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Santos PA, da Silva Aguiar S, Barbosa LDMPF, Dos Santos Rosa T, Sales MM, Maciel LA, Lopes de Araújo Leite P, Gutierrez SD, Minuzzi LG, Sousa CV, Lewis JE, Simões HG. Relationship of Testosterone, LH, Estradiol, IGF-1, and SHBG with Physical Performance of Master Athletes. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37463231 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2212718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), estradiol (ES), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in master sprint (MS) and master endurance (ME) athletes. Additionally, the possible associations between these hormones, body composition, and lipid profile with athletic performance (% of performance in relation to the current world record) were analyzed. Materials and Methods: The participants were all men: (i) 34 MS (51.0 ± 6.8 years); and (ii) 32 ME (51.7 ± 9.4 years). Student's t-tests for independent samples were performed to compare all variables between groups. Results: MS had a significantly higher (p = .008) average IGF-1 (154.78 ± 29.85 ng/mL) when compared to ME (129.92 ± 25.48 ng/mL). Performance was significantly correlated with IGF-1 (r = 0.424). The MS group had a moderately lower body fat than ME athletes (MS 12.54 ± 4.07 vs. ME 14.60 ± 4.12; p = .078; d = 0.503). Conclusions: Thus, strength/power training exercise/sport seems to be more beneficial for obtaining a higher IGF-1 compared to aerobic/distance exercise/sport. In addition, LH, T, ES, and SHBG were similar between the two groups of athletes and were comparable to the reference values of younger adults.
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Maciel LA, Leite PLDA, Santos PA, Barbosa LP, Gutierrez SD, Deus LA, Araújo MC, Aguiar SDS, Rosa TS, Lewis JE, Simões HG. Intensity of Depression Symptoms Is Negatively Associated with Catalase Activity in Master Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4397. [PMID: 36901407 PMCID: PMC10002178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations between scores of depression (DEPs), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity (CAT) in master athletes and untrained controls. METHODS Participants were master sprinters (MS, n = 24; 50.31 ± 6.34 year), endurance runners (ER, n = 11; 51.35 ± 9.12 year), untrained middle-aged (CO, n = 13; 47.21 ± 8.61 year), and young untrained (YU, n = 15; 23.70 ± 4.02 year). CAT, SOD, and TBARS were measured in plasma using commercial kits. DEPs were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. An ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's, and Spearman's correlations were applied, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The CATs of MS and YU [760.4 U·μL 1 ± 170.1 U·μL 1 and 729.9 U·μL 1 ± 186.9 U·μL 1] were higher than CO and ER. The SOD levels in the YU and ER [84.20 U·mL-1 ± 8.52 U·mL-1 and 78.24 U·mL-1 ± 6.59 U·mL-1 (p < 0.0001)] were higher than CO and MS. The TBARS in CO [11.97 nmol·L-1 ± 2.35 nmol·L-1 (p < 0.0001)] was higher than in YU, MS and ER. MS had lower DEPs compared to the YU [3.60 ± 3.66 vs. 12.27 ± 9.27 (p = 0.0002)]. A negative correlation was found between CAT and DEPs for master athletes [r = -0.3921 (p = 0.0240)] and a weak correlation [r = -0.3694 (p = 0.0344)] was found between DEPs and the CAT/TBARS ratio. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the training model of master sprinters may be an effective strategy for increasing CAT and reducing DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Alves Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Sara Duarte Gutierrez
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristiane Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
| | - John E. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33316, USA
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
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Leite PLDA, Maciel LA, Santos PA, Barbosa LP, Gutierrez SD, Corrêa HDL, de Deus LA, Araújo MC, Aguiar SDS, Rosa TDS, Lewis JE, Simões HG. HIGHER SIRT1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH A BETTER BODY COMPOSITION IN MASTER SPRINTERS AND UNTRAINED PEERS. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36259465 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2138556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1 is an enzyme involved in several anti-aging pathways. Associations between Sirt1, age, and body fat (BF) were assessed in master sprinters (MS; n = 35; 50.25 ±5.93 yr.), untrained young non-athletes (UY; n = 32; 23.78 ±3.98 yr.), and untrained middle-aged (UMA; n = 24; 47.29 ±8.04 yr.). BF was assessed using a skinfold protocol, and Sirt1 was measured in plasma by using commercial kits. Sirt1 of MS (17.18 ±4.77 ng/mL) was higher than UMA (6.36 ±2.29 ng/mL; p<0.0001) and did not differ from UY (20.26 ±6.20 ng/mL). Relative BF of MS was lower than UMA (12.71 ±4.07% vs. 22.13 ±4.18%; p<0.0001). Sirt1 was negatively correlated with chronological age (r =-0.735; p<0.0001) when combining UY and UMA in the analysis. However, when Sirt1 of MS and UY were analyzed together, no significant relationship between Sirt1 and chronological age was observed (r= -0.243; p=0.083). Sirt1 correlated inversely with BF (r= -0.743; p<0.0001) for UY and UMA. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that being either a young or master athlete, as well as body adiposity, are possible predictors of Sirt1 levels. MS and UY were associated with higher levels of Sirt1, while UMA and increased BF were associated with lower levels of this enzyme. The relationships among Sirt1, BF, and chronological age of young and middle-aged non-athletes were not statistically significant when the middle-aged participants were MS. These findings suggest possible links between Sirt1 and body composition, which may play roles in the rate of biological aging.Highlights Lower levels of Sirt1 are associated with higher body fat.Master Athlete lifestyle seems to promote higher Sirt1 Levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Sara Duarte Gutierrez
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Lysleine Alves de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Araújo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education-Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - John E Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
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Barbosa LP, da Silva Aguiar S, Santos PA, Dos Santos Rosa T, Maciel LA, de Deus LA, Neves RVP, de Araújo Leite PL, Gutierrez SD, Sousa CV, Korhonen MT, Degens H, Simões HG. Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and testosterone levels in male master athletes and non-athletes. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111407. [PMID: 34022273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is often associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and reduced anabolic hormone levels. To investigate whether lifelong exercise training can decrease the age-related low-grade inflammation and anabolic hormone levels, we examined hormonal and inflammatory parameters among highly-trained male masters athletes and age-matched non-athletes. METHODS From 70 elite power and endurance master athletes - EMA (51.3 ± 8.0 yr), 32 young controls - YC (23.7 ± 3.9 yr) and 24 untrained age-matched controls - MAC (47.2 ± 8.0 yr) venous blood was drawn to measure inflammatory parameters (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and circulating hormones (luteinizing hormone [LH], total testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG] and free androgen index [FAI]). RESULTS EMA showed a better anti-inflammatory status than MAC (higher IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio and lower IL-6), but a lower anti-inflammatory status than YC (higher TNF-α) (p < 0.05). The MAC group had lower testosterone levels compared to the YC and EMA group (p < 0.05), and lower estradiol levels and testosterone/LH ratio compared to YC (p < 0.05). In the control groups (MAC and YC), testosterone correlated negatively with age and proinflammatory parameters, and positively with anti-inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION Elite master athletics elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines above that seen in non-athlete peers and mitigated the age-related reduction in testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil.
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, UDF University Center, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sara Duarte Gutierrez
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marko T Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil.
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de Macedo TA, Aguiar SDS, Sousa CV, Barbosa LP, Deus LA, Santos PA, Maciel LA, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B, Simões HG. Performance trends in Paralympic athletes in sprint, middle-distance and endurance events. Sport Sci Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santos PA, Sousa CV, da Silva Aguiar S, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT, Sales MM, dos Santos Rosa T, de Deus LA, Campbell CSG, de Sousa HG, Barbosa LD, Simões HG. Human Development Index and the frequency of nations in Athletics World Rankings. Sport Sci Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barbosa LP, Sousa CV, Sales MM, Olher RDR, Aguiar SS, Santos PA, Tiozzo E, Simões HG, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Celebrating 40 Years of Ironman: How the Champions Perform. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1019. [PMID: 30897812 PMCID: PMC6466240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine which discipline had the greater performance improvements in the history of Ironman triathlon in Hawaii and also which discipline had the greater influence in overall race time. Data from 1983 to 2018 of the top three women and men of each year who competed in the Ironman World Championship were included. In addition to exploratory data analyses, linear regressions between split times and years of achievement were performed. Further, a stepwise multiple linear regression was applied using total race time as the dependent variable and split times as the independent variables. Both women and men significantly improved their performances from 1983 to 2018 in the Ironman World Championship. Swimming had the largest difference in improvements between men and women (3.0% versus 12.1%, respectively). A negative and significant decrease in each discipline was identified for both women and men, with cycling being the discipline with the greatest reduction. The results from the stepwise multiple regression indicated that cycling was the discipline with the highest influence on overall race time for both sexes. Based on the findings of this study, cycling seems to be the Ironman triathlon discipline that most improved overall race times and is also the discipline with the greatest influence on the overall race time of elite men and women in the Ironman World Championship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, Brazil.
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
| | | | - Rafael Dos Reis Olher
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, 71966-700 Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sousa CV, Barbosa LP, Sales MM, Santos PA, Tiozzo E, Simões HG, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Cycling as the Best Sub-8-Hour Performance Predictor in Full Distance Triathlon. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E24. [PMID: 30669265 PMCID: PMC6359305 DOI: 10.3390/sports7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For any triathlon distance (short, Olympic, half-distance and full-distance), competitors spend more time cycling than swimming or running, but running has emerged as the discipline with the greatest influence on overall performance at the Olympic distance. However, there is a lack of evidence on which discipline has the greatest influence on performance in the overall full-distance triathlon (3.8 km swimming/180 km cycling/42.195 km running), especially for the fastest performing athletes of all time. The total race times of 51 fastest triathletes (sub-8-hour) were studied, while for the split times, a sample of 44 participants was considered. The discipline that seemed to better predict total race time was cycling (coefficient = 0.828; p < 0.001), followed by running (coefficient = 0.726; p < 0.001) and swimming (coefficient = 0.476; p < 0.001). Furthermore, cycling was the discipline with the highest performance improvement over the years, whereas running had a slightly decrease. In conclusion, cycling seems to be the discipline with greater influence in final result for the full-distance triathlon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Victor Sousa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Magalhães Sales
- Department of Physical Education, Goiás State University, Quirinopolis 75860-000, GO, Brazil.
| | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sales MM, de Sousa CV, de Paula Santana HA, Motta-Santos D, Barbosa LP, Santos PA, Rezende TMB, Browne RAV, de Andrade RV, Simões HG. Nitric oxide and blood pressure responses to short-term resistance training in adults with and without type-2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Sport Sci Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Deus LA, Sousa CV, Rosa TS, Filho JMS, Santos PA, Barbosa LD, Silva Aguiar S, Souza LHR, Simões HG. Heart rate variability in middle-aged sprint and endurance athletes. Physiol Behav 2018; 205:39-43. [PMID: 30389479 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with decreased autonomic balance which could be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Exercise training improves autonomic balance, but there is a lack in the literature regarding the heart rate variability (HRV) of master sprinters and endurance athletes. PURPOSE The effects of lifelong endurance and sprint training on cardiac autonomic balance were assessed in master athletes and compared with age-matched controls and young untrained controls. METHODS Participants (n = 81) were 8 master sprinters (MS; 51.8 ± 11.1 yrs), 8 master endurance athletes (EN, n = 8, 53.6 ± 8.6 yrs), 17 age-matched untrained (CON, 47.47 ± 6.00 yrs) and 48 young controls (YC, 25.40 ± 3.87 yrs). For the acquisition of RR intervals (iRR) (Polar RS800X Heart Rate Monitor®) the participants remained seated for 15-min with the final 10-min being considered for analysis. HRV was measured using Kubios software. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was applied. RESULTS All studied parameters did not differ between MS and EN {Time Domain [HR (bpm) 59.00 ± 6.13 vs. 58.94 ± 12.75], [R-R (ms) 1030.45 ± 107.45 vs. 1068.77 ± 206.17], [SDNN (ms) 57.35 ± 20.07 vs. 80.66 ± 71.07], [RMSSD (ms) 40.88 ± 20.07 vs. 38.93 ± 20.44]; Non-linear domain [SD1 (ms) 28.93 ± 14.20 vs. 27.56 ± 14.46]}, whose demonstrated a reduced HR and elevated mean R-R intervals in comparison to both YC {[HR (bpm) 69.64 ± 9.81]; [R-R (ms) 883.93 ± 124.11]} and age-matched controls {[HR (bpm) 70.06 ± 6.63]; [R-R (ms) 865.11 ± 78.39]}. It was observed a lower HRV for middle-aged CON {[RMSSD (ms) 20.23 ± 5.87], [SDNN (ms) 37.79 ± 10.15] and [SD1 (ms) 14.31 ± 4.15]} compared to YC {[RMSSD (ms) 43.33 ± 26.41], [SDNN (ms) 67.07 ± 28.77] and [SD1 (ms) 30.66 ± 18.69; p < .05]}. These last age-related differences were not observed for MS and EN. CONCLUSION For master athletes, regardless of whether they are trained in endurance or sprinters, both training modes revealed to be equally beneficial in attenuating the effects of aging on the autonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Duarte Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Samuel Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Rodrigues Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil; Physical Education Department, Bahia State University, Bahia, Brazil
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Santos MJB, Pandorfi H, Rabello CBV, Silva EP, Torres TR, Santos PA, Morril WB, Duarte NM. Performance of free-range chickens reared in production modules enriched with shade net and perches. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2014000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MJB Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - H Pandorfi
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - CBV Rabello
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - EP Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - TR Torres
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - PA Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - WB Morril
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - NM Duarte
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Brasileiro BP, Silva SA, Souza DR, Santos PA, Oliveira RS, Lyra DH. Genetic diversity and selection gain in the physic nut (Jatropha curcas). Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:2341-50. [PMID: 23315871 DOI: 10.4238/2013.january.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The use of efficient breeding methods depends on knowledge of genetic control of traits to be improved. We estimated genetic parameters, selection gain, and genetic diversity in physic nut half-sib families, in order to provide information for breeding programs of this important biofuel species. The progeny test included 20 half-sib families in 4 blocks and 10 plants per plot. The mean progeny heritability values were: 50% for number of bunches, 47% for number of fruits, 35% for number of seeds, 6% for stem diameter, 26% for number of primary branches, 14% for number of secondary branches, 66% for plant height, and 25% for survival of the plants, demonstrating good potential for early selection in plant height, number of branches, and number of fruits per plant. In the analysis of genetic diversity, genotypes were divided into 4 groups. Genotypes 18, 19, 20, and 8 clustered together and presented the highest means for the vegetative and production. Lower means were observed in the 17, 12, 13, and 9 genotypes from the same group. We detected genetic variability in this population, with high heritability estimates and accuracy, demonstrating the possibility of obtaining genetic gains for vegetative characters and production at 24 months after planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Brasileiro
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
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13
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Pedro LG, Santos PA, da Silva JA, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, Deans SG, Looman A, Scheffer JJ. Essential oils from Azorean Laurus azorica. Phytochemistry 2001; 57:245-250. [PMID: 11382240 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The essential oils isolated from leaves of ten and from unripe berries of eight populations of Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco, collected on five islands of the Azorean archipelago, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. All oil samples were dominated by their monoterpene fraction (60-94%), alpha-pinene (15-37%) and 1,8-cineole (12-31%) being the main components of the leaf oils, while trans-beta-ocimene (27-45%) and alpha-pinene (12-22%) were the main components of the oils from the berries. The sesquiterpene fractions of the oils ranged from 3 to 17% and the main components were beta-caryophyllene (traces-8%) and beta-elemene (traces-3%) both in the leaf and berry oils. Some phenylpropanoid components were also present, in total amounting to 17%, trans-cinnamyl acetate (215% of the leaf oils) being the main component of this fraction. Cluster analysis of the enantiomeric composition of alpha- and beta-pinene in the oils from the leaves clearly showed two groups, one constituted by the two populations growing on the island S. Jorge, and the other constituted by the remaining populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Pedro
- Centro de Biotenologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Pereira SI, Santos PA, Barroso JG, Figueiredo AC, Pedro LG, Salgueiro LR, Deans SG, Scheffer JJ. Chemical polymorphism of the essential oils from populations of Thymus caespititius grown on the island S. Jorge (Azores). Phytochemistry 2000; 55:241-246. [PMID: 11142850 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The compositions of the essential oils obtained from ten populations of Thymus caespititius grown on S. Jorge (Azores) were studied by GC and GC-MS. All the oils analysed were dominated by their monoterpene fraction (69-9%). The sesquiterpene fraction was rather small (4-17%) and consisted mainly of oxygen-containing compounds (3-13%). Enantiomeric ratio of sabinene and alpha-terpineol was investigated in the oils from some populations. (+)-Sabinene was detected with high enatiomeric purity (96 99%). Although ( +)-alpha terpineol was the predominant enantiomer, its purity varied considerably (66-97%). Cluster analysis of all identified components grouped the oils into four main clusters that corresponded with their major components: alpha-terpineol (43-68%), carvacrol (32-52%), thymol (44-58%) and sabinene (41%). The essential oil from Th. caespititius showed a clear chemical polymorphism, that was particularly evident among four populations growing along a 200 m distance at Pico Verde.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Pereira
- Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Martinez CA, Waisberg J, Palma RT, Bromberg SH, Castro MA, Santos PA. Gastric necrosis and perforation as a complication of splenectomy. Case report and related references. Arq Gastroenterol 2000; 37:227-30. [PMID: 11460603 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032000000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis of the stomach after isolated splenectomy with the formation of gastrocutaneous fistula is a rare event that occurs in less than 1% of splenectomies. It is more frequent when the removal of the spleen is done because of hematological diseases. Its mortality index can reach 60% and its pathogenesis is controversial, as it may be attributed both to direct trauma of the gastric wall and to ischemic phenomena. Although the stomach may exhibit exuberant arterial blood irrigation, anatomical variations can cause a predisposition towards the appearance of potentially ischemic areas, especially after ligation of the short gastric vessels around the major curvature of the stomach. Once this is diagnosed in the immediate postoperative period, it becomes imperative to reoperate. The surgical procedure will depend on the conditions of the peritoneal cavity and patient's clinic status. The objective of this study was to report on the case of a patient submitted to splenectomy because of closed abdominal traumatism, who then presented peritonitis and percutaneous gastric fistula in the post-operative period. During the second operation, perforations were identified in anterior gastric wall where there had been signs of vascular stress. The lesion was sutured after revival of its borders, and the patient had good evolution. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment of this unusual complication are needed to reduce its high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martinez
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Costa E, Lopes AA, Sacramento E, Santos PA. Massive ocular hemorrhage resulting in blindness in a patient with the sickle cell trait who developed leptospirosis. Case report. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2000; 42:287-9. [PMID: 11058940 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652000000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the findings of a 18 year-old black male from Bahia, a Northeastern state in Brazil, with the sickle cell trait, who developed bilateral hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage with blindness in the course of leptospirosis. The patient started to complain of blurred vision four days after the start of fever and muscular pain and approximately twelve hours after the introduction of penicillin. The severity of the leptospirosis in conjunction with sickle cell trait was considered to be the most likely explanation for this ocular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Costa
- Department of Medicine, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Barreto ML, Santos LM, Assis AM, Araújo MP, Farenzena GG, Santos PA, Fiaccone RL. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in young children in Brazil. Lancet 1994; 344:228-31. [PMID: 7913157 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A beneficial effect of periodic vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality has been demonstrated, but the effect on morbidity is less clear. We investigated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower-respiratory-tract infections (ALRI) in children from northeastern Brazil in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial. 1240 children aged 6-48 months were assigned vitamin A or placebo every 4 months for 1 year. They were followed up at home three times a week, and data about the occurrence and severity of diarrhoea and ALRI were collected. Any child with cough and respiratory rate above 40 breaths per min was visited by a paediatrician. The overall incidence of diarrhoea episodes was significantly lower in the vitamin-A-supplemented group than in the placebo group (18.42 vs 19.58 x 10(-3) child-days; rate ratio 0.94 [95% Cl 0.90-0.98]). The benefit of supplementation was greater as regards severe episodes of diarrhoea; the incidence was 20% lower in the vitamin A group than in the placebo group (rate ratio 0.80 [0.65-0.98]). With the standard definition of diarrhoea (> or = 3 liquid or semi-liquid stools in 24 h) the effect of vitamin A on mean daily prevalence did not reach significance, but as the definition of diarrhoea was made more stringent (increasing number of stools per day), a significant benefit became apparent, reaching for diarrhoea with 6 or more liquid or semi-liquid stools in 24 h a 23% lower prevalence. We found no effect of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of ALRI. The reduction in severity of diarrhoea may be the most important factor in the lowering of mortality by vitamin A supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Barreto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Bahla, Brazil
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Santos PA, Cescato L, Frejlich J. Interference-term real-time measurement for self-stabilized two-wave mixing in photorefractive crystals. Opt Lett 1988; 13:1014-1016. [PMID: 19746110 DOI: 10.1364/ol.13.001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the real-time direct interference-term measurement for a two-wave-mixing experiment in photorefractive crystals. Knowledge of the interference term may provide information concerning diffraction efficiency, interference pattern-to-recorded hologram phase shift, and optical activity and anisotropic diffraction properties of these materials. This method comprises phase modulation of one of the interfering beams and synchronous detection of the first and second harmonics in the resulting output irradiance modulation. Simultaneous detection of both harmonics enables the measurement to be made even in strongly perturbed conditions, since one harmonic is used for measuring and the other is used for operating Bi(12)TiO(20) are reported.
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