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Tondokoro T, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Yanagihara N, Anan A, Kodama H, Satoh N. Giving social support at work may reduce inflammation on employees themselves: a participatory workplace intervention study among Japanese hospital nurses. Ind Health 2022; 60:266-275. [PMID: 34690250 PMCID: PMC9171115 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the participatory workplace intervention was effective in reducing stress-related inflammatory markers among 31 Japanese female nurses. During the analysis, we recognized that our intervention might have increased prosocial behaviors like giving social support to others in some participants. Based on this assumption, we ran a secondary analysis, which examined the effect of giving social support on inflammatory markers, autonomic nervous activity (ANA), and perceived job stress (PJS) before and after the intervention. A group of participants who had increased scores on giving social support (n=13) showed significant decreases in interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12/23p40 after the intervention. Another group of those who had decreased/unchanged in the scores (n=17) did not show changes in these markers. Regarding ANA and PJS, no significant changes were observed in both groups. This study presented insight that giving social support at work may provide health benefits towards employees themselves, via decreasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukumi Tondokoro
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
- Health Care Science Institute, Japan
| | - Akinori Nakata
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Japan
| | - Ayumi Anan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Satoh
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Horishita R, Ogata Y, Fukui R, Yamazaki R, Moriwaki K, Ueno S, Yanagihara N, Uezono Y, Yokoyama Y, Minami K, Horishita T. Local Anesthetics Inhibit Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 3 Channel Function in Xenopus Oocytes. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:1756-1767. [PMID: 33857022 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 (TRPV3) channel is activated by innocuous temperature and several chemical stimuli. It is proposed to be involved in pathological pain development and is therefore considered a potential target for treating pain. Local anesthetics have been used for patients with both acute and chronic pain. Although blockage of the voltage-gated sodium channel is the primary mechanism by which local anesthetics exert their effects, they cannot be explained by this mechanism alone, especially in pathologic states such as chronic pain. Indeed, the effects of local anesthetics on multiple targets involved in the pain pathway have been reported. It has also been suggested that modulating the function of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (eg, TRPV1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 [TRPA1]) is one of the mechanisms of action of local anesthetics. However, the effects of local anesthetics on TRPV3 have not been reported. METHODS We expressed TRPV3 in Xenopus oocytes and investigated the effects of local anesthetics on 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB)-induced currents using 2-electrode voltage-clamp techniques. RESULTS Clinically used local anesthetics inhibited the 2APB-activated currents from the TRPV3 channel in a concentration-dependent manner at pharmacologically relevant concentrations with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.5 (lidocaine), 1.4 (mepivacaine), 0.28 (ropivacaine), and 0.17 (bupivacaine) mmol/L, respectively. Conversely, these local anesthetics also directly induced currents at higher concentrations, although these currents were quite small compared to the 2APB-induced currents. We found that the inhibition of TRPV3 by lidocaine is noncompetitive and independent of intracellular signaling cascades. 2APB-induced TRPV3 currents were reduced by extracellular N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) triethylammonium bromide (QX-314) but not by intracellular QX-314 nor benzocaine. Moreover, lidocaine showed a use-dependent block in TRPV3 inhibition. Finally, QX-314 appeared to slightly permeate the activated TRPV3 channel pore based on examination of oocytes coexpressing TRPV3 and a sodium channel. These results suggest that local anesthetics could inhibit TRPV3 channel function by extracellular interactions of their charged forms with the channel pore. CONCLUSIONS Local anesthetics inhibited TRPV3 2APB-induced currents at pharmacologically relevant concentrations when TRPV3 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These effects seem to occur via an extracellular interaction between the charged form of the anesthetic with the TRPV3 channel pore. These results help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Horishita
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and
| | - Yuichi Ogata
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and
| | - Ryo Fukui
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and
| | - Ryo Yamazaki
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and
| | | | - Susumu Ueno
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Food and Nutrition, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Research Support, Cancer Center Hospital East
| | - Yuka Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Tondokoro T, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Yanagihara N, Anan A, Kodama H, Satoh N. Effects of participatory workplace improvement program on stress-related biomarkers and self-reported stress among university hospital nurses: a preliminary study. Ind Health 2021; 59:128-141. [PMID: 33487626 PMCID: PMC8010166 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although participatory workplace improvement programs are known to provide favorable effects on high stress occupations like nursing, no studies have confirmed its effect using biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine whether a participatory workplace improvement program would decrease stress-related symptoms as evaluated by biomarkers and self-reported stress among hospital nurses. Three actions to alleviate job stress, which were determined through focus group interviews and voting, were undertaken for two months. A total of 31 female Japanese nurses underwent measurement of inflammatory markers, autonomic nervous activity (ANA), and perceived job stress (PJS) at three-time points; before the program (T1), within a week after the completion of the program (T2), and three months after the program (T3). A series of inflammatory markers (Interferon-γ, Interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12/23p40) decreased significantly at T2, and IL-12/23p40 and IL-15 significantly decreased at T3 compared to T1, while ANA and PJS remained unchanged. Our participatory program exerted beneficial effects in reducing inflammatory responses, but not for ANA and PJS. Further investigations with a better study design, i.e., a randomized controlled trial, and a larger sample size are warranted to determine what exerted beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and why other outcomes remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukumi Tondokoro
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Akinori Nakata
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Japan
| | - Ayumi Anan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kodama
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Noriaki Satoh
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Horishita T, Ogata Y, Horishita R, Fukui R, Moriwaki K, Ueno S, Yanagihara N, Uezono Y, Sudo Y, Minami K. Carvacrol inhibits the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels Na v1.2, Na v1.6, Na v1.3, Na v1.7, and Na v1.8 expressed in Xenopus oocytes with different potencies. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 142:140-147. [PMID: 31982332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is the predominant monoterpene in essential oils from many aromatic plants. Several animal studies showing analgesic effects of carvacrol indicate potential of carvacrol as a new medication for patients with refractory pain. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are thought to have crucial roles in the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but there is limited information about whether the analgesic mechanism of carvacrol involves Nav. We used whole-cell, two-electrode, voltage-clamp techniques to examine the effects of carvacrol on sodium currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing α subunits of Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8. Carvacrol dose-dependently suppressed sodium currents at a holding potential that induced half-maximal current. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 were 233, 526, 215, 367, and 824 μmol/L, respectively, indicating that carvacrol had more potent inhibitory effects towards Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 than Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8. Gating analysis showed a depolarizing shift of the activation curve and a hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation curve in all five α subunits following carvacrol treatment. Furthermore, carvacrol exhibits a use-dependent block for all five α Nav subunits. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the analgesic effect of carvacrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Ogata
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reiko Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukui
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Moriwaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Susumu Ueno
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Food and Nutrition, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Cancer Pathophysiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Department of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Ogoshi T, Tsutsui M, Kido T, Sakanashi M, Naito K, Oda K, Ishimoto H, Yamada S, Wang KY, Toyohira Y, Izumi H, Masuzaki H, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Yatera K, Mukae H. Protective Role of Myelocytic Nitric Oxide Synthases against Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:232-244. [PMID: 29480750 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1783oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by NOSs (NO synthases), plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of NO/NOSs in bone marrow (BM) cells in PH remains elusive. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of NOSs in BM cells in PH. METHODS Experiments were performed on 36 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and on wild-type (WT), nNOS (neuronal NOS)-/-, iNOS (inducible NOS)-/-, eNOS (endothelial NOS)-/-, and n/i/eNOSs-/- mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the patients, there was a significant correlation between higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure and lower nitrite plus nitrate levels in the BAL fluid. In the mice, hypoxia-induced PH deteriorated significantly in the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype and, to a lesser extent, in the eNOS-/- genotype as compared with the WT genotype. In the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype exposed to hypoxia, the number of circulating BM-derived vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells was significantly larger, and transplantation of green fluorescent protein-transgenic BM cells revealed the contribution of BM cells to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Importantly, n/i/eNOSs-/--BM transplantation significantly aggravated hypoxia-induced PH in the WT genotype, and WT-BM transplantation significantly ameliorated hypoxia-induced PH in the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype. A total of 69 and 49 mRNAs related to immunity and inflammation, respectively, were significantly upregulated in the lungs of WT genotype mice transplanted with n/i/eNOSs-/--BM compared with those with WT-BM, suggesting the involvement of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the exacerbation of hypoxia-induced PH caused by n/i/eNOSs-/--BM transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that myelocytic n/i/eNOSs play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | - Hiroto Izumi
- 7 Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- 8 Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- 9 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mukae
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
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Ishikane S, Hosoda H, Nojiri T, Tokudome T, Mizutani T, Miura K, Akitake Y, Kimura T, Imamichi Y, Kawabe S, Toyohira Y, Yanagihara N, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Miyazato M, Miyamoto K, Kangawa K. Angiotensin II promotes pulmonary metastasis of melanoma through the activation of adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:136-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Horishita T, Yanagihara N, Ueno S, Okura D, Horishita R, Minami T, Ogata Y, Sudo Y, Uezono Y, Kawasaki T. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone sulfate inhibits Nav1.3 α subunit-containing voltage-gated sodium channels, expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:93-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Horishita T, Yanagihara N, Ueno S, Okura D, Horishita R, Minami T, Ogata Y, Sudo Y, Uezono Y, Sata T, Kawasaki T. Antidepressants inhibit Na v1.3, Na v1.7, and Na v1.8 neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels more potently than Na v1.2 and Na v1.6 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1255-1270. [PMID: 28905186 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and duloxetine are used to treat neuropathic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying their analgesic effects remain unclear. Although many investigators have shown inhibitory effects of antidepressants on voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) as a possible mechanism of analgesia, to our knowledge, no one has compared effects on the diverse variety of sodium channel α subunits. We investigated the effects of antidepressants on sodium currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 with a β1 subunit by using whole-cell, two-electrode, voltage clamp techniques. We also studied the role of the β3 subunit on the effect of antidepressants on Nav1.3. All antidepressants inhibited sodium currents in an inactivated state induced by all five α subunits with β1. The inhibitory effects were more potent for Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8, which are distributed in dorsal root ganglia, than Nav1.2 and Nav1.6, which are distributed primarily in the central nervous system. The effect of amitriptyline on Nav1.7 with β1 was most potent with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 4.6 μmol/L. IC50 for amitriptyline on Nav1.3 coexpressed with β1 was lowered from 8.4 to 4.5 μmol/L by coexpression with β3. Antidepressants predominantly inhibited the sodium channels expressed in dorsal root ganglia, and amitriptyline has the most potent inhibitory effect. This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, showing the diverse effects of antidepressants on various α subunits. Moreover, the β3 subunit appears important for inhibition of Nav1.3. These findings may aid better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pain relieving effects of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Susumu Ueno
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Dan Okura
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Reiko Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minami
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ogata
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Department of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Cancer Pathophysiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuouku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Sata
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
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Abe K, Yuda S, Yasui K, Oba N, Okubo A, Kobayashi C, Yanagihara N, Kawano Y, Nagahara D, Teramoto A, Nagoya S, Yamashita T, Takahashi S, Miura T. P5246Preoperative soleal vein diameter determined by ultrasonography is an independent predictor of deep vein thrombosis regardless of the type of major orthopedic surgery. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kina-Tanada M, Sakanashi M, Tanimoto A, Kaname T, Matsuzaki T, Noguchi K, Uchida T, Nakasone J, Kozuka C, Ishida M, Kubota H, Taira Y, Totsuka Y, Kina SI, Sunakawa H, Omura J, Satoh K, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Maeda S, Ohya Y, Matsushita M, Masuzaki H, Arasaki A, Tsutsui M. Long-term dietary nitrite and nitrate deficiency causes the metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular death in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1138-1151. [PMID: 28352942 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesised not only from L-arginine by NO synthases (NOSs), but also from its inert metabolites, nitrite and nitrate. Green leafy vegetables are abundant in nitrate, but whether or not a deficiency in dietary nitrite/nitrate spontaneously causes disease remains to be clarified. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that long-term dietary nitrite/nitrate deficiency would induce the metabolic syndrome in mice. METHODS To this end, we prepared a low-nitrite/nitrate diet (LND) consisting of an amino acid-based low-nitrite/nitrate chow, in which the contents of L-arginine, fat, carbohydrates, protein and energy were identical with a regular chow, and potable ultrapure water. Nitrite and nitrate were undetectable in both the chow and the water. RESULTS Three months of the LND did not affect food or water intake in wild-type C57BL/6J mice compared with a regular diet (RD). However, in comparison with the RD, 3 months of the LND significantly elicited visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance. Eighteen months of the LND significantly provoked increased body weight, hypertension, insulin resistance and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, while 22 months of the LND significantly led to death mainly due to cardiovascular disease, including acute myocardial infarction. These abnormalities were reversed by simultaneous treatment with sodium nitrate, and were significantly associated with endothelial NOS downregulation, adiponectin insufficiency and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results provide the first evidence that long-term dietary nitrite/nitrate deficiency gives rise to the metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular death in mice, indicating a novel pathogenetic role of the exogenous NO production system in the metabolic syndrome and its vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kina-Tanada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sakanashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Taro Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Junko Nakasone
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Haruaki Kubota
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yuji Taira
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yuichi Totsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Sunakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Omura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kimio Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Arasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Li X, Horishita T, Toyohira Y, Shao H, Bai J, Bo H, Song X, Ishikane S, Yoshinaga Y, Satoh N, Tsutsui M, Yanagihara N. Inhibitory effects of pine nodule extract and its component, SJ-2, on acetylcholine-induced catecholamine secretion and synthesis in bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:268-275. [PMID: 28433565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extract of pine nodules (matsufushi) formed by bark proliferation on the surface of trees of Pinus tabulaeformis or Pinus massoniana has been used as an analgesic for joint pain, rheumatism, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea and other complaints in Chinese traditional medicine. Here we report the effects of matsufushi extract and its components on catecholamine secretion and synthesis in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. We found that matsufushi extract (0.0003-0.005%) and its component, SJ-2 (5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-trans-stilbene) (0.3-100 μM), but not the other three, concentration-dependently inhibited catecholamine secretion induced by acetylcholine, a physiological secretagogue. Matsufushi extract (0.0003-0.005%) and SJ-2 (0.3-100 μM) also inhibited 45Ca2+ influx induced by acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to its effect on catecholamine secretion. They also suppressed 14C-catecholamine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase activity induced by acetylcholine. In Xenopus oocytes expressing α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, matsufushi extract (0.00003-0.001%) and SJ-2 (1-100 μM) directly inhibited the current evoked by acetylcholine. The present findings suggest that SJ-2, as well as matsufushi extract, inhibits acetylcholine-induced catecholamine secretion and synthesis by suppression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ion channels in bovine adrenal medullary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hui Shao
- Tokujun Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Tokujun Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haixia Bo
- Tokujun Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xinbo Song
- Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shin Ishikane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshinaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Noriaki Satoh
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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Shimmen T, Ogata K, Yanagihara N, Yoshihisa T. Electrical Perception of “Death Message” in <i>Chara</i>: The Role of Turgor Pressure. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Shimmen
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyōgo
| | - Koreaki Ogata
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Tohru Yoshihisa
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyōgo
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13
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Akata K, Yatera K, Wang KY, Naito K, Ogoshi T, Noguchi S, Kido T, Toyohira Y, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Tsutsui M, Mukae H. Decreased Bronchial Eosinophilic Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion in Asthmatic Mice Lacking All Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms. Lung 2015; 194:121-4. [PMID: 26685897 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airflow limitation with chronic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and mucus hypersecretion. NO is generated by three nitric oxide synthase (i/n/eNOSs) isoforms, but conflicting results have been reported using asthmatic mice treated with NOSs inhibitors and NOS-knockout mice. To elucidate the authentic role of NO/NOSs in asthma, we used asthmatic mice lacking all NOSs (n/i/eNOS(-/-)). METHODS Wild-type and n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Pathological findings and expressions of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -10, -13 and chemokines in the lung were evaluated. RESULTS Decreased eosinophilic inflammation, bronchial thickening and mucus secretion, IL-4, -5 and -13, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, eotaxin-1 and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine expressions were observed in n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice compared to wild-type, but expressions of IFN-γ and IL-10 were similar. CONCLUSION Using asthmatic n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice, NO plays important roles in accelerating bronchial eosinophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Akata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, UOEH, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ogoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UOEH, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
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14
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Li X, Toyohira Y, Horisita T, Satoh N, Takahashi K, Zhang H, Iinuma M, Yoshinaga Y, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Sata T, Yanagihara N. Ikarisoside A inhibits acetylcholine-induced catecholamine secretion and synthesis by suppressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ion channels in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:1259-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The partially implantable middle ear implant (MEI) is clinically useful for bilateral deafness when it is applied to the mixed deafness with a bone conduction threshold of 20-40 dB. Two out of five successful cases are reported. It should be noted that 1.5 years have passed without changes for the first successful implantation. The next step for application of the MEI to more cases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Okura D, Horishita T, Ueno S, Yanagihara N, Sudo Y, Uezono Y, Minami T, Kawasaki T, Sata T. Lidocaine Preferentially Inhibits the Function of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:597-605. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Yanagihara N, Seki M, Nakano M, Hachisuga T, Goto Y. Inverse correlation between the standard deviation of R-R intervals in supine position and the simplified menopausal index in women with climacteric symptoms. Menopause 2015; 21:669-72. [PMID: 24149918 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disturbance of autonomic nervous activity has been thought to play a role in the climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women. This study was therefore designed to investigate the relationship between autonomic nervous activity and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS The autonomic nervous activity of 40 Japanese women with climacteric symptoms and 40 Japanese women without climacteric symptoms was measured by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability using a standard hexagonal radar chart. The scores for climacteric symptoms were determined using the simplified menopausal index. RESULTS Sympathetic excitability and irritability, as well as the standard deviation of mean R-R intervals in supine position, were significantly (P < 0.01, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively) decreased in women with climacteric symptoms. There was a negative correlation between the standard deviation of mean R-R intervals in supine position and the simplified menopausal index score. The lack of control for potential confounding variables was a limitation of this study. CONCLUSIONS In climacteric women, the standard deviation of mean R-R intervals in supine position is negatively correlated with the simplified menopausal index score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- From the 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and 2Department of Nursing of Human Broad Development, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan; 3Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Junshin Gakuen University, Chikushiogaoka, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan; and 5Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Azakarimata, Ooazaiwasaku, Nagakutecho Aichi-gun, Japan
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18
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Tsutsui M, Tanimoto A, Tamura M, Mukae H, Yanagihara N, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y. Significance of nitric oxide synthases: Lessons from triple nitric oxide synthases null mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 127:42-52. [PMID: 25704017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by three distinct NO synthases (neuronal, inducible, and endothelial NOSs), all of which are expressed in almost all tissues and organs in humans. The regulatory roles of NOSs in vivo have been investigated in pharmacological studies with non-selective NOS inhibitors. However, the specificity of the inhibitors continues to be an issue of debate, and the authentic significance of NOSs is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated mice in which all three NOS genes are completely disrupted. The triple NOSs null mice exhibited cardiovascular abnormalities, including hypertension, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic heart failure, and reduced EDHF responses, with a shorter survival. The triple NOSs null mice also displayed metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome and high-fat diet-induced severe dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the triple NOSs null mice showed renal abnormalities (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and pathological renal remodeling), lung abnormalities (accelerated pulmonary fibrosis), and bone abnormalities (increased bone mineral density and bone turnover). These results provide evidence that NOSs play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of disorders. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the significance of NOSs in vivo, based on lessons learned from experiments with our triple mutant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahito Tamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Otsuji
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Uchida T, Furuno Y, Tanimoto A, Toyohira Y, Arakaki K, Kina-Tanada M, Kubota H, Sakanashi M, Matsuzaki T, Noguchi K, Nakasone J, Igarashi T, Ueno S, Matsushita M, Ishiuchi S, Masuzaki H, Ohya Y, Yanagihara N, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y, Tamura M, Tsutsui M. Development of an experimentally useful model of acute myocardial infarction: 2/3 nephrectomized triple nitric oxide synthases-deficient mouse. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:29-41. [PMID: 25265498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of subtotal nephrectomy on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in mice deficient in all three nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). Two-thirds nephrectomy (NX) was performed on male triple NOSs(-/-) mice. The 2/3NX caused sudden cardiac death due to AMI in the triple NOSs(-/-) mice as early as 4months after the surgery. The 2/3NX triple NOSs(-/-) mice exhibited electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation, reduced heart rate variability, echocardiographic regional wall motion abnormality, and accelerated coronary arteriosclerotic lesion formation. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia), an increased number of circulating bone marrow-derived vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) progenitor cells (a pro-arteriosclerotic factor), and cardiac up-regulation of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α (a chemotactic factor of the progenitor cells) were noted in the 2/3NX triple NOSs(-/-) mice and were associated with significant increases in plasma angiotensin II levels (a marker of renin-angiotensin system activation) and urinary 8-isoprostane levels (a marker of oxidative stress). Importantly, combined treatment with a clinical dosage of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, irbesartan, and a calcium channel antagonist, amlodipine, markedly prevented coronary arteriosclerotic lesion formation and the incidence of AMI and improved the prognosis of those mice, along with ameliorating all those pro-arteriosclerotic parameters. The 2/3NX triple NOSs(-/-) mouse is a new experimentally useful model of AMI. Renin-angiotensin system activation, oxidative stress, cardiovascular risk factors, and SDF-1α-induced recruitment of bone marrow-derived VSMC progenitor cells appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of AMI in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Furuno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arakaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mika Kina-Tanada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Haruaki Kubota
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sakanashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Junko Nakasone
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomonori Igarashi
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Susumu Ueno
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Ishiuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Otsuji
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masahito Tamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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Tsutsui M, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y, Yanagihara N. [Role of nitric oxide synthases in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 143:226-31. [PMID: 24813792 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.143.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Okura D, Horishita T, Ueno S, Yanagihara N, Sudo Y, Uezono Y, Sata T. The endocannabinoid anandamide inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.2, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 in Xenopus oocytes. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:554-62. [PMID: 24557103 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anandamide is an endocannabinoid that regulates multiple physiological functions by pharmacological actions, in a manner similar to marijuana. Recently, much attention has been paid to the analgesic effect of endocannabinoids in terms of identifying new pharmacotherapies for refractory pain management, but the mechanisms of the analgesic effects of anandamide are still obscure. Voltage-gated sodium channels are believed to play important roles in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We investigated the effects of anandamide on 4 neuronal sodium channel α subunits, Nav1.2, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8, to explore the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effects of anandamide. METHODS We studied the effects of anandamide on Nav1.2, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 α subunits with β1 subunits by using whole-cell, 2-electrode, voltage-clamp techniques in Xenopus oocytes. RESULTS Anandamide inhibited sodium currents of all subunits at a holding potential causing half-maximal current (V1/2) in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for Nav1.2, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 were 17, 12, 27, and 40 μmol/L, respectively, indicating an inhibitory effect on Nav1.6, which showed the highest potency. Anandamide raised the depolarizing shift of the activation curve as well as the hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation curve in all α subunits, suggesting that sodium current inhibition was due to decreased activation and increased inactivation. Moreover, anandamide showed a use-dependent block in Nav1.2, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7 but not Nav1.8. CONCLUSION Anandamide inhibited the function of α subunits in neuronal sodium channels Nav1.2, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8. These results help clarify the mechanisms of the analgesic effects of anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Okura
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine; †Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, ‡Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka; §Department of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo university of Science, Chiba; and ‖Cancer Pathophysiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshimura M, Hagimoto M, Matsuura T, Ohkubo J, Ohno M, Maruyama T, Ishikura T, Hashimoto H, Kakuma T, Yoshimatsu H, Terawaki K, Uezono Y, Toyohira Y, Yanagihara N, Ueta Y. Effects of food deprivation on the hypothalamic feeding-regulating peptides gene expressions in serotonin depleted rats. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:97-104. [PMID: 24162946 PMCID: PMC10717885 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of serotonin (5-HT) depletion induced by peripheral injection of 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on the expression of feeding-regulating peptides expressions by using in situ hybridization histochemistry in adult male Wistar rats. PCPA pretreatment had no significant effect on basal levels of oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) or orexin in the hypothalamus. Food deprivation for 48 h caused a significant decrease in CRH, TRH, POMC, and CART, and a significant increase in NPY, AgRP and MCH. After PCPA treatment, POMC and CART did not decrease despite food deprivation. NPY was significantly increased by food deprivation with PCPA, but was attenuated compared to food deprivation without PCPA. These results suggest that the serotonergic system in the hypothalamus may be involved in the gene expression of POMC, CART, and NPY related to feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Marina Hagimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Junichi Ohkubo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Motoko Ohno
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Ishikura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakuma
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503 Japan
| | - Hironobu Yoshimatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Terawaki
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, Group for Development of Molecular Diagnostics and Individualized Therapy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, Group for Development of Molecular Diagnostics and Individualized Therapy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
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Yanagihara N, Zhang H, Toyohira Y, Takahashi K, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Takahashi K. New insights into the pharmacological potential of plant flavonoids in the catecholamine system. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:123-8. [PMID: 24492414 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r17cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are biologically active polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants. Recent research has focused on high dietary intake of flavonoids because of their potential to reduce the risks of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. We report here the effects of plant flavonoids on catecholamine signaling in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells used as a model of central and peripheral sympathetic neurons. Daidzein (0.01 - 1.0 μM), a soy isoflavone, stimulated (14)C-catecholamine synthesis through plasma membrane estrogen receptors. Nobiletin (1.0 - 100 μM), a citrus polymethoxy flavone, enhanced (14)C-catecholamine synthesis through the phosphorylation of Ser19 and Ser40 of tyrosine hydroxylase, which was associated with (45)Ca(2+) influx and catecholamine secretion. Treatment with genistein (0.01 - 10 μM), another isoflavone, but not daidzein, enhanced [(3)H]noradrenaline uptake by SK-N-SH cells, a human noradrenergic neuroblastoma cell line. Daidzein as well as nobiletin (≥ 1.0 μM) inhibited catecholamine synthesis and secretion induced by acetylcholine, a physiological secretagogue. The present review shows that plant flavonoids have various pharmacological potentials on the catecholamine system in adrenal medullary cells, and probably also in sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Inagaki H, Toyohira Y, Takahashi K, Ueno S, Obara G, Kawagoe T, Tsutsui M, Hachisuga T, Yanagihara N. Effects of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators on Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors and Catecholamine Synthesis and Secretion in Cultured Bovine Adrenal Medullary Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:66-75. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13155fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Yanagihara N, Toyohira Y, Takahashi K, Inagaki H, Satoh N, Li X, Goa X, Tsutsui M, Takahaishi K. Stimulatory effect of nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxy flavone, on catecholamine synthesis through Ser19 and Ser40 phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:15-22. [PMID: 24043291 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the dual effects of nobiletin, a compound of polymethoxy flavones found in citrus fruits, on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Here, we report the effects of nobiletin on catecholamine synthesis in the cells. Nobiletin increased the synthesis of (14)C-catecholamines from [(14)C]tyrosine in a time (20-30 min)- and concentration (1.0-100 μM)-dependent manner. Nobiletin (10-100 μM) also activated tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The stimulatory effect of nobiletin on (14)C-catecholamine synthesis was not observed when extracellular Ca(2+) was not present in the incubation medium. Protein kinase inhibitors including H-89, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, suppressed the stimulatory effects of nobiletin on catecholamine synthesis as well as tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Nobiletin also induced the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser(19) and Ser(40). Nobiletin (1.0-100 μM) inhibited (14)C-catecholamine synthesis induced by acetylcholine. The present findings suggest that nobiletin, by itself, stimulates catecholamine synthesis through tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation at Ser(19) and Ser(40), whereas it inhibits catecholamine synthesis induced by acetylcholine in bovine adrenal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by three distinct NO synthase (NOS) isoforms (neuronal, inducible, and endothelial NOS), all of which are expressed in the human heart. The roles of NOSs in the pathogenesis of heart failure have been described in pharmacological studies with NOS inhibitors. Recently, genetically engineered animals have been used. We have generated mice in which all 3 NOS isoforms are completely disrupted (triple n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice). Morphological, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic analysis were performed in wild-type, singly nNOS(-/-), iNOS(-/-), eNOS(-/-), and triple n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice. Importantly, significant left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction was noted only in n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice, and those pathology was similar to diastolic heart failure in humans. Finally, treatment with an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, significantly prevented those abnormalities. These results provide the evidence that AT1 receptor pathway plays a center role in the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders in the n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice. Our studies with triple n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice provide pivotal insights into an understanding of the pathophysiology of NOSs in human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Shibata
- Department of Second Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Guo H, Mao H, Pan G, Zhang H, Fan G, Li W, Zhou K, Zhu Y, Yanagihara N, Gao X. Antagonism of Cortex Periplocae extract-induced catecholamines secretion by Panax notoginseng saponins in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells by drug combinations. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 147:447-55. [PMID: 23524165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) operates on the general principle that compatible components of different herbal decoction may work together to synergistically enhance therapeutic efficacy or reduce adverse effects. Cortex Periplocae is an herb that has been used in TCM clinics for a long time in the treatment of chronic heart failure. However, recently, the use of this herb has been restricted because of widespread abuse and misapplications. Radix Notoginseng is another herb that is used in TCM because of its protective role on cardiomyocytes. From our previous studies on these two herbs in a mouse model, we observed an increased LD50 after oral administration of Cortex Periplocae extract (CPE) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in a ratio of 1:1 compared with Cortex Periplocae extract used alone. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether there are mutual synergistic effects of the two herbal extracts, CPE and PNS, on catecholamines (CAs) secretion, and their possible underlying mechanism(s) for such effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS CPE and PNS were quantified by the LC-MS/MS method. HPLC-ECD was used to determine the CAs secreted into the medium by bovine adrenal medulla cells (BAMCs) and calcium influx was measured using a Calcium 4 reagent kit. RESULTS We found that the stimulatory effect of CPE on CAs secretion was inhibited when used together with PNS. For a better clarification of the different constituents of the extracts, a quantitative analysis was carried out. Periplocin was found to be the main active component of CPE valued as 0.99% and saponins were the principal constituents of PNS. These results also showed that CPE increased the secretion of CAs in a dose-dependent manner while the actions of PNS were seen to be inhibitory. Periplocin monomer of CPE could be implicated for the actions of CPE since it plays the role of increasing the ACh-induced CAs secretion in a calcium-dependent manner. We therefore conclude that; CPE and PNS exert antagonistic effects in regulating the concentration of intracellular calcium. CONCLUSIONS PNS inhibits CPE-induced CAs secretion by suppressing calcium influx in bovine adrenal medulla cells while periplocin, one of the main components of CPE has the same secretagogue effect as CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Obara G, Toyohira Y, Inagaki H, Takahashi K, Horishita T, Kawasaki T, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Sata T, Yanagihara N. Pentazocine inhibits norepinephrine transporter function by reducing its surface expression in bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 121:138-47. [PMID: 23370666 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12164fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(±)-Pentazocine (PTZ), a non-narcotic analgesic, is used for the clinical management of moderate to severe pain. To study the effect of PTZ on the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system, in the present study we examined the effect of [(3)H]norepinephrine (NE) uptake by cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells and human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. (-)-PTZ and (+)-PTZ inhibited [(3)H]NE uptake by adrenal medullary cells in a concentration-dependent (3-100 μM) manner. Eadie-Hofstee analysis of [(3)H]NE uptake showed that both PTZs caused a significant decrease in the V(max) with little change in the apparent K(m), suggesting non-competitive inhibition. Nor-Binaltorphimine and BD-1047, κ-opioid and σ-receptor antagonists, respectively, did not affect the inhibition of [(3)H]NE uptake induced by (-)-PTZ and (+)-PTZ, respectively. PTZs suppressed specific [(3)H]nisoxetine binding to intact SK-N-SH cells, but not directly to the plasma membranes isolated from the bovine adrenal medulla. Scatchard analysis of [(3)H]nisoxetine binding to SK-N-SH cells revealed that PTZs reduced the B(max) without changing the apparent K(d). Western blot analysis showed a decrease in biotinylated cell-surface NE transporter (NET) expression after the treatment with (-)-PTZ. These findings suggest that PTZ inhibits the NET function by reducing the amount of NET in the cell surface membranes through an opioid and σ-receptor-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Obara
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Sakanashi M, Matsuzaki T, Noguchi K, Nakasone J, Sakanashi M, Uchida T, Kina-Tanada M, Kubota H, Arakaki K, Tanimoto A, Yanagihara N, Sakanashi M, Ohya Y, Masuzaki H, Ishiuchi S, Sugahara K, Tsutsui M. Long-Term Treatment With San’o-Shashin-To, a Kampo Medicine, Markedly Ameliorates Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Ovariectomized Rats via the Redox-Dependent Mechanism. Circ J 2013; 77:1827-37. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-12-1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Sakanashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Toshihiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Katsuhiko Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Junko Nakasone
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Makiko Sakanashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Taro Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Mika Kina-Tanada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Haruaki Kubota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Kumiko Arakaki
- Third, Departments of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Matao Sakanashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- Third, Departments of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Second, Departments of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Shogo Ishiuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Kazuhiro Sugahara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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Horishita T, Ueno S, Yanagihara N, Sudo Y, Uezono Y, Okura D, Sata T. Inhibition by pregnenolone sulphate, a metabolite of the neurosteroid pregnenolone, of voltage-gated sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 120:54-8. [PMID: 22878600 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12106sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids are known as allosteric modulators of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)) play an important role in mediating excitotoxic damages. Here we report the effects of neurosteroids on the function of Na(v), using voltage-clamp techniques in Xenopus oocytes expressed with the Na(v)1.2 α subunit. Pregnenolone sulphate, but not pregnenolone, inhibited sodium currents (I(Na)) at 3 - 100 μmol/L. The suppression of I(Na) by pregnenolone sulphate was due to increased inactivation with little change in activation. These findings suggest that pregnenolone sulphate, a metabolite of pregnenolone, suppresses the function of Na(v) via increased inactivation, which may contribute to the neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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Yi Chun DX, Alexandre H, Edith B, Nacera O, Julie P, Chantal J, Eric R, Zhang X, Jin Y, Miravete M, Dissard R, Klein J, Gonzalez J, Caubet C, Pecher C, Pipy B, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra J, Buffin-Meyer B, Claire R, Rigothier C, Richard D, Sebastien L, Moin S, Chantal B, Christian C, Jean R, Migliori M, Migliori M, Cantaluppi V, Mannari C, Medica D, Giovannini L, Panichi V, Goldwich A, Alexander S, Andre G, Amann K, Migliorini A, Sagrinati C, Angelotti ML, Mulay SR, Ronconi E, Peired A, Romagnani P, Anders HJ, Chiang WC, Lai CF, Peng WH, Wu CF, Chang FC, Chen YT, Lin SL, Chen YM, Wu KD, Lu KS, Tsai TJ, Virgine O, Qing Feng F, Zhang SY, Dominique D, Vincent A, Marina C, Philippe L, Georges G, Pawlak A, Sahali D, Matsumoto S, Kiyomoto H, Ichimura A, Dan T, Nakamichi T, Tsujita T, Akahori K, Ito S, Miyata T, Xie S, Zhang B, Shi W, Yang Y, Nagasu H, Satoh M, Kidokoro K, Nishi Y, Ihoriya C, Kadoya H, Sasaki T, Kashihara N, Wu CF, Chang FC, Chen YT, Chou YH, Duffield J, Lin SL, Rocca C, Rocca C, Gregorini M, Corradetti V, Valsania T, Bedino G, Bosio F, Pattonieri EF, Esposito P, Sepe V, Libetta C, Rampino T, Dal Canton A, Bedino G, Gregorini M, Corradetti V, Rocca C, Pattonieri EF, Valsania T, Bosio F, Esposito P, Sepe V, Libetta C, Rampino T, Dal Canton A, Omori H, Kawada N, Inoue K, Ueda Y, Yamamoto R, Matsui I, Kaimori J, Takabatake Y, Moriyama T, Isaka Y, Rakugi H, Wasilewska A, Taranta-Janusz K, Deebek W, Kuroczycka-Saniutycz E, Lee AS, Lee AS, Lee JE, Jung YJ, Kang KP, Lee S, Kim W, Arfian N, Emoto N, Yagi K, Nakayama K, Hartopo AB, Nugrahaningsih DA, Yanagisawa M, Hirata KI, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Oujo B, Munoz-Felix JM, Arevalo M, Bernabeu C, Perez-Barriocanal F, Lopez-Novoa JM, Jesper K, Nathalie V, Pierre G, Yi Chun DX, Alexandre H, Eric R, Iyoda M, Shibata T, Matsumoto K, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Wada Y, Akizawa T, Schwartz I, Schwartz D, Prot Bertoye C, Prot Bertoye C, Terryn S, Claver J, Beghdadi WB, Monteiro R, Blank U, Devuyst O, Daugas E, Van Beneden K, Geers C, Pauwels M, Mannaerts I, Van den Branden C, Van Grunsven LA, Seckin I, Pekpak M, Uzunalan M, Uruluer B, Kokturk S, Ozturk Z, Sonmez H, Yaprak E, Furuno Y, Tsutsui M, Morishita T, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y, Yanagihara N, Kabashima N, Ryota S, Kanegae K, Miyamoto T, Nakamata J, Ishimatsu N, Tamura M, Nakagawa T, Nakagawa T, Ichikawa K, Miyamoto M, Takabayashi D, Yamazaki H, Kakeshita K, Koike T, Kagitani S, Tomoda F, Hamashima T, Ishii Y, Inoue H, Sasahara M, El Machhour F, Kerroch M, Mesnard L, Chatziantoniou C, Dussaule JC, Inui K, Sasai F, Maruta Y, Nishiwaki H, Kawashima E, Inoue Y, Yoshimura A, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto K, Iyoda M, Shibata T, Wada Y, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Akizawa T, Musacchio E, Priante G, Valvason C, Sartori L, Baggio B, Kim JH, Gross O, Diana R, Gry DH, Asimal B, Johanna T, Imke SE, Lydia W, Gerhard-Anton M, Hassan D, Cano JL, Griera M, Olmos G, Martin P, Cortes MA, Lopez-Ongil S, Rodriguez-Puyol D, DE Frutos S, Gonzalez M, DE Frutos S, Cano JL, Luengo A, Martin P, Rodriguez-Puyol M, Calleros L, Lupica R, Lacquaniti A, Donato V, Maggio R, Mastroeni C, Lucisano S, Cernaro V, Fazio MR, Quartarone A, Buemi M, Kacik M, Goedicke S, Eggert H, Hoyer JD, Wurm S, Wurm S, Steege A, Banas M, Kurtz A, Banas B, Lasagni L, Lazzeri E, Peired A, Angelotti ML, Ronconi E, Romoli S, Romagnani P, Schaefer I, Teng B, Worthmann K, Haller H, Schiffer M, Prattichizzo C, Netti GS, Rocchetti MT, Cormio L, Carrieri G, Stallone G, Grandaliano G, Ranieri E, Gesualdo L, Kucher A, Smirnov A, Parastayeva M, Beresneva O, Kayukov I, Zubina I, Ivanova G, Abed A, Schlekenbach L, Foglia B, Chatziantoniou C, Kwak B, Chadjichristos C, Queisser N, Schupp N, Brand S, Himer L, Himer L, Szebeni B, Sziksz E, Saijo S, Kis E, Prokai A, Banki NF, Fekete A, Tulassay T, Vannay A, Hegner B, Schaub T, Lange C, Dragun D, Klinkhammer BM, Rafael K, Monika M, Anna M, Van Roeyen C, Boor P, Eva Bettina B, Simon O, Esther S, Floege J, Kunter U, Hegner B, Janke D, Schaub T, Lange C, Jankowski J, Dragun D, Hayashi M, Takamatsu I, Horimai C, Yoshida T, Seno DI Marco G, Koenig M, Stock C, Reiermann S, Amler S, Koehler G, Fobker M, Buck F, Pavenstaedt H, Lang D, Brand M, Plotnikov E, Morosanova M, Pevzner I, Zorova L, Pulkova N, Zorov D, Wornle M, Ribeiro A, Belling F, Merkle M, Nakazawa D, Nishio S, Shibasaki S, Tomaru U, Akihiro I, Kobayashi I, Imanishi Y, Kurajoh M, Nagata Y, Yamagata M, Emoto M, Michigami T, Ishimura E, Inaba M, Nishi Y, Satoh M, Sasaki T, Kashihara N, Wu CC, Lu KC, Chen JS, Chu P, Lin YF, Eller K, Schroll A, Banas M, Kirsch A, Huber J, Weiss G, Theurl I, Rosenkranz AR, Zawada A, Rogacev K, Achenbach M, Fliser D, Held G, Heine GH, Miyamoto Y, Iwao Y, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Ishima Y, Chuang VTG, Sato K, Otagiri M, Maruyama T, Ueda Y, Iwatani H, Isaka Y, Watanabe H, Honda D, Miyamoto Y, Noguchi T, Kadowaki D, Ishima Y, Tanaka M, Tanaka H, Fukagawa M, Otagiri M, Maruyama T, Wornle M, Ribeiro A, Pircher J, Koppel S, Mannell H, Krotz F, Merkle M, Virzi GM, Bolin C, Cruz D, Scalzotto E, De Cal M, Vescovo G, Ronco C, Virzi GM, Bolin C, Cruz D, Scalzotto E, De Cal M, Vescovo G, Ronco C, Grobmayr R, Lech M, Ryu M, Anders HJ, Aoshima Y, Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, Kumata C, Nakazawa A, Kondo F, Ono N, Koiwa F, Kinugasa E, Akizawa T, Freisinger W, Lale N, Lampert A, Ditting T, Heinlein S, Schmieder RE, Veelken R, Nave H, Perthel R, Suntharalingam M, Bode-Boger S, Beutel G, Kielstein J, Rodrigues-Diez R, Rodrigues-Diez R, Rayego-Mateos S, Lavoz C, Stark Aroeira LG, Orejudo M, Alique M, Ortiz A, Egido J, Ruiz-Ortega M, Oskar W, Rusan C, Schaub T, Hegner B, Dragun D, Padberg JS, Wiesinger A, Brand M, Seno DI Marco G, Reuter S, Grabner A, Kentrup D, Lukasz A, Oberleithner H, Pavenstadt H, Kumpers P, Eberhardt HU, Skerka C, Chen Q, Hallstroem T, Hartmann A, Kemper MJ, Zipfel PF, N'gome-Sendeyo K, Fan QF, Zhang SY, Pawlak A, Sahali D, Wornle M, Ribeiro A, Merkle M, Toblli J, Toblli J, Cao G, Giani JF, Dominici FP, Kim JS, Yang JW, Kim MK, Han BG, Choi SO. Experimental pathology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kuboyama K, Tsuda M, Tsutsui M, Toyohara Y, Tozaki-Saitoh H, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Inoue K. Reduced spinal microglial activation and neuropathic pain after nerve injury in mice lacking all three nitric oxide synthases. Mol Pain 2011; 7:50. [PMID: 21756313 PMCID: PMC3152900 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in acute and chronic pain using mice lacking a single NO synthase (NOS) gene among the three isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) and endothelial (eNOS). However, the precise role of NOS/NO in pain states remains to be determined owing to the substantial compensatory interactions among the NOS isoforms. Therefore, in this study, we used mice lacking all three NOS genes (n/i/eNOS-/-mice) and investigated the behavioral phenotypes in a series of acute and chronic pain assays. Results In a model of tissue injury-induced pain, evoked by intraplantar injection of formalin, both iNOS-/-and n/i/eNOS-/-mice exhibited attenuations of pain behaviors in the second phase compared with that in wild-type mice. In a model of neuropathic pain, nerve injury-induced behavioral and cellular responses (tactile allodynia, spinal microglial activation and Src-family kinase phosphorylation) were reduced in n/i/eNOS-/-but not iNOS-/-mice. Tactile allodynia after nerve injury was improved by acute pharmacological inhibition of all NOSs and nNOS. Furthermore, in MG-5 cells (a microglial cell-line), interferon-γ enhanced NOSs and Mac-1 mRNA expression, and the Mac-1 mRNA increase was suppressed by L-NAME co-treatment. Conversely, the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, markedly increased mRNA expression of Mac-1, interleukin-6, toll-like receptor 4 and P2X4 receptor. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that the NOS/NO pathway contributes to behavioral pain responses evoked by tissue injury and nerve injury. In particular, nNOS may be important for spinal microglial activation and tactile allodynia after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kuboyama
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Although radiotherapy has been generally accepted as the treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), NPC at the primary site is not always controlled by this therapy. We performed surgical treatment to eradicate such residual tumor through a transmandibular, transpterygoid approach, on four patients with local residual NPC after curative radiotherapy. Two patients survived with no evidence of disease for more than 6 years. The other two patients died of multiple metastases to the liver or bone at 4 years and at 6 months after treatment. However, the nasopharynx remained free of disease in these two patients. Although the number of patients in the present series is small, surgical treatment of local persistent tumor after radiotherapy was beneficial. The indication for this technique is tumor in the nasopharynx extending to the parapharyngeal space, not invading intracranially. The transmandibular, transpterygoid approach offers a wide operative field with minimal postoperative morbidity, making it possible to manage the internal carotid artery easily.
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Abstract
From 1969 to 1990, 16 patients were treated for petrous apex cholesteatoma invading or extending beyond the internal auditory canal. This type of cholesteatoma poses various specific surgical problems and various surgical procedures are necessary for treatment. To attain maximal therapeutic effect and ensure postoperatively a satisfactory quality of life, the preoperative therapeutic scheme for each individual patient is very important, as is demonstrated by the case study presented here. The therapeutic scheme includes the following: (1) surgical approach; (2) management of a cavity following removal of the cholesteatoma; (3) handling of problems such as involvement of the dura and internal carotid artery; and (4) management of the facial nerve.
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Furuno Y, Morishita T, Toyohira Y, Yamada S, Ueno S, Morisada N, Sugita K, Noguchi K, Sakanashi M, Miyata H, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y, Yanagihara N, Tamura M, Tsutsui M. Crucial vasculoprotective role of the whole nitric oxide synthase system in vascular lesion formation in mice: Involvement of bone marrow-derived cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:350-9. [PMID: 21767657 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although all three nitric oxide (NO) synthases (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) are expressed in injured arteries, it remains to be elucidated the role of the NOSs in their entirety in the vascular lesion formation. We addressed this issue in mice deficient in all NOS genes. Vascular injury was induced by permanent ligation of a unilateral carotid artery in wild-type (WT), singly, and triply NOS(-/-) mice. Two weeks after the procedure, constrictive vascular remodeling and neointimal formation were recognized in the ligated arteries. While constrictive remodeling was noted in the nNOS(-/-) and iNOS(-/-) genotypes, it was most accelerated in the n/i/eNOS(-/-) genotype. While neointimal formation was evident in the eNOS(-/-) and nNOS(-/-) genotypes, it was also most aggravated in the n/i/eNOS(-/-) genotype. Those lesions were reversed by long-term treatment with isosorbide dinitrate, a NO donor. Finally, we examined the involvement of bone marrow-derived cells in the vascular lesion formation. Bone marrow from the WT, singly, or triply NOS(-/-) mice was transplanted into the WT mice, and then the carotid ligation was performed. Intriguingly, constrictive remodeling and neointimal formation were both similarly most exacerbated in the case of the n/i/eNOS(-/-) bone marrow transplantation. These results indicate that the complete disruption of all the NOS genes causes markedly accelerated vascular lesion formation caused by blood flow disruption in mice in vivo, demonstrating the crucial vasculoprotective role of the whole endogenous NOS system. Our findings also suggest that the NOS system in bone marrow-derived cells may be involved in this vasculoprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Furuno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Kubota T, Kubota N, Kumagai H, Yamaguchi S, Kozono H, Takahashi T, Inoue M, Itoh S, Takamoto I, Sasako T, Kumagai K, Kawai T, Hashimoto S, Kobayashi T, Sato M, Tokuyama K, Nishimura S, Tsunoda M, Ide T, Murakami K, Yamazaki T, Ezaki O, Kawamura K, Masuda H, Moroi M, Sugi K, Oike Y, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Tsutsui M, Terauchi Y, Tobe K, Nagai R, Kamata K, Inoue K, Kodama T, Ueki K, Kadowaki T. Impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells reduces insulin-induced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Cell Metab 2011; 13:294-307. [PMID: 21356519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In obese patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin delivery to and insulin-dependent glucose uptake by skeletal muscle are delayed and impaired. The mechanisms underlying the delay and impairment are unclear. We demonstrate that impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells, due to reduced Irs2 expression and insulin-induced eNOS phosphorylation, causes attenuation of insulin-induced capillary recruitment and insulin delivery, which in turn reduces glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Moreover, restoration of insulin-induced eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells completely reverses the reduction in capillary recruitment and insulin delivery in tissue-specific knockout mice lacking Irs2 in endothelial cells and fed a high-fat diet. As a result, glucose uptake by skeletal muscle is restored in these mice. Taken together, our results show that insulin signaling in endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Furthermore, improving endothelial insulin signaling may serve as a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Dong Q, Sugiura T, Toyohira Y, Yoshida Y, Yanagihara N, Karasaki Y. Stimulation of IFN-γ production by garlic lectin in mouse spleen cells: involvement of IL-12 via activation of p38 MAPK and ERK in macrophages. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:309-316. [PMID: 20724126 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several lectins, present in beans and edible plant products, have immuno-potentiating and anti-tumor activities. We here report the effects of garlic lectin purified from garlic bulbs on the production of cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the mouse. Garlic lectin induced IFN-γ production in spleen cells in a bell-shaped time (24-60 h)- and concentration (0.25-2.0 mg/ml)-dependent manner. The maximal enhancement was observed at 36 h with 0.5 mg/ml of garlic lectin. The stimulatory effect of garlic lectin on IFN-γ production was completely inhibited by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide, an inhibitor of ribosomal protein synthesis and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively, and was associated with an increase in IFN-γ mRNA level. Garlic lectin also induced IL-12 production in mouse peritoneal macrophages in a concentration (0.25-1.0 mg/ml)- and bell-shaped time (3-24 h)-dependent manner. The lectin increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in macrophages. Furthermore, specific pharmacological inhibitors of ERK kinase (U0126) and p38 MAPK (SB203580) also suppressed the production of IL-12 induced by garlic lectin. The present findings suggest that garlic lectin induces IL-12 production via activation of p38 MAPK and ERK in mouse macrophages, which, in turn, stimulates IFN-γ production through an increase in IFN-γ mRNA in the spleen cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Human Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Nakano K, Yamaoka K, Hanami K, Saito K, Sasaguri Y, Yanagihara N, Tanaka S, Katsuki I, Matsushita S, Tanaka Y. Dopamine induces IL-6-dependent IL-17 production via D1-like receptor on CD4 naive T cells and D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 inhibits cartilage destruction in a human rheumatoid arthritis/SCID mouse chimera model. J Immunol 2011; 186:3745-52. [PMID: 21307293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A major neurotransmitter dopamine transmits signals via five different seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors termed D1-D5. Several studies have shown that dopamine not only mediates interactions into the nervous system, but can contribute to the modulation of immunity via receptors expressed on immune cells. We have previously shown an autocrine/paracrine release of dopamine by dendritic cells (DCs) during Ag presentation to naive CD4(+) T cells and found efficacious results of a D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis and in the NOD mouse model of type I diabetes, with inhibition of Th17 response. This study aimed to assess the role of dopaminergic signaling in Th17-mediated immune responses and in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In human naive CD4(+) T cells, dopamine increased IL-6-dependent IL-17 production via D1-like receptors, in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAb. Furthermore, dopamine was localized with DCs in the synovial tissue of RA patients and significantly increased in RA synovial fluid. In the RA synovial/SCID mouse chimera model, although a selective D2-like receptor antagonist haloperidol significantly induced accumulation of IL-6(+) and IL-17(+) T cells with exacerbated cartilage destruction, SCH-23390 strongly suppressed these responses. Taken together, these findings indicate that dopamine released by DCs induces IL-6-Th17 axis and causes aggravation of synovial inflammation of RA, which is the first time, to our knowledge, that actual evidence has shown the pathological relevance of dopaminergic signaling with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Tsutsui M, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y, Yanagihara N. Pathophysiological relevance of NO signaling in the cardiovascular system: Novel insight from mice lacking all NO synthases. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shibata K, Yatera Y, Furuno Y, Sabanai K, Morisada N, Nakata S, Morishita T, Yamazaki F, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, Tasaki H, Nakashima Y, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Otsuji Y, Tsutsui M. Spontaneous development of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in mice lacking all nitric oxide synthases. Circ J 2010; 74:2681-92. [PMID: 20966596 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system in cardiac architecture and function remains unknown. This point was addressed in mice that lack all 3 NOS genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Morphological, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic analyses were performed in wild-type (WT), singly nNOS(-/-), iNOS(-/-), eNOS(-/-), and triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice. At 5 months of age, but not at 2 months of age, significant left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was noted in n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice and to a lesser extent in eNOS(-/-) mice, but not in nNOS(-/-) or iNOS(-/-) mice, compared with WT mice. Importantly, significant LV diastolic dysfunction (as evaluated by echocardiographic E/A wave ratio and hemodynamic -dP/dt and Tau), with preserved LV systolic function (as assessed by echocardiographic fractional shortening and hemodynamic +dP/dt), was noted only in n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice, and this was associated with enhanced LV end-diastolic pressure and increased lung wet weight, all of which are characteristics consistent with diastolic heart failure in humans. Finally, long-term oral treatment with an angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blocker, olmesartan, significantly prevented all these abnormalities of n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first direct evidence that the complete disruption of all NOSs results in LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in mice in vivo through the AT(1) receptor pathway, demonstrating a pivotal role of the endogenous NOS system in maintaining cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Shibata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu, Japan
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Itoh H, Toyohira Y, Ueno S, Saeki S, Zhang H, Furuno Y, Takahashi K, Tsutsui M, Hachisuka K, Yanagihara N. Upregulation of norepinephrine transporter function by prolonged exposure to nicotine in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 382:235-43. [PMID: 20676884 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the adrenal medulla and brain, thereby stimulating the release of monoamines such as norepinephrine (NE). In the present study, we examined the effects of prolonged exposure to nicotine on NE transporter (NET) activity in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Treatment of adrenal medullary cells with nicotine increased [(3)H]NE uptake in both a time- (1-5 days) and concentration-dependent (0.1-10 muM) manner. Kinetic analysis showed that nicotine induced an increase in the V (max) of [(3)H]NE uptake with little change in K (m). This increase in NET activity was blocked by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of ribosomal protein synthesis, but not by actinomycin D, a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. [(3)H]NE uptake induced by nicotine was strongly inhibited by hexamethonium and mecamylamine but not by alpha-bungarotoxin, and was abolished by elimination of Ca(2+) from the culture medium. KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, attenuated not only nicotine-induced [(3)H]NE uptake but also (45)Ca(2+) influx in the cells. The present findings suggest that long-term exposure to nicotine increases NET activity through a Ca(2+)-dependent post-transcriptional process in the adrenal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Zhao FR, Mao HP, Zhang H, Hu LM, Wang H, Wang YF, Yanagihara N, Gao XM. Antagonistic effects of two herbs in Zuojin Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal medullary cells. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:659-668. [PMID: 20153155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to research the target of superior efficacy and lesser side effects, combination of herbal materials has been applied to phytotherapy for thousands of years in China and some other countries. Zuojin Wan (ZJW), a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used in treating gastric diseases in China. It is composed of two herbs, Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) and Fructus Evodiae (FE) in the ratio of 6: 1(w/w). In the present study, we examined the effects of ZJW, RC, FE and active components isolated from these herbs on catecholamine (CA) secretion and intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Extracts of ZJW and RC and berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine, components of RC, all inhibited CA secretion and rise in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by acetylcholine (ACh), veratridine (Ver) and/or 56 mM K(+). On the other hand, extract of FE, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, components of FE, stimulated CA secretion and rise in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by ACh. Furthermore, different proportions of RC and FE caused different responses in CA secretion. The present findings suggest that two herbs in ZJW have opposite effects, i.e., inhibitory effect of RC and stimulatory effect of FE, on CA secretion induced by acetylcholine in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-R Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Zhang H, Toyohira Y, Ueno S, Shinohara Y, Itoh H, Furuno Y, Yamakuni T, Tsutsui M, Takahashi K, Yanagihara N. Dual effects of nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxy flavone, on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1030-8. [PMID: 20533991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin, a compound of polymethoxy flavones found in citrus fruits, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities. Here we report the effects of nobiletin on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Nobiletin (1.0-100 microM) concentration-dependently stimulated catecholamine secretion and (45)Ca(2+) influx. Its stimulatory effect of nobiletin on catecholamine secretion was abolished by deprivation of extracellular Ca(2+) and partially inhibited by specific inhibitors of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers. On the other hand, nobiletin suppressed catecholamine secretion and (22)Na(+) and (45)Ca(2+) influx induced by acetylcholine, an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, in a concentration-dependent manner. It also inhibited catecholamine secretion, (22)Na(+) influx and/or (45)Ca(2+) influx induced by veratridine, an activator of voltage-dependent Na(+) channels, and 56 mM K(+), an activator of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. In Xenopus oocytes expressing alpha3beta4 neuronal acetylcholine receptors, nobiletin directly inhibited the current evoked by acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner similar to that observed in catecholamine secretion. The present findings suggest that nobiletin, by itself, stimulates catecholamine secretion via activation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels or Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers, whereas it inhibits catecholamine secretion induced by acetylcholine through the suppression of Na(+) influx and Ca(2+) influx in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Toyohira Y, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Itoh H, Sakai N, Saito N, Takahashi K, Yanagihara N. Stimulatory effects of the soy phytoestrogen genistein on noradrenaline transporter and serotonin transporter activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:516-24. [PMID: 20087855 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of genistein, one of the major soy phytoestrogens, on the activity of noradrenaline transporter (NAT) and serotonin transporter. Treatment with genistein (10 nM-10 microM) for 20 min stimulated [(3)H]noradrenaline (NA) uptake by SK-N-SH cells. Genistein also stimulated [(3)H]NA uptake and [(3)H]serotonin uptake by NAT and serotonin transporter transiently transfected COS-7 cells, respectively. Kinetics analysis of the effect of genistein on NAT activity in NAT-transfected COS-7 cells revealed that genistein significantly increased the maximal velocity of NA transport with little or no change in the affinity. Scatchard analysis of [(3)H]nisoxetine binding to NAT-transfected COS-7 cells showed that genistein increased the maximal binding without altering the dissociation constant. Although genistein is also known to be an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, daidzein, another soy phytoestrogen and an inactive genistein analogue against tyrosine kinases, had little effect on [(3)H]NA uptake by SK-N-SH cells. The stimulatory effects on NAT activity were observed by treatment of tyrphostin 25, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, whereas orthovanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, suppressed [(3)H]NA uptake by NAT-transfected COS-7 cells. These findings suggest that genistein up-regulates the activity of neuronal monoamine transporters probably through processes involving protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Yatera Y, Shibata K, Furuno Y, Sabanai K, Morisada N, Nakata S, Morishita T, Toyohira Y, Wang KY, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, Tasaki H, Nakashima Y, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Otsuji Y, Tsutsui M. Severe dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and sudden cardiac death in mice lacking all NO synthases fed a high-fat diet. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 87:675-82. [PMID: 20304785 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The precise role of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system in lipid metabolism remains to be elucidated. We addressed this point in mice that we have recently developed and that lack all three NOS isoforms. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT), singly, doubly, and triply NOS(-/-) mice were fed either a regular or high-cholesterol diet for 3-5 months. The high-cholesterol diet significantly increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in all the genotypes when compared with the regular diet. Importantly, when compared with the WT genotype, the serum LDL cholesterol levels in the high-cholesterol diet were significantly and markedly elevated only in the triply NOS(-/-) genotype, but not in any singly or doubly NOS(-/-) genotypes, and this was associated with remarkable atherosclerosis and sudden cardiac death, which occurred mainly in the 4-5 months after the high-cholesterol diet. Finally, hepatic LDL receptor expression was markedly reduced only in the triply NOS(-/-) genotype, accounting for the diet-induced dyslipidaemia in the genotype. CONCLUSION These results provide the first direct evidence that complete disruption of all NOS genes causes severe dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and sudden cardiac death in response to a high-fat diet in mice in vivo through the down-regulation of the hepatic LDL receptor, demonstrating the critical role of the whole endogenous NOS system in maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Yatera
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Morisada N, Nomura M, Nishii H, Furuno Y, Sakanashi M, Sabanai K, Toyohira Y, Ueno S, Watanabe S, Tamura M, Matsumoto T, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, Shimokawa H, Kusuhara K, Yanagihara N, Shirahata A, Tsutsui M. Complete Disruption of All Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes Causes Markedly Accelerated Renal Lesion Formation Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Mice In Vivo. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 114:379-89. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10143fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Toyohira Y, Yoshimura R, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Nakamura J, Yanagihara N. Opposite effects of milnacipran, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on the levels of nitric oxide and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mouse brain cortex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 380:479-86. [PMID: 19894036 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that changes in the brain levels of nitric oxide (NO) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are implicated in the pathogenesis of major depression. We report here the effects of subchronic treatment of mice with milnacipran, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on the levels of NO and BDNF in mice. In vivo administration of milnacipran (10 mg/kg) for 14 days caused a significant decrease in nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but not in the midbrain. Milnacipran (10 mg/kg, 14 days) also decreased the activity of NO synthase in the cerebral cortex. On the other hand, milnacipran (10 mg/kg, 14 days) increased the levels of BDNF protein and mRNA in the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest that milnacipran has opposite effects on the levels of NO and BDNF in the brain cortex, namely, downregulation of NO and upregulation of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ikenouchi-Sugita
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Sugita K, Kabashima K, Yoshiki R, Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Tsutsui M, Nakamura J, Yanagihara N, Tokura Y. Inducible nitric oxide synthase downmodulates contact hypersensitivity by suppressing dendritic cell migration and survival. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:464-71. [PMID: 19727121 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has several important roles in various physiological settings; one of the NO synthases, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is induced by external stimulation of the skin. A prototypic example of external stimulation is hapten exposure, which induces the T-cell-mediated immune response known as contact hypersensitivity (CHS). We herein report on cutaneous dendritic cell (DC) function in the presence of an iNOS-specific inhibitor during the sensitization phase of CHS. First, we examined epidermal cell (EC) suspensions using flow cytometry with an iNOS antibody and confirmed that iNOS was expressed in the cytoplasm of Langerhans cells (LCs). We then studied the role of iNOS in CHS, and found that responses to DNFB were enhanced by the addition of an iNOS inhibitor during sensitization. Similarly, the iNOS inhibitor augmented FITC-induced migration of cutaneous DCs, including Langerin(+) LCs and Langerin(-) dermal DCs, to draining lymph nodes. Finally, we showed that iNOS inhibitor enhanced LC survival in vitro. We concluded that NO suppresses migration and survival of cutaneous DCs, resulting in a downmodulation of CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Sugita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Mao H, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhao F, Hu L, Yanagihara N, Gao X. Dual effects of lipophilic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 125:59-67. [PMID: 19549564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is a well known traditional Chinese herb, which has been used widely in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of the present study is to clarify the effects of lipophilic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (LESM) on catecholamine (CA) secretion, a traditional Chinese medicine used widely for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS LESM was evaluated for its effects on CA secretion using HPLC-ECD method. The effects of LESM on 22Na+ influx and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were also investigated. RESULTS Our results showed that LEMS directly stimulated basal CA secretion in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. And the stimulation was not affected by combination of hexamethonium (Hex),an inhibitor of nAChR. LESM also directly elevated [Ca2+]i. In addition, using selective blockers of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, such as nitrendipine (for L-type), omega-agatoxin-IVA (for P-type) and -conotoxin-GVIA (for N-type), it was found that nitrendipine suppressed the elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by LESM, but not omega-agatoxin-IVA or omega-conotoxin-GVIA. Compared with acetylcholine (ACh) only, however, combination of LESM with ACh inhibited the raise of CA secretion, 22Na+ influx and [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, LESM also inhibited CA secretion induced by veratridine (Ver), and 56 mM K+ at concentrations similar to those for [Ca2+]i rise. One of the lipophilic active compounds, cryptotanshione (Cryp), also had the same effects on CA secretion with LESM. CONCLUSIONS All these findings suggest that LESM exerts dual effects on CA secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. LESM exerts antagonistic effects on nAChR, voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels, whereas it is an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channel when it used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoping Mao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300-193, China
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Sabanai K, Tsutsui M, Sakai A, Nakamura T, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N. [Biochemical markers of bone turnover. New aspect. Nitric oxide synthase and bone metabolism]. Clin Calcium 2009; 19:1133-1141. [PMID: 19638697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It remains to be determined the role of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system in bone metabolism. We addressed this point in mice with complete disruption of the NOS system (triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice) that we have recently developed, and clarified that the triply NOS( - / - ) mice manifested increased bone mineral density and accelerated bone turnover in vivo. These results provide the first direct evidence that the entire NOS system plays an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sabanai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku Rosai Hospital/Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Enviromental Health
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