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Lê-Bury P, Echenique-Rivera H, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Dussurget O. Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024:fuae013. [PMID: 38734892 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and high healthcare costs worldwide. Bacteremia can trigger fatal sepsis whose prevention, diagnosis and management have been recognized as a global health priority by the World Health Organization. Additionally, infection control is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance, which is the focus of global action plans in the framework of a One Health response. In-depth knowledge of the infection process is needed to develop efficient preventive and therapeutic measures. The pathogenesis of bloodstream infection is a dynamic process resulting from the invasion of the vascular system by bacteria, which finely regulate their metabolic pathways and virulence factors to overcome the blood immune defenses and proliferate. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in the bloodstream and discuss their interactions with the molecular and cellular components of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lê-Bury
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (ImVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hebert Echenique-Rivera
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
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2
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Leseigneur C, Mondange L, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Dussurget O. Staphylococcus aureus NAD kinase is required for envelop and antibiotic stress responses. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105334. [PMID: 38556158 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Global burden of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major public health issues calling for innovative control measures. Bacterial NAD kinase (NADK) is a crucial enzyme for production of NADP(H) and growth. In Staphylococcus aureus, NADK promotes pathogenesis by supporting production of key virulence determinants. Here, we find that knockdown of NADK by CRISPR interference sensitizes S. aureus to osmotic stress and to stresses induced by antibiotics targeting the envelop as well as replication, transcription and translation. Thus, NADK represents a promising target for the development of inhibitors which could be used in combination with current antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Leseigneur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbiology Department, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lou Mondange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbiology Department, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Bacteriology Unit, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbiology Department, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Microbiology Department, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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3
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Lemarignier M, Savin C, Lê-Bury P, Dussurget O, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain SP-1303 from lineage 8, associated with Far East scarlet-like fever. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0083823. [PMID: 37906029 PMCID: PMC10652917 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00838-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain SP-1303, identified as part of lineage 8 and associated with Far East scarlet-like fever. The genome includes the chromosome, the Yersinia-virulence plasmid (pYV) encoding a type III secretion system essential for virulence, the pVM82 plasmid, and two cryptic plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lemarignier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, Ile de France, France
| | - Cyril Savin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, Ile de France, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-140, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Pierre Lê-Bury
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, Ile de France, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, Ile de France, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, Ile de France, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-140, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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4
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Lê-Bury P, Druart K, Savin C, Lechat P, Mas Fiol G, Matondo M, Bécavin C, Dussurget O, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Yersiniomics, a Multi-Omics Interactive Database for Yersinia Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0382622. [PMID: 36847572 PMCID: PMC10100798 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03826-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Yersinia includes a large variety of nonpathogenic and life-threatening pathogenic bacteria, which cause a broad spectrum of diseases in humans and animals, such as plague, enteritis, Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF), and enteric redmouth disease. Like most clinically relevant microorganisms, Yersinia spp. are currently subjected to intense multi-omics investigations whose numbers have increased extensively in recent years, generating massive amounts of data useful for diagnostic and therapeutic developments. The lack of a simple and centralized way to exploit these data led us to design Yersiniomics, a web-based platform allowing straightforward analysis of Yersinia omics data. Yersiniomics contains a curated multi-omics database at its core, gathering 200 genomic, 317 transcriptomic, and 62 proteomic data sets for Yersinia species. It integrates genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic browsers, a genome viewer, and a heatmap viewer to navigate within genomes and experimental conditions. For streamlined access to structural and functional properties, it directly links each gene to GenBank, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), UniProt, InterPro, IntAct, and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and each experiment to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), or the Proteomics Identifications Database (PRIDE). Yersiniomics provides a powerful tool for microbiologists to assist with investigations ranging from specific gene studies to systems biology studies. IMPORTANCE The expanding genus Yersinia is composed of multiple nonpathogenic species and a few pathogenic species, including the deadly etiologic agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. In 2 decades, the number of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies on Yersinia grew massively, delivering a wealth of data. We developed Yersiniomics, an interactive web-based platform, to centralize and analyze omics data sets on Yersinia species. The platform allows user-friendly navigation between genomic data, expression data, and experimental conditions. Yersiniomics will be a valuable tool to microbiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lê-Bury
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Karen Druart
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Proteomic Platform, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Savin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Lechat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, ALPS, Bioinformatic Hub, Paris, France
| | - Guillem Mas Fiol
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS USR2000, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Proteomic Platform, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-140, Paris, France
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Clément DA, Gelin M, Leseigneur C, Huteau V, Mondange L, Pons JL, Dussurget O, Lionne C, Labesse G, Pochet S. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of original cyclic diadenosine derivatives as nanomolar inhibitors of NAD kinase from pathogenic bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114941. [PMID: 36455355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinases (NAD kinases) are essential and ubiquitous enzymes involved in the production of NADP(H) which is an essential cofactor in many metabolic pathways. Targeting NAD kinase (NADK), a rate limiting enzyme of NADP biosynthesis pathway, represents a new promising approach to treat bacterial infections. Previously, we have produced the first NADK inhibitor active against staphylococcal infection. From this linear di-adenosine derivative, namely NKI1, we designed macrocyclic analogues. Here, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of an original series of cyclic diadenosine derivatives as NADK inhibitors of two pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The nature and length of the link between the two adenosine units were examined leading to sub-micromolar inhibitors of NADK1 from L. monocytogenes, including its most potent in vitro inhibitor reported so far (with a 300-fold improvement compared to NKI1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clément
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Clarisse Leseigneur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Huteau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lou Mondange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pons
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lionne
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sylvie Pochet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, F-75015, Paris, France.
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6
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Dussurget O, Ojcius DM. Upward Trend for "Microbes and Infection". Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105057. [PMID: 36195257 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tsoumtsa Meda LL, Landraud L, Petracchini S, Descorps-Declere S, Perthame E, Nahori MA, Ramirez Finn L, Ingersoll MA, Patiño-Navarrete R, Glaser P, Bonnet R, Dussurget O, Denamur E, Mettouchi A, Lemichez E. The cnf1 gene is associated with an expanding Escherichia coli ST131 H30Rx/C2 subclade and confers a competitive advantage for gut colonization. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2121577. [PMID: 36154446 PMCID: PMC9519008 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2121577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological projections point to acquisition of ever-expanding multidrug resistance (MDR) by Escherichia coli, a commensal of the digestive tract and a source of urinary tract pathogens. Bioinformatics analyses of a large collection of E. coli genomes from EnteroBase, enriched in clinical isolates of worldwide origins, suggest the Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1)-toxin encoding gene, cnf1, is preferentially distributed in four common sequence types (ST) encompassing the pandemic E. coli MDR lineage ST131. This lineage is responsible for a majority of extraintestinal infections that escape first-line antibiotic treatment, with known enhanced capacities to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Statistical projections based on this dataset point to a global expansion of cnf1-positive multidrug-resistant ST131 strains from subclade H30Rx/C2, accounting for a rising prevalence of cnf1-positive strains in ST131. Despite the absence of phylogeographical signals, cnf1-positive isolates segregated into clusters in the ST131-H30Rx/C2 phylogeny, sharing a similar profile of virulence factors and the same cnf1 allele. The suggested dominant expansion of cnf1-positive strains in ST131-H30Rx/C2 led us to uncover the competitive advantage conferred by cnf1 for gut colonization to the clinical strain EC131GY ST131-H30Rx/C2 versus cnf1-deleted isogenic strain. Complementation experiments showed that colon tissue invasion was compromised in the absence of deamidase activity on Rho GTPases by CNF1. Hence, gut colonization factor function of cnf1 was confirmed for another clinical strain ST131-H30Rx/C2. In addition, functional analysis of the cnf1-positive clinical strain EC131GY ST131-H30Rx/C2 and a cnf1-deleted isogenic strain showed no detectable impact of the CNF1 gene on bacterial fitness and inflammation during the acute phase of bladder monoinfection. Together these data argue for an absence of role of CNF1 in virulence during UTI, while enhancing gut colonization capacities of ST131-H30Rx/C2 and suggested expansion of cnf1-positive MDR isolates in subclade ST131-H30Rx/C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry L. Tsoumtsa Meda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
| | - Luce Landraud
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1137, IAME, Paris, France,Laboratoire Microbiologie-hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Serena Petracchini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Descorps-Declere
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France,Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Perthame
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
| | - Laura Ramirez Finn
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity group, Paris, France,Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Molly A. Ingersoll
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity group, Paris, France,Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Rafael Patiño-Navarrete
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR INSERM U1071, INRA USC-2018, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1137, IAME, Paris, France,AP-HP, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France,Amel Mettouchi Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, 75015Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France,CONTACT Emmanuel Lemichez
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Leseigneur C, Boucontet L, Duchateau M, Pizarro-Cerda J, Matondo M, Colucci-Guyon E, Dussurget O. NAD kinase promotes Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis by supporting production of virulence factors and protective enzymes. eLife 2022; 11:79941. [PMID: 35723663 PMCID: PMC9208755 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the primary electron donor for reductive reactions that are essential for the biosynthesis of major cell components in all organisms. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of NADP(H) from NAD(H). While the enzymatic properties and physiological functions of NADK have been thoroughly studied, the role of NADK in bacterial pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we used CRISPR interference to knock down NADK gene expression to address the role of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic potential. We find that NADK inhibition drastically decreases mortality of zebrafish infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, we show that NADK promotes S. aureus survival in infected macrophages by protecting bacteria from antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Proteome-wide data analysis revealed that production of major virulence-associated factors is sustained by NADK. We demonstrate that NADK is required for expression of the quorum-sensing response regulator AgrA, which controls critical S. aureus virulence determinants. These findings support a key role for NADK in bacteria survival within innate immune cells and the host during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Leseigneur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Boucontet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS USR2000, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, Plateforme de protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS USR2000, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie, Plateforme de protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Emma Colucci-Guyon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
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9
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Duchesne C, Frescaline N, Blaise O, Lataillade JJ, Banzet S, Dussurget O, Rousseau A. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by Macrophages. mSphere 2021; 6:e0021721. [PMID: 34133202 PMCID: PMC8265637 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00217-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells that are involved in the elimination of microbial pathogens. Following host invasion, macrophages are recruited to the site of infection, where they launch antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Effective microbial clearance by macrophages depends on phagocytosis and phagolysosomal killing mediated by oxidative burst, acidification, and degradative enzymes. However, some pathogenic microorganisms, including some drug-resistant bacteria, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to prevent phagocytosis or escape intracellular degradation. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology with promising bactericidal effects. Here, we investigated the effect of CAP on Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. We demonstrate that CAP treatment increases intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide and promotes the elimination of both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus by RAW 264.7 cells. This effect was inhibited by antioxidants indicating that the bactericidal effect of CAP was mediated by oxidative killing of intracellular bacteria. Furthermore, we show that CAP promotes the association of S. aureus to lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1)-positive phagosomes, in which bacteria are exposed to low pH and cathepsin D hydrolase. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that CAP activates defense mechanisms of macrophages, ultimately leading to bacterial elimination. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Treatment failures are increasingly common due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of resistant strains. Macrophages participate in the first line of immune defense and are critical for coordinated defense against pathogenic bacteria. However, S. aureus has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to escape macrophage killing. In the quest to identify novel antimicrobial therapeutic approaches, we investigated the activity of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on macrophages infected with S. aureus. Here, we show that CAP treatment promotes macrophage ability to eliminate internalized bacteria. Importantly, CAP could trigger killing of both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus. While CAP did not affect the internalization capacity of macrophages, it increased oxidative-dependent bactericidal activity and promoted the formation of degradative phagosomes. Our study shows that CAP has beneficial effects on macrophage defense mechanisms and may potentially be useful in adjuvant antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Duchesne
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nadira Frescaline
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Océane Blaise
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Département de Microbiologie, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
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Impens F, Dussurget O. Three decades of listeriology through the prism of technological advances. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13183. [PMID: 32185895 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decades of breakthroughs resulting from cross feeding of microbiological research and technological innovation have promoted Listeria monocytogenes to the rank of model microorganism to study host-pathogen interactions. The extraordinary capacity of this bacterium to interfere with a vast array of host cellular processes uncovered new concepts in microbiology, cell biology and infection biology. Here, we review technological advances that revealed how bacteria and host interact in space and time at the molecular, cellular, tissue and whole body scales, ultimately revolutionising our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis. With the current bloom of multidisciplinary integrative approaches, Listeria entered a new microbiology era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Impens
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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11
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Leseigneur C, Lê-Bury P, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Dussurget O. Emerging Evasion Mechanisms of Macrophage Defenses by Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:577559. [PMID: 33102257 PMCID: PMC7545029 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.577559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages participate to the first line of defense against infectious agents. Microbial pathogens evolved sophisticated mechanisms to escape macrophage killing. Here, we review recent discoveries and emerging concepts on bacterial molecular strategies to subvert macrophage immune responses. We focus on the expanding number of fascinating subversive tools developed by Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Yersinia spp., illustrating diversity and commonality in mechanisms used by microorganisms with different pathogenic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Leseigneur
- Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Lê-Bury
- Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,National Reference Laboratory Plague & Other Yersiniosis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,WHO Collaborative Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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12
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Gelin M, Paoletti J, Nahori MA, Huteau V, Leseigneur C, Jouvion G, Dugué L, Clément D, Pons JL, Assairi L, Pochet S, Labesse G, Dussurget O. From Substrate to Fragments to Inhibitor Active In Vivo against Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:422-435. [PMID: 32017533 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide threat due to the decreasing supply of new antimicrobials. Novel targets and innovative strategies are urgently needed to generate pathbreaking drug compounds. NAD kinase (NADK) is essential for growth in most bacteria, as it supports critical metabolic pathways. Here, we report the discovery of a new class of antibacterials that targets bacterial NADK. We generated a series of small synthetic adenine derivatives to screen those harboring promising substituents in order to guide efficient fragment linking. This led to NKI1, a new lead compound inhibiting NADK that showed in vitro bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In a murine model of infection, NKI1 restricted survival of the bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Collectively, these findings identify bacterial NADK as a potential drug target and NKI1 as a lead compound in the treatment of staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Gelin
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, Université Montpellier, 29 route de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Paoletti
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Huteau
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Clarisse Leseigneur
- Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Unité de Neuropathologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S933, Unité de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, 26 Avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dugué
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Clément
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pons
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, Université Montpellier, 29 route de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Liliane Assairi
- INSERM U759, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Pochet
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, Université Montpellier, 29 route de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
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13
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Rolhion N, Chassaing B, Nahori MA, de Bodt J, Moura A, Lecuit M, Dussurget O, Bérard M, Marzorati M, Fehlner-Peach H, Littman DR, Gewirtz AT, Van de Wiele T, Cossart P. A Listeria monocytogenes Bacteriocin Can Target the Commensal Prevotella copri and Modulate Intestinal Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 26:691-701.e5. [PMID: 31726031 PMCID: PMC6854461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of the microbiota components in either preventing or favoring enteric infections is critical. Here, we report the discovery of a Listeria bacteriocin, Lmo2776, which limits Listeria intestinal colonization. Oral infection of conventional mice with a Δlmo2776 mutant leads to a thinner intestinal mucus layer and higher Listeria loads both in the intestinal content and deeper tissues compared to WT Listeria. This latter difference is microbiota dependent, as it is not observed in germ-free mice. Strikingly, it is phenocopied by pre-colonization of germ-free mice before Listeria infection with Prevotella copri, an abundant gut-commensal bacteria, but not with the other commensals tested. We further show that Lmo2776 targets P. copri and reduces its abundance. Together, these data unveil a role for P.copri in exacerbating intestinal infection, highlighting that pathogens such as Listeria may selectively deplete microbiota bacterial species to avoid excessive inflammation. L. monocytogenes secretes a bacteriocin (Lmo2776) homologous to the lactococcin 972 Lmo2776 controls Listeria intestinal colonization in a microbiota-dependent manner Lmo2776 targets the abundant gut commensal Prevotella copri Presence of P. copri exacerbates infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rolhion
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neurosciences Institute, Georgia State University (GSU), Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, GSU, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jana de Bodt
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des Infections, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U1117, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des Infections, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U1117, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marion Bérard
- Animalerie Centrale, Department of Technology and Scientific Programmes, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Fehlner-Peach
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, GSU, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015 Paris, France.
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14
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Zhang Y, Thery F, Wu NC, Luhmann EK, Dussurget O, Foecke M, Bredow C, Jiménez-Fernández D, Leandro K, Beling A, Knobeloch KP, Impens F, Cossart P, Radoshevich L. The in vivo ISGylome links ISG15 to metabolic pathways and autophagy upon Listeria monocytogenes infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5383. [PMID: 31772204 PMCID: PMC6879477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity. Here, we map the endogenous in vivo ISGylome in the liver following Listeria monocytogenes infection by combining murine models of reduced or enhanced ISGylation with quantitative proteomics. Our method identifies 930 ISG15 sites in 434 proteins and also detects changes in the host ubiquitylome. The ISGylated targets are enriched in proteins which alter cellular metabolic processes, including upstream modulators of the catabolic and antibacterial pathway of autophagy. Computational analysis of substrate structures reveals that a number of ISG15 modifications occur at catalytic sites or dimerization interfaces of enzymes. Finally, we demonstrate that animals and cells with enhanced ISGylation have increased basal and infection-induced autophagy through the modification of mTOR, WIPI2, AMBRA1, and RAB7. Taken together, these findings ascribe a role of ISGylation to temporally reprogram organismal metabolism following infection through direct modification of a subset of enzymes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Fabien Thery
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Gent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Emma K Luhmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, 75015, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, 75015, Paris, France
- National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mariko Foecke
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, 75015, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, 75015, Paris, France
- National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Clara Bredow
- Charité-Universitäts medizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Leandro
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Gent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Antje Beling
- Charité-Universitäts medizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francis Impens
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Gent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, 75015, Paris, France.
- Inserm, U604, 75015, Paris, France.
- National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Unité sous-contrat 2020, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Lilliana Radoshevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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15
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Demeure C, Dussurget O, Fiol GM, Le Guern AS, Savin C, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Yersinia pestis and plague: an updated view on evolution, virulence determinants, immune subversion, vaccination and diagnostics. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:202-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Quereda JJ, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Meza-Torres J, Gómez-Laguna J, Nahori MA, Dussurget O, Carrasco L, Cossart P, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Reassessing the role of internalin B in Listeria monocytogenes virulence using the epidemic strain F2365. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:252.e1-252.e4. [PMID: 30195066 PMCID: PMC6365677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution to virulence of the surface protein internalin B (InlB) in the Listeria monocytogenes lineage I strain F2365, which caused a deadly listeriosis outbreak in California in 1985. METHODS The F2365 strain displays a point mutation that hampers expression of InlB. We rescued the expression of InlB in the L. monocytogenes lineage I strain F2365 by introducing a point mutation in the codon 34 (TAA to CAA). We investigated its importance for bacterial virulence using in vitro cell infection systems and a murine intravenous infection model. RESULTS In HeLa and JEG-3 cells, the F2365 InlB+ strain expressing InlB was ≈9-fold and ≈1.5-fold more invasive than F2365, respectively. In livers and spleens of infected mice at 72 hours after infection, bacterial counts for F2365 InlB+ were significantly higher compared to the F2365 strain (≈1 log more), and histopathologic assessment showed that the F2365 strain displayed a reduced number of necrotic foci compared to the F2365 InlB+ strain (Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS InlB plays a critical role during infection of nonpregnant animals by a L. monocytogenes strain from lineage I. A spontaneous mutation in InlB could have prevented more severe human morbidity and mortality during the 1985 California listeriosis outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Quereda
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France; Grupo fisiopatología de la Reproducción, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
| | - I M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, University of Cordoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3,', Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Meza-Torres
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - J Gómez-Laguna
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, University of Cordoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3,', Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - O Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France
| | - L Carrasco
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, University of Cordoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3,', Córdoba, Spain
| | - P Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - J Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France; Centre National de Référence 'Peste et autres Yersinioses', Paris, France; Centre Collaborateur OMS de Référence et Recherche 'Yersinioses,', Paris, France.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bahia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Abbhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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18
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Cerutti F, Mallet L, Painset A, Hoede C, Moisan A, Bécavin C, Duval M, Dussurget O, Cossart P, Gaspin C, Chiapello H. Unraveling the evolution and coevolution of small regulatory RNAs and coding genes in Listeria. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:882. [PMID: 29145803 PMCID: PMC5689173 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are widely found in bacteria and play key roles in many important physiological and adaptation processes. Studying their evolution and screening for events of coevolution with other genomic features is a powerful way to better understand their origin and assess a common functional or adaptive relationship between them. However, evolution and coevolution of sRNAs with coding genes have been sparsely investigated in bacterial pathogens. RESULTS We designed a robust and generic phylogenomics approach that detects correlated evolution between sRNAs and protein-coding genes using their observed and inferred patterns of presence-absence in a set of annotated genomes. We applied this approach on 79 complete genomes of the Listeria genus and identified fifty-two accessory sRNAs, of which most were present in the Listeria common ancestor and lost during Listeria evolution. We detected significant coevolution between 23 sRNA and 52 coding genes and inferred the Listeria sRNA-coding genes coevolution network. We characterized a main hub of 12 sRNAs that coevolved with genes encoding cell wall proteins and virulence factors. Among them, an sRNA specific to L. monocytogenes species, rli133, coevolved with genes involved either in pathogenicity or in interaction with host cells, possibly acting as a direct negative post-transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our approach allowed the identification of candidate sRNAs potentially involved in pathogenicity and host interaction, consistent with recent findings on known pathogenicity actors. We highlight four sRNAs coevolving with seven internalin genes, some of which being important virulence factors in Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Cerutti
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ludovic Mallet
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Anaïs Painset
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Present address: Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, England
| | - Claire Hoede
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Annick Moisan
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Bécavin
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U604,F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mélodie Duval
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U604,F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U604,F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U604,F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Christine Gaspin
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Chiapello
- Université de Toulouse, INRA, UR 875 Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Prokop A, Gouin E, Villiers V, Nahori MA, Vincentelli R, Duval M, Cossart P, Dussurget O. OrfX, a Nucleomodulin Required for Listeria monocytogenes Virulence. mBio 2017; 8:e01550-17. [PMID: 29089430 PMCID: PMC5666158 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01550-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen causing severe foodborne infections in humans and animals. Listeria can enter into host cells and survive and multiply therein, due to an arsenal of virulence determinants encoded in different loci on the chromosome. Several key Listeria virulence genes are clustered in Listeria pathogenicity island 1. This important locus also contains orfX (lmo0206), a gene of unknown function. Here, we found that OrfX is a small, secreted protein whose expression is positively regulated by PrfA, the major transcriptional activator of Listeria virulence genes. We provide evidence that OrfX is a virulence factor that dampens the oxidative response of infected macrophages, which contributes to intracellular survival of bacteria. OrfX is targeted to the nucleus and interacts with the regulatory protein RybP. We show that in macrophages, the expression of OrfX decreases the level of RybP, which controls cellular infection. Collectively, these data reveal that Listeria targets RybP and evades macrophage oxidative stress for efficient infection. Altogether, OrfX is after LntA, the second virulence factor acting directly in the nucleus.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is a model bacterium that has been successfully used over the last 30 years to refine our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. The major virulence factors of pathogenic Listeria species are located on a single chromosomal locus. Here, we report that the last gene of this locus encodes a small secreted nucleomodulin, OrfX, that is required for bacterial survival within macrophages and in the infected host. This work demonstrates that the production of OrfX contributes to limiting the host innate immune response by dampening the oxidative response of macrophages. We also identify a target of OrfX, RybP, which is an essential pleiotropic regulatory protein of the cell, and uncover its role in host defense. Our data reinforce the view that the secretion of nucleomodulins is an important strategy used by microbial pathogens to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Prokop
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Edith Gouin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Villiers
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | | | - Mélodie Duval
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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20
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Paoletti J, Assairi L, Gelin M, Huteau V, Nahori MA, Dussurget O, Labesse G, Pochet S. 8-Thioalkyl-adenosine derivatives inhibit Listeria monocytogenes NAD kinase through a novel binding mode. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1041-1056. [PMID: 27783975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics necessitates the search for novel targets to develop potent antimicrobials. Biosynthetic pathways of several cofactors important for bacterial growth, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), have been proposed as a promising source of antibiotic targets. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinases (NADK; EC 2.7.1.23) are attractive for inhibitor development, since they catalyze the phosphorylation of NAD to NADP, which is an essential step of NADP metabolism. We previously synthesized diadenosine derivatives that inhibited NADK from two human pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, in the micromolar range. They behave as NAD mimics with the 5',5'-diphosphate group substituted by a 8,5' thioglycolic bridge. In an attempt to improve inhibitory potency, we designed new NAD mimics based on a single adenosine moiety harboring a larger derivatization attached to the C8 position and a small group at the 5' position. Here we report the synthesis of a series of 8-thioalkyl-adenosine derivatives containing various aryl and heteroaryl moieties and their evaluation as inhibitors of L. monocytogenes NADK1, S. aureus NADK and their human counterpart. Novel, sub-micromolar inhibitors of LmNADK1 were identified. Surprisingly, most LmNADK1 inhibitors demonstrated a high selectivity index against the close staphylococcal ortholog and the human NADK. Structural characterization of enzyme-inhibitor complexes revealed the original binding mode of these novel NAD mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Paoletti
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France; CNRS, UMR3523, Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Gelin
- CNRS, UMR5048, Université Montpellier, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29, route de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Huteau
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France; CNRS, UMR3523, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; INSERM, U604, Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; INSERM, U604, Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- CNRS, UMR5048, Université Montpellier, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29, route de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Pochet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France; CNRS, UMR3523, Paris, France.
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21
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Abstract
Cytosolic sensing of pathogens is essential to a productive immune response. Recent reports have emphasized the importance of signaling platforms emanating from organelles and cytosolic sensors, particularly during the response to intracellular pathogens. Here, we highlight recent discoveries identifying the key mediators of nucleic acid and cyclic nucleotide sensing and discuss their importance in host defense. This review will also cover strategies evolved by pathogens to manipulate these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana Radoshevich
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020Paris, France; Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
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22
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Radoshevich L, Impens F, Ribet D, Quereda JJ, Nam Tham T, Nahori MA, Bierne H, Dussurget O, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Knobeloch KP, Cossart P. ISG15 counteracts Listeria monocytogenes infection. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26259872 PMCID: PMC4530601 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, linear di-ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral activity. The role of ISG15 during bacterial infection remains elusive. We show that ISG15 expression in nonphagocytic cells is dramatically induced upon Listeria infection. Surprisingly this induction can be type I interferon independent and depends on the cytosolic surveillance pathway, which senses bacterial DNA and signals through STING, TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7. Most importantly, we observed that ISG15 expression restricts Listeria infection in vitro and in vivo. We made use of stable isotope labeling in tissue culture (SILAC) to identify ISGylated proteins that could be responsible for the protective effect. Strikingly, infection or overexpression of ISG15 leads to ISGylation of ER and Golgi proteins, which correlates with increased secretion of cytokines known to counteract infection. Together, our data reveal a previously uncharacterized ISG15-dependent restriction of Listeria infection, reinforcing the view that ISG15 is a key component of the innate immune response. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06848.001 Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause serious food poisoning in humans. Infections with this bacterium can be particularly dangerous to young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems because they are more susceptible to developing serious complications that can sometimes lead to death. The bacteria infect cells in the lining of the human gut. Cells that detect the bacteria respond by producing proteins called interferons and other signaling proteins that activate the body's immune system to fight the infection. One of the genes that the interferons activate encodes a protein called ISG15, which helps to defend the body against viruses. However, it is not clear what role ISG15 plays in fighting bacterial infections. Here, Radoshevich et al. studied the role of ISG15 in human cells exposed to L. monocytogenes. The experiments show that ISG15 levels increase in the cells, but that the initial increase does not depend on Interferon proteins. Instead, ISG15 production is triggered by an alternative pathway called the cytosolic surveillance pathway, which is activated by the presence of bacterial DNA inside the cell. Further experiments found that ISG15 can counteract the infections of L. monocytogenes both in cells grown in cultures and in living mice. ISG15 modifies other proteins in the cell to promote the release of proteins called cytokines that help the body to eliminate the bacteria. Radoshevich et al.'s findings reveal a new role for ISG15 in fighting bacterial infections. A future challenge will be to understand the molecular details of how ISG15 triggers the release of cytokines. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06848.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Bierne
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1319, Micalis, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Molecular Genetics Group, Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Dussurget O, Bierne H, Cossart P. The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and the interferon family: type I, type II and type III interferons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:50. [PMID: 24809023 PMCID: PMC4009421 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are secreted proteins of the cytokine family that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Although the importance of IFNs in the antiviral response has long been appreciated, their role in bacterial infections is more complex and is currently a major focus of investigation. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of these cytokines in host defense against the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and highlights recent discoveries on the molecular mechanisms evolved by this intracellular bacterium to subvert IFN responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Inserm, U604Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020Paris, France
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Inserm, U604Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Inserm, U604Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020Paris, France
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24
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Pontiroli F, Dussurget O, Zanoni I, Urbano M, Beretta O, Granucci F, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Cossart P, Foti M. The timing of IFNβ production affects early innate responses to Listeria monocytogenes and determines the overall outcome of lethal infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43455. [PMID: 22912878 PMCID: PMC3422257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the innate immunity and play a crucial role in the first phase of host defense against infections and tumors. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an intracellular pathogen that colonizes the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Recent findings have shown Lm specifically in splenic CD8a+ DCs shortly after intravenous infection. We examined gene expression profiles of mouse DCs exposed to Lm to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DCs interaction with Lm. Using a functional genomics approach, we found that Lm infection induced a cluster of late response genes including type I IFNs and interferon responsive genes (IRGs) in DCs. Type I INFs were produced at the maximal level only at 24 h post infection indicating that the regulation of IFNs in the context of Lm infection is delayed compared to the rapid response observed with viral pathogens. We showed that during Lm infection, IFNγ production and cytotoxic activity were severely impaired in NK cells compared to E. coli infection. These defects were restored by providing an exogenous source of IFNβ during the initial phase of bacterial challenge. Moreover, when treated with IFNβ during early infection, NK cells were able to reduce bacterial titer in the spleen and significantly improve survival of infected mice. These findings show that the timing of IFNβ production is fundamental to the efficient control of the bacterium during the early innate phase of Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pontiroli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Urbano
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Beretta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Genopolis Consortium, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Maria Foti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Genopolis Consortium, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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25
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Gelin M, Poncet-Montange G, Assairi L, Morellato L, Huteau V, Dugué L, Dussurget O, Pochet S, Labesse G. Screening and in situ synthesis using crystals of a NAD kinase lead to a potent antistaphylococcal compound. Structure 2012; 20:1107-17. [PMID: 22608967 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Making new ligands for a given protein by in situ ligation of building blocks (or fragments) is an attractive method. However, it suffers from inherent limitations, such as the limited number of available chemical reactions and the low information content of usual chemical library deconvolution. Here, we describe a focused screening of adenosine derivatives using X-ray crystallography. We discovered an unexpected and biocompatible chemical reactivity and have simultaneously identified the mode of binding of the resulting products. We observed that the NAD kinase from Listeria monocytogenes (LmNADK1) can promote amide formation between 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine and carboxylic acid groups. This unexpected reactivity allowed us to bridge in situ two adenosine derivatives to fully occupy the active NAD site. This guided the design of a close analog showing micromolar inhibition of two human pathogenic NAD kinases and potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Gelin
- Atelier de Bio- et Chimie Informatique Structurale, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, UMR5048, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, F-34090 Montpellier, France
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26
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Aubry C, Goulard C, Nahori MA, Cayet N, Decalf J, Sachse M, Boneca IG, Cossart P, Dussurget O. OatA, a peptidoglycan O-acetyltransferase involved in Listeria monocytogenes immune escape, is critical for virulence. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:731-40. [PMID: 21844299 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to overcome immune responses and successfully infect their host. Here, we studied how Listeria monocytogenes evades immune detection by peptidoglycan (PGN) modification. By analyzing L. monocytogenes muropeptides, we detected O-acetylated muramic acid residues. We identified an O-acetyltransferase gene, oatA, in the L. monocytogenes genome sequence. Comparison of PGN from parental and isogenic oatA mutant strains showed that the O-acetyltransferase OatA O-acetylates Listeria PGN. We also found that PGN O-acetylation confers resistance to different types of antimicrobial compounds targeting bacterial cell wall such as lysozyme, β-lactam antibiotics, and bacteriocins and that O-acetylation is required for Listeria growth in macrophages. Moreover, oatA mutant virulence is drastically affected in mice following intravenous or oral inoculation. In addition, the oatA mutant induced early secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo. These results suggest an important role for OatA in limiting innate immune responses and promoting bacterial survival in the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Aubry
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
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27
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Dortet L, Mostowy S, Louaka AS, Gouin E, Nahori MA, Wiemer EA, Dussurget O, Cossart P. Recruitment of the major vault protein by InlK: a Listeria monocytogenes strategy to avoid autophagy. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002168. [PMID: 21829365 PMCID: PMC3150275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for listeriosis. It is able to invade, survive and replicate in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. The infectious process at the cellular level has been extensively studied and many virulence factors have been identified. Yet, the role of InlK, a member of the internalin family specific to L. monocytogenes, remains unknown. Here, we first show using deletion analysis and in vivo infection, that InlK is a bona fide virulence factor, poorly expressed in vitro and well expressed in vivo, and that it is anchored to the bacterial surface by sortase A. We then demonstrate by a yeast two hybrid screen using InlK as a bait, validated by pulldown experiments and immunofluorescence analysis that intracytosolic bacteria via an interaction with the protein InlK interact with the Major Vault Protein (MVP), the main component of cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteic particules named vaults. Although vaults have been implicated in several cellular processes, their role has remained elusive. Our analysis demonstrates that MVP recruitment disguises intracytosolic bacteria from autophagic recognition, leading to an increased survival rate of InlK over-expressing bacteria compared to InlK(-) bacteria. Together these results reveal that MVP is hijacked by L. monocytogenes in order to counteract the autophagy process, a finding that could have major implications in deciphering the cellular role of vault particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dortet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
| | - Ascel Samba Louaka
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
| | - Edith Gouin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
| | - Erik A.C. Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC 2020, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Reynders A, Yessaad N, Vu Manh TP, Dalod M, Fenis A, Aubry C, Nikitas G, Escalière B, Renauld JC, Dussurget O, Cossart P, Lecuit M, Vivier E, Tomasello E. Identity, regulation and in vivo function of gut NKp46+RORγt+ and NKp46+RORγt- lymphoid cells. EMBO J 2011; 30:2934-47. [PMID: 21685873 PMCID: PMC3160256 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a major barrier against microbes and encloses various innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including two subsets expressing the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46. A subset of NKp46(+) cells expresses retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and produces IL-22, like lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Other NKp46(+) cells lack RORγt and produce IFN-γ, like conventional Natural Killer (cNK) cells. The identity, the regulation and the in vivo functions of gut NKp46(+) ILCs largely remain to be unravelled. Using pan-genomic profiling, we showed here that small intestine (SI) NKp46(+)RORγt(-) ILCs correspond to SI NK cells. Conversely, we identified a transcriptional programme conserved in fetal LTi cells and adult SI NKp46(+)RORγt(+) and NKp46(-)RORγt(+) ILCs. We also demonstrated that the IL-1β/IL-1R1/MyD88 pathway, but not the commensal flora, drove IL-22 production by NKp46(+)RORγt(+) ILCs. Finally, oral Listeria monocytogenes infection induced IFN-γ production in SI NK and IL-22 production in NKp46(+)RORγt(+) ILCs, but only IFN-γ contributed to control bacteria dissemination. NKp46(+) ILC heterogeneity is thus associated with subset-specific transcriptional programmes and effector functions that govern their implication in gut innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reynders
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Yessaad
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Fenis
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Aubry
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cellular Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Georgios Nikitas
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- Microbes and Host Barriers Group, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Escalière
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Experimental Medicine Unit, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cellular Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cellular Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- Microbes and Host Barriers Group, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Mediterannée, Campus du Luminy, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6102, Marseille, France
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Loh E, Dussurget O, Gripenland J, Vaitkevicius K, Tiensuu T, Mandin P, Repoila F, Buchrieser C, Cossart P, Johansson J. A trans-acting riboswitch controls expression of the virulence regulator PrfA in Listeria monocytogenes. Cell 2009; 139:770-9. [PMID: 19914169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA elements acting in cis, controlling expression of their downstream genes through a metabolite-induced alteration of their secondary structure. Here, we demonstrate that two S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) riboswitches, SreA and SreB, can also function in trans and act as noncoding RNAs in Listeria monocytogenes. SreA and SreB control expression of the virulence regulator PrfA by binding to the 5'-untranslated region of its mRNA. Absence of the SAM riboswitches SreA and SreB increases the level of PrfA and virulence gene expression in L. monocytogenes. Thus, the impact of the SAM riboswitches on PrfA expression highlights a link between bacterial virulence and nutrient availability. Together, our results uncover an unexpected role for riboswitches and a distinct class of regulatory noncoding RNAs in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Loh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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30
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Fedhila S, Buisson C, Dussurget O, Serror P, Glomski IJ, Liehl P, Lereclus D, Nielsen-LeRoux C. Comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model Galleria mellonella. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 103:24-9. [PMID: 19800349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection of Galleria mellonella by feeding a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis spores or vegetative bacteria in association with the toxin Cry1C results in high levels of larval mortality. Under these conditions the toxin or bacteria have minimal effects on the larva when inoculated separately. In order to evaluate whether G. mellonella can function as an oral infection model for human and entomo-bacterial pathogens, we tested strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Drosophila targeting Pseudomonas entomophila strain. Six B. cereus strains (5 diarrheal, 1 environmental isolate) were first screened in 2nd instar G. mellonella larvae by free ingestion and four of them were analyzed by force-feeding 5th instar larvae. The virulence of these B. cereus strains did not differ from the B. thuringiensis virulent reference strain 407Cry(-) with the exception of strain D19 (NVH391/98) that showed a lower virulence. Following force-feeding, 5th instar G. mellonella larvae survived infection with B. anthracis, L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa strains in contrast to the P. entomophila strain which led to high mortality even without Cry1C toxin co-ingestion. Thus, specific virulence factors adapted to the insect intestine might exist in B. thuringiensis/B. cereus and P. entomophila. This suggests a co-evolution between host and pathogens and supports the close links between B. thuringiensis and B. cereus and more distant links to their relative B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fedhila
- Unité Protéomie Fonctionnelle et Biopréservation Alimentaire, Institut Supérieur des Sciences, Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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31
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Disson O, Nikitas G, Grayo S, Dussurget O, Cossart P, Lecuit M. Modeling human listeriosis in natural and genetically engineered animals. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:799-810. [PMID: 19444238 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a human foodborne infection leading to gastroenteritis, meningoencephalitis and maternofetal infections. InlA and InlB, two L. monocytogenes surface proteins, interact with their respective receptors E-cadherin and Met and mediate bacterial entry into human cultured cells. Here, we present protocols for studying listeriosis in three complementary animal models: (i) the human E-cadherin (hEcad) transgenic mouse line; (ii) the knock-in E16P mouse line; and (iii) the gerbil, in which both InlA-E-cadherin and InlB-Met species-specific interactions occur as in humans. Two routes of infection are described: oral inoculation, the natural route for infection; and intravenous inoculation that bypasses the intestinal barrier. We describe how to monitor L. monocytogenes infection, both qualitatively by imaging techniques and quantitatively by bacterial enumeration. The advantage of these methods over the classical intravenous inoculation of L. monocytogenes in wild-type mice (in which the InlA-E-cadherin interaction does not occur) is that it allows the pathophysiology of listeriosis to be studied in animal models relevant to humans, as they are permissive to the interactions that are thought to mediate L. monocytogenes crossing of human host barriers. The whole procedure (inoculation, in vivo imaging, bacterial enumeration, histopathology) takes one full week to complete, including 3 d of actual experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Microbes and Host Barriers, Paris, France
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32
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Tresse O, Lebret V, Garmyn D, Dussurget O. The impact of growth history and flagellation on the adhesion of various Listeria monocytogenes strains to polystyrene. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:189-96. [PMID: 19295651 DOI: 10.1139/w08-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of growth history and flagella to adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes was analysed. An in-frame deletion on the flagellin encoding gene (flaA) was performed in L. monocytogenes EGD-e to compare its adhesion ability with the parental strain, after cultivation at various pH values and temperatures. The pH, as well as the temperature, affected the adhesion of L. monocytogenes EGD-e. In addition, the adhesion of L. monocytogenes EGD-e was reduced in energy-depressed cells. Conversely, the physicochemical bacterial surface characteristics affected by growth history did not influence the adhesion. Adhesion variations observed among environmental and clinical strains was attributed to the flagella. The naturally aflagellated strains resulted in an adhesion capacity similar to that observed for mutants and parental strains cultivated under flagellum expression repressing conditions. However, L. monocytogenes is able to adhere to inert surfaces through a residual adhesion process without flagella. All these observations emphasize the importance to consider the food environmental factors in the risk assessment of L. monocytogenes in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Tresse
- Ecole Veterinaire de Nantes, Route de Gachet, F-44307-Nantes CEDEX 3, France.
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33
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Toledo-Arana A, Dussurget O, Nikitas G, Sesto N, Guet-Revillet H, Balestrino D, Loh E, Gripenland J, Tiensuu T, Vaitkevicius K, Barthelemy M, Vergassola M, Nahori MA, Soubigou G, Régnault B, Coppée JY, Lecuit M, Johansson J, Cossart P. The Listeria transcriptional landscape from saprophytism to virulence. Nature 2009; 459:950-6. [PMID: 19448609 DOI: 10.1038/nature08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and can lead to severe food-borne infections. It has recently emerged as a multifaceted model in pathogenesis. However, how this bacterium switches from a saprophyte to a pathogen is largely unknown. Here, using tiling arrays and RNAs from wild-type and mutant bacteria grown in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, we have analysed the transcription of its entire genome. We provide the complete Listeria operon map and have uncovered far more diverse types of RNAs than expected: in addition to 50 small RNAs (<500 nucleotides), at least two of which are involved in virulence in mice, we have identified antisense RNAs covering several open-reading frames and long overlapping 5' and 3' untranslated regions. We discovered that riboswitches can act as terminators for upstream genes. When Listeria reaches the host intestinal lumen, an extensive transcriptional reshaping occurs with a SigB-mediated activation of virulence genes. In contrast, in the blood, PrfA controls transcription of virulence genes. Remarkably, several non-coding RNAs absent in the non-pathogenic species Listeria innocua exhibit the same expression patterns as the virulence genes. Together, our data unravel successive and coordinated global transcriptional changes during infection and point to previously unknown regulatory mechanisms in bacteria.
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Gueriri I, Cyncynatus C, Dubrac S, Arana AT, Dussurget O, Msadek T. The DegU orphan response regulator of Listeria monocytogenes autorepresses its own synthesis and is required for bacterial motility, virulence and biofilm formation. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:2251-2264. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/017590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Gueriri
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram Positif, CNRS URA 2172, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Camille Cyncynatus
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram Positif, CNRS URA 2172, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sarah Dubrac
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram Positif, CNRS URA 2172, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Alejandro Toledo Arana
- Laboratory of Bacterial Biofilms, Instituto De Agrobiotecnologia Y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries Cellules, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Tarek Msadek
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram Positif, CNRS URA 2172, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Dussurget O. Chapter 1 New Insights into Determinants of Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology 2008; 270:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Severino P, Dussurget O, Vêncio RZN, Dumas E, Garrido P, Padilla G, Piveteau P, Lemaître JP, Kunst F, Glaser P, Buchrieser C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Listeria monocytogenes strains of the two major lineages reveals differences in virulence, cell wall, and stress response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6078-88. [PMID: 17704270 PMCID: PMC2075013 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02730-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, opportunistic, bacterial pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases, including meningitis, septicemia, abortion, and gastroenteritis, in humans and animals. Among the 13 L. monocytogenes serovars described, human listeriosis is mostly associated with strains of serovars 4b, 1/2b, and 1/2a. Within the species L. monocytogenes, three phylogenetic lineages are described. Serovar 1/2a belongs to phylogenetic lineage I, while serovars 4b and 1/2b group in phylogenetic lineage II. To explore the role of gene expression in the adaptation of L. monocytogenes strains of these two major lineages to different environments, as well as in virulence, we performed whole-genome expression profiling of six L. monocytogenes isolates of serovars 4b, 1/2b, and 1/2a of distinct origins, using a newly constructed Listeria multigenome DNA array. Comparison of the global gene expression profiles revealed differences among strains. The expression profiles of two strains having distinct 50% lethal doses, as assessed in the mouse model, were further analyzed. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified differences in protein-, nucleic acid-, carbon metabolism-, and virulence-related gene expression. Comparison of the expression profiles of the core genomes of all strains revealed differences between the two lineages with respect to cell wall synthesis, the stress-related sigma B regulon and virulence-related genes. These findings suggest different patterns of interaction with host cells and the environment, key factors for host colonization and survival in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Severino
- Unité de Génomique des Microorganismes Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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37
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Boneca IG, Dussurget O, Cabanes D, Nahori MA, Sousa S, Lecuit M, Psylinakis E, Bouriotis V, Hugot JP, Giovannini M, Coyle A, Bertin J, Namane A, Rousselle JC, Cayet N, Prévost MC, Balloy V, Chignard M, Philpott DJ, Cossart P, Girardin SE. A critical role for peptidoglycan N-deacetylation in Listeria evasion from the host innate immune system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:997-1002. [PMID: 17215377 PMCID: PMC1766339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609672104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a human intracellular pathogen that is able to survive in the gastrointestinal environment and replicate in macrophages, thus bypassing the early innate immune defenses. Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall readily exposed to the host and, thus, an important target for the innate immune system. Characterization of the PG from L. monocytogenes demonstrated deacetylation of N-acetylglucosamine residues. We identified a PG N-deacetylase gene, pgdA, in L. monocytogenes genome sequence. Inactivation of pgdA revealed the key role of this PG modification in bacterial virulence because the mutant was extremely sensitive to the bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme, and growth was severely impaired after oral and i.v. inoculations. Within macrophage vacuoles, the mutant was rapidly destroyed and induced a massive IFN-beta response in a TLR2 and Nod1-dependent manner. Together, these results reveal that PG N-deacetylation is a highly efficient mechanism used by Listeria to evade innate host defenses. The presence of deacetylase genes in other pathogenic bacteria indicates that PG N-deacetylation could be a general mechanism used by bacteria to evade the host innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo G. Boneca
- Unité de Pathogénie Bactérienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries–Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries–Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries–Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries–Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries–Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Psylinakis
- Department of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bouriotis
- Department of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75935 Paris, France
- INSERM U458, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Génomique Fonctionnelles des Tumeurs Solides, Fondation Jean Dausset–Centre d'Étude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM U674, F-75010 Paris, France; and
| | | | - John Bertin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | - Nadège Cayet
- Plateforme de Microscopie Électronique, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | | | - Viviane Balloy
- Unité Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM E336, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel Chignard
- Unité Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM E336, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dana J. Philpott
- Groupe Immunité Innée et Signalisation, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries–Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Stephen E. Girardin
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U389 and Groupe INSERM Avenir “Peptidoglycan and Innate Immunity,” Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
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Boyer L, Doye A, Rolando M, Flatau G, Munro P, Gounon P, Clément R, Pulcini C, Popoff MR, Mettouchi A, Landraud L, Dussurget O, Lemichez E. Induction of transient macroapertures in endothelial cells through RhoA inhibition by Staphylococcus aureus factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 173:809-19. [PMID: 16754962 PMCID: PMC2063895 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200509009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The GTPase RhoA is a major regulator of the assembly of actin stress fibers and the contractility of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. The epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor (EDIN) and EDIN-like ADP-ribosyltransferases of Staphylococcus aureus catalyze the inactivation of RhoA, producing actin cable disruption. We report that purified recombinant EDIN and EDIN-producing S. aureus provoke large transcellular tunnels in endothelial cells that we have named macroapertures (MAs). These structures open transiently, followed by the appearance of actin-containing membrane waves extending over the aperture. Disruption of actin cables, either directly or indirectly, through rhoA RNAi knockdown also triggers the formation of MAs. Intoxication of endothelial monolayers by EDIN produces a loss of barrier function and provides direct access of the endothelium basement membrane to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Boyer
- Toxines Bactériennes dans la Relation Hôte-Pathogènes, U627, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes that protect organisms against superoxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during their active metabolism. ROS are major mediators of phagocytes microbicidal activity. Here we show that the cytoplasmic Listeria monocytogenes MnSOD is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues and less active when bacteria reach the stationary phase. We also provide evidence that the most active nonphosphorylated form of MnSOD can be secreted via the SecA2 pathway in culture supernatants and in infected cells, where it becomes phosphorylated. A Deltasod deletion mutant is impaired in survival within macrophages and is dramatically attenuated in mice. Together, our results demonstrate that the capacity to counteract ROS is an essential component of L. monocytogenes virulence. This is the first example of a bacterial SOD post-translationally controlled by phosphorylation, suggesting a possible new host innate mechanism to counteract a virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristel Archambaud
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Inserm, U604, INRA, USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France
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Boyer L, Doye A, Rolando M, Flatau G, Munro P, Gounon P, Clément R, Pulcini C, Popoff MR, Mettouchi A, Landraud L, Dussurget O, Lemichez E. Induction of transient macroapertures in endothelial cells through RhoA inhibition by Staphylococcus aureus factors. J Exp Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1084/jem2036oia17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dussurget O, Dumas E, Archambaud C, Chafsey I, Chambon C, Hébraud M, Cossart P. Listeria monocytogenes ferritin protects against multiple stresses and is required for virulence. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 250:253-61. [PMID: 16098690 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of Listeria monocytogenes ferritin was investigated. The fri gene encoding the ferritin was deleted and the phenotype of the mutant was analyzed demonstrating that ferritin is necessary for optimal growth in minimal medium in both presence and absence of iron, as well as after cold- and heat-shock. We also showed that ferritin provides protection against reactive oxygen species and is essential for full virulence of L. monocytogenes. A comparative proteomic analysis revealed an effect of the fri deletion on the levels of listeriolysin O and several stress proteins. Together, our study demonstrates that fri has multiple roles that contribute to Listeria virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Mandin P, Fsihi H, Dussurget O, Vergassola M, Milohanic E, Toledo-Arana A, Lasa I, Johansson J, Cossart P. VirR, a response regulator critical for Listeria monocytogenes virulence. Mol Microbiol 2005; 57:1367-80. [PMID: 16102006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) was used to identify new genes involved in the virulence of the Gram-positive intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. One of the mutants isolated by this technique had the transposon inserted in virR, a gene encoding a putative response regulator of a two-component system. Deletion of virR severely decreased virulence in mice as well as invasion in cell-culture experiments. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 12 genes regulated by VirR, including the dlt-operon, previously reported to be important for L. monocytogenes virulence. However, a strain lacking dltA, was not as impaired in virulence as the DeltavirR strain, suggesting a role in virulence for other members of the vir regulon. Another VirR-regulated gene is homologous to mprF, which encodes a protein that modifies membrane phosphatidyl glycerol with l-lysine and that is involved in resistance to human defensins in Staphylococcus aureus. VirR thus appears to control virulence by a global regulation of surface components modifications. These modifications may affect interactions with host cells, including components of the innate immune system. Surprisingly, although controlling the same set of genes as VirR, the putative cognate histidine kinase of VirR, VirS, encoded by a gene located three genes downstream of virR, was shown not to be essential for virulence. By monitoring the activity of VirR with a GFP reporter construct, we showed that VirR can be activated independently of VirS, for example through a mechanism involving variations in the level of intracellular acetyl phosphate. In silico analysis of the VirR-regulated promoters revealed a VirR DNA-binding consensus site and specific interaction between purified VirR protein and this consensus sequence was demonstrated by gel mobility shift assays. This study identifies a second key virulence regulon in L. monocytogenes, after the prfA regulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mandin
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries cellules, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, France
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Dussurget O, Dumas E, Archambaud C, Chafsey I, Chambon C, Hébraud M, Cossart P. Corrigendum to: âListeria monocytogenesferritin protects against multiple stresses and is required for virulenceâ [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 250 (2005) 253â261]. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Archambaud C, Gouin E, Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P, Dussurget O. Translation elongation factor EF-Tu is a target for Stp, a serine-threonine phosphatase involved in virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2005; 56:383-96. [PMID: 15813732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe food-borne infection. This bacterium, in order to survive and grow in the multiple conditions encountered in the host and the environment, has evolved a large number of regulatory elements, in particular many signal transduction systems based on reversible phosphorylation. The genome sequence has revealed genes for 16 putative two-component systems, four putative tyrosine phosphatases, three putative serine-threonine kinases and two putative serine-threonine phosphatases. We found that one of the latter genes, stp, encodes a functional Mn(2+)-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase similar to PPM eukaryotic phosphatases (Mg(2+)-or Mn(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase) and is required for growth of L. monocytogenes in a murine model of infection. We identified as the first target for Stp, the elongation factor EF-Tu. Post-translational phosphorylation of EF-Tu had been shown to prevent its binding to amino-acylated transfer RNA as well as to kirromycin, an antibiotic known to inhibit EF-Tu function. Accordingly, an stp deletion mutant is less sensitive to kirromycin. These results suggest an important role for Stp in regulating EF-Tu and controlling bacterial survival in the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristel Archambaud
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U604, INRA USC2020, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a severe human foodborne infection characterized by gastroenteritis, meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and perinatal infections. This gram-positive bacterium is a facultative intracellular pathogen that induces its own uptake into nonphagocytic cells and spreads from cell to cell using an actin-based motility process. This review covers both well-established and recent advances in the characterization of L. monocytogenes virulence determinants and their role in the pathophysiology of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U604, 75015 Paris, France.
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Cabanes D, Dussurget O, Dehoux P, Cossart P. Auto, a surface associated autolysin of Listeria monocytogenes required for entry into eukaryotic cells and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2004; 51:1601-14. [PMID: 15009888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne human and animal pathogen. Several surface proteins expressed by this intracellular pathogen are critical for the infectious process. By in silico analysis we compared the surface protein repertories of L. monocytogenes and of the non-pathogenic species Listeria innocua and identified a gene encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes absent in L. innocua. This gene that we named aut encodes a protein (Auto) of 572 amino acids containing a signal sequence, a N-terminal autolysin domain and a C-terminal cell wall-anchoring domain made up of four GW modules. We show here that the aut gene is expressed independently of the virulence gene regulator PrfA and encodes a surface protein with an autolytic activity. We provide evidence that Auto is required for entry of L. monocytogenes into cultured non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells. The low invasiveness of an aut deletion mutant correlates with its reduced virulence following intravenous inoculation of mice and oral infection of guinea pigs. During infection, the autolytic activity of Auto may also be critical. Auto appears thus as a novel type of L. monocytogenes virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Cabanes
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Dussurget O, Cabanes D, Dehoux P, Lecuit M, Buchrieser C, Glaser P, Cossart P. Listeria monocytogenes bile salt hydrolase is a virulence factor involved in the intestinal and hepatic phases of listeriosis. Mol Microbiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dussurget O, Cabanes D, Dehoux P, Lecuit M, Buchrieser C, Glaser P, Cossart P. Listeria monocytogenes bile salt hydrolase is a PrfA-regulated virulence factor involved in the intestinal and hepatic phases of listeriosis. Mol Microbiol 2002; 45:1095-106. [PMID: 12180927 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen causing severe food-borne infections in humans and animals. It can sense and adapt to a variety of harsh microenvironments outside as well as inside the host. Once ingested by a mammalian host, the bacterial pathogen reaches the intestinal lumen, where it encounters bile salts which, in addition to their role in digestion, have antimicrobial activity. Comparison of the L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua genomes has revealed the presence of an L. monocytogenes-specific putative gene encoding a bile salt hydrolase (BSH). Here, we show that the bsh gene encodes a functional intracellular enzyme in all pathogenic Listeria species. The bsh gene is positively regulated by PrfA, the transcriptional activator of known L. monocytogenes virulence genes. Moreover, BSH activity increases at low oxygen concentration. Deletion of bsh results in decreased resistance to bile in vitro, reduced bacterial faecal carriage after oral infection of the guinea-pigs, reduced virulence and liver colonization after intravenous inoculation of mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BSH is a novel PrfA-regulated L. monocytogenes virulence factor involved in the intestinal and hepatic phases of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
On the basis of the recently determined genome sequence of Listeria monocytogenes, we performed a global analysis of the surface-protein-encoding genes. Only proteins displaying a signal peptide were taken into account. Forty-one genes encoding LPXTG proteins, including the previously known internalin gene family, were detected. Several genes encoding proteins that, like InlB and Ami, possess GW modules that attach them to lipoteichoic acids were also identified. Additionally, the completed genome sequence revealed genes encoding proteins potentially anchored in the cell membrane by a hydrophobic tail as well as genes encoding P60-like proteins and lipoproteins. We describe these families and discuss their putative implications for host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Cabanes
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries Cellules, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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