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Johansen MD, Irving A, Montagutelli X, Tate MD, Rudloff I, Nold MF, Hansbro NG, Kim RY, Donovan C, Liu G, Faiz A, Short KR, Lyons JG, McCaughan GW, Gorrell MD, Cole A, Moreno C, Couteur D, Hesselson D, Triccas J, Neely GG, Gamble JR, Simpson SJ, Saunders BM, Oliver BG, Britton WJ, Wark PA, Nold-Petry CA, Hansbro PM. Animal and translational models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:877-891. [PMID: 32820248 PMCID: PMC7439637 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is causing a major once-in-a-century global pandemic. The scientific and clinical community is in a race to define and develop effective preventions and treatments. The major features of disease are described but clinical trials have been hampered by competing interests, small scale, lack of defined patient cohorts and defined readouts. What is needed now is head-to-head comparison of existing drugs, testing of safety including in the background of predisposing chronic diseases, and the development of new and targeted preventions and treatments. This is most efficiently achieved using representative animal models of primary infection including in the background of chronic disease with validation of findings in primary human cells and tissues. We explore and discuss the diverse animal, cell and tissue models that are being used and developed and collectively recapitulate many critical aspects of disease manifestation in humans to develop and test new preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Irving
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, ZJU International Campus, Haining, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Montagutelli
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - I Rudloff
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - M F Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - N G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - G Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A Faiz
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - K R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J G Lyons
- Centenary Institute and Dermatology, The University of Sydney and Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Cole
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Moreno
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, ANZAC Research Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Hesselson
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Triccas
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - G G Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J R Gamble
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, ANZAC Research Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Sydney, Australia
| | - B M Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - B G Oliver
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - W J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney and Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C A Nold-Petry
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Hardy S, Mabotuwana NS, Murtha LA, Coulter B, Bezenilla SS, Al-Omary MS, Senanayake T, Loering S, Rech CLS, Starkey M, Lee RJ, Rainer P, Hansbro PM, Boyle AJ. P6296The role of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) - a novel link between inflammation and cardiac fibrosis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiac fibrosis is a severe consequence of cardiovascular disease and aging, in which we currently have no effective treatments. The mechanisms underpinning the development of cardiac fibrosis remains poorly understood. Our preliminary data suggested extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is involved in cardiac fibrosis. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of ECM1 in several fibrotic cardiac diseases.
Methods
Young and ageing (3m/18m) male C57BL/6 mice, and primary mouse cardiac fibroblast (cFB) cultures, commercial human cardiac fibroblasts (Hu-cFB), human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC)/smooth muscle cell (HCASMC), and human cardiac myocyte (HCM) cell lines were used. Young mice were subject to myocardial infarction (MI, 3-day/28-day, n=6/6), or pressure overload (TAC, 3-day/13-week, n=4/4). Left ventricle (LV) was collected at all time-points, and at 18m (ageing; n=3). Spleen and bone marrow was extracted from young control mice. Hu-cFB cells were treated with recombinant ECM1 (20ng/ml) for either 10, 30 or 50 min, or 48h. Immunoblotting was conducted on all samples, qPCR on LV tissue only, density gradient centrifugation and multicolour flow cytometry coupled with fluorescent ECM1 mRNA in-situ hybridisation (FISH-Flow) on bone marrow cells.
Results
ECM1 expression was upregulated in ageing LV (mRNA 2.2±0.1-fold, p=0.0002; protein 2.0-fold, p=0.0006), day-3 post-MI (mRNA, 4.9±2.0-fold, p=0.004; protein, 3.0-fold, p=0.004), a trend of ECM1 upregulation was observed at day-28 post-MI (mRNA, 13.2±12.0-fold, p=0.003; protein, 1.8-fold, p=0.2), but no change post-TAC. Both ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation was upregulated 10 min post-ECM1 treatment of Hu-cFBs (ERK1/2, 2.0-fold, p<0.0001; AKT, 1.9-fold, p<0.0001), and Collagen-I protein expression was upregulated 48h post-ECM1 treatment (1.9-fold, p=0.004). ECM1 protein was not expressed in cFB, Hu-cFB, HCAEC, HCASMC or HCM, however ECM1 protein was highly expressed in spleen and bone marrow; to a greater extent in granulocytes compared to monocytes (p=0.004). tSNE analysis of ECM1 mRNA FISH-Flow revealed ECM1+ are highly granular, moderate to large in size, and express (to varying levels) CD45, CD11b, CD11c, F4/80, Ly6-C, Ly-6G, and FcεrI-α. However ECM1+ cells did not express markers indicative of smaller cells (CD3 or MHC II).
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that ECM1 plays a role in ageing and post-MI fibrosis. Although ECM1 was not produced by resident cardiac cells, it was highly expressed in spleen and bone marrow; specifically, large, granular bone marrow cell sub-types such as granulocytes and/or macrophages. Our data suggest ECM1 is expressed by cardiac infiltrating leukocytes to provoke fibroblast collagen expression in a disease specific manner; potentially via the ERK1/2 and/or AKT pathway activation. Therefore, ECM1 warrants further investigation, and may be a promising target for the treatment of fibrotic cardiac diseases.
Acknowledgement/Funding
John hunter hospital charitable trust, Hunter medical research institute (HMRI) grants
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hardy
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Cardiology, Graz, Austria
| | - N S Mabotuwana
- University of Newcastle, Cardiovascular Research Group, Newcastle, Australia
| | - L A Murtha
- University of Newcastle, Cardiovascular Research Group, Newcastle, Australia
| | - B Coulter
- University of Newcastle, Cardiovascular Research Group, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S S Bezenilla
- University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre's for Health Lungs and GrowUpWell, Newcastle, Australia
| | - M S Al-Omary
- University of Newcastle, Cardiovascular Research Group, Newcastle, Australia
| | - T Senanayake
- University of Newcastle, Cardiovascular Research Group, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S Loering
- University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre's for Health Lungs and GrowUpWell, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C L S Rech
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Cardiology, Graz, Austria
| | - M Starkey
- University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre's for Health Lungs and GrowUpWell, Newcastle, Australia
| | - R J Lee
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - P Rainer
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Cardiology, Graz, Austria
| | - P M Hansbro
- University of Technology, Sydney, Center for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - A J Boyle
- University of Newcastle, Cardiovascular Research Group, Newcastle, Australia
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Periyalil HA, Wood LG, Wright TA, Karihaloo C, Starkey MR, Miu AS, Baines KJ, Hansbro PM, Gibson PG. Obese asthmatics are characterized by altered adipose tissue macrophage activation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:641-649. [PMID: 29383778 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived inflammation is linked to obesity-related comorbidities. This study aimed to quantify and immuno-phenotype adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) from obese asthmatics and obese non-asthmatics and to examine associations between adipose tissue, systemic and airway inflammation. METHODS Visceral (VAT) adipose tissue and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue were collected from obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery and processed to obtain the stromovascular fraction. Pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages were quantified by flow cytometry. Cytospins of induced sputum were stained for differential cell counts. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and CD163 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS VAT contained a higher number of ATMs compared to SAT. A higher percentage of M1 ATMs was observed in VAT of obese asthmatics compared to obese non-asthmatics. The M1:M2 ratio in VAT was negatively associated with FEV1 %. Sputum macrophage count was correlated positively with M1 ATMs and negatively with M2 ATMs in VAT. In obese asthmatics, CRP was positively associated with M1:M2 ratio in VAT. There were no associations with CD163. An elevated ratio of M1:M2 ATMs was observed in VAT of obese asthmatics with increased disease severity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Visceral inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) occurs in obese asthma and may be a determinant of systemic inflammation and asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Periyalil
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - L G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - T A Wright
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - C Karihaloo
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - M R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre Grow-Up-Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - A S Miu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - K J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre Grow-Up-Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - P G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Camlin NJ, Jarnicki AG, Vanders RL, Walters KA, Hansbro PM, McLaughlin EA, Holt JE. Grandmaternal smoke exposure reduces female fertility in a murine model, with great-grandmaternal smoke exposure unlikely to have an effect. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1270-1281. [PMID: 28402417 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What effect does multigenerational (F2) and transgenerational (F3) cigarette smoke exposure have on female fertility in mice? SUMMARY ANSWER Cigarette smoking has a multigenerational effect on female fertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY It has been well established that cigarette smoking decreases female fertility. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that smoking during pregnancy decreases the fertility of daughters and increases cancer and asthma incidence in grandchildren and great-grandchildren. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Six-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed nasally to cigarette smoke or room air (controls) for 5 weeks prior to being housed with males. Females continued to be exposed to smoke throughout pregnancy and lactation until pups were weaned. A subset of F1 female pups born to these smoke and non-smoke exposed females were bred to create the F2 grandmaternal exposed generation (multigenerational). Finally, a subset of F2 females were bred to create the F3 great-grandmaternal exposed generation (transgenerational). The reproductive health of F2 and F3 females was examined at 8 weeks and 9 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ovarian and oocyte quality was examined in smoke exposed and control animals. A small-scale fertility trial was performed before ovarian changes were examined using ovarian histology and immunofluorescence and/or immunoblotting analysis of markers of apoptosis (TUNEL) and proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)). Oocyte quality was examined using immunocytochemistry to analyze the metaphase II spindle and ploidy status. Parthenogenetic activation of oocytes was used to investigate meiosis II timing and preimplantation embryo development. Finally, diestrus hormone serum levels (FSH and LH) were quantified. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE F2 smoke exposed females had no detectable change in ovarian follicle quality at 8 weeks, although by 9 months ovarian somatic cell proliferation was reduced (P = 0.0197) compared with non-smoke exposed control. Further investigation revealed changes between control and smoke exposed F2 oocyte quality, including altered meiosis II timing at 8 weeks (P = 0.0337) and decreased spindle pole to pole length at 9 months (P = 0.0109). However, no change in preimplantation embryo development was observed following parthenogenetic activation. The most noticeable effect of cigarette smoke exposure was related to the subfertility of F2 females; F2 smoke exposed females displayed significantly increased time to conception (P = 0.0042) and significantly increased lag time between pregnancies (P = 0.0274) compared with non-smoke exposed F2 females. Conversely, F3 smoke exposed females displayed negligible oocyte and follicle changes up to 9 months of age, and normal preimplantation embryo development. LARGE SCALE DATA None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study focused solely on a mouse model of cigarette smoke exposure to simulate human exposure. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that grandmaternal cigarette smoke exposure reduces female fertility in mice, highlighting the clinical need to promote cessation of cigarette smoking in pregnant women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Australian Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle Permanent Building Society Charitable Trust, and the University of Newcastle Priory Research Centers in Chemical Biology, Healthy Lungs and Grow Up Well. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Camlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A G Jarnicki
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - R L Vanders
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - K A Walters
- School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - J E Holt
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Knight DA, Hansbro PM. Restricted access or access all areas? a new cadherin-like protein upregulated in the inflamed esophagus. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1-2. [PMID: 29259340 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Nair PM, Starkey MR, Haw TJ, Liu G, Horvat JC, Morris JC, Verrills NM, Clark AR, Ammit AJ, Hansbro PM. Targeting PP2A and proteasome activity ameliorates features of allergic airway disease in mice. Allergy 2017; 72:1891-1903. [PMID: 28543283 DOI: 10.1111/all.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an allergic airway disease (AAD) caused by aberrant immune responses to allergens. Protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) is an abundant serine/threonine phosphatase with anti-inflammatory activity. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) controls many cellular processes, including the initiation of inflammatory responses by protein degradation. We assessed whether enhancing PP2A activity with fingolimod (FTY720) or 2-amino-4-(4-(heptyloxy) phenyl)-2-methylbutan-1-ol (AAL(S) ), or inhibiting proteasome activity with bortezomib (BORT), could suppress experimental AAD. METHODS Acute AAD was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) in combination with intranasal (i.n) exposure to OVA. Chronic AAD was induced in mice with prolonged i.n exposure to crude house dust mite (HDM) extract. Mice were treated with vehicle, FTY720, AAL(S) , BORT or AAL(S) +BORT and hallmark features of AAD assessed. RESULTS AAL(S) reduced the severity of acute AAD by suppressing tissue eosinophils and inflammation, mucus-secreting cell (MSC) numbers, type 2-associated cytokines (interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-5 and IL-13), serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). FTY720 only suppressed tissue inflammation and IgE. BORT reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tissue eosinophils and inflammation, IL-5, IL-13 and AHR. Combined treatment with AAL(S) +BORT had complementary effects and suppressed BALF and tissue eosinophils and inflammation, MSC numbers, reduced the production of type 2 cytokines and AHR. AAL(S) , BORT and AAL(S) +BORT also reduced airway remodelling in chronic AAD. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential of combination therapies that enhance PP2A and inhibit proteasome activity as novel therapeutic strategies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Nair
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - M. R. Starkey
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - T. J. Haw
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - G. Liu
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - J. C. Horvat
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - J. C. Morris
- School of Chemistry; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - N. M. Verrills
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - A. R. Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - A. J. Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Faculty of Science; School of Life Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - P. M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs; Grow up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation; University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
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Jarnicki AG, Schilter H, Liu G, Wheeldon K, Essilfie AT, Foot JS, Yow TT, Jarolimek W, Hansbro PM. The inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, PXS-4728A, ameliorates key features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mouse model. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3161-3175. [PMID: 27495192 PMCID: PMC5071557 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of illness and death, often induced by cigarette smoking (CS). It is characterized by pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis that impairs lung function. Existing treatments aim to control symptoms but have low efficacy, and there are no broadly effective treatments. A new potential target is the ectoenzyme, semicarbazide-sensitive mono-amine oxidase (SSAO; also known as vascular adhesion protein-1). SSAO is elevated in smokers' serum and is a pro-inflammatory enzyme facilitating adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes from the vasculature to sites of inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PXS-4728A was developed as a low MW inhibitor of SSAO. A model of COPD induced by CS in mice reproduces key aspects of human COPD, including chronic airway inflammation, fibrosis and impaired lung function. This model was used to assess suppression of SSAO activity and amelioration of inflammation and other characteristic features of COPD. KEY RESULTS Treatment with PXS-4728A completely inhibited lung and systemic SSAO activity induced by acute and chronic CS-exposure. Daily oral treatment inhibited airway inflammation (immune cell influx and inflammatory factors) induced by acute CS-exposure. Therapeutic treatment during chronic CS-exposure, when the key features of experimental COPD develop and progress, substantially suppressed inflammatory cell influx and fibrosis in the airways and improved lung function. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with a low MW inhibitor of SSAO, PXS-4728A, suppressed airway inflammation and fibrosis and improved lung function in experimental COPD, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of PXS-4728A for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Jarnicki
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Schilter
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Liu
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - K Wheeldon
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A-T Essilfie
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J S Foot
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T T Yow
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - W Jarolimek
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Grillo VL, Arzey KE, Hansbro PM, Hurt AC, Warner S, Bergfeld J, Burgess GW, Cookson B, Dickason CJ, Ferenczi M, Hollingsworth T, Hoque M, Jackson RB, Klaassen M, Kirkland PD, Kung NY, Lisovski S, O'Dea MA, O'Riley K, Roshier D, Skerratt LF, Tracey JP, Wang X, Woods R, Post L. Avian influenza in Australia: a summary of 5 years of wild bird surveillance. Aust Vet J 2016; 93:387-93. [PMID: 26503532 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are found worldwide in numerous bird species, causing significant disease in gallinaceous poultry and occasionally other species. Surveillance of wild bird reservoirs provides an opportunity to add to the understanding of the epidemiology of AIVs. METHODS This study examined key findings from the National Avian Influenza Wild Bird Surveillance Program over a 5-year period (July 2007-June 2012), the main source of information on AIVs circulating in Australia. RESULTS The overall proportion of birds that tested positive for influenza A via PCR was 1.9 ± 0.1%, with evidence of widespread exposure of Australian wild birds to most low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtypes (H1-13, H16). LPAI H5 subtypes were found to be dominant and widespread during this 5-year period. CONCLUSION Given Australia's isolation, both geographically and ecologically, it is important for Australia not to assume that the epidemiology of AIV from other geographic regions applies here. Despite all previous highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Australian poultry being attributed to H7 subtypes, widespread detection of H5 subtypes in wild birds may represent an ongoing risk to the Australian poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Grillo
- Wildlife Health Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - K E Arzey
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Warner
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resource, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - J Bergfeld
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - G W Burgess
- One Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - B Cookson
- Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - C J Dickason
- Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries & Regions, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Ferenczi
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mda Hoque
- One Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - R B Jackson
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - M Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - P D Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - N Y Kung
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Lisovski
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - M A O'Dea
- Department of Agriculture and Food, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K O'Riley
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resource, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - D Roshier
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - L F Skerratt
- One Health Research Group, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - J P Tracey
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Forest Road, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - X Wang
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resource, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - R Woods
- Wildlife Health Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Post
- Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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9
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Gold MJ, Hiebert PR, Park HY, Stefanowicz D, Le A, Starkey MR, Deane A, Brown AC, Liu G, Horvat JC, Ibrahim ZA, Sukkar MB, Hansbro PM, Carlsten C, VanEeden S, Sin DD, McNagny KM, Knight DA, Hirota JA. Mucosal production of uric acid by airway epithelial cells contributes to particulate matter-induced allergic sensitization. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:809-20. [PMID: 26509876 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, contributes to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. PM induces innate immune responses and contributes to allergic sensitization, although the mechanisms governing this process remain unclear. Lung mucosal uric acid has also been linked to allergic sensitization. The links among PM exposure, uric acid, and allergic sensitization remain unexplored. We therefore investigated the mechanisms behind PM-induced allergic sensitization in the context of lung mucosal uric acid. PM10 and house dust mite exposure selectively induced lung mucosal uric acid production and secretion in vivo, which did not occur with other challenges (lipopolysaccharide, virus, bacteria, or inflammatory/fibrotic stimuli). PM10-induced uric acid mediates allergic sensitization and augments antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, which is inhibited by uricase. We then demonstrate that human airway epithelial cells secrete uric acid basally and after stimulation through a previously unidentified mucosal secretion system. Our work discovers a previously unknown mechanism of air pollution-induced, uric acid-mediated, allergic sensitization that may be important in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gold
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P R Hiebert
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Y Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D Stefanowicz
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Le
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A Deane
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - G Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - J C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Z A Ibrahim
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M B Sukkar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - C Carlsten
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S VanEeden
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D D Sin
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J A Hirota
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Sobinoff AP, Sutherland JM, Beckett EL, Stanger SJ, Johnson R, Jarnicki AG, McCluskey A, St John JC, Hansbro PM, McLaughlin EA. Damaging legacy: maternal cigarette smoking has long-term consequences for male offspring fertility. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2719-35. [PMID: 25269568 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the effects on fertility of cigarette smoke-induced toxicity on male offspring exposed during the gestational/weaning period? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal cigarette smoke exposure during the gestational/weaning period causes long-term defects in male offspring fertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cigarette smoke is a well-known reproductive toxicant which is particularly harmful to both fetal and neonatal germ cells. However, recent studies suggest a significant portion of young mothers in the developed world still smoke during pregnancy. In the context of male reproductive health, our understanding of the effects of in utero exposure on offspring fertility is limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this study, 27 C57BL/6 5-week-old female mice were exposed via the nose-only to cigarette smoke (treatment) or 27 were exposed to room air (control) for 6 weeks before being housed with stud males to produce litters. In the treatment group, smoke exposure continued throughout mating, pregnancy and lactation until weaning of pups at 21 days post birth. Male offspring were examined at post-natal days 3, 6, 12, 21 and 98 (adult). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Approximately 108 maternal smoke-exposed C57BL/6 offspring and controls were examined. Spermatogenesis was examined using testicular histology and apoptosis/DNA damage was assessed using caspase immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. Sertoli cell morphology and fluctuations in the spermatogonial stem cell population were also examined using immunohistochemistry. Microarray and QPCR analysis were performed on adult testes to examine specific long-term transcriptomic alteration as a consequence of maternal smoke exposure. Sperm counts and motility, zona/oolemma binding assays, COMET analysis and mitochondrial genomic sequencing were also performed on spermatozoa obtained from adult treated and control mice. Fertility trials using exposed adult male offspring were also performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Maternal cigarette smoke exposure caused increased gonocyte and meiotic spermatocyte apoptosis (P < 0.01) as well as germ cell depletion in the seminiferous tubules of neonatal and juvenile offspring. Aberrant testicular development characterized by abnormal Sertoli and germ cell organization, a depleted spermatogonial stem cell population (P < 0.01), atrophic seminiferous tubules and increased germ cell DNA damage (P < 0.01) persisted in adult offspring 11 weeks after exposure. Microarray analysis of adult offspring testes associated these defects with meiotic germ cell development, sex hormone metabolism, oxidative stress and Sertoli cell signalling. Next generation sequencing also revealed a high mitochondrial DNA mutational load in the testes of adult offspring (P < 0.01). Adult maternal smoke-exposed offspring also had reduced sperm counts with spermatozoa exhibiting morphological abnormalities (P < 0.01), affecting motility and fertilization potential. Odf2, a spermatozoa flagellum component required for coordinated ciliary beating, was also significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01) in maternal smoke-exposed adult offspring, with aberrant localization along the spermatozoa flagellum. Adult maternal smoke-exposed offspring took significantly longer to impregnate control females and had a slight but significant (P < 0.01) reduction in litter size. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study examined only one species (mouse) using a smoking model which only simulates human cigarette smoke exposure. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study represents the first comprehensive animal model of maternal smoking on male offspring reproductive function, suggesting that exposure during the gestational/weaning period causes long-term defects in male offspring fertility. This is due to a compromised spermatogonial stem cell population resulting from gonocyte apoptosis and impaired spermatogenic development. This results in significant germ cell damage and Sertoli cell dysfunction, impacting germ cell number, tubule organization, DNA damage and spermatozoa in adult offspring. This study strengthens the current literature suggesting that maternal exposure impairs male offspring fertility, which is currently debated due to conflicting studies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by the Australian Research Council, Hunter Medical Research Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the Newcastle Permanent Building Society Charitable Trust. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sobinoff
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - J M Sutherland
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E L Beckett
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - S J Stanger
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - R Johnson
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A G Jarnicki
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A McCluskey
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - J C St John
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton Vic 3168, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - E A McLaughlin
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Monash Medical Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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11
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Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Hatchwell LM, Collison AM, Yagita H, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Mattes J, Hansbro PM. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand translates neonatal respiratory infection into chronic lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:478-88. [PMID: 24045576 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infections in early life can lead to chronic respiratory disease. Chlamydia infections are common causes of respiratory disease, particularly pneumonia in neonates, and are linked to permanent reductions in pulmonary function and the induction of asthma. However, the immune responses that protect against early-life infection and the mechanisms that lead to chronic lung disease are incompletely understood. Here we identify novel roles for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in promoting Chlamydia respiratory infection-induced pathology in early life, and subsequent chronic lung disease. By infecting TRAIL-deficient neonatal mice and using neutralizing antibodies against this factor and its receptors in wild-type mice, we demonstrate that TRAIL is critical in promoting infection-induced histopathology, inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion, as well as subsequent alveolar enlargement and impaired lung function. This suggests that therapeutic agents that target TRAIL or its receptors may be effective treatments for early-life respiratory infections and associated chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D H Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A T Essilfie
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L M Hatchwell
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A M Collison
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Mattes
- 1] Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia [2] Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Newcastle Children's Hospital, Kaleidoscope, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Sobinoff AP, Beckett EL, Jarnicki AG, Sutherland JM, McCluskey A, Hansbro PM, McLaughlin EA. Scrambled and fried: cigarette smoke exposure causes antral follicle destruction and oocyte dysfunction through oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:156-67. [PMID: 23693141 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a reproductive hazard associated with pre-mature reproductive senescence and reduced clinical pregnancy rates in female smokers. Despite an increased awareness of the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure on systemic health, many women remain unaware of the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on female fertility. This issue is compounded by our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind cigarette smoke induced infertility. In this study we used a direct nasal exposure mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to characterise mechanisms of cigarette-smoke induced ovotoxicity. Cigarette smoke exposure caused increased levels of primordial follicle depletion, antral follicle oocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in exposed ovaries, resulting in fewer follicles available for ovulation. Evidence of oxidative stress also persisted in ovulated oocytes which escaped destruction, with increased levels of mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation resulting in reduced fertilisation potential. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissue correlated these insults with a complex mechanism of ovotoxicity involving genes associated with detoxification, inflammation, follicular activation, immune cell mediated apoptosis and membrane organisation. In particular, the phase I detoxifying enzyme cyp2e1 was found to be significantly up-regulated in developing oocytes; an enzyme known to cause molecular bioactivation resulting in oxidative stress. Our results provide a preliminary model of cigarette smoke induced sub-fertility through cyp2e1 bioactivation and oxidative stress, resulting in developing follicle depletion and oocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sobinoff
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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13
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Wynne O, Horvat JC, Kim RY, Ong LK, Smith R, Hansbro PM, Clifton VL, Hodgson DM. Neonatal respiratory infection and adult re-infection: effect on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus in BALB/c mice. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:1214-22. [PMID: 21440617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful events during the perinatal period in both humans and animals have long-term consequences for the development and function of physiological systems and susceptibility to disease in adulthood. One form of stress commonly experienced in the neonatal period is exposure to bacterial and viral infections. The current study investigated the effects of live Chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection at birth followed by re-infection in adulthood on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and stress response outcomes. Within 24 h of birth, neonatal mice were infected intranasally with C. muridarum (400 inclusion-forming units [ifu]) or vehicle. At 42 days, mice were re-infected (100 ifu) and euthanized 10 days later. In males, infection in adulthood alone had the most impact on the parameters measured with significant increases in GR protein compared to adult infection alone; and significant increases MR protein and circulating corticosterone compared to other treatment groups. Neonatal infection alone induced the largest alterations in the females with results showing reciprocal patterns for GR protein and TH protein. Perinatal infection resulted in a blunted response following adult infection for both males and females across all parameters. The present study demonstrates for the first time that males and females respond differently to infection based on the timing of the initial insult and that there is considerable sex differences in the hippocampal phenotypes that emerge in adulthood after neonatal infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Glands/enzymology
- Adrenal Glands/metabolism
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Chlamydia Infections/genetics
- Chlamydia Infections/immunology
- Chlamydia Infections/metabolism
- Chlamydia Infections/physiopathology
- Chlamydia muridarum
- Corticosterone/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/genetics
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/physiopathology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Recurrence
- Sex Characteristics
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wynne
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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14
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Wynne O, Horvat JC, Osei-Kumah A, Smith R, Hansbro PM, Clifton VL, Hodgson DM. Early life infection alters adult BALB/c hippocampal gene expression in a sex specific manner. Stress 2011; 14:247-61. [PMID: 21294648 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2010.532576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During the perinatal period, the developing brain is sensitive to environmental events. Deleterious programing resulting from infection, dietary restriction, or psychological stress has been observed and affects adult immune and endocrine systems as well as behavior. In this study, we determined whether neonatal infection permanently alters immune and glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathways in the adult hippocampus. A Chlamydia muridarum respiratory infection was induced in male and female mice at birth. Mice were allowed to recover and microarray analysis was conducted on RNA from adult hippocampal tissue. In males, neonatal infection induced an up-regulation of genes associated with cellular development, nervous system development and function, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. After neonatal infection, adult females exhibited a T-helper 2 immune bias with genes such as major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 up-regulated. Expression of prolactin, vasopressin, hypocretin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein, and oxytocin were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study shows that neonatal infection differentially alters the gene expression profiles of both female and male mice along immune and neuroendocrine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wynne
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
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15
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Wood LG, Hazlewood LC, Foster PS, Hansbro PM. Lyprinol reduces inflammation and improves lung function in a mouse model of allergic airways disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 40:1785-93. [PMID: 20412134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease that is characterized by an influx of eosinophils to the lungs, mucus hypersecretion and T helper type 2 cytokine production. Recent dietary changes, including a decreased ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, may have contributed to increased asthma rates and dietary supplementation with marine oil could have clinical benefits. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs on allergic inflammation and lung function using a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease (AAD). METHODS BALB/c mice received a daily supplement of either fish oil (rich in ω-3 PUFA) or lyprinol (a complex mixture of various marine lipids plus vitamin E and olive oil) before and during AAD. The effects of supplementation on AAD were assessed. RESULTS Lyprinol but not fish oil treatment reduced eosinophil influx into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the lung tissue surrounding the airways and the blood, decreased mucus hypersecretion in the lung and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The effects of lyprinol were not associated with changes in serum IgG1 or IgG2a, or the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Lyprinol suppresses the development of allergic inflammation and AHR in AAD. The therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with lyprinol for asthma warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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16
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Preston JA, Thorburn AN, Starkey MR, Beckett EL, Horvat JC, Wade MA, O'Sullivan BJ, Thomas R, Beagley KW, Gibson PG, Foster PS, Hansbro PM. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection suppresses allergic airways disease by inducing regulatory T-cells. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:53-64. [PMID: 20525707 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00049510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An inverse association exists between some bacterial infections and the prevalence of asthma. We investigated whether Streptococcus pneumoniae infection protects against asthma using mouse models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease (AAD). Mice were intratracheally infected or treated with killed S. pneumoniae before, during or after OVA sensitisation and subsequent challenge. The effects of S. pneumoniae on AAD were assessed. Infection or treatment with killed S. pneumoniae suppressed hallmark features of AAD, including antigen-specific T-helper cell (Th) type 2 cytokine and antibody responses, peripheral and pulmonary eosinophil accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The effect of infection on the development of specific features of AAD depended on the timing of infection relative to allergic sensitisation and challenge. Infection induced significant increases in regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers in lymph nodes, which correlated with the degree of suppression of AAD. Tregs reduced T-cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine release. The suppressive effects of infection were reversed by anti-CD25 treatment. Respiratory infection or treatment with S. pneumoniae attenuates allergic immune responses and suppresses AAD. These effects may be mediated by S. pneumoniae-induced Tregs. This identifies the potential for the development of therapeutic agents for asthma from S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Preston
- Discipline of Infection and Immunity, David Maddison Clinical Sciences Building, Cnr King and Watt Sts, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
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Haynes L, Arzey E, Bell C, Buchanan N, Burgess G, Cronan V, Dickason C, Field H, Gibbs S, Hansbro PM, Hollingsworth T, Hurt AC, Kirkland P, McCracken H, O’Connor J, Tracey J, Wallner J, Warner S, Woods R, Bunn C. Australian surveillance for avian influenza viruses in wild birds between July 2005 and June 2007. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:266-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharkhuu T, Matthaei KI, Forbes E, Mahalingam S, Hogan SP, Hansbro PM, Foster PS. Mechanism of interleukin-25 (IL-17E)-induced pulmonary inflammation and airways hyper-reactivity. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 36:1575-83. [PMID: 17177681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-25, a novel member of the IL-17 cytokine family, promotes CD4+ T-helper 2 lymphocyte-like (Th type-2) inflammatory responses in the lung. Although IL-25 up-regulates IL-13 in the lung, the contribution of this and other type 2 cytokine signalling pathways to the induction and persistence of airways hyper-reactivity (AHR) and allergic inflammation are unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the downstream factors employed by IL-25 to induce Th type-2 pulmonary inflammation and AHR. METHODS IL-25 was delivered to the airways of BALB/c mice by intra-tracheal (i.t.) instillation and AHR and Th type-2 inflammatory responses were characterized in wild type (WT) and Th type-2-cytokine and -signalling pathway-deficient (-/-) mice. RESULTS IL-25 treatment resulted in AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and a progressive increase in the production of Th type-2 cytokines in the lungs. Levels of arginase-I (arg-I) and eotaxin were also elevated by IL-25 treatment. A significant reduction in AHR, and attenuation of mucus production was observed in IL-25-treated IL-13-/-, IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha-/-)- and signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-factor-6 (STAT6-/-)-deficient mice. AHR was also inhibited in IL-4(-/-)- and IL-5/eotaxin(1)(-/-)- deficient mice treated with IL-25, however, mucus hypersecretion was not completely ablated. IL-25 promoted Th type-2 responses by directly acting on naïve T cells. CONCLUSION IL-25 potently (single dose) induces sustained AHR and acute pulmonary inflammation with eosinophilia. IL-25-induced AHR is dependent on the production of Th type-2 cytokines, and removal of IL-13 and its signal transduction pathway prevents IL-25-induced airways inflammation and AHR. IL-25 potently induces inflammatory cascades that may exacerbate allergic airways inflammation by promoting Th type-2 cytokine responses in conjunction with the up-regulation of factors (eotaxin and arg-I) that can amplify inflammation associated with allergic disorders. Dysregulation in IL-25 production may predispose to features of allergic airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sharkhuu
- Division of Molecular Bioscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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19
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Hurt AC, Hansbro PM, Selleck P, Olsen B, Minton C, Hampson AW, Barr IG. Isolation of avian influenza viruses from two different transhemispheric migratory shorebird species in Australia. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2301-9. [PMID: 16732420 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Shorebirds on their southerly migration from Siberia to Australia, may pass through Asian regions currently experiencing outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza. To test for the presence of avian influenza viruses in migratory shorebirds arriving in Australia during spring 2004, 173 cloacal swabs were collected from six species. Ten swabs were positive for influenza A, with H4N8 viruses detected in five red-necked stints and H11N9 viruses detected in five sharp-tailed sandpipers. No H5N1 viruses were detected. All isolated viruses were non-pathogenic in domestic chickens. These results further demonstrate the potential for migratory shorebirds to carry and potentially spread influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hurt
- World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Parkville, Australia.
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20
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Abstract
A nonfatal pneumococcal lung infection model was required to investigate immune responses during recovery, and the interaction of other diseases subsequent to infection. A murine model of nonfatal pneumococcal lung infection was developed and the effect of genetic background on susceptibility was determined in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Bacteria colonised the lungs and mice developed mild clinical illness with pathophysiology similar to human bronchopneumonia. Recovery was associated with immune cell influx, which cleared bacteria but induced tissue damage characteristic of pneumococcal bronchopneumonia. After clearance, immune cell populations returned to normal and tissues appeared less inflamed. Although bacterial exposure and clearance were similar, the extent of immune cell influx and tissue damage differed significantly. Larger numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes entered lung tissue and the affected area was greater in BALB/c compared with C57BL/6 mice. An inflammatory basis for differences was determined with greater levels of phagocytosis and oxidative burst observed in BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 mice cleared the low inoculum with a reduced immune response; however, C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to larger inocula, which overwhelms the immune system. These different susceptibilities result from a greater inflammatory response in BALB/c compared with C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Preston
- Discipline of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Clark-Walker GD, Hansbro PM, Gibson F, Chen XJ. Mutant residues suppressing rho(0)-lethality in Kluyveromyces lactis occur at contact sites between subunits of F(1)-ATPase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1478:125-37. [PMID: 10719181 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterisation of 35 Kluyveromyces lactis strains lacking mitochondrial DNA has shown that mutations suppressing rho(0)-lethality are limited to the ATP1, 2 and 3 genes coding for the alpha-, beta- and gamma- subunits of mitochondrial F(1)-ATPase. All atp mutations reduce growth on glucose and three alleles, atp1-2, 1-3 and atp3-1, produce a respiratory deficient phenotype that indicates a drop in efficiency of the F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase complex. ATPase activity is needed for suppression as a double mutant containing an atp allele, together with a mutation abolishing catalytic activity, does not suppress rho(0)-lethality. Positioning of the seven amino acids subject to mutation on the bovine F(1)-ATPase structure shows that two residues are found in a membrane proximal region while five amino acids occur at a region suggested to be a molecular bearing. The intriguing juxtaposition of mutable amino acids to other residues subject to change suggests that mutations affect subunit interactions and alter the properties of F(1) in a manner yet to be determined. An explanation for suppressor activity of atp mutations is discussed in the context of a possible role for F(1)-ATPase in the maintenance of mitochondrial inner membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Clark-Walker
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, PO Box 475, Canberra City, ACT, Australia.
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22
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Chen XJ, Hansbro PM, Clark-Walker GD. Suppression of rho0 lethality by mitochondrial ATP synthase F1 mutations in Kluyveromyces lactis occurs in the absence of F0. Mol Gen Genet 1998; 259:457-67. [PMID: 9790576 DOI: 10.1007/s004380050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Specific mgi mutations in the alpha, beta or gamma subunits of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase have previously been found to suppress rho0 lethality in the petite-negative yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. To determine whether the suppressive activity of the altered F1 is dependent on the F0 sector of ATP synthase, we isolated and disrupted the genes KlATP4, 5 and 7, the three nuclear genes encoding subunits b, OSCP and d. Strains disrupted for any one, or all three of these genes are respiration deficient and have reduced viability. However a strain devoid of the three nuclear genes is still unable to lose mitochondrial DNA, whereas a mgi mutant with the three genes inactivated remains petite-positive. In the latter case, rho0 mutants can be isolated, upon treatment with ethidium bromide, that lack six major F0 subunits, namely the nucleus-encoded subunits b, OSCP and d, and the mitochondrially encoded Atp6, 8 and 9p. Production of rho0 mutants indicates that an F1-complex carrying a mgi mutation can assemble in the absence of F0 subunits and that suppression of rho0 lethality is an intrinsic property of the altered F1 particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Genetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
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Hansbro PM, Chen XJ, Clark-Walker GD. Allele-specific expression of the Mgi- phenotype on disruption of the F1-ATPase delta-subunit gene in Kluyveromyces lactis. Curr Genet 1998; 33:46-51. [PMID: 9472079 DOI: 10.1007/s002940050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kluyveromyces lactis is a petite-negative yeast that does not form viable mitochondrial genome-deletion mutants (petites) when treated with DNA-targeting drugs. Loss of mtDNA is lethal for this yeast but mutations at three loci termed MGI, for mitochondrial genome integrity, can suppress this lethality. The three loci encode the alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of mitochondrial F1-ATPase. In this study we report the isolation and characterization of the KlATPdelta gene encoding the delta-subunit of F1-ATPase. The deduced protein contains 158 amino acids showing 72% identity to the protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a putative mitochondrial targeting sequence of 23 amino acids. Disruption of the gene causes cells to become respiratory deficient while the introduction of ATPdelta from S. cerevisiae restores growth on glycerol. Cells with a disrupted ATPdelta gene, like strains with disruptions of alpha-, beta- and gamma-F1-subunits, do not produce petite mutants when treated with ethidium bromide. However, unlike strains with disruptions in the three largest F1-subunits, disruption of ATPdelta in the presence of some mgi alleles does not abolish the Mgi- phenotype. By contrast, elimination of ATPdelta in other mgi strains removes resistance to ethidium bromide and rho0 mutants are not formed. Hence the ATPdelta subunit of F1-ATPase, while not mandatory for a Mgi- phenotype, aids some mgi alleles in suppressing rho0 lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hansbro
- Molecular and Cellular Genetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, PO Box 475, Canberra City, ACT, 2601, Australia,
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O'Brien RO, Taske NL, Hansbro PM, Matthaei KI, Hogan SP, Denborough MA, Foster PS. Exclusion of defects in the skeletal muscle specific regions of the DHPR alpha 1 subunit as frequent causes of malignant hyperthermia. J Med Genet 1995; 32:913-4. [PMID: 8592342 PMCID: PMC1051750 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.11.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular defect predisposing to the majority of malignant hyperthermia (MH) cases is unknown, although various point mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) have been associated with susceptibility in a small proportion of cases. We report here that one of these, the Arg163Cys substitution, does not cosegregate with MH susceptibility. Comparison of cDNA sequences encoding the skeletal muscle specific components of the dihydropyridine receptor alpha 1 subunit between MH susceptible (MHS) and MH non-susceptible (MHN) patients was made in subjects without the reported MH linked RYR1 mutations. There were no differences within the sequence encoding the II-III loop or the IS3/IS3-IS4 segment, excluding defects in these functional segments of the alpha 1 subunit as frequent causes of MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O O'Brien
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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25
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Foster PS, Hogan SP, Hansbro PM, O'Brien R, Potter BV, Ozaki S, Denborough MA. The metabolism of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate by porcine skeletal muscle. Eur J Biochem 1994; 222:955-64. [PMID: 8026506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In soluble and particulate extracts from muscle D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] are metabolised stepwise to inositol. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is rapidly dephosphorylated to D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate then to D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate and finally inositol. In soluble extracts Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate then sequentially to D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate and inositol, while in particulate extracts D-myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate is the predominant inositol bisphosphate formed. Dephosphorylation of these inositol polyphosphates is Mg2+ dependent and inhibited by D-2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is also phosphorylated to form Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in soluble extracts by Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase. Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity is Mg2+ and ATP dependent and is stimulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. Particulate (sarcotubular) inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5-phosphatase) is found in membranes which are intimately involved in excitation-contraction coupling and the generation of the primary Ca2+ signal of muscle cells. Particulate 5-phosphatase had the highest specific activity in the transverse-tubule membrane, when compared to the terminal cisternae and longitudinal-tubule membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Particulate Ins(1,3,4,5)P4-3-phosphatase activity was also detected after fractionation of solubilised sarcotubular membranes by DEAE-Sephacel. Particulate 5-phosphatase activity was purified 25,600-fold to a specific activity of 25.6 mumol Ins(1,4,5)P3 hydrolysed.min-1.mg protein-1, after DEAE-Sephacel and novel affinity chromatography using D-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate/agarose and Sepharose-4B-immobilised Ins(1,4,5)P3-analog matrices. Purified particulate 5-phosphatase had apparent Km of 46.3 microM and 1.9 microM and Vmax of 115 and 0.046 mumol substrate hydrolysed.min-1.mg protein-1, for Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, respectively. In contrast, purified soluble type I 5-phosphatase had apparent Km of 8.9 microM and 1.1 microM and Vmax of 3.55 and 0.13 mumol substrate hydrolysed.min-1.mg protein-1, for Ins(1,4,5P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, respectively. As in other cells, muscle 5-phosphatases have a lower affinity, but a higher capacity to metabolise Ins(1,4,5)P3 than Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Soluble type I 5-phosphatase may have a functional role in the metabolism of both inositol polyphosphates, while particulate 5-phosphatase may primarily metabolise Ins(1,4,5)P3. Purified Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase had an apparent Km of 0.42 microM and a Vmax of 4.12 nmol Ins(1,4,5)P3 phosphorylated.min-1.mg protein-1. The profile of inositol polyphosphate metabolism in muscle is similar to that reported in other tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Foster
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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26
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Hansbro PM, Foster PS, Hogan SP, Ozaki S, Denborough MA. Purification and characterization of D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)/(1,3,4,5)- polyphosphate 5-phosphatase from skeletal muscle. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994; 311:47-54. [PMID: 8185320 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation we report the presence of two forms of inositol (1,4,5)P3/(1,3,4,5)P4-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity (types I and II) which were observed in soluble extracts of skeletal muscle after fractionation by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Hydrolysis of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate by both phosphatases was 5-phosphate-specific, Mg2+ ion-dependent and inhibited by D-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Soluble type I 5-phosphatase activity was purified 27,300-fold to a specific activity of 2.54 mumol of Ins(1,4,5)P3 hydrolyzed/min/mg protein after a combination of DEAE-Sephacel, Blue Sepharose, heparin-agarose and structural analogue affinity chromatography. Purified type I 5-phosphatase had an apparent mean Km of 8.9 and 1.1 microM and Vmax of 3.55 and 0.13 mumol of substrate hydrolyzed/min/mg protein for Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, respectively. Investigations on soluble type II 5-phosphatase after DEAE-Sephacel chromatography indicated an apparent Km of 71.4 microM Ins(1,4,5)P3 and an apparent molecular mass of 81 kDa. Soluble type I phosphatase has an apparent molecular mass of 48 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.8. Soluble type I 5-phosphatase has kinetic constants which suggest a role in the regulation of inositol polyphosphates at physiological concentrations. These results support a role for Ins(1,4,5)P3 in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hansbro
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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Abstract
The ability of the novel D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P 3] analogues, L-chiro-inositol 1,4,6-trisphosphate [L-chr Ins(1,4,6)P3] and the corresponding trisphosphorothioate compound [L-chr Ins(1,4,6)PS3] to inhibit soluble inositol (1,4,5)P3/(1,3,4,5)P4-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, potently and selectively, has been investigated. L-chr Ins(1,4,6)P3 competitively inhibited 5-phosphate specific dephosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] with apparent Ki values of 6.35 and 1.76 microM, respectively. L-chr Ins(1,4,6)PS3 competitively inhibited hydrolysis of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and noncompetitively inhibited dephosphorylation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 with apparent Ki values of 0.67 and 0.44 microM, respectively. L-chr Ins(1,4,6)PS3 did not affect Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity. In the present investigation L-chr Ins(1,4,6)P3 and L-chr Ins(1,4,6)PS3 have been shown to be the most potent and selective inhibitors of inositol polyphosphate metabolism yet described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hansbro
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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Hogan SP, Foster PS, Hansbro PM, Ozaki S, Denborough MA. Detection and partial purification of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase from porcine skeletal muscle. Cell Signal 1994; 6:233-43. [PMID: 8086287 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(94)90081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A myoplasmic 3-kinase was detected in porcine skeletal muscle that phosphorylated [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 [D-myo-inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate] to [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [D-myo-inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate]. The Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity was ATP- and Mg(2+)-dependent, and was activated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity was purified 2632-fold from soluble extracts of skeletal muscle by a combination of DEAE-Sephacel, heparin-Agarose and Ins(1,4,5)P3 structural-analogue affinity chromatography. The highest specific activity obtained was 10.6 nmol of Ins(1,4,5)P3 phosphorylated/min/mg protein. The partially purified enzyme had a mean Km and Vmax of 0.46 microM and 3.15 nmol/min/mg protein for Ins(1,4,5)P3 metabolism, respectively. After analytical gel filtration two forms of soluble Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase were observed with M(r) of 39,000 and 62,000. As in other cell types, muscle Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase was soluble, and had a higher affinity but a lower capacity to metabolize Ins(1,4,5)P3 in comparison to Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Hogan
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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Hansbro PM, Byard SJ, Bushby RJ, Turnbull PJ, Boden N, Saunders MR, Novelli R, Reid DG. The conformational behaviour of phosphatidylinositol in model membranes: 2H-NMR studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1112:187-96. [PMID: 1457451 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(92)90391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dimyristoylphosphatidylinositol (DMPI) has been synthesized with the appropriate natural stereochemistry and labelled with deuterium at specific sites in the D-myo-inositol headgroup. 2H-NMR spectroscopy of DMPI in its lamellar phase at a molar ratio of water-to-lipid RW/L of 129 and at 70 degrees C reveals quadrupolar splittings delta v of 3.83 and 2.17 kHz, respectively, for the five axially oriented C-D bonds and the single equatorially oriented C-D bond of the D-myo-inositol headgroup. Between RW/L ratios of 129 and 210 and between 30 degrees C and 80 degrees C the value of the ratio of these splittings delta nu ax/delta nu eq varies significantly (between 1.17 and 4.38). If it is assumed that, at a particular temperature, there is a single preferred orientation of the inositol headgroup, and that motion of the DPMI molecule establishes axial symmetry with respect to the bilayer normal then the ratio of these quadrupolar splittings can be used to impose constraints on that orientation. For example, the data are inconsistent with a situation in which the inositol ring lies parallel to the membrane surface and are difficult to reconcile with an arrangement where the inositol ring lies perpendicular to the surface. Computational modelling identifies four possible 'tilted' orientations, all of which are consistent with the data, and two of these allow good intramolecular hydrogen bonds to be formed. In one there is hydrogen bonding between the inositol C2-OH and the phosphate pro-R oxygen. This is close to the conformation previously identified as being dominant in DMSO solution (Bushby, R.J., Byard, S.J., Hansbro, P.M. and Reid, D.G. (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1044, 231-236).
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hansbro
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, UK
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Abstract
The temperature dependence of the 1H-NMR spectrum of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in d6-dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) shows that the hydroxy groups at C2 and at C6 of the inositol ring are internally hydrogen-bonded. This probably implies a trans/gauche conformation for the phosphate/inositol linkage. The presence of a trans phosphate-alkyl-oxygen bond is confirmed by 31P-NMR studies. If the conformation of PI in membranes is the same as that in DMSO solution, this implies that the inositol ring points out into the aqueous phase with its C1/C4 axis almost perpendicular to the membrane surface. Progress is also reported in attempts to characterise headgroup orientation and dynamics by 2H-NMR using deuterated synthetic PI, prepared by the route devised by Ward, J.G. and Young, R.C. (Tetrahedron Lett. 29 (1988) 6013-6016).
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bushby
- School of Chemistry, The University, Leeds
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