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Schneider N, Islam M, Wehrle R, Pätzold S, Brüggemann N, Töpfer R, Herzog K. Deep incorporation of organic amendments into soils of a 'Calardis Musqué' vineyard: effects on greenhouse gas emissions, vine vigor, and grape quality. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1253458. [PMID: 38034571 PMCID: PMC10687477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Traditional wine growing regions are increasingly endangered by climatic alterations. One promising approach to mitigate advancing climate change could be an increase of soil organic matter. Here, especially subsoils are of interest as they provide higher carbon storage potential than topsoils. In this context, vineyard subsoils could be particularly suitable since they are deeply cultivated once before planting and afterwards, left at rest for several decades due to the perennial nature of grapevines. Methods For this purpose, a biochar compost substrate and greenwaste compost were incorporated in up to 0.6 m depth before planting a new experimental vineyard with the fungus-resistant grapevine cultivar 'Calardis Musqué'. The influence of this deep incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions and grapevine performance was evaluated and compared to a non-amended control using sensor-based analyses. Results Increased CO2 emissions and lower N2O emissions were found for the incorporation treatments compared to the control, but these differences were not statistically significant due to high spatial variability. Only few plant traits like chlorophyll content or berry cuticle characteristics were significantly affected in some of the experimental years. Over the course of the study, annual climatic conditions had a much stronger influence on plant vigor and grape quality than the incorporated organic amendments. Discussion In summary, organic soil amendments and their deep incorporation did not have any significant effect on greenhouse gas emissions and no measurable or only negligible effect on grapevine vigor, and grape quality parameters. Thus, according to our study the deposition of organic amendments in vineyard subsoils seems to be an option for viticulture to contribute to carbon storage in soils in order to mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Schneider
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institute, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Islam
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IGB-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Wehrle
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Pätzold
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IGB-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institute, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Katja Herzog
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institute, Siebeldingen, Germany
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Roy J, Reichel R, Brüggemann N, Rillig MC. Functional, not Taxonomic, Composition of Soil Fungi Reestablishes to Pre-mining Initial State After 52 Years of Recultivation. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:213-223. [PMID: 35821127 PMCID: PMC10293406 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Open-cast mining leads to the loss of naturally developed soils and their ecosystem functions and services. Soil restoration after mining aims to restore the agricultural productivity in which the functions of the fungal community play a crucial role. Whether fungi reach a comparable functional state as in the soil before mining within half a century of recultivation is still unanswered. Here, we characterised the soil fungal community using ITS amplicon Illumina sequencing across a 52-year chronosequence of agricultural recultivation after open-cast mining in northern Europe. Both taxonomic and functional community composition showed profound shifts over time, which could be attributed to the changes in nutrient status, especially phosphorus availability. However, taxonomic composition did not reach the pre-mining state, whereas functional composition did. Importantly, we identified a positive development of arbuscular mycorrhizal root fungal symbionts after the initial three years of alfalfa cultivation, followed by a decline after conversion to conventional farming, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi being replaced by soil saprobes. We conclude that appropriate agricultural management can steer the fungal community to its functional pre-mining state despite stochasticity in the reestablishment of soil fungal communities. Nonetheless, conventional agricultural management results in the loss of plant symbionts, favouring non-symbiotic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy
- Institut Für Biologie, Ökologie Der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut Für Biologie, Ökologie Der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Castro-Herrera D, Prost K, Kim DG, Yimer F, Tadesse M, Gebrehiwot M, Brüggemann N. Biochar addition reduces non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions during composting of human excreta and cattle manure. J Environ Qual 2023. [PMID: 37117005 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ecological sanitation combined with thermophilic composting is a viable option to transform human excreta into a stabilized, pathogen-free, and nutrient-rich fertilizer. In combination with suitable bulking materials such as sawdust and straw, and additives such as biochar, this could also be a suitable waste management strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we conducted a 143-days thermophilic composting of human excreta or cattle manure together with teff straw, organic waste, and biochar to investigate the effect that biochar has on GHG (CO2 , N2 O, and CH4 ) and NH3 emissions. The composting was performed in wooden boxes (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.4 m3 ), GHG were measured by using a portable FTIR gas analyzer and NH3 was sampled as ammonium in an H2 SO4 trap. We found that the addition of biochar significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 91% in the cattle manure compost, and N2 O emissions by 56%-57% in both humanure and cattle manure composts. Overall, non-CO2 GHG emissions were reduced by 51%-71%. In contrast, we did not observe a significant biochar effect on CO2 and NH3 emissions. Previous data already showed that it is possible to sanitize human fecal material when using this composting method. Our results suggest that thermophilic composting with biochar addition is a safe and cost-effective waste management practice for producing a nutrient-rich fertilizer from human excreta, while reducing GHG emissions at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Castro-Herrera
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Katharina Prost
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Dong-Gill Kim
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia
| | - Fantaw Yimer
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia
| | - Menfese Tadesse
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia
| | - Mersha Gebrehiwot
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
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Chen H, Rosinger C, Blagodatsky S, Reichel R, Li B, Kumar A, Rothardt S, Luo J, Brüggemann N, Kage H, Bonkowski M. Straw amendment and nitrification inhibitor controlling N losses and immobilization in a soil cooling-warming experiment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 870:162007. [PMID: 36739009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is common practice in agriculture to apply high‑carbon amendments, e.g. straw, or nitrification inhibitors (NI) to reduce soil nitrogen (N) losses. However, little is known on the combined effects of straw and NI and how seasonal soil temperature variations further affect N immobilization. We conducted a 113-day mesocosm experiment with different levels of 15N-fertilizer application (N0: control; N1: 125 kg N ha-1; N2: 250 kg N ha-1) in an agricultural soil, amended with either wheat straw, NI or a combination of both in order to investigate N retention and loss from soil after a cooling-warming phase simulating a seasonal temperature shift, i.e., 30 days cooling phase at 7 °C and 10 days warming phase at 21 °C. Subsequently, soils were planted with barley as phytometers to study 15N-transfer to a following crop. Straw addition significantly reduced soil N-losses due to microbial N immobilization. Although carbon added as straw led to increased N2O emissions at high N fertilization, this was partly counterbalanced by NI. Soil cooling-warming strongly increased ammonification (+77 %), while nitrification was suppressed, and straw-induced microbial N immobilization dominated. N immobilized after straw addition was mineralized at the end of the experiment as indicated by structural equation models. Re-mineralization in N2 was sufficient, but still suboptimal in N0 and N1 at critical times of early barley growth. N-use efficiency of the 15N tracer decreased with fertilization intensity from 50 % in N1 to 35 % in N2, and straw amendment reduced NUE to 25 % at both fertilization rates. Straw amendment was most powerful in reducing N-losses (-41 %), in particular under variable soil temperature conditions, but NI enforced its effects by reducing N2O emission (-40 %) in N2 treatment. Sufficient N-fertilization coupled with straw application is required to adjust the timely re-mineralization of N for subsequent crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosinger
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Bo Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551 Al Ain, UAE
| | - Steffen Rothardt
- Agronomy and Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Henning Kage
- Agronomy and Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Germany
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Cao X, Reichel R, Wissel H, Brüggemann N. Improving nitrogen retention of cattle slurry with oxidized biochar: An incubation study with three different soils. J Environ Qual 2023; 52:1-12. [PMID: 36327389 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of livestock slurry in soils can lead to nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3 ) emission or nitrate (NO3 - ) leaching. Oxidized biochar has great potential to mitigate N losses due to its strong adsorption capacity; however, the effects of oxidized biochar in different soils treated with slurry are currently unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of untreated and oxidized biochar (applied at a rate of 50 kg C m-3 slurry) on reducing N losses in a laboratory experiment with three different soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, loam) amended with cattle slurry at an application rate of 73 kg N ha-1 . Oxidized biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 64-75% in all soils, whereas untreated biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 61% only in the loamy sand. Oxidized biochar significantly reduced the NO3 - content in the soil solution of the loamy sand in the early phase of the incubation and led to a significantly higher NO3 - concentration in the same soil compared with the slurry-only treatment at the end of the experiment, indicating a significant increase in NO3 - retention in this organic C-poor soil. We conclude that oxidized biochar can reduce N losses, both in the form of NH3 emission and NO3 - leaching, from cattle slurry applied to soil, particularly in soil with soil organic carbon content <1% and pH <5 (i.e., oxidized biochar can serve as a means for improving the quality of marginal and acidic soils).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Cao
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Holger Wissel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
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Biasi C, Jokinen S, Prommer J, Ambus P, Dörsch P, Yu L, Granger S, Boeckx P, Van Nieuland K, Brüggemann N, Wissel H, Voropaev A, Zilberman T, Jäntti H, Trubnikova T, Welti N, Voigt C, Gebus‐Czupyt B, Czupyt Z, Wanek W. Challenges in measuring nitrogen isotope signatures in inorganic nitrogen forms: An interlaboratory comparison of three common measurement approaches. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9370. [PMID: 35906712 PMCID: PMC9541070 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope approaches are increasingly applied to better understand the cycling of inorganic nitrogen (Ni ) forms, key limiting nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. A systematic comparison of the accuracy and precision of the most commonly used methods to analyze δ15 N in NO3 - and NH4 + and interlaboratory comparison tests to evaluate the comparability of isotope results between laboratories are, however, still lacking. METHODS Here, we conducted an interlaboratory comparison involving 10 European laboratories to compare different methods and laboratory performance to measure δ15 N in NO3 - and NH4 + . The approaches tested were (a) microdiffusion (MD), (b) chemical conversion (CM), which transforms Ni to either N2 O (CM-N2 O) or N2 (CM-N2 ), and (c) the denitrifier (DN) methods. RESULTS The study showed that standards in their single forms were reasonably replicated by the different methods and laboratories, with laboratories applying CM-N2 O performing superior for both NO3 - and NH4 + , followed by DN. Laboratories using MD significantly underestimated the "true" values due to incomplete recovery and also those using CM-N2 showed issues with isotope fractionation. Most methods and laboratories underestimated the at%15 N of Ni of labeled standards in their single forms, but relative errors were within maximal 6% deviation from the real value and therefore acceptable. The results showed further that MD is strongly biased by nonspecificity. The results of the environmental samples were generally highly variable, with standard deviations (SD) of up to ± 8.4‰ for NO3 - and ± 32.9‰ for NH4 + ; SDs within laboratories were found to be considerably lower (on average 3.1‰). The variability could not be connected to any single factor but next to errors due to blank contamination, isotope normalization, and fractionation, and also matrix effects and analytical errors have to be considered. CONCLUSIONS The inconsistency among all methods and laboratories raises concern about reported δ15 N values particularly from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Simo Jokinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Judith Prommer
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Per Ambus
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Longfei Yu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, EmpaDübendorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory‐ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Katja Van Nieuland
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory‐ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Bio‐ and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG‐3)JülichGermany
| | - Holger Wissel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Bio‐ and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG‐3)JülichGermany
| | | | | | - Helena Jäntti
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Tatiana Trubnikova
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Nina Welti
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Agriculture and Food CSIROUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Carolina Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of GeographyUniversité de MontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Beata Gebus‐Czupyt
- Stable Isotope LaboratoryInstitute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Zbigniew Czupyt
- Micro‐area Analysis LaboratoryPolish Geological Institute—National Research InstituteWarszawaPoland
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Cao X, Reichel R, Brüggemann N. Fenton oxidation of biochar improves retention of cattle slurry nitrogen. J Environ Qual 2022; 51:1319-1326. [PMID: 36193647 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses during fertilization with livestock slurry, mainly in the form of ammonia (NH3 ), can cause environmental problems and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Leonardite, which is characterized by oxygen-rich functional groups and low pH, has been found to decrease losses of slurry N. However, leonardite, as a byproduct of open-cast lignite mining, is not a renewable resource. The objective of this study was to modify biochar by chemical surface oxidation in order to find a sustainable but similarly effective substitute for leonardite. Biochar was produced from spruce sawdust in a pyrolysis oven at a maximum temperature of 610 °C. Then the biochar was oxidized using the Fenton reaction, with a ratio of Fe2+ /H2 O2 of 1:1,000, as a source of highly reactive HO· radicals to introduce oxygen-rich functional groups to the biochar surface. The ammonium (NH4 + ) adsorption capacity of biochar, oxidized biochar, and leonardite was tested in ammonium sulfate [(NH4 )2 SO4 ] solution, pH-adjusted (NH4 )2 SO4 solution, and cattle slurry. The results showed that biochar had the highest total NH4 + adsorption of 1.4 mg N g-1 in (NH4 )2 SO4 solution, whereas oxidized biochar had the highest reversible NH4 + adsorption of 0.8 mg N g-1 . In the pH-adjusted ammonium solution, all materials reduced NH3 emissions by ≥90%, and oxidized biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 99.99%. In contrast, leonardite reduced NH3 emissions the most in cattle slurry, and oxidation of biochar increased the reduction in NH3 emissions from 22 to 67% compared with non-oxidized biochar. In conclusion, biochar oxidized by means of the Fenton reaction greatly decreased NH3 emissions by increased adsorption of NH4 + in cattle slurry compared with non-oxidized biochar, indicating the great potential of oxidized biochar for reducing N losses during slurry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Cao
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
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8
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Werner KA, Schneider D, Poehlein A, Diederich N, Feyen L, Axtmann K, Hübner T, Brüggemann N, Prost K, Daniel R, Grohmann E. Metagenomic Insights Into the Changes of Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenicity Factor Pools Upon Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826071. [PMID: 35432262 PMCID: PMC9009411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In times of climate change, practicing a form of sustainable, climate-resilient and productive agriculture is of primordial importance. Compost could be one form of sustainable fertilizer, which is increasing humus, water holding capacity, and nutrient contents of soils. It could thereby strengthen agriculture toward the adverse effects of climate change, especially when additionally combined with biochar. To get access to sufficient amounts of suitable materials for composting, resources, which are currently treated as waste, such as human excreta, could be a promising option. However, the safety of the produced compost regarding human pathogens, pharmaceuticals (like antibiotics) and related resistance genes must be considered. In this context, we have investigated the effect of 140- and 154-days of thermophilic composting on the hygienization of human excreta and saw dust from dry toilets together with straw and green cuttings with and without addition of biochar. Compost samples were taken at the beginning and end of the composting process and metagenomic analysis was conducted to assess the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogenicity factors of the microbial community over composting. Potential ARGs conferring resistance to major classes of antibiotics, such as beta-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, the MLSB group, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and quinolones were detected in all samples. However, relative abundance of ARGs decreased from the beginning to the end of composting. This trend was also found for genes encoding type III, type IV, and type VI secretion systems, that are involved in pathogenicity, protein effector transport into eukaryotic cells and horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, respectively. The results suggest that the occurrence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms harboring ARGs declines during thermophilic composting. Nevertheless, ARG levels did not decline below the detection limit of quantitative PCR (qPCR). Thresholds for the usage of compost regarding acceptable resistance gene levels are yet to be evaluated and defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A. Werner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nina Diederich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Feyen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Axtmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hübner
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katharina Prost
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grohmann
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth Grohmann,
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9
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Werner KA, Poehlein A, Schneider D, El-Said K, Wöhrmann M, Linkert I, Hübner T, Brüggemann N, Prost K, Daniel R, Grohmann E. Thermophilic Composting of Human Feces: Development of Bacterial Community Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Pool. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:824834. [PMID: 35250940 PMCID: PMC8895236 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.824834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In times of climate change, practicing sustainable, climate-resilient, and productive agriculture is of primordial importance. Compost from different resources, now treated as wastes, could be one form of sustainable fertilizer creating a resilience of agriculture to the adverse effects of climate change. However, the safety of the produced compost regarding human pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and related resistance genes must be considered. We have assessed the effect of thermophilic composting of dry toilet contents, green cuttings, and straw, with and without biochar, on fecal indicators, the bacterial community, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Mature compost samples were analyzed regarding fecal indicator organisms, revealing low levels of Escherichia coli that are in line with German regulations for fertilizers. However, one finding of Salmonella spp. exceeded the threshold value. Cultivation of bacteria from the mature compost resulted in 200 isolates with 36.5% of biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) species. The majority is known as opportunistic pathogens that likewise occur in different environments. A quarter of the isolated BSL-2 strains exhibited multiresistance to different classes of antibiotics. Molecular analysis of total DNA before and after composting revealed changes in bacterial community composition and ARGs. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed a decline of the two most abundant phyla Proteobacteria (start: 36-48%, end: 27-30%) and Firmicutes (start: 13-33%, end: 12-16%), whereas the abundance of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Planctomycetes rose. Groups containing many human pathogens decreased during composting, like Pseudomonadales, Bacilli with Bacillus spp., or Staphylococcaceae and Enterococcaceae. Gene-specific PCR showed a decline in the number of detectable ARGs from 15 before to 8 after composting. The results reveal the importance of sufficiently high temperatures lasting for a sufficiently long period during the thermophilic phase of composting for reducing Salmonella to levels matching the criteria for fertilizers. However, most severe human pathogens that were targeted by isolation conditions were not detected. Cultivation-independent analyses also indicated a decline in bacterial orders comprising many pathogenic bacteria, as well as a decrease in ARGs. In summary, thermophilic composting could be a promising approach for producing hygienically safe organic fertilizer from ecological sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A. Werner
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Khaliel El-Said
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wöhrmann
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Linkert
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hübner
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katharina Prost
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grohmann
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Castro-Herrera D, Prost K, Schäfer Y, Kim DG, Yimer F, Tadesse M, Gebrehiwot M, Brüggemann N. Nutrient dynamics during composting of human excreta, cattle manure, and organic waste affected by biochar. J Environ Qual 2022; 51:19-32. [PMID: 34846756 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecological sanitation via thermophilic composting could be a promising solution to the lack of sanitation and limited access to fertilizers, particularly in developing countries. Here, we conducted a 185-d thermophilic composting experiment with human excreta, and separately with cattle manure, mixed with kitchen scraps, teff [Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter] straw, sawdust, and biochar (BC) by using an appropriate-technology approach. We followed the dynamics of the most important macronutrients (N, P, K), temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, as well as content of organic matter, organic C, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients throughout the process. Low N (<47%), P (<9%), K (<11%), Ca (<18%), and Mg (<21%) losses and the temperature profile indicated a well-functioning thermophilic composting process. Compost temperature was >60 °C for 7, 6, 5, and 8 consecutive days for treatments containing human excreta, human excreta amended with BC, cattle manure, and cattle manure amended with BC, respectively, suggesting a final compost product free of pathogens. The compost mixture with cattle manure and BC reached a significantly higher temperature than the same variant without BC, with a maximum value of 65.9 °C on Day 6. For all treatments, final germination index values >100% indicated compost maturity and the absence of phytotoxic substances. Biochar addition reduced losses of organic matter (18-23%), C (33-42%), and N (49-100%) and decreased the amount of extractable NO3 - (32-36%) in the final compost. The tested ecological sanitation concept via thermophilic composting is thus a promising strategy to improve access to cheap fertilizer by safe and sustainable sanitation and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Castro-Herrera
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Agrosphere, IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Katharina Prost
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Agrosphere, IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Yonas Schäfer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Agrosphere, IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Dong-Gill Kim
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa Univ., Shashamane, P.O. Box 128, Ethiopia
| | - Fantaw Yimer
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa Univ., Shashamane, P.O. Box 128, Ethiopia
| | - Menfese Tadesse
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa Univ., Shashamane, P.O. Box 128, Ethiopia
| | - Mersha Gebrehiwot
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa Univ., Shashamane, P.O. Box 128, Ethiopia
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Agrosphere, IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
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11
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Zhang B, Zhou M, Zhu B, Xiao Q, Wang T, Tang J, Yao Z, Kiese R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Brüggemann N. Soil type affects not only magnitude but also thermal sensitivity of N 2O emissions in subtropical mountain area. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149127. [PMID: 34311350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is a concern whether the effect of soil type on N2O emissions has to be considered for regional mitigation strategies and emission estimates in mountainous areas with inherent spatial heterogeneities of soil type. To date, there were few field experiments which investigated soil type effects on N2O emissions. Thus a 2-year field study was conducted to measure N2O emissions and soil environmental variables from three different soils that were formed from similar parental rock under the same climate. Seasonal N2O fluxes ranged from 0.18 to 0.40 kg N ha-1 for wheat seasons and 0.40 to 1.50 kg N ha-1 for maize seasons across different experimental soils. The intra- and inter-annual variations in N2O emissions were mainly triggered by temporal dynamics of soil temperature and moisture conditions. On average, seasonal N2O fluxes for acidic soils were significantly lower than for neutral and alkaline soils in cold-dry wheat seasons while significantly greater than for neutral and alkaline soils in warm-wet maize seasons. These determined differences of N2O emissions were mainly caused by differences of initial soil properties across different soils. Moreover, seasonal N2O fluxes were positively correlated with soil pH in wheat seasons, but negatively correlated in maize seasons. The temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) of soil N2O emissions for acidic soil (4.06) were significantly greater than those for neutral (1.82) and alkaline (1.15) soils. Overall, N2O emissions for acidic soils were not only higher than those for neutral and alkaline soils but also more sensitive to changing temperature. The present study highlights that soil type is needed to be carefully considered for regional estimate and proposing mitigation strategy of N2O emissions especially in subtropical mountain regions with inherent great heterogeneity of soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qianying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jialiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029 Beijing, PR China
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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12
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Waugh JL, Hassan A, Kuster JK, Levenstein JM, Warfield SK, Makris N, Brüggemann N, Sharma N, Breiter HC, Blood AJ. An MRI method for parcellating the human striatum into matrix and striosome compartments in vivo. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118714. [PMID: 34800665 PMCID: PMC9142299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian striatum is comprised of intermingled tissue compartments, matrix and striosome. Though indistinguishable by routine histological techniques, matrix and striosome have distinct embryologic origins, afferent/efferent connections, surface protein expression, intra-striatal location, susceptibilities to injury, and functional roles in a range of animal behaviors. Distinguishing the compartments previously required post-mortem tissue and/or genetic manipulation; we aimed to identify matrix/striosome non-invasively in living humans. We used diffusion MRI (probabilistic tractography) to identify human striatal voxels with connectivity biased towards matrix-favoring or striosome-favoring regions (determined by prior animal tract-tracing studies). Segmented striatal compartments replicated the topological segregation and somatotopic organization identified in animal matrix/striosome studies. Of brain regions mapped in prior studies, our human brain data confirmed 93% of the compartment-selective structural connectivity demonstrated in animals. Test-retest assessment on repeat scans found a voxel classification error rate of 0.14%. Fractional anisotropy was significantly higher in matrix-like voxels, while mean diffusivity did not differ between the compartments. As mapped by the Talairach human brain atlas, 460 regions were significantly biased towards either matrix or striosome. Our method allows the study of striatal compartments in human health and disease, in vivo, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - Aao Hassan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J K Kuster
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Section, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - J M Levenstein
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, United States; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - S K Warfield
- Department of Radiology, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - N Makris
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Morphometric Analysis, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - N Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - N Sharma
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.
| | - H C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - A J Blood
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, United States.
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13
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Roy J, Rineau F, De Boeck HJ, Nijs I, Pütz T, Abiven S, Arnone JA, Barton CVM, Beenaerts N, Brüggemann N, Dainese M, Domisch T, Eisenhauer N, Garré S, Gebler A, Ghirardo A, Jasoni RL, Kowalchuk G, Landais D, Larsen SH, Leemans V, Le Galliard J, Longdoz B, Massol F, Mikkelsen TN, Niedrist G, Piel C, Ravel O, Sauze J, Schmidt A, Schnitzler J, Teixeira LH, Tjoelker MG, Weisser WW, Winkler B, Milcu A. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:1387-1407. [PMID: 33274502 PMCID: PMC7986626 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad-spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.
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14
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Harris E, Diaz-Pines E, Stoll E, Schloter M, Schulz S, Duffner C, Li K, Moore KL, Ingrisch J, Reinthaler D, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Glatzel S, Brüggemann N, Bahn M. Denitrifying pathways dominate nitrous oxide emissions from managed grassland during drought and rewetting. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabb7118. [PMID: 33547069 PMCID: PMC7864578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas whose atmospheric growth rate has accelerated over the past decade. Most anthropogenic N2O emissions result from soil N fertilization, which is converted to N2O via oxic nitrification and anoxic denitrification pathways. Drought-affected soils are expected to be well oxygenated; however, using high-resolution isotopic measurements, we found that denitrifying pathways dominated N2O emissions during a severe drought applied to managed grassland. This was due to a reversible, drought-induced enrichment in nitrogen-bearing organic matter on soil microaggregates and suggested a strong role for chemo- or codenitrification. Throughout rewetting, denitrification dominated emissions, despite high variability in fluxes. Total N2O flux and denitrification contribution were significantly higher during rewetting than for control plots at the same soil moisture range. The observed feedbacks between precipitation changes induced by climate change and N2O emission pathways are sufficient to account for the accelerating N2O growth rate observed over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harris
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - E Diaz-Pines
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - E Stoll
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - S Schulz
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Duffner
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - K Li
- Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K L Moore
- Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J Ingrisch
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Reinthaler
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Zechmeister-Boltenstern
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Glatzel
- Geoecology, Department of Geography and Regional Research, Faculty of Geosciences, Geography, and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - N Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Bahn
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Schmid CAO, Reichel R, Schröder P, Brüggemann N, Schloter M. 52 years of ecological restoration following a major disturbance by opencast lignite mining does not reassemble microbiome structures of the original arable soils. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:140955. [PMID: 32721609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Opencast mining for lignite continuously creates areas of land that require restoration. Here we applied a chronosequence approach to investigate the development of soil bacterial communities during 52 years as influenced by the restoration process and subsequent changes in soil physico-chemical conditions starting from the initial reclamation of the sites. By comparison with the unaffected soils near the mine, we were able to address the question if soil bacterial communities have reached a steady state within 52 years, which is comparable to the original soil. Our study revealed three distinct phases of the restoration process, each with a specific bacterial community composition. The effect size of these changes was similar to the one observed for seasonal dynamics at our sites. At the beginning of the restoration process Flavobacteriaceae, Cytophagaceae and Sphingobacteriaceae were found as typical members of the bacterial community as well as Rhizobiales as a result of the cultivation of alfalfa on the restored plots. At later stage the families Peptostreptococcaceae, Desulfurellaceae as well as Streptomycetaceae increased in relative abundance and became dominant members of the bacterial community. Even though overall bacterial abundance and richness exhibited values comparable to the original soil already 5 years after the start of the restoration process, main responder analyses reveal differences in the bacterial community structure even 52 years after the start of the restoration process. Mostly Nitrospirae were reduced in abundance in the soils restored for 52 years compared to the original soils. To broaden the significance of our study, we compared our data bioinformatically with published results from other restored areas, which were previously affected by opencast mining. Despite different durations of the different restoration phase, we could observe a large degree of conformity when bacterial patterns of succession were compared indicating common modes of action of ecological restoration tools for bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A O Schmid
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Chair of Soil Science, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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16
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Casas CC, Graf A, Brüggemann N, Schaschke CJ, Jorat ME. Dolerite Fines Used as a Calcium Source for Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Reduce the Environmental Carbon Cost in Sandy Soil. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:557119. [PMID: 33013787 PMCID: PMC7505998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) stimulates soil microbiota to induce a cementation of the soil matrix. Urea, calcium and simple carbon nutrients are supplied to produce carbonates via urea hydrolysis and induce the precipitation of the mineral calcite. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is typically used as a source for calcium, but basic silicate rocks and other materials have been investigated as alternatives. Weathering of calcium-rich silicate rocks (e.g., basalt and dolerite) releases calcium, magnesium and iron; this process is associated with sequestration of atmospheric CO2 and formation of pedogenic carbonates. We investigated atmospheric carbon fluxes of a MICP treated sandy soil using CaCl2 and dolerite fines applied on the soil surface as sources for calcium. Soil-atmosphere carbon fluxes were monitored over 2 months and determined with an infrared gas analyser connected to a soil chamber. Soil inorganic carbon content and isotopic composition were determined with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. In addition, soil-atmosphere CO2 fluxes during chemical weathering of dolerite fines were investigated in incubation experiments with gas chromatography. Larger CO2 emissions resulted from the application of dolerite fines (116 g CO2-C m–2) compared to CaCl2 (79 g CO2-C m–2) but larger inorganic carbon precipitation also occurred (172.8 and 76.9 g C m–2, respectively). Normalising to the emitted carbon to precipitated carbon, the environmental carbon cost was reduced with dolerite fines (0.67) compared to the traditional MICP treatment (1.01). The carbon isotopic signature indicated pedogenic carbonates (δ13Cav = −8.2 ± 5.0‰) formed when dolerite was applied and carbon originating from urea (δ13Cav = −46.4 ± 1.0‰) precipitated when CaCl2 was used. Dolerite fines had a large but short-lived (<2 d) carbon sequestration potential, and results indicated peak CO2 emissions during MICP could be balanced optimising the application of dolerite fines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Casas
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Graf
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carl J Schaschke
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - M Ehsan Jorat
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
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17
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Graf A, Klosterhalfen A, Arriga N, Bernhofer C, Bogena H, Bornet F, Brüggemann N, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Chi J, Chipeaux C, Cremonese E, Cuntz M, Dušek J, El-Madany TS, Fares S, Fischer M, Foltýnová L, Gharun M, Ghiasi S, Gielen B, Gottschalk P, Grünwald T, Heinemann G, Heinesch B, Heliasz M, Holst J, Hörtnagl L, Ibrom A, Ingwersen J, Jurasinski G, Klatt J, Knohl A, Koebsch F, Konopka J, Korkiakoski M, Kowalska N, Kremer P, Kruijt B, Lafont S, Léonard J, De Ligne A, Longdoz B, Loustau D, Magliulo V, Mammarella I, Manca G, Mauder M, Migliavacca M, Mölder M, Neirynck J, Ney P, Nilsson M, Paul-Limoges E, Peichl M, Pitacco A, Poyda A, Rebmann C, Roland M, Sachs T, Schmidt M, Schrader F, Siebicke L, Šigut L, Tuittila ES, Varlagin A, Vendrame N, Vincke C, Völksch I, Weber S, Wille C, Wizemann HD, Zeeman M, Vereecken H. Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190524. [PMID: 32892732 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004-2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Graf
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne Klosterhalfen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Christian Bernhofer
- Chair of Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Heye Bogena
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frédéric Bornet
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Liège, Université de Lille, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 02000 Barenton-Bugny, France
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Brümmer
- Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jinshu Chi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Italy
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Unité mixte de Recherche Silva, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tarek S El-Madany
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council (NRC), Institute of Bioeconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Milan Fischer
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foltýnová
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bert Gielen
- University of Antwerp, Plants and Ecosystems, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pia Gottschalk
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Grünwald
- Chair of Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Günther Heinemann
- Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Michal Heliasz
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jutta Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joachim Ingwersen
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerald Jurasinski
- Department for Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, Justus von Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Janina Klatt
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Koebsch
- Department for Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, Justus von Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Konopka
- Climatology and Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mika Korkiakoski
- Climate System Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Kowalska
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Kremer
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Lafont
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Joël Léonard
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Liège, Université de Lille, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 02000 Barenton-Bugny, France
| | - Anne De Ligne
- Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Longdoz
- Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Denis Loustau
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- CNR - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems, Via Patacca, 85, 80040 Ercolano (Napoli), Italy
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2B, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Matthias Mauder
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Meelis Mölder
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Neirynck
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, INBO, Havenlaan 88 Box 73, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Ney
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eugénie Paul-Limoges
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstraße 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arne Poyda
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department Computational Hydrosystems, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marilyn Roland
- University of Antwerp, Plants and Ecosystems, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Torsten Sachs
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frederik Schrader
- Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- Laboratory of Biocentology, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr.33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nadia Vendrame
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Caroline Vincke
- Environmental Sciences, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ingo Völksch
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Stephan Weber
- Climatology and Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Wizemann
- Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Zeeman
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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Bönecke E, Breitsameter L, Brüggemann N, Chen TW, Feike T, Kage H, Kersebaum KC, Piepho HP, Stützel H. Decoupling of impact factors reveals the response of German winter wheat yields to climatic changes. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3601-3626. [PMID: 32154969 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Yield development of agricultural crops over time is not merely the result of genetic and agronomic factors, but also the outcome of a complex interaction between climatic and site-specific soil conditions. However, the influence of past climatic changes on yield trends remains unclear, particularly under consideration of different soil conditions. In this study, we determine the effects of single agrometeorological factors on the evolution of German winter wheat yields between 1958 and 2015 from 298 published nitrogen (N)-fertilization experiments. For this purpose, we separate climatic from genetic and agronomic yield effects using linear mixed effect models and estimate the climatic influence based on a coefficient of determination for these models. We found earlier occurrence of wheat growth stages, and shortened development phases except for the phase of stem elongation. Agrometeorological factors are defined as climate covariates related to the growth of winter wheat. Our results indicate a general and strong effect of agroclimatic changes on yield development, in particular due to increasing mean temperatures and heat stress events during the grain-filling period. Except for heat stress days with more than 31°C, yields at sites with higher yield potential were less prone to adverse weather effects than at sites with lower yield potential. Our data furthermore reveal that a potential yield levelling, as found for many West-European countries, predominantly occurred at sites with relatively low yield potential and about one decade earlier (mid-1980s) compared to averaged yield data for the whole of Germany. Interestingly, effects related to high precipitation events were less relevant than temperature-related effects and became relevant particularly during the vegetative growth phase. Overall, this study emphasizes the sensitivity of yield productivity to past climatic conditions, under consideration of regional differences, and underlines the necessity of finding adaptation strategies for food production under ongoing and expected climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bönecke
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Next-Generation Horticultural Systems, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Laura Breitsameter
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tsu-Wei Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Til Feike
- Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Henning Kage
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kurt-Christian Kersebaum
- Research Platform "Models & Simulation", Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut Stützel
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Kühnhammer K, Kübert A, Brüggemann N, Deseano Diaz P, van Dusschoten D, Javaux M, Merz S, Vereecken H, Dubbert M, Rothfuss Y. Investigating the root plasticity response of Centaurea jacea to soil water availability changes from isotopic analysis. New Phytol 2020; 226:98-110. [PMID: 31792975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root water uptake is a key ecohydrological process for which a physically based understanding has been developed in the past decades. However, due to methodological constraints, knowledge gaps remain about the plastic response of whole plant root systems to a rapidly changing environment. We designed a laboratory system for nondestructive monitoring of stable isotopic composition in plant transpiration of a herbaceous species (Centaurea jacea) and of soil water across depths, taking advantage of newly developed in situ methods. Daily root water uptake profiles were obtained using a statistical Bayesian multisource mixing model. Fast shifts in the isotopic composition of both soil and transpiration water could be observed with the setup and translated into dynamic and pronounced shifts of the root water uptake profile, even in well watered conditions. The incorporation of plant physiological and soil physical information into statistical modelling improved the model output. A simple exercise of water balance closure underlined the nonunique relationship between root water uptake profile on the one hand, and water content and root distribution profiles on the other, illustrating the continuous adaption of the plant water uptake as a function of its root hydraulic architecture and soil water availability during the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kühnhammer
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Paulina Deseano Diaz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar van Dusschoten
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mathieu Javaux
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Steffen Merz
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Youri Rothfuss
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
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20
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Wu D, Well R, Cárdenas LM, Fuß R, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Köster JR, Brüggemann N, Bol R. Quantifying N 2O reduction to N 2 during denitrification in soils via isotopic mapping approach: Model evaluation and uncertainty analysis. Environ Res 2019; 179:108806. [PMID: 31627026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The last step of denitrification, i.e. the reduction of N2O to N2, has been intensively studied in the laboratory to understand the denitrification process, predict nitrogen fertiliser losses, and to establish mitigation strategies for N2O. However, assessing N2 production via denitrification at large spatial scales is still not possible due to lack of reliable quantitative approaches. Here, we present a novel numerical "mapping approach" model using the δ15Nsp/δ18O slope that has been proposed to potentially be used to indirectly quantify N2O reduction to N2 at field or larger spatial scales. We evaluate the model using data obtained from seven independent soil incubation studies conducted under a He-O2 atmosphere. Furthermore, we analyse the contribution of different parameters to the uncertainty of the model. The model performance strongly differed between studies and incubation conditions. Re-evaluation of the previous data set demonstrated that using soils-specific instead of default endmember values could largely improve model performance. Since the uncertainty of modelled N2O reduction was relatively high, further improvements to estimate model parameters to obtain more precise estimations remain an on-going matter, e.g. by determination of soil-specific isotope fractionation factors and isotopocule endmember values of N2O production processes using controlled laboratory incubations. The applicability of the mapping approach model is promising with an increasing availability of real-time and field based analysis of N2O isotope signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Roland Fuß
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jan Reent Köster
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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21
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Atakora WK, Kwakye PK, Weymann D, Brüggemann N. Stimulus of nitrogen fertilizers and soil characteristics on maize yield and nitrous oxide emission from Ferric Luvisol in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana. Scientific African 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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22
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Kits KD, Jung MY, Vierheilig J, Pjevac P, Sedlacek CJ, Liu S, Herbold C, Stein LY, Richter A, Wissel H, Brüggemann N, Wagner M, Daims H. Low yield and abiotic origin of N 2O formed by the complete nitrifier Nitrospira inopinata. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1836. [PMID: 31015413 PMCID: PMC6478695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) are atmospheric trace gases that contribute to climate change and affect stratospheric and ground-level ozone concentrations. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are key players in the nitrogen cycle and major producers of N2O and NO globally. However, nothing is known about N2O and NO production by the recently discovered and widely distributed complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). Here, we show that the comammox bacterium Nitrospira inopinata is sensitive to inhibition by an NO scavenger, cannot denitrify to N2O, and emits N2O at levels that are comparable to AOA but much lower than AOB. Furthermore, we demonstrate that N2O formed by N. inopinata formed under varying oxygen regimes originates from abiotic conversion of hydroxylamine. Our findings indicate that comammox microbes may produce less N2O during nitrification than AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dimitri Kits
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Man-Young Jung
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vierheilig
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Water Quality and Health, Krems, 3500, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher J Sedlacek
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shurong Liu
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Y Stein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Andreas Richter
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Wissel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Holger Daims
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Arkadir D, Dinur T, Becker Cohen M, Revel-Vilk S, Tiomkin M, Brüggemann N, Cozma C, Rolfs A, Zimran A. Prodromal substantia nigra sonography undermines suggested association between substrate accumulation and the risk for GBA-related Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1013-1018. [PMID: 30714262 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Individuals with GBA (glucocerebrosidase) mutations are at increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is still debated, however, whether this increased risk results from impaired glucocerebrosidase activity leading to substrate accumulation. Comparing the presence of prodromal PD marker in GBA mutation carriers and patients with Gaucher disease (GD) (in which substrate accumulation is extensive) can assist in clarifying this issue. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we compared the hyperechogenic area of the substantia nigra, a prodromal PD marker, in large cohorts of GBA mutation carriers (n = 71) and patients with GD (n = 145). Our control populations were healthy, non-carriers (n = 49) and patients with GBA -related PD (n = 11). Substrate accumulation was assessed from dry blood spot levels of glucosylsphingosine. RESULTS Our findings indicate no contribution of substrate accumulation, as the area of hyperechogenicity is similarly enlarged relative to healthy controls in both GBA mutation carriers and patients with GD. Moreover, this similarity between GBA carriers and patients with GD persists when comparing only carriers of the N370S (c.1226A>G) mutation (n = 38) with untreated patients with GD who were homozygotes for the same mutation (n = 47). In addition, measurements of hyperechogenic area did not correlate with levels of glucosylsphingosine in the untreated patients with GD. CONCLUSION The presence of a marker of prodromal PD (substantia nigra hyperechogenicity) is independent of substrate accumulation in a population with mutated GBA . Although further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the precise predictive value of this marker for GBA -related PD, our findings raise doubts regarding the contribution of substance reduction strategies to PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
| | - T Dinur
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Becker Cohen
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Tiomkin
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | | | - A Rolfs
- Centogene AG, Rostock.,Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neurodegeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Zimran
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Meredith LK, Ogée J, Boye K, Singer E, Wingate L, von Sperber C, Sengupta A, Whelan M, Pang E, Keiluweit M, Brüggemann N, Berry JA, Welander PV. Soil exchange rates of COS and CO 18O differ with the diversity of microbial communities and their carbonic anhydrase enzymes. ISME J 2018; 13:290-300. [PMID: 30214028 PMCID: PMC6330096 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating the contributions of photosynthesis and respiration to the global carbon cycle is critical for improving predictive climate models. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in leaves is responsible for the largest biosphere-atmosphere trace gas fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and the oxygen-18 isotopologue of carbon dioxide (CO18O) that both reflect gross photosynthetic rates. However, CA activity also occurs in soils and will be a source of uncertainty in the use of COS and CO18O as carbon cycle tracers until process-based constraints are improved. In this study, we measured COS and CO18O exchange rates and estimated the corresponding CA activity in soils from a range of biomes and land use types. Soil CA activity was not uniform for COS and CO2, and patterns of divergence were related to microbial community composition and CA gene expression patterns. In some cases, the same microbial taxa and CA classes catalyzed both COS and CO2 reactions in soil, but in other cases the specificity towards the two substrates differed markedly. CA activity for COS was related to fungal taxa and β-D-CA expression, whereas CA activity for CO2 was related to algal and bacterial taxa and α-CA expression. This study integrates gas exchange measurements, enzyme activity models, and characterization of soil taxonomic and genetic diversity to build connections between CA activity and the soil microbiome. Importantly, our results identify kinetic parameters to represent soil CA activity during application of COS and CO18O as carbon cycle tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Meredith
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRA/Bordeaux Science Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, 33140, France
| | - Kristin Boye
- SLAC National Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Esther Singer
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRA/Bordeaux Science Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, 33140, France
| | - Christian von Sperber
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany.,Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Aditi Sengupta
- University of Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mary Whelan
- Department of Global Change Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Erin Pang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Joe A Berry
- Department of Global Change Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paula V Welander
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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25
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Reichel R, Wei J, Islam MS, Schmid C, Wissel H, Schröder P, Schloter M, Brüggemann N. Potential of Wheat Straw, Spruce Sawdust, and Lignin as High Organic Carbon Soil Amendments to Improve Agricultural Nitrogen Retention Capacity: An Incubation Study. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:900. [PMID: 30002668 PMCID: PMC6031754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants like winter wheat are known for their insufficient N uptake between sowing and the following growing season. Especially after N-rich crops like oilseed rape or field bean, nitrogen retention of the available soil N can be poor, and the risk of contamination of the hydrosphere with nitrate (NO3-) and the atmosphere with nitrous oxide (N2O) is high. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to preserve these unused N resources for subsequent agricultural production. High organic carbon soil amendments (HCA) like wheat straw promote microbial N immobilization by stimulating microbes to take up N from soil. In order to test the suitability of different HCA for immobilization of excess N, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment with soil columns, each containing 8 kg of sandy loam of an agricultural Ap horizon. We created a scenario with high soil mineral N content by adding 150 kg NH4+-N ha-1 to soil that received either wheat straw, spruce sawdust or lignin at a rate of 4.5 t C ha-1, or no HCA as control. Wheat straw turned out to be suitable for fast immobilization of excess N in the form of microbial biomass N (up to 42 kg N ha-1), followed by sawdust. However, under the experimental conditions this effect weakened over a few weeks, finally ranging between 8 and 15 kg N ha-1 immobilized in microbial biomass in the spruce sawdust and wheat straw treatment, respectively. Pure lignin did not stimulate microbial N immobilization. We also revealed that N immobilization by the remaining straw and sawdust HCA material in the soil had a greater importance for storage of excess N (on average 24 kg N ha-1) than microbial N immobilization over the 4 months. N fertilization and HCA influenced the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea as the key players for nitrification, as well as the abundance of denitrifiers. Soil with spruce sawdust emitted more N2O compared to soil with wheat straw, which in relation released more CO2, resulting in a comparable overall global warming potential. However, this was counterbalanced by advantages like N immobilization and mitigation of potential NO3- losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Jing Wei
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Muhammad S. Islam
- General and Theoretical Ecology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Wissel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
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26
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Capetian P, Stanslowsky N, Bernhardi E, Grütz K, Domingo A, Brüggemann N, Naujock M, Seibler P, Klein C, Wegner F. Altered glutamate response and calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived striatal neurons from XDP patients. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:47-58. [PMID: 29944858 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative disorder endemic to Panay Island (Philippines). Patients present with generalizing dystonia and parkinsonism. Genetic changes surrounding the TAF1 (TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1) gene have been associated with XDP inducing a degeneration of striatal spiny projection neurons. There is little knowledge about the pathophysiology of this disorder. Our objective was to generate and analyze an in-vitro model of XDP based on striatal neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We generated iPSC from patient and healthy control fibroblasts (3 affected, 3 controls), followed by directed differentiation of the cultures towards striatal neurons. Cells underwent characterization of immunophenotype as well as neuronal function, glutamate receptor properties and calcium dynamics by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging. Furthermore, we evaluated expression levels of AMPA receptor subunits and voltage-gated calcium channels by quantitative real-time PCR. We observed no differences in basic electrophysiological properties. Application of the AMPA antagonist NBQX led to a more pronounced reduction of postsynaptic currents in XDP neurons. There was a higher expression of AMPA receptor subunits in patient-derived neurons. Basal calcium levels were lower in neurons derived from XDP patients and cells with spontaneous calcium transients were more frequent. Our data suggest altered glutamate response and calcium dynamics in striatal XDP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Capetian
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany.
| | - N Stanslowsky
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - E Bernhardi
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Grütz
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Domingo
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - N Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Naujock
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - P Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany.
| | - F Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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27
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Hasselbacher K, Steffen A, Wandinger KP, Brüggemann N. IgLON5 antibodies are infrequent in patients with isolated sleep apnea. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:e46-e47. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hasselbacher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - A. Steffen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - K.-P. Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - N. Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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28
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Zittel S, Tadic V, Moll CKE, Bäumer T, Fellbrich A, Gulberti A, Rasche D, Brüggemann N, Tronnier V, Münchau A. Prospective evaluation of Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in Huntington's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 51:96-100. [PMID: 29486999 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacological treatment of chorea in Huntington's disease (HD) is often limited by poor efficacy or side effects. Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered in these patients but experience is so far limited. METHODS We prospectively evaluated the effects of bilateral DBS of the Globus pallidus internus (GPi) over one year in six severely affected HD patients with treatment refractory chorea in an advanced stage of the disease. Primary endpoint of the study was improvement in chorea. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of GPi DBS on the motor part of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), bradykinesia, dystonia, functional impairment, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. Side effects were systematically assessed. RESULTS The chorea subscore was significantly reduced postoperatively (-47% six months, -40% twelve months postoperatively). The UHDRS total motor score was significantly reduced at six months postoperatively (- 17%) but the effect was not sustained twelve months after the operation (- 5%). Pallidal DBS did not improve other motor symptoms or functional impairment. There was no effect on psychiatric symptoms or cognition. A number of side effects were noted, especially spasticity in three of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Pallidal DBS is a treatment option for HD patients with severe pharmacologically refractory chorea. Further studies are needed to define optimal candidates for this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zittel
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - V Tadic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C K E Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - T Bäumer
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Fellbrich
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Gulberti
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - D Rasche
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - N Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - V Tronnier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Münchau
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Univ. of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Institute of Groundwater EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenMünchenGermany
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30
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Liu S, Han P, Hink L, Prosser JI, Wagner M, Brüggemann N. Abiotic Conversion of Extracellular NH 2OH Contributes to N 2O Emission during Ammonia Oxidation. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:13122-13132. [PMID: 29039187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic processes involving the reactive ammonia-oxidation intermediates nitric oxide (NO) or hydroxylamine (NH2OH) for N2O production have been indicated recently. The latter process would require the availability of substantial amounts of free NH2OH for chemical reactions during ammonia (NH3) oxidation, but little is known about extracellular NH2OH formation by the different clades of ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Here we determined extracellular NH2OH concentrations in culture media of several ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), as well as one complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) enrichment (Ca. Nitrospira inopinata) during incubation under standard cultivation conditions. NH2OH was measurable in the incubation media of Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosospira multiformis, Nitrososphaera gargensis, and Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis, but not in media of the other tested AOB and AOA. NH2OH was also formed by the comammox enrichment during NH3 oxidation. This enrichment exhibited the largest NH2OH:final product ratio (1.92%), followed by N. multiformis (0.56%) and N. gargensis (0.46%). The maximum proportions of NH4+ converted to N2O via extracellular NH2OH during incubation, estimated on the basis of NH2OH abiotic conversion rates, were 0.12%, 0.08%, and 0.14% for AOB, AOA, and Ca. Nitrospira inopinata, respectively, and were consistent with published NH4+:N2O conversion ratios for AOB and AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Liu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network Chemistry meets Microbiology, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Linda Hink
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - James I Prosser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network Chemistry meets Microbiology, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
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31
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Wu B, Wiekenkamp I, Sun Y, Fisher AS, Clough R, Gottselig N, Bogena H, Pütz T, Brüggemann N, Vereecken H, Bol R. A Dataset for Three-Dimensional Distribution of 39 Elements Including Plant Nutrients and Other Metals and Metalloids in the Soils of a Forested Headwater Catchment. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:1510-1518. [PMID: 29293837 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.05.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantification and evaluation of elemental distribution in forested ecosystems are key requirements to understand element fluxes and their relationship with hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the system. However, datasets supporting such a study on the catchment scale are still limited. Here we provide a dataset comprising spatially highly resolved distributions of 39 elements in soil profiles of a small forested headwater catchment in western Germany () to gain a holistic picture of the state and fluxes of elements in the catchment. The elements include both plant nutrients and other metals and metalloids that were predominately derived from lithospheric or anthropogenic inputs, thereby allowing us to not only capture the nutrient status of the catchment but to also estimate the functional development of the ecosystem. Soil samples were collected at high lateral resolution (≤60 m), and element concentrations were determined vertically for four soil horizons (L/Of, Oh, A, B). From this, a three-dimensional view of the distribution of these elements could be established with high spatial resolution on the catchment scale in a temperate natural forested ecosystem. The dataset can be combined with other datasets and studies of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) Data Discovery Portal () to reveal elemental fluxes, establish relations between elements and other soil properties, and/or as input for modeling elemental cycling in temperate forested ecosystems.
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Prasuhn J, Piskol L, Vollstedt EJ, Graf J, Schmidt A, Tadic V, Tunc S, Hampf J, Warrlich E, Bibergeil C, Hagenah J, Klein C, Kasten M, Brüggemann N. Non-motor symptoms and quality of life in subjects with mild parkinsonian signs. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136:495-500. [PMID: 28345787 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild parkinsonian signs (MPS) are frequent in the elderly population and associated with the presence of risk markers for Parkinson's disease (PD). Both MPS and non-motor signs may be present in prodromal PD and may significantly impair quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE To disentangle the contribution of motor impairment and extra-motor manifestations to QoL in subjects with MPS (n=63), manifest PD (n=69), disorders with motor symptoms due to non-neurodegenerative diseases (n=213) and healthy controls (n=258). METHODS Subjects with MPS, healthy controls, disease controls (patients with motor impairment due to, eg, arthrosis and spondylosis), and PD patients (total n=603) were selected from a large epidemiological longitudinal study, the EPIPARK cohort. Motor function was determined using the UPDRSIII protocol, and information on depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep, and QoL was assessed via rating scales and data were analyzed. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep problems were equally frequent in the MPS group and controls. Health-related QoL was slightly reduced in the MPS group. Motor impairment and its extent was comparable between the MPS group and disease controls (UPDRSIII 5-6 points). Higher motor dysfunction was associated with lower QoL. Depressive symptoms, but not anxiety and daytime sleepiness, was significant predictors of general QoL, independent of motor function. CONCLUSIONS Quality of life is slightly decreased in an elderly population with MPS. QoL is associated with severity of motor impairment but also with non-motor aspects, ie, depressive symptoms. Follow-up studies in large cohorts are warranted to determine the natural course of MPS and its impact on QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - L. Piskol
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - E.-J. Vollstedt
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - J. Graf
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - A. Schmidt
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians’ Health; Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Berlin Center for Musicians’ Medicine; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - V. Tadic
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - S. Tunc
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - J. Hampf
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - E. Warrlich
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - C. Bibergeil
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - J. Hagenah
- Department of Neurology; Westküstenklinikum Heide; Heide Germany
| | - C. Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - M. Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - N. Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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Zhou M, Zhu B, Wang S, Zhu X, Vereecken H, Brüggemann N. Stimulation of N 2 O emission by manure application to agricultural soils may largely offset carbon benefits: a global meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:4068-4083. [PMID: 28142211 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure application as organic fertilizer does not only sustain agricultural productivity and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, but also affects soil nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions. However, given that the sign and magnitude of manure effects on soil N2 O emissions is uncertain, the net climatic impact of manure application in arable land is unknown. Here, we performed a global meta-analysis using field experimental data published in peer-reviewed journals prior to December 2015. In this meta-analysis, we quantified the responses of N2 O emissions to manure application relative to synthetic N fertilizer application from individual studies and analyzed manure characteristics, experimental duration, climate, and soil properties as explanatory factors. Manure application significantly increased N2 O emissions by an average 32.7% (95% confidence interval: 5.1-58.2%) compared to application of synthetic N fertilizer alone. The significant stimulation of N2 O emissions occurred following cattle and poultry manure applications, subsurface manure application, and raw manure application. Furthermore, the significant stimulatory effects on N2 O emissions were also observed for warm temperate climate, acid soils (pH < 6.5), and soil texture classes of sandy loam and clay loam. Average direct N2 O emission factors (EFs) of 1.87% and 0.24% were estimated for upland soils and rice paddy soils receiving manure application, respectively. Although manure application increased SOC stocks, our study suggested that the benefit of increasing SOC stocks as GHG sinks could be largely offset by stimulation of soil N2 O emissions and aggravated by CH4 emissions if, particularly for rice paddy soils, the stimulation of CH4 emissions by manure application was taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhou
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081, Guiyang, China
- Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Anshun, 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- College of Surveying and Planning, Shangqiu Normal University, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Roy J, Reichel R, Brüggemann N, Hempel S, Rillig MC. Succession of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a 52-year agricultural recultivation chronosequence. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:4082724. [PMID: 28922802 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provide a range of functions in natural and managed ecosystems. However, the trajectory of AM fungal diversity after land degradation is poorly known. We studied the succession of AM fungi along an agricultural recultivation chronosequence after open-cast mining near Cologne, Germany. We used high-throughput sequencing of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA genes to characterize the soil AM fungal communities of 10 agricultural fields spanning 52 years of recultivation. During three years, soils are recultivated with a legume, and then converted to agriculture to be later returned to local farmers implementing conventional agriculture. Our data reveal a quick and strong recovery of AM fungal richness after a few years of recultivation, but also a rapid decline following years of conventional agriculture. The community structure was strongly correlated to mineral nitrogen and phosphorus, richness peaking at high N:P ratio. This work represents the first molecular data documenting temporal patterns of AM fungal communities in agriculture; it shows the deleterious effect of conventional agricultural practices on AM fungal communities developing over time. Nonetheless, the highly dynamic nature of AM fungal communities suggests strategies for site-level management for which considering N:P stoichiometry is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Wei J, Zhou M, Vereecken H, Brüggemann N. Large variability in CO 2 and N 2 O emissions and in 15 N site preference of N 2 O from reactions of nitrite with lignin and its derivatives at different pH. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:1333-1343. [PMID: 28557104 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chemodenitrification is an important N2 O source in soil; however, knowledge about the production of CO2 and N2 O from abiotic nitrite-SOM reactions, especially the N2 O isotopic signatures (intramolecular 15 N site preference (SP), and δ15 Nbulk and δ18 O values), is quite limited at present. METHODS N2 O and CO2 emissions from chemical reactions of nitrite with lignin products were determined with gas chromatography, and their response surfaces as a function of pH from 3 to 6 and nitrite concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 mM were explored with polynomial regression. The intramolecular 15 N distribution of N2 O, as well as δ15 Nbulk and δ18 O values, were measured with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an online pre-concentration unit. The variability in N2 O SP values was tested from pH 3 to 5, and for nitrite concentrations from 0.3 to 0.5 mM. RESULTS Both CO2 and N2 O emissions varied largely with pH and the structure of lignin products. The highest N2 O emission occurred at pH 4-5 in 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid treatments, and at pH 3 in the treatments with lignin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. A wide range of N2 O SP values (11.9-37.4‰), which was pH dependent and not distinguishable from microbial pathways, was observed at pH 3-5. The δ15 Nbulk and δ18 O values of N2 O were both in a similar range to that reported for fungal denitrification and bacterial denitrification. CONCLUSIONS These results present the first characterization of the isotopic composition of N2 O from chemodenitrification in pure chemical assays. Chemical reactions of nitrite with lignin are pH-dependent and associated with substantial CO2 and N2 O emissions. The SP values of N2 O derived from chemodenitrification were neither distinguishable from the biotic pathways nor remained stable with varying pH. Therefore, the use of N2 O isotopic signatures for source partitioning is restricted when chemodenitrification is contributing significantly to N2 O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, 52428, Germany
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Zhou M, Butterbach-Bahl K, Vereecken H, Brüggemann N. A meta-analysis of soil salinization effects on nitrogen pools, cycles and fluxes in coastal ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1338-1352. [PMID: 27416519 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity intrusion caused by land subsidence resulting from increasing groundwater abstraction, decreasing river sediment loads and increasing sea level because of climate change has caused widespread soil salinization in coastal ecosystems. Soil salinization may greatly alter nitrogen (N) cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of soil salinization on ecosystem N pools, cycling processes and fluxes is not available for coastal ecosystems. Therefore, we compiled data from 551 observations from 21 peer-reviewed papers and conducted a meta-analysis of experimental soil salinization effects on 19 variables related to N pools, cycling processes and fluxes in coastal ecosystems. Our results showed that the effects of soil salinization varied across different ecosystem types and salinity levels. Soil salinization increased plant N content (18%), soil NH4+ (12%) and soil total N (210%), although it decreased soil NO3- (2%) and soil microbial biomass N (74%). Increasing soil salinity stimulated soil N2 O fluxes as well as hydrological NH4+ and NO2- fluxes more than threefold, although it decreased the hydrological dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) flux (59%). Soil salinization also increased the net N mineralization by 70%, although salinization effects were not observed on the net nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in this meta-analysis. Overall, this meta-analysis improves our understanding of the responses of ecosystem N cycling to soil salinization, identifies knowledge gaps and highlights the urgent need for studies on the effects of soil salinization on coastal agro-ecosystem and microbial N immobilization. Additional increases in knowledge are critical for designing sustainable adaptation measures to the predicted intrusion of salinity intrusion so that the productivity of coastal agro-ecosystems can be maintained or improved and the N losses and pollution of the natural environment can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhou
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Old Naivasha Road, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52428, Germany
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Brüggemann N, Rosales RL, Waugh JL, Blood AJ, Domingo A, Heldmann M, Jamora RD, Münchau A, Münte TF, Lee LV, Buchmann I, Klein C. Striatal dysfunction in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism is associated with disease progression. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:680-686. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - R. L. Rosales
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery; University of Santo Tomas; Manila Philippines
| | - J. L. Waugh
- Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Boston MA USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; Charlestown MA USA
| | - A. J. Blood
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; Charlestown MA USA
| | - A. Domingo
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - M. Heldmann
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - R. D. Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences; College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital; University of the Philippines Manila; Manila Philippines
| | - A. Münchau
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - T. F. Münte
- Department of Neurology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - L. V. Lee
- Philippine Children's Medical Center; Quezon City Philippines
| | - I. Buchmann
- Section of Nuclear Imaging; Institute of Radiology; Lübeck Germany
| | - C. Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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Gottselig N, Wiekenkamp I, Weihermüller L, Brüggemann N, Berns AE, Bogena HR, Borchard N, Klumpp E, Lücke A, Missong A, Pütz T, Vereecken H, Huisman JA, Bol R. A Three-Dimensional View on Soil Biogeochemistry: A Dataset for a Forested Headwater Catchment. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:210-218. [PMID: 28177415 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.07.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the variability in soil properties and their relationship to processes and spatial patterns in forested landscapes is limited due to the scarcity of datasets providing such information. Here we present a spatially highly resolved dataset () that provides detailed information on the three-dimensional variability of biogeochemical properties in the Wüstebach catchment (western Germany), a long-term environmental observation site of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) project. High-resolution soil sampling was conducted, and physical and biogeochemical soil parameters were recorded per horizon. The dataset is helpful in the analysis of the spatial heterogeneity in biogeochemical properties within soil horizons and with depth through the soil profile. In addition, it shows links between hydrological and biogeochemical properties and processes within the system. Overall, the dataset provides a high-resolution view into (re)cycling, leaching, and storage of nutrients on the catchment scale in a forested headwater catchment.
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Scheer C, Meier R, Brüggemann N, Grace PR, Dannenmann M. An improved (15) N tracer approach to study denitrification and nitrogen turnover in soil incubations. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:2017-2026. [PMID: 27470312 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Denitrification (the reduction of oxidized forms of inorganic nitrogen (N) to N2 O and N2 ) from upland soils is considered to be the least well-understood process in the global N cycle. The main reason for this lack of understanding is that the terminal product (N2 ) of denitrification is extremely difficult to measure against the large atmospheric background. METHODS We describe a system that combines the (15) N-tracer technique with a 40-fold reduced N2 (2% v/v) atmosphere in a fully automated incubation setup for direct quantification of N2 and N2 O emissions. The δ(15) N values of the emitted N2 and N2 O were determined using a custom-built gas preparation unit that was connected to a DELTA V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The system was tested on a pasture soil from sub-tropical Australia under different soil moisture conditions and combined with (15) N tracing in extractable soil N pools to establish a full N balance. RESULTS The method proved to be highly sensitive for detecting N2 (1.12 μg N h(-1) kg(-1) dry soil (ds)) and N2 O (0.36 μg N h(-1) kg(-1) ds) emissions. The main end product of denitrification in the investigated soil was N2 O for both water contents, with N2 accounting for only 3% to 13% of the total denitrification losses. Between 90 and 95% of the added (15) N fertiliser could be recovered in N gases and extractable soil N pools. CONCLUSIONS The high and N2 O-dominated denitrification rates found in this study are pointing at both the high ecological and the agronomic importance of denitrification in subtropical pasture soils. The new system allows for a direct and highly sensitive detection of N2 and N2 O fluxes from soils and may help to significantly improve our mechanistic understanding of N cycling and denitrification in terrestrial agro-ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Scheer
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter R Grace
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Werner E, Weißbach A, Timmann D, Brüggemann N, Tadic V, Klein C, Münchau A, Bäumer T. EP 56. Cerebellar learning and its modifiability by alcohol in myoclonus-dystonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Rasche D, Zittel S, Tadic V, Moll C, Fellbrich A, Brüggemann N, Bäumer T, Tronnier V, Münchau A. EP 39. Clinical experience with deep brain stimulation in Huntington’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Wu D, Köster JR, Cárdenas LM, Brüggemann N, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Bol R. N2O source partitioning in soils using (15)N site preference values corrected for the N2O reduction effect. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:620-626. [PMID: 26842583 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of this study was to determine the impact of isotope fractionation associated with N2O reduction during soil denitrification on N2O site preference (SP) values and hence quantify the potential bias on SP-based N2O source partitioning. METHODS The N2O SP values (n = 431) were derived from six soil incubation studies in N2-free atmosphere, and determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The N2 and N2O concentrations were measured directly by gas chromatography. Net isotope effects (NIE) during N2O reduction to N2 were compensated for using three different approaches: a closed-system model, an open-system model and a dynamic apparent NIE function. The resulting SP values were used for N2O source partitioning based on a two end-member isotopic mass balance. RESULTS The average SP0 value, i.e. the average SP values of N2O prior to N2O reduction, was recalculated with the closed-system model, resulting in -2.6 ‰ (±9.5), while the open-system model and the dynamic apparent NIE model gave average SP0 values of 2.9 ‰ (±6.3) and 1.7 ‰ (±6.3), respectively. The average source contribution of N2O from nitrification/fungal denitrification was 18.7% (±21.0) according to the closed-system model, while the open-system model and the dynamic apparent NIE function resulted in values of 31.0% (±14.0) and 28.3% (±14.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Using a closed-system model with a fixed SP isotope effect may significantly overestimate the N2O reduction effect on SP values, especially when N2O reduction rates are high. This is probably due to soil inhomogeneity and can be compensated for by the application of a dynamic apparent NIE function, which takes the variable reduction rates in soil micropores into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Reent Köster
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak
- Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Stützel H, Brüggemann N, Inzé D. The Future of Field Trials in Europe: Establishing a Network Beyond Boundaries. Trends Plant Sci 2016; 21:92-95. [PMID: 26776473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose the establishment of a European Consortium for Open Field Experimentation (ECOFE) that will allow easy access of European plant and soil scientists to experimental field stations that cover all major climatological regions. Coordination and quality control of data extraction and management systems will greatly impact on our ability to cope with grand challenges such as climate change and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Stützel
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences - Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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Krause P, Brüggemann N, Völzmann S, Horn A, Kupsch A, Schneider GH, Lohmann K, Kühn A. Long-term effect on dystonia after pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in three members of a family with a THAP1 mutation. J Neurol 2015; 262:2739-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Steinlechner S, Wenzel L, Kasten M, Tadic V, Brüggemann N, Hagenah J, Rumpf H, Klein C, Lencer R. Evaluation psychiatrischer Störungen anhand eines erweiterten SKID-Screenings. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2015; 83:499-505. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1553670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Steinlechner
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - L. Wenzel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - M. Kasten
- Institut für Neurogenetik, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - V. Tadic
- Institut für Neurogenetik, Universität zu Lübeck
| | | | - J. Hagenah
- Klinik für Neurologie, Westküstenklinikum Heide
| | - H. Rumpf
- Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - C. Klein
- Institut für Neurogenetik, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - R. Lencer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Münster
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46
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Tronnier VM, Domingo A, Moll CK, Rasche D, Mohr C, Rosales R, Capetian P, Jamora RD, Lee LV, Münchau A, Diesta CC, Tadic V, Klein C, Brüggemann N, Moser A. Biochemical mechanisms of pallidal deep brain stimulation in X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:954-9. [PMID: 26093890 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Invasive techniques such as in-vivo microdialysis provide the opportunity to directly assess neurotransmitter levels in subcortical brain areas. METHODS Five male Filipino patients (mean age 42.4, range 34-52 years) with severe X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism underwent bilateral implantation of deep brain leads into the internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi). Intraoperative microdialysis and measurement of gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate was performed in the GPi in three patients and globus pallidus externus (GPe) in two patients at baseline for 25/30 min and during 25/30 min of high-frequency GPi stimulation. RESULTS While the gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration increased in the GPi during high frequency stimulation (231 ± 102% in comparison to baseline values), a decrease was observed in the GPe (22 ± 10%). Extracellular glutamate levels largely remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Pallidal microdialysis is a promising intraoperative monitoring tool to better understand pathophysiological implications in movement disorders and therapeutic mechanisms of high frequency stimulation. The increased inhibitory tone of GPi neurons and the subsequent thalamic inhibition could be one of the key mechanisms of GPi deep brain stimulation in dystonia. Such a mechanism may explain how competing (dystonic) movements can be suppressed in GPi/thalamic circuits in favour of desired motor programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Tronnier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Domingo
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C K Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Rasche
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Mohr
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - R Rosales
- XDP Study Group, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - P Capetian
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - R D Jamora
- XDP Study Group, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine-Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - L V Lee
- XDP Study Group, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - A Münchau
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C C Diesta
- XDP Study Group, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - V Tadic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - N Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Moser
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Steffen A, Hasselbacher K, Brüggemann N, Heinrichs S, Schönweiler R, Wollenberg B. [Botulinum Toxin in Functional Hypersalivation--All about Dosage?]. Laryngorhinootologie 2014; 94:378-82. [PMID: 25437838 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1394376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of botulinum toxin injection in the salivary gland, is taking an increasing significance in the treatment of functional hypersalivation today. With due regard to the off -label use and the prospect of success, dosage levels are not yet standardized. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a retrospective study, 54 patients resp. 117 treatments were analysed over a period of 5 years according to their dosage levels of botulinum toxin, outcome and side effects. RESULTS In 90% of the cases, a reduction of saliva after botulinum toxin injections was reported, although a significant number of patients wished for an even greater effect. Compared to the first botulinum toxin injection, we therefore used a higher dosage plan in the following treatment in order to achieve better clinical results. Besides not enough saliva reduction, the main side effects were swallowing problems and thick or sticky saliva in patients with a tracheal cannula. With the exception of insufficient saliva reduction, the other described side effects were irrespective to the dosage level. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin injection as a treatment of hypersalivation is an effective method with only minor side effects, even in increased dosage levels. Nevertheless, certain modifications according to each individual treatment are required. Possible side effects such as swallowing problems or non-responding situations should always be part of informed consent, especially as the latter is even possible for higher dosage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steffen
- HNO-Klinik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck
| | | | - N Brüggemann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - S Heinrichs
- Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck
| | | | - B Wollenberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck
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Mohn J, Wolf B, Toyoda S, Lin CT, Liang MC, Brüggemann N, Wissel H, Steiker AE, Dyckmans J, Szwec L, Ostrom NE, Casciotti KL, Forbes M, Giesemann A, Well R, Doucett RR, Yarnes CT, Ridley AR, Kaiser J, Yoshida N. Interlaboratory assessment of nitrous oxide isotopomer analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy: current status and perspectives. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2014; 28:1995-2007. [PMID: 25132300 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In recent years, research and applications of the N2O site-specific nitrogen isotope composition have advanced, reflecting awareness of the contribution of N2O to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect, and leading to significant progress in instrument development. Further dissemination of N2O isotopomer analysis, however, is hampered by a lack of internationally agreed gaseous N2O reference materials and an uncertain compatibility of different laboratories and analytical techniques. METHODS In a first comparison approach, eleven laboratories were each provided with N2O at tropospheric mole fractions (target gas T) and two reference gases (REF1 and REF2). The laboratories analysed all gases, applying their specific analytical routines. Compatibility of laboratories was assessed based on N2O isotopocule data for T, REF1 and REF2. Results for T were then standardised using REF1 and REF2 to evaluate the potential of N2O reference materials for improving compatibility between laboratories. RESULTS Compatibility between laboratories depended on the analytical technique: isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) results showed better compatibility for δ(15)N values, while the performance of laser spectroscopy was superior with respect to N2O site preference. This comparison, however, is restricted by the small number of participating laboratories applying laser spectroscopy. Offset and two-point calibration correction of the N2O isotopomer data significantly improved the consistency of position-dependent nitrogen isotope data while the effect on δ(15)N values was only minor. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that for future research on N2O isotopocules, standardisation against N2O reference material is essential to improve interlaboratory compatibility. For atmospheric monitoring activities, we suggest N2O in whole air as a unifying scale anchor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mohn
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Überlandstr. 129, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Ghirardo A, Wright LP, Bi Z, Rosenkranz M, Pulido P, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Niinemets Ü, Brüggemann N, Gershenzon J, Schnitzler JP. Metabolic flux analysis of plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in poplar leaves emitting and nonemitting isoprene. Plant Physiol 2014; 165:37-51. [PMID: 24590857 PMCID: PMC4012595 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is one of the most important pathways in plants and produces a large variety of essential isoprenoids. Its regulation, however, is still not well understood. Using the stable isotope 13C-labeling technique, we analyzed the carbon fluxes through the MEP pathway and into the major plastidic isoprenoid products in isoprene-emitting and transgenic isoprene-nonemitting (NE) gray poplar (Populus×canescens). We assessed the dependence on temperature, light intensity, and atmospheric [CO2]. Isoprene biosynthesis was by far (99%) the main carbon sink of MEP pathway intermediates in mature gray poplar leaves, and its production required severalfold higher carbon fluxes compared with NE leaves with almost zero isoprene emission. To compensate for the much lower demand for carbon, NE leaves drastically reduced the overall carbon flux within the MEP pathway. Feedback inhibition of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity by accumulated plastidic dimethylallyl diphosphate almost completely explained this reduction in carbon flux. Our data demonstrate that short-term biochemical feedback regulation of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity by plastidic dimethylallyl diphosphate is an important regulatory mechanism of the MEP pathway. Despite being relieved from the large carbon demand of isoprene biosynthesis, NE plants redirected only approximately 0.5% of this saved carbon toward essential nonvolatile isoprenoids, i.e. β-carotene and lutein, most probably to compensate for the absence of isoprene and its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Louwrance Peter Wright
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Zhen Bi
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (A.G., Z.B., M.R., J.-P.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (L.P.W., J.G.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (P.P., M.R.-C.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia (Ü.N.); and
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany (N.B.)
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Zhou M, Zhu B, Brüggemann N, Bergmann J, Wang Y, Butterbach-Bahl K. N2O and CH4 Emissions, and NO3 − Leaching on a Crop-Yield Basis from a Subtropical Rain-fed Wheat–Maize Rotation in Response to Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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