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Leite-Silva PR, Pinheiro RS, Barbosa-Ferreira JMB, Balieiro A, Sabidó M, Lacerda MVG, Chaves YO, Nogueira PA, Benzaken AS. Bone mass, fracture risk, and associated factors in postmenopausal women living with HIV. Menopause 2024; 31:46-51. [PMID: 38113435 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis), the factors associated with low bone mass, and the risk of fractures in Brazilian postmenopausal women living with HIV (WLH) in the Amazon region. METHODS This is a cohort study with a cross-sectional assessment at baseline conducted between March 2021 to August 2022 with 100 postmenopausal WLH undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 45 and 60 years of age and 100 age-matched HIV-negative women. Data on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were collected using dual x-ray absorptiometry and the 10-year risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures was assessed using the Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX). RESULTS The age of menopause onset occurred earlier in WLH ( P < 0.001). No differences in prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in LS and FN were observed except for a lower T score in FN in WLH ( P = 0.039). The FRAX for major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture were low in both groups, despite the mean of both FRAX scores was higher in WLH ( P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that years since menopause onset, higher body mass index and higher FRAX major osteoporotic fracture were associated with the WLH group, while a higher frequency of physical activity was registered in the HIV-negative group. Multivariate analysis also showed that in WLH, a lower T score in FN was associated with years since menopause onset and body mass index and that the number of years since menopause onset was associated with a lower T score in the LS and a higher score in the FRAX hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a high prevalence of low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in Brazilian postmenopausal women from the Amazon region. Women living with HIV have higher FRAX scores than HIV-negative women and a lower T score in the FN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca S Pinheiro
- Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal doAmazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Deusdará TT, Félix MKC, de S Brito H, Cangussu EWS, de S Moura W, Albuquerque B, Silva MG, Dos Santos GR, de Morais PB, da Silva EF, Chaves YO, Mariúba LAM, Nogueira PA, Astolfi-Filho S, Assunção EN, Epiphanio S, Marinho CRF, Brandi IV, Viana KF, Oliveira EE, Cangussu ASR. Using an Aluminum Hydroxide–Chitosan Matrix Increased the Vaccine Potential and Immune Response of Mice against Multi-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030669. [PMID: 36992253 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, immobile, aerobic nosocomial opportunistic coccobacillus that causes pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections in immunosuppressed patients. There are no commercially available alternative antimicrobials, and multi-drug resistance is an urgent concern that requires emergency measures and new therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated a multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii whole-cell vaccine, inactivated and adsorbed on an aluminum hydroxide–chitosan (mAhC) matrix, in an A. baumannii sepsis model in immunosuppressed mice by cyclophosphamide (CY). CY-treated mice were divided into immunized, non-immunized, and adjuvant-inoculated groups. Three vaccine doses were given at 0D, 14D, and 28D, followed by a lethal dose of 4.0 × 108 CFU/mL of A. baumannii. Immunized CY-treated mice underwent a significant humoral response, with the highest IgG levels and a higher survival rate (85%); this differed from the non-immunized CY-treated mice, none of whom survived (p < 0.001), and from the adjuvant group, with 45% survival (p < 0.05). Histological data revealed the evident expansion of white spleen pulp from immunized CY-treated mice, whereas, in non-immunized and adjuvanted CY-treated mice, there was more significant organ tissue damage. Our results confirmed the proof-of-concept of the immune response and vaccine protection in a sepsis model in CY-treated mice, contributing to the advancement of new alternatives for protection against A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túllio T Deusdará
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Mellanie K C Félix
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Helio de S Brito
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Edson W S Cangussu
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77425-000, TO, Brazil
| | - Wellington de S Moura
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Benedito Albuquerque
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77425-000, TO, Brazil
| | - Marcos G Silva
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77425-000, TO, Brazil
| | - Gil R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77425-000, TO, Brazil
| | - Paula B de Morais
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
| | - Elizangela F da Silva
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil
| | - Yury O Chaves
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil
| | - Luis Andre M Mariúba
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil
| | - Spartaco Astolfi-Filho
- Laboratory of DNA Technology, Biotechnology Department, Multidisciplinary Support Center, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
| | - Enedina N Assunção
- Laboratory of DNA Technology, Biotechnology Department, Multidisciplinary Support Center, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor V Brandi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39400-310, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biotchnology, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Kelvinson F Viana
- Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Nature, Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu 85866-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Eugenio E Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77425-000, TO, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander R Cangussu
- Graduate Program for Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77425-000, TO, Brazil
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Ferreira NS, Mathias JLS, Albuquerque SRL, Almeida ACG, Dantas AC, Anselmo FC, Lima ES, Lacerda MVG, Nogueira PA, Ramasawmy R, Gonçalves MS, Moura Neto JP. Duffy blood system and G6PD genetic variants in vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Malar J 2022; 21:144. [PMID: 35527254 PMCID: PMC9080172 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over a third of the world’s population is at risk of Plasmodium vivax-induced malaria. The unique aspect of the parasite’s biology and interactions with the human host make it harder to control and eliminate the disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and Duffy-negative blood groups are two red blood cell (RBC) variations that can confer protection against malaria. Methods Molecular genotyping of G6PD and Duffy variants was performed in 225 unrelated patients (97 with uncomplicated and 128 with severe vivax malaria) recruited at a Reference Centre for Infectious Diseases in Manaus. G6PD and Duffy variants characterizations were performed using Real Time PCR (qPCR) and PCR–RFLP, respectively. Results The Duffy blood group system showed a phenotypic distribution Fy(a + b−) of 70 (31.1%), Fy(a + b +) 96 (42.7%), Fy(a−b +) 56 (24.9%) and Fy(a−b−) 1 (0.44%.) The genotype FY*A/FY*B was predominant in both uncomplicated (45.3%) and severe malaria (39.2%). Only one Duffy phenotype Fy(a-b) was found and this involved uncomplicated vivax malaria. The G6PD c.202G > A variant was found in 11 (4.88%) females and 18 (8.0%) males, while c.376A > G was found in 20 females (8.88%) and 23 (10.22%) male patients. When combined GATA mutated and c.202G > A and c.376A > G mutated, was observed at a lower frequency in uncomplicated (3.7%) in comparison to severe malaria (37.9%). The phenotype Fy(a−b +) (p = 0.022) with FY*B/FY*B (p = 0.015) genotype correlated with higher parasitaemia. Conclusions A high prevalence of G6PD c202G > A and c.376A > G and Duffy variants is observed in Manaus, an endemic area for vivax malaria. In addition, this study reports for the first time the Duffy null phenotype Fy(a-b-) in the population of the Amazonas state. Moreover, it is understood that the relationship between G6PD and Duffy variants can modify clinical symptoms in malaria caused by P. vivax and this deserves to be further investigated and explored among this population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04165-y.
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Cangussu ASR, Mariúba LAM, Lalwani P, Pereira KDES, Astolphi-Filho S, Orlandi PP, Epiphanio S, Viana KF, Ribeiro MFB, Silva HM, Marinho CRF, Nogueira PA. A hybrid protein containing MSP1a repeats and Omp7, Omp8 and Omp9 epitopes protect immunized BALB/c mice against anaplasmosis. Vet Res 2018; 49:6. [PMID: 29351812 PMCID: PMC5775529 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale) has a remarkable impact on livestock production, and an effective vaccine is not currently available due to the inexistence of a small animal model. Recently, BALB/c mice were successfully infected with A. marginale, resulting in an acute and persistent anaplasmosis infection. Here, we designed a hybrid protein containing repeats of polypeptide 1a from major surface protein-1 complex (MSP1a) repeats and common epitopes of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) OMP7, OMP8 and OMP9 expressed in Escherichia coli. Our proof-of-concept assessed vaccinal effectiveness against a challenge with live bacteria. The MSP1a/OMP7/8/9 immunized BALB/C mice exhibited a strong reduction in rickettsemia and had no signs of anaplasmosis or hepatic lesions. In contrast, the non-immunized mice exhibited signs of anaplasmosis and a body weight loss associated with increases in monocyte and neutrophil counts. Furthermore, the non-immunized mice displayed atrophies with chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the spleen and increased binucleation and hydropic degeneration in the hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrated that immunization with our hybrid protein induced a strong reduction in rickettsemia and conferred protection against anaplasmosis. Therefore, given the strong evidence of the protective effect against anaplasmosis, hybrid protein designs are potential candidates for the rational design of vaccinal subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sander R Cangussu
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Programa de pós-graduação em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Manaus, AM/Brasil, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO/Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Luis André M Mariúba
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | | | - Spartaco Astolphi-Filho
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Programa de pós-graduação em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Manaus, AM/Brasil, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Orlandi
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Kelvison F Viana
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Mucio Flavio B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Hidelberto M Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Unirg, Gurupi, Tocantins/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
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Cassiano GC, Furini AAC, Capobianco MP, Storti-Melo LM, Almeida ME, Barbosa DRL, Póvoa MM, Nogueira PA, Machado RLD. Immunogenetic markers associated with a naturally acquired humoral immune response against an N-terminal antigen of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP-1). Malar J 2016; 15:306. [PMID: 27255376 PMCID: PMC4891883 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Humoral immune responses against proteins of asexual blood-stage malaria parasites have been associated with clinical immunity. However, variations in the antibody-driven responses may be associated with a genetic component of the human host. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of co-stimulatory molecule gene polymorphisms of the immune system on the magnitude of the humoral immune response against a Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate antigen. Methods Polymorphisms in the CD28, CTLA4, ICOS, CD40, CD86 and BLYS genes of 178 subjects infected with P. vivax in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The levels of IgM, total IgG and IgG subclasses specific for ICB2-5, i.e., the N-terminal portion of P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP-1), were determined by enzyme-linked immuno assay. The associations between the polymorphisms and the antibody response were assessed by means of logistic regression models. Results After correcting for multiple testing, the IgG1 levels were significantly higher in individuals recessive for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3116496 in CD28 (p = 0.00004). Furthermore, the interaction between CD28 rs35593994 and BLYS rs9514828 had an influence on the IgM levels (p = 0.0009). Conclusions The results of the present study support the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the genes of co-stimulatory components of the immune system can contribute to a natural antibody-driven response against P. vivax antigens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1350-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Skin, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana A C Furini
- Department of Skin, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela P Capobianco
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Skin, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Storti-Melo
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Maria E Almeida
- Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Danielle R L Barbosa
- Laboratory of Malaria Basic Research, Division of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marinete M Póvoa
- Laboratory of Malaria Basic Research, Division of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L D Machado
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Skin, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Malaria Basic Research, Division of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Pieri FA, Vargas TF, Galvão NN, Nogueira PA, Orlandi PP. Phenotypic and Molecular Aspects of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Hospitalized Patients and Beef in the Brazilian Amazon. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:128-34. [PMID: 26824600 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and compare Staphylococcus spp. isolated from hospitalized patients and beef marketed in the city of Porto Velho-RO, Brazil. The isolates were subjected to antibiogram tests, adherence capacity tests, detection of the mecA gene, and epidemiological investigation by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, using the primers M13 and H12. Among the 123 Staphylococcus spp. isolates, 50 were identified as S. aureus and 73 as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; among the latter, 7 species were identified. It was observed that the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates showed greater adhesion ability than S. aureus. The profile of antimicrobial susceptibility was different among isolates, all of which were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid, and had high penicillin resistance rates, varying according to the bacterial class and the source. In this study, all strains were negative for mecA gene detection; however, 36% of S. aureus and 17% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were resistant to oxacillin. The genetic relationship of these bacteria, analyzed by RAPD, was able to discriminate the species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains of S. aureus along its origin. It was concluded that the isolates of Staphylococcus spp. derived from beef and human infections differ genetically. Thus, it is suggested that isolates from beef, which were grouped within hospital isolates, were probably carried via contact with beef in hospital professionals or patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Pieri
- 1 Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora , Campus Avançado Governador Valadares, UFJF-GV, Governador Valadares-MG, Brasil
| | - Taise F Vargas
- 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia , UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brasil
| | - Newton N Galvão
- 3 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia , UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brasil
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- 4 Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Amazônia, Manaus-AM, Brasil
| | - Patrícia P Orlandi
- 4 Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Amazônia, Manaus-AM, Brasil
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Castro D, Cordeiro IB, Taquita P, Eberlin MN, Garcia JS, Souza GHMF, Arruda MAZ, Andrade EV, Filho SA, Crainey JL, Lozano LL, Nogueira PA, Orlandi PP. Proteomic analysis of Chromobacterium violaceum and its adaptability to stress. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:272. [PMID: 26627076 PMCID: PMC4666173 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) occurs abundantly in a variety of ecosystems, including ecosystems that place the bacterium under stress. This study assessed the adaptability of C. violaceum by submitting it to nutritional and pH stresses and then analyzing protein expression using bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and Maldi mass spectrometry. Results Chromobacterium violaceum grew best in pH neutral, nutrient-rich medium (reference conditions); however, the total protein mass recovered from stressed bacteria cultures was always higher than the total protein mass recovered from our reference culture. The diversity of proteins expressed (repressed by the number of identifiable 2-DE spots) was seen to be highest in the reference cultures, suggesting that stress reduces the overall range of proteins expressed by C. violaceum. Database comparisons allowed 43 of the 55 spots subjected to Maldi mass spectrometry to be characterized as containing a single identifiable protein. Stress-related expression changes were noted for C. violaceum proteins related to the previously characterized bacterial proteins: DnaK, GroEL-2, Rhs, EF-Tu, EF-P; MCP, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, Arginine deiminase and the ATP synthase β-subunit protein as well as for the ribosomal protein subunits L1, L3, L5 and L6. The ability of C. violaceum to adapt its cellular mechanics to sub-optimal growth and protein production conditions was well illustrated by its regulation of ribosomal protein subunits. With the exception of the ribosomal subunit L3, which plays a role in protein folding and maybe therefore be more useful in stressful conditions, all the other ribosomal subunit proteins were seen to have reduced expression in stressed cultures. Curiously, C. violeaceum cultures were also observed to lose their violet color under stress, which suggests that the violacein pigment biosynthetic pathway is affected by stress. Conclusions Analysis of the proteomic signatures of stressed C. violaceum indicates that nutrient-starvation and pH stress can cause changes in the expression of the C. violaceum receptors, transporters, and proteins involved with biosynthetic pathways, molecule recycling, energy production. Our findings complement the recent publication of the C. violeaceum genome sequence and could help with the future commercial exploitation of C. violeaceum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0606-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Castro
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Bezerra Cordeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Paula Taquita
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jerusa Simone Garcia
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory PO and Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edmar V Andrade
- Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Spartaco A Filho
- Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, 3578 Djalma Batista Av., 69050-010, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - J Lee Crainey
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Luis Lopez Lozano
- Biotechnology Laboratory/ Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000 Rodrigo Octávio Av., 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia P Orlandi
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - ILMD- Fiocruz, 476 Teresina St., 69057-070, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Souza-Silva FA, Torres LM, Santos-Alves JR, Tang ML, Sanchez BAM, Sousa TN, Fontes CJF, Nogueira PA, Rocha RS, Brito CFA, Adams JH, Kano FS, Carvalho LH. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) polymorphisms and its involvement in acquisition of inhibitory anti-duffy binding protein II (DBPII) immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93782. [PMID: 24710306 PMCID: PMC3977910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) and its erythrocytic receptor, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), are involved in the major P. vivax erythrocyte invasion pathway. An open cohort study to analyze DARC genotypes and their relationship to PvDBP immune responses was carried out in 620 volunteers in an agricultural settlement of the Brazilian Amazon. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted at 6-month intervals, comprising 395, 410, and 407 subjects, respectively. The incidence rates of P. vivax infection was 2.32 malaria episodes per 100 person-months under survey (95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.92-2.80/100 person-month) and, of P. falciparum, 0.04 per 100 person-months (95% CI of 0.007-0.14/100 person-month). The distribution of DARC genotypes was consistent with the heterogeneous ethnic origins of the Amazon population, with a predominance of non-silent DARC alleles: FY*A > FY*B. The 12-month follow-up study demonstrated no association between DARC genotypes and total IgG antibodies as measured by ELISA targeting PvDBP (region II, DBPII or regions II-IV, DBPII-IV). The naturally acquired DBPII specific binding inhibitory antibodies (BIAbs) tended to be more frequent in heterozygous individuals carrying a DARC-silent allele (FY*BES). These results provide evidence that DARC polymorphisms may influence the naturally acquired inhibitory anti-Duffy binding protein II immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia A. Souza-Silva
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Letícia M. Torres
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jessica R. Santos-Alves
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Michaelis Loren Tang
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Tais N. Sousa
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Cor J. F. Fontes
- Julio Müller University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Paulo A. Nogueira
- Centro de Pesquisas Leônidas & Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Roberto S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Cristiana F. A. Brito
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - John H. Adams
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Flora S. Kano
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luzia H. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Lopes SCP, Albrecht L, Carvalho BO, Siqueira AM, Thomson-Luque R, Nogueira PA, Fernandez-Becerra C, Del Portillo HA, Russell BM, Rénia L, Lacerda MVG, Costa FTM. Paucity of Plasmodium vivax mature schizonts in peripheral blood is associated with their increased cytoadhesive potential. J Infect Dis 2014; 209:1403-7. [PMID: 24415786 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is now a growing body of evidence that challenges the current view that Plasmodium vivax-infected erythrocyte (Pv-iE) are unable to sequester. Here we used ex vivo adhesion assays with Pv-iE before and after maturation to demonstrate a higher binding potential of schizonts compared to other asexual stages. These experimental results are correlated with our observations in a panel of 50 vivax malaria patients where schizonts were completely absent in 27 isolates, and few schizonts were observed in the remaining patients. These observations prompt a paradigm shift in P. vivax biology and open avenues to investigate the role of Pv-iE sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie C P Lopes
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Nogueira PA, Batista BC, Faria RB, Varela H. The effect of temperature on the dynamics of a homogeneous oscillatory system operated in batch and under flow. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dependence of the oscillation frequency on the temperature under flow and batch regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruno C. Batista
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Roberto B. Faria
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Varela
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
- D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Cordeiro IB, Castro DP, Nogueira PPO, Angelo PCS, Nogueira PA, Gonçalves JFC, Pereira AMRF, Garcia JS, Souza GHMF, Arruda MAZ, Eberlin MN, Astolfi-Filho S, Andrade EV, López-Lozano JL. Electrophoresis and spectrometric analyses of adaptation-related proteins in thermally stressed Chromobacterium violaceum. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:5057-71. [PMID: 24301767 DOI: 10.4238/2013.october.29.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative proteobacteria found in water and soil; it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, such as the Amazon rainforest. We examined protein expression changes that occur in C. violaceum at different growth temperatures using electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The total number of spots detected was 1985; the number ranged from 99 to 380 in each assay. The proteins that were identified spectrometrically were categorized as chaperones, proteins expressed exclusively under heat stress, enzymes involved in the respiratory and fermentation cycles, ribosomal proteins, and proteins related to transport and secretion. Controlling inverted repeat of chaperone expression and inverted repeat DNA binding sequences, as well as regions recognized by sigma factor 32, elements involved in the genetic regulation of the bacterial stress response, were identified in the promoter regions of several of the genes coding proteins, involved in the C. violaceum stress response. We found that 30 °C is the optimal growth temperature for C. violaceum, whereas 25, 35, and 40 °C are stressful temperatures that trigger the expression of chaperones, superoxide dismutase, a probable small heat shock protein, a probable phasing, ferrichrome-iron receptor protein, elongation factor P, and an ornithine carbamoyltransferase catabolite. This information improves our comprehension of the mechanisms involved in stress adaptation by C. violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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12
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Versiani FG, Almeida MEM, Melo GC, Versiani FOL, Orlandi PP, Mariúba LAM, Soares LA, Souza LP, da Silva Balieiro AA, Monteiro WM, Costa FTM, del Portillo HA, Lacerda MVG, Nogueira PA. High levels of IgG3 anti ICB2-5 in Plasmodium vivax-infected individuals who did not develop symptoms. Malar J 2013; 12:294. [PMID: 23977965 PMCID: PMC3844576 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax has the potential to infect 2.85 billion individuals worldwide. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies investigating the immune status of individuals living in malaria-endemic areas, as well as the lack of reports investigating serological markers associated with clinical protection, has hampered development of vaccines for P. vivax. It was previously demonstrated that naturally total IgG against the N-terminus of P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (Pv-MSP1) was associated with reduced risk of malarial infection. Methods Immune response against Pv-MSP1 (N-terminus) of 313 residents of the Rio Pardo rural settlement (Amazonas State, Brazil) was evaluated in a cross-sectional and longitudinal follow up over two months (on site) wherein gold standard diagnosis by thick blood smear and rRNA gene-based nested real-time PCR were used to discriminate symptomless Plasmodium vivax-infected individuals who did not develop clinical symptoms during a 2-months from those uninfected ones or who have had acute malaria. The acquisition of antibodies against Pv-MSP1 was also evaluated as survival analysis by prospective study over a year collecting information of new malaria infections in surveillance database. Results The majority of P. vivax-infected individuals (52-67%) showed immune recognition of the N-terminus of Pv-MSP1. Interesting data on infected individuals who have not developed symptoms, total IgG levels against the N-terminus Pv-MSP1 were age-dependent and the IgG3 levels were significantly higher than levels of subjects had acute malaria or those uninfected ones. The total IgG anti ICB2-5 was detected to be an important factor of protection against new malaria vivax attacks in survival analysis in a prospective survey (p = 0.029). Conclusions The study findings illustrate the importance of IgG3 associated to 2-months of symptomless in P. vivax infected individuals and open perspectives for the rationale of malaria vaccine designs capable to sustain high levels of IgG3 against polymorphic malaria antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Versiani
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz, Rua Teresina 476, 69057-070 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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13
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Coelho HCC, Lopes SCP, Pimentel JPD, Nogueira PA, Costa FTM, Siqueira AM, Melo GC, Monteiro WM, Malheiro A, Lacerda MVG. Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria is related to platelets phagocytosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63410. [PMID: 23723981 PMCID: PMC3665752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although thrombocytopenia is a hematological disorder commonly reported in malarial patients, its mechanisms are still poorly understood, with only a few studies focusing on the role of platelets phagocytosis. Methods and Findings Thirty-five malaria vivax patients and eight healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in the study. Among vivax malaria patients, thrombocytopenia (<150,000 platelets/µL) was found in 62.9% (22/35). Mean platelet volume (MPV) was higher in thrombocytopenic patients as compared to non- thrombocytopenic patients (p = 0.017) and a negative correlation was found between platelet count and MPV (r = −0.483; p = 0.003). Platelets from HV or patients were labeled with 5-chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate (CMFDA), incubated with human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and platelet phagocytosis index was analyzed by flow cytometry. The phagocytosis index was higher in thrombocytopenic patients compared to non-thrombocytopenic patients (p = 0.042) and HV (p = 0.048). A negative correlation was observed between platelet count and phagocytosis index (r = −0.402; p = 0.016). Platelet activation was assessed measuring the expression of P-selectin (CD62-P) in platelets’ surface by flow cytometry. No significant difference was found in the expression of P-selectin between thrombocytopenic patients and HV (p = 0.092). After evaluating the cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17) in the patients’ sera, levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ were elevated in malaria patients compared to HV. Moreover, IL-6 and IL-10 values were higher in thrombocytopenic patients than non-thrombocytopenic ones (p = 0.044 and p = 0.017, respectively. In contrast, TNF-α levels were not different between the three groups, but a positive correlation was found between TNF-α and phagocytosis index (r = −0.305; p = 0.037). Conclusion/Significance Collectively, our findings indicate that platelet phagocytosis may contribute to thrombocytopenia found in vivax malaria. Finally, we believe that this study opens new avenues to explore the mechanisms involved in platelet dysfunction, commonly found in vivax malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Cristina C. Coelho
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo D. Pimentel
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - André M. Siqueira
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Gisely C. Melo
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. G. Lacerda
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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14
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Kano FS, Sanchez BAM, Sousa TN, Tang ML, Saliba J, Oliveira FM, Nogueira PA, Gonçalves AQ, Fontes CJF, Soares IS, Brito CFA, Rocha RS, Carvalho LH. Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein: baseline antibody responses and parasite polymorphisms in a well-consolidated settlement of the Amazon Region. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:989-1000. [PMID: 22643072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors associated with the acquisition of antibodies against Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) - a leading malaria vaccine candidate - in a well-consolidated agricultural settlement of the Brazilian Amazon Region and to determine the sequence diversity of the PvDBP ligand domain (DBP(II)) within the local malaria parasite population. METHODS Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from 541 volunteers using a structured questionnaire. Malaria parasites were detected by conventional microscopy and PCR, and blood collection was used for antibody assays and molecular characterisation of DBP(II). RESULTS The frequency of malaria infection was 7% (6% for P. vivax and 1% for P. falciparum), with malaria cases clustered near mosquito breeding sites. Nearly 50% of settlers had anti-PvDBP IgG antibodies, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with subject's age being the only strong predictor of seropositivity to PvDBP. Unexpectedly, low levels of DBP(II) diversity were found within the local malaria parasites, suggesting the existence of low gene flow between P. vivax populations, probably due to the relative isolation of the studied settlement. CONCLUSION The recognition of PvDBP by a significant proportion of the community, associated with low levels of DBP(II) diversity among local P. vivax, reinforces the variety of malaria transmission patterns in communities from frontier settlements. Such studies should provide baseline information for antimalarial vaccines now in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora S Kano
- Laboratório de Malária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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15
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16
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Costa FTM, Lopes SCP, Ferrer M, Leite JA, Martin-Jaular L, Bernabeu M, Nogueira PA, Mourão MPG, Fernandez-Becerra C, Lacerda MVG, del Portillo H. On cytoadhesion of Plasmodium vivax: raison d'être? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 106 Suppl 1:79-84. [PMID: 21881760 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Plasmodium vivax, the most widely distributed human malaria parasite, causes mild disease and that this species does not sequester in the deep capillaries of internal organs. Recent evidence, however, has demonstrated that there is severe disease, sometimes resulting in death, exclusively associated with P. vivax and that P. vivax-infected reticulocytes are able to cytoadhere in vitro to different endothelial cells and placental cryosections. Here, we review the scarce and preliminary data on cytoadherence in P. vivax, reinforcing the importance of this phenomenon in this species and highlighting the avenues that it opens for our understanding of the pathology of this neglected human malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio T M Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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17
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Carvalho BO, Matsuda JS, Luz SLB, Martinez-Espinosa FE, Leite JA, Franzin F, Orlandi PP, Gregoracci GB, Lacerda MVG, Nogueira PA, Costa FTM. Gestational malaria associated to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum placental mixed-infection followed by foetal loss: a case report from an unstable transmission area in Brazil. Malar J 2011; 10:178. [PMID: 21708032 PMCID: PMC3141593 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational malaria is a multi-factorial syndrome leading to poor outcomes for both the mother and foetus. Although an unusual increasing in the number of hospitalizations caused by Plasmodium vivax has been reported in Brazil, mortality is rarely observed. This is a report of a gestational malaria case that occurred in the city of Manaus (Amazonas State, Brazil) and resulted in foetal loss. The patient presented placental mixed-infection by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum after diagnosis by nested-PCR, however microscopic analysis failed to detect P. falciparum in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, as the patient did not receive proper treatment for P. falciparum and hospitalization occurred soon after drug treatment, it seems that P. falciparum pathology was modulated by the concurrent presence of P. vivax. Collectively, this case confirms the tropism towards the placenta by both of these species of parasites, reinforces the notion that co-existence of distinct malaria parasites interferes on diseases' outcomes, and opens discussions regarding diagnostic methods, malaria treatment during pregnancy and prenatal care for women living in unstable transmission areas of malaria, such as the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna O Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Awah N, Balogun H, Achidi E, Mariuba LA, Nogueira PA, Orlandi P, Troye-Blomberg M, Gysin J, Berzins K. Antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein RAP-2/RSP-2 in relation to anaemia in Cameroonian children. Parasite Immunol 2011; 33:104-15. [PMID: 21226723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated reactive antibodies to the low molecular weight rhoptry-associated proteins (RAP-1, RAP-2/RSP-2 and RAP-3) in erythroid cell destruction during Plasmodium falciparum infection. In this pilot study, the frequency, specificity and functional capacity of naturally acquired anti-RAP-2/RSP-2 antibodies were investigated in the sera of anaemic and nonanaemic malaria-infected Cameroonian children. All sera recognized RAP-2/RSP-2 by FACS, irrespective of the clinical status of the subjects. However, the anaemic children showed higher levels of IgG antibodies than the nonanaemic group, while both groups showed similar levels of IgM antibodies. Only few individuals had detectable levels of RAP-2/RSP-2-specific IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies, while no IgG2 and IgG4 subclass antibodies were detected in these subjects. By ELISA, the anaemic group tended to show higher levels of antibodies to RAP-2/RSP-2 regarding all antibody classes tested, except for IgG4 and IgE. Unexpectedly, sera from the nonanaemic group activated complement to a greater extent than those from the anaemic group. These results need to be confirmed in extended studies but indicate that the effector functions of the RAP-2/RSP-2-reactive antibodies may be more important than their amounts. Such antibodies could play a role in both immunity and pathogenesis during P. falciparum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Awah
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Carvalho BO, Lopes SCP, Nogueira PA, Orlandi PP, Bargieri DY, Blanco YC, Mamoni R, Leite JA, Rodrigues MM, Soares IS, Oliveira TR, Wunderlich G, Lacerda MVG, del Portillo HA, Araújo MOG, Russell B, Suwanarusk R, Snounou G, Rénia L, Costa FTM. On the cytoadhesion of Plasmodium vivax-infected erythrocytes. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:638-47. [PMID: 20617923 DOI: 10.1086/654815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are responsible for most of the global burden of malaria. Although the accentuated pathogenicity of P. falciparum occurs because of sequestration of the mature erythrocytic forms in the microvasculature, this phenomenon has not yet been noted in P. vivax. The increasing number of severe manifestations of P. vivax infections, similar to those observed for severe falciparum malaria, suggests that key pathogenic mechanisms (eg, cytoadherence) might be shared by the 2 parasites. METHODS Mature P. vivax-infected erythrocytes (Pv-iEs) were isolated from blood samples collected from 34 infected patients. Pv-iEs enriched on Percoll gradients were used in cytoadhesion assays with human lung endothelial cells, Saimiri brain endothelial cells, and placental cryosections. RESULTS Pv-iEs were able to cytoadhere under static and flow conditions to cells expressing endothelial receptors known to mediate the cytoadhesion of P. falciparum. Although Pv-iE cytoadhesion levels were 10-fold lower than those observed for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes, the strength of the interaction was similar. Cytoadhesion of Pv-iEs was in part mediated by VIR proteins, encoded by P. vivax variant genes (vir), given that specific antisera inhibited the Pv-iE-endothelial cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS These observations prompt a modification of the current paradigms of the pathogenesis of malaria and clear the way to investigate the pathophysiology of P. vivax infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna O Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Inumaru VTG, Nogueira PA, Butuem IV, Riley LW, Ferrazoli L. Reactive nitrogen intermediate susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in an urban setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13:665-668. [PMID: 19383204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes resistant to reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) predominate in certain urban communities, suggesting that this phenotype influences disease transmission. OBJECTIVE To compare different M. tuberculosis genotypes for resistance to RNI generated in vitro. DESIGN We genotyped 420 M. tuberculosis isolates from a neighborhood in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and analyzed them for susceptibility to RNI generated in acidified sodium nitrite (ASN) solution. RESULTS Seventy-one (43%) of 167 recent-infection strains and 68 (43%) of 158 endogenous infection strains showed moderate- to high-level ASN resistance. CONCLUSION ASN resistance of M. tuberculosis is not necessarily a determining factor for enhanced transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T G Inumaru
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Nogueira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Hyrla C. L. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Varela
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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Costa FTM, Avril M, Nogueira PA, Gysin J. Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and the infected placenta: a two-way pathway. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 39:1525-36. [PMID: 17160261 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006001200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is undoubtedly the world's most devastating parasitic disease, affecting 300 to 500 million people every year. Some cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection progress to the deadly forms of the disease responsible for 1 to 3 million deaths annually. P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes adhere to host receptors in the deep microvasculature of several organs. The cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes to placental syncytiotrophoblast receptors leads to pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM). This specific maternal-fetal syndrome causes maternal anemia, low birth weight and the death of 62,000 to 363,000 infants per year in sub-Saharan Africa, and thus has a poor outcome for both mother and fetus. However, PAM and non-PAM parasites have been shown to differ antigenically and genetically. After multiple pregnancies, women from different geographical areas develop adhesion-blocking antibodies that protect against placental parasitemia and clinical symptoms of PAM. The recent description of a new parasite ligand encoded by the var2CSA gene as the only gene up-regulated in PAM parasites renders the development of an anti-PAM vaccine more feasible. The search for a vaccine to prevent P. falciparum sequestration in the placenta by eliciting adhesion-blocking antibodies and a cellular immune response, and the development of new methods for evaluating such antibodies should be key priorities in mother-child health programs in areas of endemic malaria. This review summarizes the main molecular, immunological and physiopathological aspects of PAM, including findings related to new targets in the P. falciparum var gene family. Finally, we focus on a new methodology for mimicking cytoadhesion under blood flow conditions in human placental tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/blood
- Antigens, Protozoan/drug effects
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Female
- Humans
- Malaria Vaccines
- Malaria, Falciparum/blood
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Placenta/parasitology
- Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Plasmodium falciparum/physiology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/blood
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/blood
- Protozoan Proteins/drug effects
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- F T M Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Orlandi PP, Magalhães GF, Matos NB, Silva T, Penatti M, Nogueira PA, Silva LHPD. Etiology of diarrheal infections in children of Porto Velho (Rondonia, Western Amazon region, Brazil). Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:507-17. [PMID: 16612474 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 470 children less than 72 months of age and presenting acute diarrhea were examined to identify associated enteropathogenic agents. Viruses were the pathogens most frequently found in stools of infants with diarrhea, including 111 cases of rotavirus (23.6% of the total diarrhea cases) and 30 cases of adenovirus (6.3%). The second group was diarrheogenic Escherichia coli (86 cases, 18.2%), followed by Salmonella sp (44 cases, 9.3%) and Shigella sp (24 cases, 5.1%). Using the PCR technique to differentiate the pathogenic categories of E. coli, it was possible to identify 29 cases (6.1%) of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Of these, 10 (2.1%) were typical EPEC and 19 (4.0%) atypical EPEC. In addition, there were 26 cases (5.5%) of enteroaggregative E. coli, 21 cases (4.4%) of enterotoxigenic E. coli, 7 cases (1.4%) of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and 3 cases (0.6%) of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. When comparing the frequencies of diarrheogenic E. coli, EPEC was the only category for which significant differences were found between diarrhea and control groups. A low frequency of EIEC was found, thus EIEC cannot be considered to be a potential etiology agent of diarrhea. Simultaneous infections with two pathogens were found in 39 diarrhea cases but not in controls, suggesting associations among potential enteropathogens in the etiology of diarrhea. The frequent association of diarrheogenic E. coli strains was significantly higher than the probability of their random association, suggesting the presence of facilitating factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Orlandi
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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24
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Abrahão RMCM, Nogueira PA, Malucelli MIC. Tuberculosis in county jail prisoners in the western sector of the city of São Paulo, brazil. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:203-8. [PMID: 16499262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Tuberculosis (TB) status among county jail prisoners in the western sector of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of TB disease and the rate of TB infection in prisoners. DESIGN An observational study was conducted in 2000-2001 among 1052 prisoners in nine São Paulo county jails. After the application of an interview and tuberculin skin testing (TST), the following laboratory investigations were carried out: sputum smear examination and culture, identification and drug sensitivity testing. RESULTS Of 1052 prisoners, 932 underwent TST (PPD RT23 - 2TU/0.1 ml) and 64.5% were reactors. The prevalence rate of prisoners with active TB per 100,000 prisoners was 2065, around 70 times higher than among the Brazilian population and 79 times higher than in the population of the city of São Paulo. Among the 21 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains identified, 85.7% were sensitive and 9.5% were resistant to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP); 4.8% of the total were resistant to INH, RMP and pyrazinamide. CONCLUSION TB prevalence and infection rates were much higher in prisoners than among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M C M Abrahão
- Department of Epidemiology of School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Lindoso JAL, Cruz LL, Spinola RMF, Fortaleza CMCB, Nogueira PA, Madalosso G. [Factors associated with severe visceral leishmaniasis]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2006; 39 Suppl 3:133-4. [PMID: 17605225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
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26
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Pouvelle B, Traoré B, Nogueira PA, Pradines B, LéPolard C, Gysin J. Modeling of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte cytoadhesion in microvascular conditions: chondroitin-4-sulfate binding, A competitive phenotype. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:292-302. [PMID: 12552454 DOI: 10.1086/346050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2002] [Revised: 09/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA) is expressed throughout the microvasculature and CSA-binding infected erythrocytes (IE(CSA)) cytoadhere to lung and brain endothelial cells and sequester in male Saimiri sciureus, this phenotype seems to be dependent on the presence of a placenta to develop. This contradiction was investigated by modeling the interactions and cytoadhesion parameters in the microvasculature. Mixtures of IEs interacting with CSA, CD36, or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were incubated with endothelial cells expressing the corresponding receptors, at physiological pH, under flow conditions. By use of suspensions composed of equal proportions of the phenotypes, cytoadhesion of approximately 10 times as many IE(CSA) as of any other IE tested was observed. Adherent IE(CSA) resisted microvascular wall shear stresses 3-15 times more effectively than did the others. These results, which require confirmation with field isolates, demonstrate that the CSA phenotype is competitive and are consistent with this phenotype initiating microvessel occlusion and with CSA-mediated sequestration in microvessel conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pouvelle
- Unité de Parasitologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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27
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Nogueira PA, Wunderlich G, Pereira da Silva LH. Variant antigens of Plasmodium falciparum encoded by the var multigenic family are multifunctional macromolecules. Res Microbiol 2001; 152:141-7. [PMID: 11316367 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytoadhesion of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) to vascular endothelial cells (sequestration) and binding of unparasitized RBCs to PRBCs (rosetting) are virulence factors of Plasmodium falciparum, the species responsible for lethal human malaria. Variant antigens involved in both phenomena have been identified as products of the multicopy var gene family. In this review, progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of sequestration is summarized, in particular, concerning the structure of var gene products related to specificity of binding to endothelial receptors, and the origin of var gene diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Nogueira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Porto Velho, Rond nia, Brazil
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Abstract
The revaccination of schoolchildren can restore the residual allergy induced by vaccination in the first years of life but can not modify the allergy resulting from a natural infection. So revaccination in this population should indicate the group infected by the Koch bacilli. To assess the applicability of these assumptions in estimating the risk of tuberculosis infection in regions with high BCG coverage a study was undertaken on schoolchildren between 6 and 9 years of age who were attending the municipal schools in the east zone of S. Paulo City, in the course of the first semester of 1988. Of 11,455 who were vaccinated only 7,470 were tested with PPD, revaccinated and retested ten weeks later; 3,314 of these were vaccinated in the first trimester of life with a half dose and 4,156 received a full dose at later ages (75% during the first year, 20% during the second and 5% during the third). In comparing the results pre and post vaccination by correlation table, the calculation of infection was made according to the criteria of the original method and to the modifications made by the authors under separate cover for those vaccinated in the first trimester and those vaccinated later. The risk of infection was 0.35% and 0.37%, respectively, for the original model and 0.45% and 0.49% for the modified model. The referential was 0.55%. The difference between model and age or with the referential was not significant (p > 0.005). Data suggest that the method is applicable to estimate the risk of tuberculosis infection in schoolchildren vaccinated with a full dose of BCG during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Arantes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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29
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Arantes GR, Nardy SM, Nogueira PA, Belluomini M, Weiler RM. [Estimate of the prevalence of tuberculosis infection among vaccinated school-children by the Bhattacharya's method]. Rev Saude Publica 1991; 25:112-20. [PMID: 1784967 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89101991000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful application of Bhattacharya's method (decomposition of frequency distribution into normal components by a graphic method) in the analysis of the results of tuberculin test performed on a population sensitized by "anonymous" strains of mycobacteria, suggested the possibility of its application to two samples of BCG vaccinated school-children, living in the city of S. Paulo (Brazil). One of the sample groups, vaccinated between the second and seventh years of life, was surveyed in 1982 and the other, vaccinated during the first year of life, was surveyed in 1988. In both populations it was possible to characterize the normal component corresponding to children infected by tuberculous bacilli and to quantify them. In the first one, the average size of the reactions was 17.40 mm, the standard deviation 3.72 mm and the proportion of infected children 7.71%, against 4.85% in the unvaccinated control group; otherwise, in the population surveyed in 1988, the average size was 17.00 mm, the standard deviation 4.67 mm and the proportion of infected children amounted to 4.14% against 4.48% in the control group. It is concluded that the method permits the estimation of the prevalence of tuberculosis infection among BCG-vaccinated school-children, provided that the vaccine has been given during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Arantes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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30
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Brólio R, Salomon GC, Belluomini M, Nogueira PA, Nardy SM. [Tuberculin hypersensitivity in children under one year of age vaccinated with oral BCG]. Rev Saude Publica 1977; 11:111-7. [PMID: 854690 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89101977000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
São relatados os resultados da pesquisa da hipersensibilidade tuberculínica pelo PPD, Rt-23,2UT, em crianças menores de um ano de idade, vacinadas anteriormente com BCG oral, pertencentes a uma área do município de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram que para 790 crianças houve 13,0% de reatores fracos e 16,3% de reatores fortes, com um total de 29,3% de reatores. São feitos comentários sobre a vacinação oral e o baixo percentual de reatores encontrados, no controle tuberculínico pós-vacinal, relativamente aos obtidos com o BCG intradérmico.
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