clinical/developmental trajectories of 84 young offspring born to affected parents descending from the Quebec kindreds affected by schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We longitudinally characterized childhood trajectories using 5 established risk indicators: cognitive impairments, psychotic-like experiences, non-psychotic DSM diagnosis and episodes of poor functioning, trauma and drug use. RESULTS Overall, offspring individually presented a high rate of risk indicators with 39% having 3 or more indicators. Thirty-three offspring progressed to an axis 1 DSM-IV disorder, 15 of whom transitioned to a major affective or non-affective disorder. The relative risks for each risk indicator were low in these vulnerable offspring (RR = 1.92 to 2.99). Remarkably, transitioners accumulated more risk indicators in childhood-adolescence than non-transitioners (Wilcoxon rank test; Z = 2.64, p = 0.008). Heterogeneity in the risk trajectories was observed. Outcome was not specific to parent's diagnosis. CONCLUSION Young offspring descending from kindreds affected by major psychoses would accumulate risk indicators many years before transition. A clustering of risk factors has also been observed in children at risk of metabolic-cardiovascular disorders and influences practice guidelines in this field. Our findings may be significant for the primary care surveillance of millions of children born to affected parents in the G7 nations. Future longitudinal risk research of children at genetic risk should explore concurrently several intrinsic and environmental risk modalities to increase predictivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paccalet
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département des Sciences infirmières, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Gilbert
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université Laval, École de Psychologie, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département des Sciences infirmières, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Jomphe
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada
| | - Daphné Lussier
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada
| | - Roch-Hugo Bouchard
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Cliche
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gingras
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Maziade
- Centre de recherche, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, QC, Canada.
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Ensink K, Berthelot N, Biberdzic M, Normandin L. The mirror paradigm: Assessing the embodied self in the context of abuse. Psychoanalytic Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/pap0000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ensink K, Normandin L, Plamondon A, Berthelot N, Fonagy P. Intergenerational pathways from reflective functioning to infant attachment through parenting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/cbs0000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Berthelot N, Paccalet T, Gilbert E, Moreau I, Mérette C, Gingras N, Rouleau N, Maziade M. Childhood abuse and neglect may induce deficits in cognitive precursors of psychosis in high-risk children. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:336-43. [PMID: 26035064 PMCID: PMC4543096 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of children are born to parents affected by major psychoses. Cognitive dysfunctions seen in patients are already detectable in these children. In parallel, childhood maltreatment increases the risk of adult psychoses through unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether high-risk offspring exposed to abuse/neglect displayed more cognitive precursors of adult psychoses in childhood and adolescence than nonexposed offspring. METHODS We used a stepwise selection strategy from a 25-year follow-up of 48 densely affected kindreds including 1500 adults (405 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) to select high-risk offspring aged 6-22 years for inclusion in our study. All offspring were assessed for childhood trauma from direct interviews with the offspring, parents and relatives and from the review of lifetime medical records of parents and children and administered a neuropsychological battery including IQ and 4 of the most impaired neuropsychological domains in psychoses. RESULTS Our study included 66 high-risk offspring. Those who were exposed to abuse/neglect had significantly lower IQ (effect size [ES] = 0.61) than nonexposed offspring and displayed poorer cognitive performance in visual episodic memory (ES = 0.67) and in executive functions of initiation (ES = 1.01). Moreover, exposed offspring presented more combinations of cognitive deficits that were associated with lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores. LIMITATIONS Exposure to abuse/neglect was not assessed in the control group, thus the study could not test whether the effect of childhood maltreatment occurred only in a high-risk setting and not in the general population. CONCLUSION In high-risk youths, maltreatment in childhood/adolescence may negatively impact cognitive domains known to be impaired in adults with psychoses, suggesting an early mediating effect in the association between abuse/neglect and adult psychoses. This finding provides a target for future developmental and preventive research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michel Maziade
- Correspondence to: M. Maziade, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 de la Canardière, Québec, QC G1J 2G3;
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Ensink K, Fonagy P, Berthelot N, Normandin L, Bernazzani O. Response: Behind the closed doors of mentalizing. A commentary on "Another step closer to measuring the ghosts in the nursery: preliminary validation of the Trauma Reflective Functioning Scale". Front Psychol 2015; 6:697. [PMID: 26097458 PMCID: PMC4457017 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Anna Freud Centre London, UK
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Sirois M, Berthelot N, Drouin-Maziade C, Germain P, Martel MJ. [Child abuse and parenting]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2015; 36:44-47. [PMID: 26145302 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maltreatment suffered during childhood has long-term consequences which risk impacting on parenthood. Supporting victims of violence in childhood as they adapt to parenthood represents a challenge for health professionals working in perinatal services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Sirois
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7.
| | - Christine Drouin-Maziade
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
| | - Patricia Germain
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
| | - Marie-Josée Martel
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada/G9A 5H7
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Berthelot N, Ensink K, Bernazzani O, Normandin L, Luyten P, Fonagy P. INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF ATTACHMENT IN ABUSED AND NEGLECTED MOTHERS: THE ROLE OF TRAUMA-SPECIFIC REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING. Infant Ment Health J 2015; 36:200-12. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- Université de Québec à Trois-Rivières and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec and Center of Interdisciplinary Studies and Research on Child and Family Development
| | - Karin Ensink
- Université Laval, Québec and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | | | - Lina Normandin
- Université Laval and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University College London
| | - Peter Fonagy
- University College London and Anna Freud Center; United Kingdom
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Ensink K, Berthelot N, Bernazzani O, Normandin L, Fonagy P. Another step closer to measuring the ghosts in the nursery: preliminary validation of the Trauma Reflective Functioning Scale. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1471. [PMID: 25566146 PMCID: PMC4269108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine preliminary evidence of the validity of the Trauma Reflective Functioning Scale and to investigate reflective functioning (RF) and attachment in pregnant women with histories of trauma, with a particular focus on the capacity to mentalize regarding trauma and its implications for adaptation to pregnancy and couple functioning. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to assess attachment, unresolved trauma and mentalization (measured as RF) regarding relationships with attachment figures (RF-G) and trauma (RF-T) in 100 pregnant women with histories of abuse and neglect. The majority (63%) of women had insecure attachment states of mind and approximately half were unresolved regarding trauma. Furthermore, the majority of women manifested deficits specific to RF-T. Their RF-T was significantly lower than their RF-G; the findings indicate that women with histories of childhood abuse and neglect do not manifest a generic inhibition of reflectiveness, but a collapse of mentalization specific to trauma. Low RF-T, indicative of difficulty in considering traumatic experiences in mental state terms, was associated with difficulty in investment in the pregnancy and lack of positive feelings about the baby and motherhood. In addition, low RF-T was also associated with difficulties in intimate relationships. Results of a regression analysis with RF indicated that RF-T was the best predictor of investment in pregnancy and couple functioning. In sum, the study provides preliminary evidence that RF-T can be reliably measured and is a valid construct that has potential usefulness for research and clinical practice. It highlights the importance of mentalization specifically about trauma and suggests that it is not the experience of trauma per se, but the absence of mentalization regarding trauma that is associated with difficulties in close relationships and in making the transition to parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London London, UK ; Anna Freud Centre London, UK
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Ensink K, Normandin L, Target M, Fonagy P, Sabourin S, Berthelot N. Mentalization in children and mothers in the context of trauma: An initial study of the validity of the Child Reflective Functioning Scale. Br J Dev Psychol 2014; 33:203-17. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Berthelot N, Godbout N, Hébert M, Goulet M, Bergeron S. Prevalence and correlates of childhood sexual abuse in adults consulting for sexual problems. J Sex Marital Ther 2013; 40:434-443. [PMID: 24127985 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2013.772548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in individuals consulting for sexual therapy and to explore the association between a history of childhood sexual abuse and psychological and couple functioning. A sample of 218 adults receiving sex therapy completed questionnaires assessing depressive and anxious symptomatology, as well as dyadic adjustment. Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse was high in women (56%) and men (37%), and clients with a history of childhood sexual abuse were more likely to report psychological and relationship problems. Findings should aware clinicians of the need to assess sexual trauma and related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berthelot
- a Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département des Sciences Infirmières , Trois-Rivières , Québec , Canada
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Ensink K, Maheux J, Normandin L, Sabourin S, Diguer L, Berthelot N, Parent K. The impact of mentalization training on the reflective function of novice therapists: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Res 2013; 23:526-38. [PMID: 23964813 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2013.800950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether training can increase the reflective function (RF) of novice therapists about patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A total of 48 students in clinical psychology were randomly assigned to mentalization training or didactic training. Their RF regarding patients was assessed with the Therapist Mental Activity Scale (TMAS: Normandin, Ensink, & Maheux, 2012). The RF of trainees assigned to the mentalization training improved significantly, while participants who received traditional didactic training actually became significantly less reflective. These findings show that brief mentalization training can help beginner therapists develop their mentalization capacities with challenging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ensink
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Josse D, Barrier G, Cruz C, Ferrante M, Berthelot N. Delayed decontamination effectiveness following skin exposure to the chemical warfare agent VX. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ménard-Szczebara F, Berthelot N, Cavereau D, Oberti S, Héchard Y, Sarroca V, Rivière D, Mazoua S. Occurrence des amibes libres en réseaux d’eau intérieurs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/wqual/2008013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Balaton AJ, Berthelot N, Cuadrado C, Fillon L, Galland I, Gilles C, Lemoine C, Lucas C, Taluau V. [Antigenic retrieval using a pressure cooker]. Ann Pathol 1996; 16:307-9. [PMID: 9172626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This technical note describes antigen retrieval procedures using a pressure cooker. These procedures are perfectly adapted to routine immunohistochemistry and improve the overall quality of immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Balaton
- Centre de Pathologie, Bièvres Hôpital Saint Joseph, Paris
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Pertuiset B, Boccara M, Cebrian J, Berthelot N, Chousterman S, Puvion-Dutilleul F, Sisman J, Sheldrick P. Physical mapping and nucleotide sequence of a herpes simplex virus type 1 gene required for capsid assembly. J Virol 1989; 63:2169-79. [PMID: 2539510 PMCID: PMC250634 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.63.5.2169-2179.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe some phenotypic properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and present data concerning the physical location and nucleotide sequence of the genomic region harboring the mutation. The effect of shifts from the permissive to the nonpermissive temperature on infectious virus production by the mutant A44ts2 indicated that the mutated function is necessary throughout, or late in, the growth cycle. At the nonpermissive temperature, no major differences were detected in viral DNA or protein synthesis with respect to the parent A44ts+. On the other hand, electron microscopy of mutant-infected cells revealed that neither viral capsids nor capsid-related structures were assembled at the nonpermissive temperature. Additional analyses employing the Hirt extraction procedure showed that A44ts2 is also unable to mature replicated viral DNA into unit-length molecules under nonpermissive conditions. The results of marker rescue experiments with intact A44ts2 DNA and cloned restriction fragments of A44ts+ placed the lesion in the coordinate interval 0.553 to 0.565 (1,837 base pairs in region UL) of the HSV-1 physical map. No function has previously been assigned to this region, although it is known to be transcribed into two 5' coterminal mRNAs which code in vitro for a 54,000-molecular-weight polypeptide (K. P. Anderson, R. J. Frink, G. B. Devi, B. H. Gaylord, R. H. Costa, and E. K. Wagner, J. Virol. 37:1011-1027, 1981). We sequenced the interval 0.551 to 0.565 and found an open reading frame (ORF) for a 50,175-molecular-weight polypeptide. The predicted product of this ORF exhibits strong homology with the product of varicella-zoster virus ORF20 and lower, but significant, homology with the product of Epstein-Barr virus BORF1. For the three viruses, the corresponding ORFs lie just upstream of the gene coding for the large subunit of viral ribonucleotide reductase. The ORF described here corresponds to the ORF designated UL38 in the recently published nucleotide sequence of the HSV-1 UL region (D. J. McGeoch, M. A. Dalrymple, A. J. Davison, A. Dolan, M. C. Frame, D. McNab, L. J. Perry, J. E. Scott, and P. Taylor, J. Gen. Virol. 69:1531-1574, 1988).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pertuiset
- Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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Abstract
The genome structure of a herpesvirus isolated from primary cultures of kidney cells from the cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus was elucidated by using electron microscopy and restriction enzyme analysis. The genome, which was about 150 kilobase pairs long and which had an average G + C composition of 45%, consisted of two regions with unique base sequences (54 and 47 kilobase pairs) enclosed by reiterations of a 925-base-pair sequence with a variable copy number. The internal repeats were in opposite polarity with respect to the terminal repeats, and both unique regions underwent inversion. The nucleotide sequence of the repeat unit was determined, and virion DNA termini were precisely localized within this sequence. Elements showing homology with the cleavage-packaging signals common to other herpesviruses were detected. The data indicate that this virus is different from the previously described herpesvirus sylvilagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cebrian
- Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France
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Ebeling A, Keil G, Nowak B, Fleckenstein B, Berthelot N, Sheldrick P. Genome structure and virion polypeptides of the primate herpesviruses Herpesvirus aotus types 1 and 3: comparison with human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 1983; 45:715-26. [PMID: 6300430 PMCID: PMC256467 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.45.2.715-726.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two serologically distinguishable primate herpesviruses, Herpesvirus aotus type 1 and type 3, were examined with regard to their genomes and structural polypeptides. The duplex DNA genomes of these two viruses were found to be essentially identical in molecular weight (Mr approximately equal to 145 X 10(6)) and guanine plus cytosine composition (55%). Both contained unique and inverted repeat nucleotide sequences of the same size and arrangement, which, as judged by DNA-DNA hybridization and restriction enzyme analyses, were at least 95% homologous. In addition, no differences were observed in electrophoretic profiles of virion polypeptides. Because of their great similarity with respect to these criteria, the two viruses ought to be considered independent isolates (or strains) of a single virus, which should be designated H. aotus type 1. The elevated molecular weight and presence of two sets of inverted repeat sequences closely resemble the structure of the human cytomegalovirus genome. However, no sequence homology (less than 5%) nor similarity in virion polypeptides was detected between H. aotus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus.
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Cebrian J, Kaschka-Dierich C, Berthelot N, Sheldrick P. Inverted repeat nucleotide sequences in the genomes of Marek disease virus and the herpesvirus of the turkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:555-8. [PMID: 6281774 PMCID: PMC345783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNAs of two herpesvirus, the oncogenic Marek disease virus and the serologically related herpesvirus of the turkey, were studied by electron microscopy. On the basis of fold-back molecules observed in single-stranded DNA from both viruses, structures have been derived from the overall nucleotide sequence arrangement in their genomes. Although differing in molecular weight, the genomes of Marek disease virus and turkey herpesvirus are both constructed according to the same plan--two regions of unique nucleotide sequence, each enclosed by inverted repeat sequence. The genome structure of these viruses therefore closely resembles that of herpes simplex virus rather than the biologically more similar herpesvirus Epstein--Barr virus, H. saimiri, and H. ateles.
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Danglot G, van der Werf S, Berthelot N, Girard M. Characterization of simian virus 40 transcriptional intermediates in infected CV1 cell nuclei. Biochimie 1979; 61:931-42. [PMID: 230857 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simian Virus (SV40) transcriptional intermediates (T.I.) were isolated from infected cell nuclei incubated in vitro in the presence of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates. The nascent mRNA strands in the viral DNA-RNA hybrid molecules were hydrogen bonded to their template by 200-250 nucleotides on the average, as judged from the extent of their RNase resistance and the aspect of T.I. under electron microscope after treatment with 50 per cent formamide. The RNA polymerase involved (RNA polymerase II) synthesized up to full length transcripts at a rate of approximately 150 nucleotides/min. at 25 degrees C. Each SV40 infected cell was found to contain about 200 active T.I. molecules at the peak of late transcription. The DNA in the T.I. molecules was exclusively form I DNA only in cell infected with the tsA30 mutant of SV40 that had been transferred to non-permissive temperature in order to arrest DNA replication, but both form I DNA and molecules behaving as replicative intermediates (R.I.) in wild type infected cells.
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