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Mayer DP, Neslon ME, Andriyanova D, Filler RB, Ökten A, Antao OQ, Chen JS, Scumpia PO, Weaver WM, Wilen CB, Deshayes S, Weinstein JS. A novel microporous biomaterial vaccine platform for long-lasting antibody mediated immunity against viral infection. J Control Release 2024; 370:570-582. [PMID: 38734312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Current antigen delivery platforms, such as alum and nanoparticles, are not readily tunable, thus may not generate optimal adaptive immune responses. We created an antigen delivery platform by loading lyophilized Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) with aqueous solution containing target antigens. Upon administration of antigen loaded MAP (VaxMAP), the biomaterial reconstitution forms an instant antigen-loaded porous scaffold area with a sustained release profile to maximize humoral immunity. VaxMAP induced CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal center (GC) B cell responses in the lymph nodes similar to Alum. VaxMAP loaded with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein improved the magnitude, neutralization, and duration of anti-receptor binding domain antibodies compared to Alum vaccinated mice. A single injection of Influenza specific HA1-loaded-VaxMAP enhanced neutralizing antibodies and elicited greater protection against influenza virus challenge than HA1-loaded-Alum. Thus, VaxMAP is a platform that can be used to promote adaptive immune cell responses to generate more robust neutralizing antibodies, and better protection upon pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Mayer
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Mariah E Neslon
- Tempo Therapeutics, 3030 Bunker Hill st., suite 104, San Diego, CA 92109, United States of America
| | - Daria Andriyanova
- Tempo Therapeutics, 3030 Bunker Hill st., suite 104, San Diego, CA 92109, United States of America
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Arya Ökten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, West Los Angeles Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Westbrook M Weaver
- Tempo Therapeutics, 3030 Bunker Hill st., suite 104, San Diego, CA 92109, United States of America
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Deshayes
- Tempo Therapeutics, 3030 Bunker Hill st., suite 104, San Diego, CA 92109, United States of America
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America.
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Mayer DP, Neslon ME, Andriyanova D, Antao OQ, Chen JS, Scumpia PO, Weaver WM, Deshayes S, Weinstein JS. A novel microporous biomaterial vaccine platform for long-lasting antibody mediated immunity against viral infection. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.30.578038. [PMID: 38352398 PMCID: PMC10862793 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Current antigen delivery platforms, such as alum and nanoparticles, are not readily tunable, thus may not generate optimal adaptive immune responses. We created an antigen delivery platform by loading lyophilized Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) with aqueous solution containing target antigens. Upon administration of antigen loaded MAP (VaxMAP), the biomaterial reconstitution forms an instant antigen-loaded porous scaffold area with a sustained release profile to maximize humoral immunity. VaxMAP induced CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal center (GC) B cell responses in the lymph nodes similar to Alum. VaxMAP loaded with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein improved the magnitude and duration of anti-receptor binding domain antibodies compared to Alum and mRNA-vaccinated mice. A single injection of Influenza specific HA1-loaded-VaxMAP enhanced neutralizing antibodies and elicited greater protection against influenza virus challenge than HA1-loaded-Alum. Thus, VaxMAP is a platform that can be used to promote adaptive immune cell responses to generate more robust neutralizing antibodies, and better protection upon pathogen challenge.
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Miwa H, Antao OQ, Kelly‐Scumpia KM, Baghdasarian S, Mayer DP, Shang L, Sanchez GM, Archang MM, Scumpia PO, Weinstein JS, Di Carlo D. Improved Humoral Immunity and Protection against Influenza Virus Infection with a 3d Porous Biomaterial Vaccine. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302248. [PMID: 37750461 PMCID: PMC10625058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
New vaccine platforms that activate humoral immunity and generate neutralizing antibodies are required to combat emerging pathogens, including influenza virus. A slurry of antigen-loaded hydrogel microparticles that anneal to form a porous scaffold with high surface area for antigen uptake by infiltrating immune cells as the biomaterial degrades is demonstrated to enhance humoral immunity. Antigen-loaded-microgels elicited a robust cellular humoral immune response, with increased CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and prolonged germinal center (GC) B cells comparable to the commonly used adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide (Alum). Increasing the weight fraction of polymer material led to increased material stiffness and antigen-specific antibody titers superior to Alum. Vaccinating mice with inactivated influenza virus loaded into this more highly cross-linked formulation elicited a strong antibody response and provided protection against a high dose viral challenge. By tuning physical and chemical properties, adjuvanticity can be enhanced leading to humoral immunity and protection against a pathogen, leveraging two different types of antigenic material: individual protein antigen and inactivated virus. The flexibility of the platform may enable design of new vaccines to enhance innate and adaptive immune cell programming to generate and tune high affinity antibodies, a promising approach to generate long-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Miwa
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Olivia Q. Antao
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Kindra M. Kelly‐Scumpia
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Sevana Baghdasarian
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Daniel P. Mayer
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Lily Shang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Gina M. Sanchez
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Maani M. Archang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- MSTP ProgramDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Philip O. Scumpia
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of DermatologyVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA90073USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI)University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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Song W, Antao OQ, Condiff E, Sanchez GM, Chernova I, Zembrzuski K, Steach H, Rubtsova K, Angeletti D, Lemenze A, Laidlaw BJ, Craft J, Weinstein JS. Development of Tbet- and CD11c-expressing B cells in a viral infection requires T follicular helper cells outside of germinal centers. Immunity 2022; 55:290-307.e5. [PMID: 35090581 PMCID: PMC8965751 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tbet+CD11c+ B cells arise during type 1 pathogen challenge, aging, and autoimmunity in mice and humans. Here, we examined the developmental requirements of this B cell subset. In acute infection, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, but not Th1 cells, drove Tbet+CD11c+ B cell generation through proximal delivery of help. Tbet+CD11c+ B cells developed prior to germinal center (GC) formation, exhibiting phenotypic and transcriptional profiles distinct from GC B cells. Fate tracking revealed that most Tbet+CD11c+ B cells developed independently of GC entry and cell-intrinsic Bcl6 expression. Tbet+CD11c+ and GC B cells exhibited minimal repertoire overlap, indicating distinct developmental pathways. As the infection resolved, Tbet+CD11c+ B cells localized to the marginal zone where splenic retention depended on integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4, forming a competitive memory subset that contributed to antibody production and secondary GC seeding upon rechallenge. Therefore, Tbet+CD11c+ B cells comprise a GC-independent memory subset capable of rapid and robust recall responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emily Condiff
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gina M Sanchez
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Irene Chernova
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Krzysztof Zembrzuski
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Holly Steach
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kira Rubtsova
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Dong X, Antao OQ, Song W, Sanchez GM, Zembrzuski K, Koumpouras F, Lemenze A, Craft J, Weinstein JS. Type I Interferon-Activated STAT4 Regulation of Follicular Helper T Cell-Dependent Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Production in Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:478-489. [PMID: 33512094 PMCID: PMC7914134 DOI: 10.1002/art.41532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of STAT4 activation in driving pathogenic follicular helper T (Tfh) cell secretion of the cytokines interleukin-21 (IL-21) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in murine and human lupus. METHODS The effect of STAT4-dependent Tfh cell signaling on cytokine production and autoreactive B cell maturation was assessed temporally during the course of lupus in a murine model, with further assessment of Tfh cell gene transcription performed using RNA-Seq technology. STAT4-dependent signaling and cytokine production were also determined in circulating Tfh-like cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as compared to cells from healthy control subjects, and correlations with disease activity were assessed in the Tfh-like cells from SLE patients. RESULTS IL-21- and IFNγ-coproducing Tfh cells expanded prior to the detection of potentially pathogenic IgG2c autoantibodies in lupus-prone mice. Tfh cells transcriptionally evolved during the course of disease with acquisition of a STAT4-dependent gene signature. Maintenance of Tfh cell cytokine synthesis was dependent upon STAT4 signaling, driven by type I IFNs. Circulating Tfh-like cells from patients with SLE also secreted IL-21 and IFNγ, with STAT4 phosphorylation enhanced by IFNβ, in association with the extent of clinical disease activity. CONCLUSION We identified a role for type I IFN signaling in driving STAT4 activation and production of IL-21 and IFNγ by Tfh cells in murine and human lupus. Enhanced STAT4 activation in Tfh cells may underlie pathogenic B cell responses in both murine and human lupus. These data indicate that STAT4 guides pathogenic cytokine and immunoglobulin production in SLE, demonstrating a potential therapeutic target to modulate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Dong
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Wenzhi Song
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | - Joe Craft
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark
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Swieboda D, Littauer EQ, Beaver JT, Mills LK, Bricker KM, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Williams DT, Skountzou I. Pregnancy Downregulates Plasmablast Metabolic Gene Expression Following Influenza Without Altering Long-Term Antibody Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1785. [PMID: 32922392 PMCID: PMC7457062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the majority of influenza-infected individuals show no or mild symptomatology, pregnant women are at higher risk of complications and infection-associated mortality. Although enhanced lung pathology and dysregulated hormones are thought to underlie adverse pregnancy outcomes following influenza infection, how pregnancy confounds long-term maternal anti-influenza immunity remains to be elucidated. Previously, we linked seasonal influenza infection to clinical observations of adverse pregnancy outcomes, enhanced lung and placental histopathology, and reduced control of viral replication in lungs of infected pregnant mothers. Here, we expand on this work and demonstrate that lower infectious doses of the pandemic A/California/07/2009 influenza virus generated adverse gestational outcomes similar to higher doses of seasonal viruses. Mice infected during pregnancy demonstrated lower hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers than non-pregnant animals until 63 days post infection. These differences in humoral immunity suggest that pregnancy impacts antibody maturation mechanisms without alterations to B cell frequency or antibody secretion. This is further supported by transcriptional analysis of plasmablasts, which demonstrate downregulated B cell metabolism and post-translational modification systems only among pregnant animals. In sum, these findings corroborate a link between adverse pregnancy outcomes and severe pathology observed during pandemic influenza infection. Furthermore, our data propose that pregnancy directly confounds humoral responses following influenza infection which resolves post-partem. Additional studies are required to specify the involvement of plasmablast metabolism with early humoral immunity abnormalities to best guide vaccination strategies and improve our understanding of the immunological consequences of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jacob T Beaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa K Mills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine M Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dahnide T Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Beaver JT, Mills LK, Swieboda D, Lelutiu N, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Scountzou E, Williams DT, Papaioannou N, Littauer EQ, Romanyuk A, Compans RW, Prausnitz MR, Skountzou I. Cutaneous vaccination ameliorates Zika virus-induced neuro-ocular pathology via reduction of anti-ganglioside antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2072-2091. [PMID: 32758106 PMCID: PMC7553697 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1775460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes moderate to severe neuro-ocular sequelae, with symptoms ranging from conjunctivitis to Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Despite the international threat ZIKV poses, no licensed vaccine exists. As ZIKV and DENV are closely related, antibodies against one virus have demonstrated the ability to enhance the other. To examine if vaccination can confer robust, long-term protection against ZIKV, preventing neuro-ocular pathology and long-term inflammation in immune-privileged compartments, BALB/c mice received two doses of unadjuvanted inactivated whole ZIKV vaccine (ZVIP) intramuscularly (IM) or cutaneously with dissolving microneedle patches (MNP). MNP immunization induced significantly higher B and T cell responses compared to IM vaccination, resulting in increased antibody titers with greater avidity for ZPIV as well as increased numbers of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL- and IL-4 secreting T cells. When compared to IM vaccination, antibodies generated by cutaneous vaccination demonstrated greater neutralization activity, increased cross-reactivity with Asian and African lineage ZIKV strains (PRVABC59, FLR, and MR766) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, limited ADE, and lower reactivity to GBS-associated gangliosides. MNP vaccination effectively controlled viremia and inflammation, preventing neuro-ocular pathology. Conversely, IM vaccination exacerbated ocular pathology, resulting in uncontrolled, long-term inflammation. Importantly, neuro-ocular pathology correlated with anti-ganglioside antibodies implicated in demyelination and GBS. This study highlights the importance of longevity studies in ZIKV immunization, and the need of exploring alternative vaccination platforms to improve the quality of vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Beaver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Mills
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward S Esser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Dahnide T Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrey Romanyuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
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Beaver JT, Mills LK, Swieboda D, Lelutiu N, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Scountzou E, Williams DT, Papaioannou N, Littauer EQ, Skountzou I. Zika virus-induced neuro-ocular pathology in immunocompetent mice correlates with anti-ganglioside autoantibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2092-2108. [PMID: 32758108 PMCID: PMC7553712 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1775459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A severe consequence of adult Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), where autoreactive antibodies attack peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS) resulting in neuro-ocular pathology and fatal complications. During virally induced GBS, autoimmune brain demyelination and macular degeneration correlate with low virus neutralization and elevated antibody-mediated infection among Fcγ-R bearing cells. The use of interferon-deficient mice for ZIKV studies limits elucidation of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and long-term pathology (≥120 days), due to high lethality post-infection. Here we used immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which generate robust humoral immune responses, to investigate long-term impacts of ZIKV infection. A high infectious dose (1x106 FFU per mouse) of ZIKV was administered intravenously. Control animals received a single dose of anti-IFNAR blocking monoclonal antibody and succumbed to lethal neurological pathology within 13 days. Immunocompetent mice exhibited motor impairment such as arthralgia, as well as ocular inflammation resulting in retinal vascular damage, and corneal edema. This pathology persisted 100 days after infection with evidence of chronic inflammation in immune-privileged tissues, demyelination in the hippocampus and motor cortex regions of the brain, and retinal/corneal hyperplasia. Anti-inflammatory transcriptional responses were tissue-specific, likely contributing to differential pathology in these organs. Pathology in immunocompetent animals coincided with weakly neutralizing antibodies and increased ADE among ZIKV strains (PRVABC59, FLR, and MR766) and all Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. These antibodies were autoreactive to GBS-associated gangliosides. This study highlights the importance of longevity studies in ZIKV infection and confirms the role of anti-ganglioside antibodies in ZIKV-induced neuro-ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Beaver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Mills
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward S Esser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Dahnide T Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
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Littauer EQ, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Williams DT, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Systemic dysregulation of cellular immune responses to H1N1 infection during pregnancy. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.208.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic demonstrated that pregnant women infected with influenza were at risk for severe respiratory distress and premature-rupture-of-membranes (PROM), leading to high incidence of hospitalization, preterm births and small for gestation age (SGA) neonates. We utilize a syngeneic BALB/c pregnant mouse model which recapitulates clinical phenotypes shown during influenza infection of pregnant women. Pregnant mice sublethally infected (0.5xLD50) with pandemic H1N1 A/California/07/09 showed higher viral titers and delayed viral clearance relative to non-pregnant mice, and increased incidence of stillbirths and SGA offspring. Lymphocytes isolated at days 7 and 14 from lungs and spleens of infected pregnant and non-pregnant female mice were analyzed for H1N1 A/Ca/07/09 specific IL-4 and IFN-γ responses. Pregnancy delayed influenza-specific cytokine secretion at the site of infection, indicating systemic dysregulation of anti-viral responses. Lymphocytes from draining mediastinal lymph nodes, spleens and lungs were used to quantify activation of B cells in germinal centers (GC), maturation into antibody secreting cells and memory B cells, and mucosal homing to lung tissue following infection. Pregnancy decreased maturation of GC+ B cells in the spleen and migration of plasma cells from the spleen to the lungs. Infected pregnant mice generated equivalent serum influenza-specific neutralizing antibody titers and increased IgA antibody secreting cells (ASC) in the lungs 6 weeks post-infection relative to infected non-pregnant mice, indicating a potential role in pregnancy favoring the development of mucosal immunity in response to prolonged viral exposure.
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