1
|
Implicit Bias and Clinical Decision Making in Psoriasis Management Among Dermatology Residents: A Feasibility Study. J Drugs Dermatol 2024; 23:e73-e76. [PMID: 38306135 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.7499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
|
2
|
Abstract
Skin cancer is often associated with greater morbidity and mortality in skin of color patients because most medical literature and research on skin cancer to date has been predominantly focused on lighter skin types. It is crucial that dermatologic providers be able to recognize different presentations of skin cancer in skin of color patients to optimize the early detection of these tumors and ensure equitable outcomes. This article details the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, and disparities in the treatment of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and mycosis fungoides subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of color patients.
Collapse
|
3
|
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives in Dermatology Organizations. Dermatol Clin 2023; 41:359-369. [PMID: 36933926 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there have been concerted efforts to increase diversity in the field of dermatology. This has been achieved through the creation of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives in dermatology organizations that strive to provide resources and opportunities for trainees who are underrepresented in medicine. This article compiles the ongoing DEI initiatives in the American Academy of Dermatology, Women's Dermatologic Society, Association of Professors of Dermatology Society, Society for Investigative Dermatology, Skin of Color Society, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, The Dermatology Section of the National Medical Association, and Society for Pediatric Dermatology.
Collapse
|
4
|
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Efforts at MU SOM and the Department of Dermatology. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2023; 120:66-69. [PMID: 36860595 PMCID: PMC9970338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
|
5
|
Hospitalisation and mortality risk of SARS-COV-2 variant omicron sub-lineage BA.2 compared to BA.1 in England. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6053. [PMID: 36229438 PMCID: PMC9559149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 became the globally dominant variant in early 2022. A sub-lineage of the Omicron variant (BA.2) was identified in England in January 2022. Here, we investigated hospitalisation and mortality risks of COVID-19 cases with the Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 (n = 258,875) compared to BA.1 (n = 984,337) in a large cohort study in England. We estimated the risk of hospital attendance, hospital admission or death using multivariable stratified proportional hazards regression models. After adjustment for confounders, BA.2 cases had lower or similar risks of death (HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.71-0.90), hospital admission (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94) and any hospital attendance (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.01). These findings that the risk of severe outcomes following infection with BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 was slightly lower or equivalent to the BA.1 sub-lineage can inform public health strategies in countries where BA.2 is spreading.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hiding in Plain Sight: A Retrospective Review of Unrecognized Tumors During Dermatologic Surgery. Cureus 2022; 14:e23487. [PMID: 35475096 PMCID: PMC9035314 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mohs micrographic surgery requires focused attention that may lead to tunnel vision bias, contributing to not recognizing skin cancer at nearby sites. Objective: It is to determine if a subsequently diagnosed skin cancer was visible at the time of Mohs surgery. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at a single academic center from 2008 to 2020. Patients who underwent at least two distinct MMS procedures, separated in time to capture subsequent tumors, were included. Results: Four hundred and four individual patients were identified with at least two distinct Mohs procedures, which generated 1,110 Mohs sequences. Fifty-one (4.6%) clinically apparent tumors went unrecognized and 127 (11.4%) tumors were identified and biopsied during the visit. High-risk tumor histology was identified in 10 (20%) unrecognized tumors and 31 (24%) recognized tumors (p-value 0.491). Conclusion: Our study suggests that Mohs surgeons may be overlooking adjacent skin cancers when focusing only on the tumor being surgically treated. Tunnel vision bias may account for part of this phenomenon.
Collapse
|
7
|
How to obtain a dermatology residency: a guide targeted to underrepresented in medicine medical students. Cutis 2021; 106:12-13. [PMID: 32915928 DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to increase diversity have been put forth by the Skin of Color Society (SOCS) to assist underrepresented in medicine (UIM) students during their pursuit of dermatology. Increasing diversity in dermatology relies on efforts from students and mentors established in dermatology. This article highlights and summarizes key guidelines from the SOCS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Micropore Closure Rates following Microneedle Application at Various Anatomical Sites in Healthy Human Subjects. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:214-228. [PMID: 33910205 DOI: 10.1159/000515454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The continuous availability of open micropores is crucial for a successful microneedle (MN) drug delivery strategy. However, micropore lifetime depends on intrinsic skin functional and anatomical characteristics, which vary significantly at different anatomical sites. OBJECTIVE This pilot study explored if differences exist in micropore closure timeframes at 3 anatomical sites - upper arm, volar forearm, and abdomen. METHODS Healthy subjects (n = 35) self-identifying as Asian (n = 9), Bi-/multiracial (n = 2), Black (n = 9), Latino (n = 6), and White (n = 9) completed the study. The upper arm, volar forearm, and abdomen were treated with MNs; skin impedance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline and post-MN to confirm micropore formation. Impedance was measured for 3 days to evaluate micropore lifetime. Measurements of L*, which quantifies the skin lightness/darkness, were made using a tristimulus colorimeter. Micropore lifetime was determined by comparing baseline and post-MN impedance measurements, and micropore closure half-life was predicted using mathematical modeling. RESULTS Post-MN increase in TEWL and decrease in impedance were significant (p < 0.05), confirming successful micropore formation at all anatomical sites. When data were analyzed according to subject self-identified racial/ethnic groups, the mean micropore closure time at the abdomen (63.09 ± 13.13 h) was longer than the upper arm (60.34 ± 14.69 h) and volar forearm (58.29 ± 16.76 h). The predicted micropore closure half-life at anatomical sites was the abdomen (25.86 ± 14.96 h) ≈ upper arm (23.69 ± 13.67 h) > volar forearm (20.2 ± 11.99 h). Differences were not statistically significant between groups. Objective categorization by L* showed that the darker skin may be associated with longer micropore closure time at the abdomen site. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that anatomical site of application may not be a source of significant variability in micropore closure time. These findings may help reduce the number of physiological parameters that need to be explicitly considered when developing drug products to support MN-assisted drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
|
9
|
28 Can Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment be Achieved in the Emergency Department? Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz183.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our National Health Service is facing unprecedented challenges to accommodate our frailer healthcare users. The gold standard tool for the identification and management of frailty is the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and has been shown to lead to better outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Introduction
With a largely elderly demographic profile in the East of England, the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital opened the first Older People’s Emergency Department (OPED) in the UK in 2017. This work reviews the effectiveness of a geriatrician-led CGA in a dedicated OPED, which operates during daylight hours, compared to usual care in Accident & Emergency (A&E).
Methods
99 patients assessed in OPED and 99 patients assessed overnight in A&E during February 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Electronic case notes for each patient were reviewed by the authors and results were expressed as percentages.
Results
OPED outperformed A&E in all components of the CGA; strongest areas included assessing for pain, falls risk and activities of daily living. Both departments performed well in reviewing medications and assessing for safeguarding concerns. Areas for improvement include assessing for mood disorders, sensory impairment, discussing Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation status, and end of life care plans. The average length of stay of OPED patients was only 7.3 days compared to 8.7 days in A&E, and 89% of OPED patients were discharged back to their usual residences compared to 87% in A&E.
Conclusions
The improved CGA process in OPED has led to better outcomes, notably through a reduction in the average length of inpatient stay. Nevertheless, certain components of the CGA still require improvement. Further examination is needed to assess long-term mortality to support the use of CGA in the emergency setting.
Collapse
|
10
|
Estimating the standardised ileal digestible tryptophan requirement of pigs kept under commercial conditions in the immediate post-weaning period. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Segmental epidermal nevus and mucosal neuromas associated with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorder. JAAD Case Rep 2018; 4:1080-1082. [PMID: 30511004 PMCID: PMC6250901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
13
|
Diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of vasopressin infusion for septic shock. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 43:287-290. [PMID: 28895166 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Despite widespread use of vasopressin for the treatment of septic shock, few cases of diabetes insipidus (DI) following its discontinuation have been reported. CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man presented with pneumonia progressing to septic shock, requiring norepinephrine and vasopressin for refractory hypotension. After clinical improvement, the patient on 3 separate occasions developed polyuria and severe hypernatremia upon discontinuation of vasopressin, with prompt recovery upon its resumption. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Occurrence of DI upon discontinuation of vasopressin infusion appears to be rare, but incidence may be underestimated due to a paucity of published reports. Actual incidence and underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
14
|
604 Effect of milk replacer fat content during calfhood and cereal type and supplemental saturated fat inclusion in the finishing ration on the performance and carcass composition of young Holstein Friesian bulls. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Lower extremity ecchymotic nodules in a patient being treated with ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. JAAD Case Rep 2017; 3:178-179. [PMID: 28459097 PMCID: PMC5396857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
16
|
|
17
|
Abstract
Despite evidence that intensive rehabilitation speeds recovery from acute illness, several studies on British rehabilitation units have shown that the time spent by patients in therapeutic activities is low and that levels of 'engagement' are poor. We carried out an observational study of patient activity on four rehabilitation wards for the elderly (51 patients observed at half-hourly intervals between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. on five successive days). Patients were found to be engaged in therapeutically useful activities at only 17% of the observation points. When time spent in the therapy departments (where activities were not monitored) was excluded the proportion of useful activities fell to 11%. Similar patterns of activity were seen in all patient subgroups. An intervention scheme was therefore devised, whereby an hourly activities programme tailored to the needs of each patient was worked out by therapists and ward staff, to be supervised by nurses. One nurse also organized regular group activities. The intervention programme, which required no extra resources, was instituted on two of the four wards. A repeat survey conducted two months later showed a 55% increase in the proportion of time spent in useful activities on the two intervention wards but no change on the other two wards.
Collapse
|
18
|
WS10.6 Are cystic fibrosis patients frail? Is 50 the new 80? J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Accounting for uncertainty in the quantification of the environmental impacts of Canadian pig farming systems. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3130-43. [PMID: 26115299 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop a life cycle assessment (LCA) for pig farming systems that would account for uncertainty and variability in input data and allow systematic environmental impact comparisons between production systems. The environmental impacts of commercial pig production for 2 regions in Canada (Eastern and Western) were compared using a cradle-to-farm gate LCA. These systems had important contrasting characteristics such as typical feed ingredients used, herd performance, and expected emission factors from manure management. The study used detailed production data supplied by the industry and incorporated uncertainty/variation in all major aspects of the system including life cycle inventory data for feed ingredients, animal performance, energy inputs, and emission factors. The impacts were defined using 5 metrics-global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential (EP), abiotic resource use, and nonrenewable energy use-and were expressed per kilogram carcass weight at farm gate. Eutrophication potential was further separated into marine EP (MEP) and freshwater EP (FEP). Uncertainties in the model inputs were separated into 2 types: uncertainty in the data used to describe the system (α uncertainties) and uncertainty in impact calculations or background data that affects all systems equally (β uncertainties). The impacts of pig production in the 2 regions were systematically compared based on the differences in the systems (α uncertainties). The method of ascribing uncertainty influenced the outcomes. In eastern systems, EP, MEP, and FEP were lower (P < 0.05) when assuming that all uncertainty in the emission factors for leaching from manure application was β. This was mainly due to increased EP resulting from field emissions for typical ingredients in western diets. When uncertainty in these emission factors was assumed to be α, only FEP was lower in eastern systems (P < 0.05). The environmental impacts for the other impact categories were not significantly different between the 2 systems, despite their aforementioned differences. In conclusion, a probabilistic approach was used to develop an LCA that systematically dealt with uncertainty in the data when comparing multiple environmental impacts measures in pig farming systems for the first time. The method was used to identify differences between Canadian pig production systems but can also be applied for comparisons between other agricultural systems that include inherent variation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Respiratory muscle training during mechanical ventilation: a systematic review. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4471339 DOI: 10.1186/cc14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
21
|
Corticosteroids for critically ill patients: an international survey of intensivists. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363519 DOI: 10.1186/cc10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
22
|
Consequences of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the ICU. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363841 DOI: 10.1186/cc11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
23
|
An evolutionary approach to financial history. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 74:449-454. [PMID: 20508060 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2009.74.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Financial history is not conventionally thought of in evolutionary terms, but it should be. Traditional ways of thinking about finance, dating back to Hilferding, emphasize the importance of concentration and economies of scale. But these approaches overlook the rich "biodiversity" that characterizes the financial world. They also overlook the role of natural selection. To be sure, natural selection in the financial world is not exactly analogous to the processes first described by Darwin and elaborated on by modern biologists. There is conscious adaptation as well as random mutation. Moreover, there is something resembling "intelligent design" in finance, whereby regulators and legislators act in a quasidivine capacity, putting dinosaurs on life support. The danger is that such interventions in the natural processes of the market may ultimately distort the evolutionary process, by getting in the way of Schumpeter's "creative destruction."
Collapse
|
24
|
SIP 5: Social distancing during a pandemic. Not sexy, but sometimes effective: social distancing and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Vaccine 2009; 27:6383-6. [PMID: 19856487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
The misuse of 'no significant difference' in British orthopaedic literature. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2008; 90:58-61. [PMID: 18201503 DOI: 10.1308/003588408x242312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies published in medical journals do not consider the statistical power required to detect a meaningful difference between study groups. As a result, these studies are often underpowered: the sample size may not be large enough to pick up a statistically significant difference (or other effect of interest) of a given size between the study groups. Therefore, the conclusion that there is no statistically significant difference between groups cannot be made unless a study has been shown to have sufficient power. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of negative studies with inadequate statistical power in British journals to which orthopaedic surgeons regularly submit. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed all papers in the last consecutive six issues prior to the start of the study (April 2005) in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British), Injury, and Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. We sought published evidence that a power analysis had been performed in association with the main hypothesis of the paper. RESULTS There were a total of 170 papers in which a statistical comparison of two or more groups was undertaken. Of these 170 papers, 49 (28.8%) stated as their primary conclusion that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups studied. Of these 49 papers, only 3 (6.1%) had performed a power analysis demonstrating adequate sample size. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the majority of negative studies in the British orthopaedic literature that we have looked at have not performed the statistical analysis necessary to reach their stated conclusions. In order to remedy this, we recommend that the journals sampled include the following guidance in their instructions to authors: the statement 'no statistically significant difference was found between study groups' should be accompanied by the results of a power analysis.
Collapse
|
28
|
High subsoil chloride concentrations reduce soil water extraction and crop yield on Vertosols in north-eastern Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ar07192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salinity, sodicity, acidity, and phytotoxic levels of chloride (Cl) in subsoils are major constraints to crop production in many soils of north-eastern Australia because they reduce the ability of crop roots to extract water and nutrients from the soil. The complex interactions and correlations among soil properties result in multi-colinearity between soil properties and crop yield that makes it difficult to determine which constraint is the major limitation. We used ridge-regression analysis to overcome colinearity to evaluate the contribution of soil factors and water supply to the variation in the yields of 5 winter crops on soils with various levels and combinations of subsoil constraints in the region. Subsoil constraints measured were soil Cl, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECse), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The ridge regression procedure selected several of the variables used in a descriptive model, which included in-crop rainfall, plant-available soil water at sowing in the 0.90–1.10 m soil layer, and soil Cl in the 0.90–1.10 m soil layer, and accounted for 77–85% of the variation in the grain yields of the 5 winter crops. Inclusion of ESP of the top soil (0.0–0.10 m soil layer) marginally increased the descriptive capability of the models for bread wheat, barley and durum wheat. Subsoil Cl concentration was found to be an effective substitute for subsoil water extraction. The estimates of the critical levels of subsoil Cl for a 10% reduction in the grain yield were 492 mg cl/kg for chickpea, 662 mg Cl/kg for durum wheat, 854 mg Cl/kg for bread wheat, 980 mg Cl/kg for canola, and 1012 mg Cl/kg for barley, thus suggesting that chickpea and durum wheat were more sensitive to subsoil Cl than bread wheat, barley, and canola.
Collapse
|
29
|
Airway pressure release ventilation in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095234 DOI: 10.1186/cc5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
30
|
Gajic O, Frutos-vivar F, Afessa B, Esteban A, Anzueto A, Ferguson N, Apezteguía C, Arabi Y, Nightingale P, Pelosi P, Kuiper M, Brochard L, Raymondos K. Crit Care 2006; 10:P55. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
31
|
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the safety of the 6/85 strain vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in turkeys by backpassing the vaccine strain up to 10 times by contact infection in turkeys and challenging turkeys with the resulting backpassaged strain. The vaccine strain, however, did not spread to in-contact turkeys, and it was necessary to reisolate the organism before challenging turkeys for the next passage. The challenge strain, therefore, was one that had been backpassaged four times in turkeys, with a total in vivo time in turkeys of 66 days. The backpassaged 6/85 vaccine strain was no different in pathogenicity than the original vaccine strain, except that at 10 days postchallenge, it was isolated in higher numbers from air sacs. Both the original 6/85 vaccine strain and the backpassaged strain were apathogenic in turkeys, except for a slightly increased diameter of the tracheal mucosa at 10 days postchallenge; at 20 days postchallenge the tracheal mucosal thickness was no different from that of controls.
Collapse
|
32
|
Evaluating the Use of Ultraviolet Light as a Method for Improving Hatching Egg Selection. J APPL POULTRY RES 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/12.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
33
|
Intellectual prognosis of the Dandy-Walker malformation in children: the importance of vermian lobulation. Neuroradiology 2003; 45:320-4. [PMID: 12682795 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-003-0980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2002] [Accepted: 01/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Half of patients with the Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) have normal intellectual development. We aimed to identify feature on MRI associated with good intellectual prognosis. We reviewed 20 patients with DWM diagnosed on MRI, mean age 14.6+/-9.9 years. We assessed their intellectual development and related it to the MRI features. We found two groups with a statistically different intellectual outcome. All 14 patients with normal intellectual development had a normal lobulation of the vermis, without supratentorial anomalies. Of the six patients with mental retardation, three had an abnormal vermis, together with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. In the other three, there were normal vermian anatomy with associated anomalies. Normal lobulation of the vermis, in the absence of any supratentorial anomaly, appears to be a good prognostic factor in DWM. Preservation of cerebrocerebellar pathways and neonatal plasticity could explain the normal intellectual development. These findings might be useful in prenatal diagnosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Eighty-three-week-old table egg layers with swollen sinuses were presented with a history of increased mortality. Serology revealed positive titers to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The birds were part of a flock in which some birds had been vaccinated with 6/85 live MG vaccine at 18 wk of age. Tracheal cultures were obtained from both vaccinated and unvaccinated birds within the flock. The cultures were indistinguishable from 6/85 vaccine by both random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and DNA sequence analysis. Challenge studies were performed to compare the field isolates with 6/85 vaccine and the R strain of MG. The field isolates produced a greater antibody response by serum plate agglutination than did the 6/85 vaccine. The isolates effectively colonized the trachea without increasing the tracheal mucosal thickness; however, they did not extensively colonize the air sacs or cause airsacculitis in the experimental birds.
Collapse
|
35
|
Using flexible loop mimetics to extend phi-value analysis to secondary structure interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13008-13. [PMID: 11687614 PMCID: PMC60815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221467398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis allows the incorporation of nonnatural amino acids into proteins that may provide previously untried probes of their folding pathway and thermodynamic stability. We have used a flexible thioether linker as a loop mimetic in the human yes kinase-associated protein (YAP 65) WW domain, a three-stranded, 44-residue, beta-sheet protein. This linkage avoids problems of incorporating sequences that constrain loops to the extent that they significantly change the nature of the denatured state with concomitant effects on the folding kinetics. An NMR solution structure shows that the thioether linker had little effect on the global fold of the domain, although the loop is apparently more dynamic. The thioether variants are destabilized by up to 1.4 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.18 J). Preliminary Phi-value analysis showed that the first loop is highly structured in the folding transition state, and the second loop is essentially unstructured. These data are consistent with results from simulated unfolding and detailed protein-engineering studies of structurally homologous WW domains. Previously, Phi-value analysis was limited to studying side-chain interactions. The linkers used here extend the protein engineering method directly to secondary-structure interactions.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ultrafast folding of WW domains without structured aromatic clusters in the denatured state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13002-7. [PMID: 11687613 PMCID: PMC60814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221467198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast-folding proteins are important for combining experiment and simulation to give complete descriptions of folding pathways. The WW domain family comprises small proteins with a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet topology. Previous studies on the 57-residue YAP 65 WW domain indicate the presence of residual structure in the chemically denatured state. Here we analyze three minimal core WW domains of 38-44 residues. There was little spectroscopic or thermodynamic evidence for residual structure in either their chemically or thermally denatured states. Folding and unfolding kinetics, studied by using rapid temperature-jump and continuous-flow techniques, show that each domain folds and unfolds very rapidly in a two-state transition through a highly compact transition state. Folding half-times were as short as 17 micros at 25 degrees C, within an order of magnitude of the predicted maximal rate of loop formation. The small size and topological simplicity of these domains, in conjunction with their very rapid two-state folding, may allow us to reduce the difference in time scale between experiment and theoretical simulation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Anaerobic co-digestion of aircraft deicing fluid and municipal wastewater sludge. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2001; 73:645-654. [PMID: 11833757 DOI: 10.2175/106143001x143376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
At many airports, aircraft deicing fluid and precipitation mix, becoming aircraft deicing runoff having a 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of 10(2) to 10(6) mg/L. Publicly owned treatment works can be used for aerobic biological treatment; however, it may be more economical to use anaerobic digesters to codigest a mixture of aircraft deicing fluid and sludge. The objectives of this investigation were to determine benefits and appropriate propylene glycol aircraft deicing fluid loadings to anaerobic codigesters. Results demonstrate aircraft deicing fluid can be successfully codigested to produce methane; supernatant BOD5 and Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration were not higher in codigesters compared to a conventional digester. Aircraft deicing fluid loadings as high as 1.6 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L x d were sustainable in codigesters, whereas system fed only aircraft deicing fluid with nutrients and alkalinity achieved a loading of 0.65 g COD/L x d. The sludge used increased digester alkalinity and provided nitrogen, iron, nickel, cobalt, and biomass required for methanogenesis. The deicer provides organics for increased methane production.
Collapse
|
38
|
Using chimeric immunity proteins to explore the energy landscape for alpha-helical protein folding. J Mol Biol 2001; 307:393-405. [PMID: 11243827 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To address the role of sequence in the folding of homologous proteins, the folding and unfolding kinetics of the all-helical bacterial immunity proteins Im2 and Im9 were characterised, together with six chimeric derivatives of these proteins. We show that both Im2 and Im9 fold rapidly (k(UN)(H(2)O)) approximately 2000 s(-1) at pH 7.0, 25 degrees C) in apparent two-state transitions, through rate-limiting transition states that are highly compact (beta(TS)0.93 and 0.96, respectively). Whilst the folding and unfolding properties of three of the chimeras (Im2 (1-44)(Im9), Im2 (1-64)(Im9 )and Im2 (25-44)(Im9)) are similar to their parental counterparts, in other chimeric proteins the introduced sequence variation results in altered kinetic behaviour. At low urea concentrations, Im2 (1-29)(Im9) and Im2 (56-64)(Im9) fold in two-state transitions via transition states that are significantly less compact (beta(TS) approximately 0.7) than those characterised for the other immunity proteins presented here. At higher urea concentrations, however, the rate-limiting transition state for these two chimeras switches or moves to a more compact species (beta(TS) approximately 0.9). Surprisingly, Im2 (30-64)(Im9) populates a highly collapsed species (beta(I)=0.87) in the dead-time (2.5 ms) of stopped flow measurements. These data indicate that whilst topology may place significant constraints on the folding process, specific inter-residue interactions, revealed here through multiple sequence changes, can modulate the ruggedness of the folding energy landscape.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The authors investigated children's conceptions of the characteristic features of category members and found that their conceptions underwent qualitative developmental changes. They hypothesized that (a) children initially tend to perceive category members in terms of individual characteristics (i.e., internal dispositions and behavioral patterns) and (b) only later do they conceive of category members in terms of their shared beliefs and values. They explored these hypotheses in 2 studies: In Study 1, they investigated how Protestant and Catholic children in Northern Ireland understood the religious intergroup context in their own country; in Study 2, children in Italy were presented with a fictional scenario of intergroup conflict and asked to explain the causes of the conflict. The results of both studies confirmed the 2 hypotheses.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rapid folding with and without populated intermediates in the homologous four-helix proteins Im7 and Im9. J Mol Biol 1999; 286:1597-608. [PMID: 10064717 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of the folding of the homologous four-helix proteins Im7 and Im9 have been characterised at pH 7.0 and 10 degrees C. These proteins are 60 % identical in sequence and have the same three-dimensional structure, yet appear to fold by different kinetic mechanisms. The logarithm of the folding and unfolding rates of Im9 change linearly as a function of urea concentration and fit well to an equation describing a two-state mechanism (with a folding rate of 1500 s-1, an unfolding rate of 0. 01 s-1, and a highly compact transition state that has approximately 95 % of the native surface area buried). By contrast, there is clear evidence for the population of an intermediate during the refolding of Im7, as indicated by a change in the urea dependence of the folding rate and the presence of a significant burst phase amplitude in the refolding kinetics. Under stabilising conditions (0.25 M Na2SO4, pH 7.0 and 10 degrees C) the folding of Im9 remains two-state, whilst under similar conditions (0.4 M Na2SO4, pH 7.0 and 10 degrees C) the intermediate populated during Im7 refolding is significantly stabilised (KUI=125). Equilibrium denaturation experiments, under the conditions used in the kinetic measurements, show that Im7 is significantly less stable than Im9 (DeltaDeltaG 9.3 kJ/mol) and the DeltaG and m values determined accord with those obtained from the fit to the kinetic data. The results show, therefore, that the population of an intermediate in the refolding of the immunity protein structure is defined by the precise amino acid sequence rather than the global stability of the protein. We discuss the possibility that the intermediate of Im7 is populated due to differences in helix propensity in Im7 and Im9 and the relevance of these data to the folding of helical proteins in general.
Collapse
|
41
|
Structural and mechanistic basis of immunity toward endonuclease colicins. NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 1999; 6:243-52. [PMID: 10074943 DOI: 10.1038/6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the cytotoxic endonuclease domain from the bacterial toxin colicin E9 in complex with its cognate immunity protein Im9 reveals that the inhibitor does not bind at the active site, the core of which comprises the HNH motif found in intron-encoded homing endonucleases, but rather at an adjacent position leaving the active site exposed yet unable to bind DNA because of steric and electrostatic clashes with incoming substrate. Although its mode of action is unorthodox, Im9 is a remarkably effective inhibitor since it folds within milliseconds and then associates with its target endonuclease at the rate of diffusion to form an inactive complex with sub-femtomolar binding affinity. This hyperefficient mechanism of inhibition could be well suited to other toxic enzyme systems, particularly where the substrate is a polymer extending beyond the boundaries of the active site.
Collapse
|
42
|
The effect of antibody-dependent enhancement on the transmission dynamics and persistence of multiple-strain pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:790-4. [PMID: 9892712 PMCID: PMC15215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.2.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-reactive antibodies produced by a mammalian host during infection by a particular microparasitic strain usually have the effect of reducing the probability of the host being infected by a different, but closely related, pathogen strain. Such cross-reactive immunological responses thereby induce between-strain competition within the pathogen population. However, in some cases such as dengue virus, evidence suggests that cross-reactive antibodies act to enhance rather than restrict the severity of a subsequent infection by another strain. This cooperative mechanism is thought to explain why pre-existing immunity to dengue virus is an important risk factor for the development of severe disease (i.e., dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever). In this paper, we explore the effect of antibody-dependent enhancement on the transmission dynamics of multistrain pathogen populations. We show that enhancement frequently may generate complex and persistent cyclical or chaotic epidemic behavior. Furthermore, enhancement acts to permit the coexistence of all strains where in its absence only one or a subset would persist.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The effects of selection by host immune responses on transmission dynamics was analyzed in a broad class of antigenically diverse pathogens. Strong selection can cause pathogen populations to stably segregate into discrete strains with nonoverlapping antigenic repertoires. However, over a wide range of intermediate levels of selection, strain structure is unstable, varying in a manner that is either cyclical or chaotic. These results have implications for the interpretation of longitudinal epidemiological data on strain or serotype abundance, design of surveillance strategies, and the assessment of multivalent vaccine trials.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Current data from in vitro and in vivo animal models indicate that fibronectin-binding integrin receptors expressed by colon cancer cells may regulate tumour growth. While individual members of the beta 1 subfamily of integrins have now been clearly identified in colorectal cancer, little information exists with respect to the alpha V subfamily. In the present study we show that alpha V can associate with multiple and different beta subunits capable of binding fibronectin in this tumour type. This is likely to have functional implications for growth and spread of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Reproduction by binary fission necessarily establishes a clonal genotypic structure in bacterial populations unless a high rate of genetic recombination opposes it. Several genetic properties were examined for a wild population of Bacillus subtilis in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona to assess the extent of recombination in a natural population. These properties included allozyme variation revealed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, phage and antibiotic resistance, and restriction fragment length polymorphism with Southern hybridization. Evidence of extensive genetic recombination was found along with evidence of modest clonal structure. Recombination must be frequent relative to binary fission in this population. This mixed population structure provides broader options for bacterial evolution than would a purely clonal structure.
Collapse
|
46
|
Autopsies in an area health service: a quality assurance review. AUST HEALTH REV 1990; 14:170-8. [PMID: 10116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The Hunter Area Health Service Quality Liaison Group reviewed autopsy practice in the Hunter Area, focussing upon clinical and resource utilisation effectiveness. Findings are discussed. Conclusions support views expressed in recent literature on the subject. The conclusion is reached that despite increase in consumption of limited resources, autopsies remain an integral component of quality care and should increase in number. Some recommendations are proffered to maximise utility and cost effectiveness in the future.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pictographs and prereading skills. Child Dev 1975; 46:786-9. [PMID: 1157619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper draws upon data collected in conjunction with the Schools Council (Great Britain) Research and Development Project in Compensatory Education to demonstrate that a picture reading task can provide a fairly good prediction of the later reading performance of 100 5-year-olds and that it is a sufficiently interesting clinical tool to merit further consideration from nursery and infant school teachers. The test's success seems to relate to its ability to measure differences in children's understanding of the nature and purpose of reading.
Collapse
|
48
|
Autoantibody to microtubules in infectious mononucleosis. Clin Exp Immunol 1974; 17:227-35. [PMID: 4466601 PMCID: PMC1554018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An autoantibody, reacting with a cytoplasmic component of many types of glass-adherent cells in tissue culture has been detected in the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis. Evidence is presented that the structures with which this antibody reacts are closely related to cytoplasmic microtubules.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sensorimotor dysfunctions and aphagia and adipsia following pallidal lesions in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1971; 77:282-93. [PMID: 5286807 DOI: 10.1037/h0031650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
50
|
|