1
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Wang H, Xu X, Polla RL, Silva PJ, Ong QK, Stellacci F. Ligand concentration determines antiviral efficacy of silica multivalent nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:327-333. [PMID: 38043234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We have learned from the recent COVID-19 pandemic that the emergence of a new virus can quickly become a global health burden and kill millions of lives. Antiviral drugs are essential in our fight against viral diseases, but most of them are virus-specific and are prone to viral mutations. We have developed broad-spectrum antivirals based on multivalent nanoparticles grafted with ligands that mimic the target of viral attachment ligands (VALs). We have shown that when the ligand has a sufficiently long hydrophobic tail, the inhibition mechanism switches from reversible (virustatic) to irreversible (virucidal). Here, we investigate further how ligand density and particle size affect antiviral efficacy, both in terms of half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) and of reversible vs irreversible mechanism. We designed antiviral silica nanoparticles modified with 11-mercaptoundecane-1-sulfonic acid (MUS), a ligand that mimics heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and we showed that these nanoparticles can be synthesized with different sizes (4-200 nm) and ligand grafting densities (0.59-10.70 /nm2). By testing these particles against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), we show that within the size and density ranges studied, the antiviral IC50 is determined solely by equivalent ligand concentration. The nanoparticles are found to be virucidal at all sizes and densities studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Wang
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xufeng Xu
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémi La Polla
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quy Khac Ong
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Mac Fhionnlaoich N, Schrettl S, Tito NB, Yang Y, Nair M, Serrano LA, Harkness K, Silva PJ, Frauenrath H, Serra F, Carter WC, Stellacci F, Guldin S. Reversible Microscale Assembly of Nanoparticles Driven by the Phase Transition of a Thermotropic Liquid Crystal. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37222568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of nanoscale building blocks into patterns with microscale periodicity is challenging to achieve via self-assembly processes. Here, we report on the phase-transition-driven collective assembly of gold nanoparticles in a thermotropic liquid crystal. A temperature-induced transition from the isotropic to the nematic phase under anchoring-driven planar alignment leads to the assembly of individual nanometer-sized particles into arrays of micrometer-sized agglomerates, whose size and characteristic spacing can be tuned by varying the cooling rate. Phase field simulations coupling the conserved and nonconserved order parameters exhibit a similar evolution of the morphology as the experimental observations. This fully reversible process offers control over structural order on the microscopic level and is an interesting model system for the programmable and reconfigurable patterning of nanocomposites with access to micrometer-sized periodicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mac Fhionnlaoich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas B Tito
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Malavika Nair
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis A Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Kellen Harkness
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Serra
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - W Craig Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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3
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Richter Ł, Stevens CA, Silva PJ, Julià LR, Malinverni C, Wei L, Łoś M, Stellacci F. Peptide-Grafted Nontoxic Cyclodextrins and Nanoparticles against Bacteriophage Infections. ACS Nano 2022; 16:18990-19001. [PMID: 36259638 PMCID: PMC9706661 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest threats for bacteria-based bioreactors in the biotechnology industry is infections caused by bacterial viruses called bacteriophages. More than 70% of companies admitted to encountering this problem. Despite phage infections being such a dangerous and widespread risk, to date, there are no effective methods to avoid them. Here we present a peptide-grafted compounds that irreversibly deactivate bacteriophages and remain safe for bacteria and mammalian cells. The active compounds consist of a core (cyclodextrin or gold nanoparticle) coated with a hydrophobic chain terminated with a peptide selective for bacteriophages. Such peptides were selected via a phage display technique. This approach enables irreversible deactivation of the wide range of T-like phages (including the most dangerous in phage infections, phage T1) at 37 °C in 1 h. We show that our compounds can be used directly inside the environment of the bioreactor, but they are also a safe additive to stocks of antibiotics and expression inducers (such as isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside, i.e., IPTG) that cannot be autoclaved and are a common source of phage infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Richter
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corey Alfred Stevens
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Roset Julià
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carla Malinverni
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lixia Wei
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Łoś
- Department
of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Phage
Consultants, 80-254 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute
of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Lapresta-Fernández A, Nefeli Athanasopoulou E, Jacob Silva P, Pelin Güven Z, Stellacci F. Site-selective surface enhanced Raman scattering study of ligand exchange reactions on aggregated Ag nanocubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:110-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Richter Ł, Paszkowska K, Cendrowska U, Olgiati F, Silva PJ, Gasbarri M, Guven ZP, Paczesny J, Stellacci F. Broad-spectrum nanoparticles against bacteriophage infections. Nanoscale 2021; 13:18684-18694. [PMID: 34738613 PMCID: PMC8601202 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04936d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections caused by bacteriophages, i.e., viruses that kill bacteria are one of the most dangerous and common threats for bacteria-based bioreactors. More than 70% of biotechnology companies have admitted to encountering this problem. Despite phage infections being such a dangerous and widespread risk, there are no effective methods to avoid them to date. Herein, we present a novel technology based on nanoparticles that irreversibly deactivates bacteriophages and is safe for bacteria. Our method allows for the unsupervised protection of bacterial processes in the biotechnology industry. Gold nanoparticles coated with a mixture of negatively charged 11-mercapto 1-undecanesulfonic acid (MUS) and hydrophobic 1-octanethiol (OT) ligands are effective at deactivating various types of Escherichia coli-selective phages: T1, T4, and T7. The nanoparticles can lower the titer of phages up to 2 and 5 logs in 6 and 24 h at 50 °C, respectively. A comparative analysis of nanoparticles with different ligand shells illustrates the importance of the combination of negatively charged and hydrophobic ligands that is the key to achieving a good inhibitory concentration (EC50 ≤ 1 μg mL-1) for all tested phages. We show that the nanoparticles are harmless for the commonly used bacteria in industry Escherichia coli and are effective under conditions simulating the environment of bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Richter
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Karolina Paszkowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Cendrowska
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Olgiati
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Zekiye Pelin Guven
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Kocabiyik O, Cagno V, Silva PJ, Zhu Y, Sedano L, Bhide Y, Mettier J, Medaglia C, Da Costa B, Constant S, Huang S, Kaiser L, Hinrichs WLJ, Huckriede A, Le Goffic R, Tapparel C, Stellacci F. Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2001012. [PMID: 33552848 PMCID: PMC7856883 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is high. It is important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti-influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, that is, irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, a new class of broad-spectrum anti-influenza macromolecules is described that meets these criteria and display exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated either in 6'sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6'SLN) or in 3'SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, it is shown that, in mice, one of the compounds provides therapeutic efficacy when administered 24 h post-infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kocabiyik
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Yong Zhu
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Laura Sedano
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Yoshita Bhide
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
- University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention (internal postcode EB88)University of GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Joelle Mettier
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | | | - Song Huang
- Epithelix SasChemin des Aulx 18Geneva1228Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Hopital Universitaire de GenèveRue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Wouter L. J. Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention (internal postcode EB88)University of GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713GZThe Netherlands
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Virologie et Immunologie MoleculaireInstitut National Recherche AgronomiqueUniversité Paris‐SaclayJouy en Josas78350France
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of GenevaRue Michel Servet 1Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Insitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Bioengineering InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 12Lausanne1015Switzerland
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7
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Cendrowska U, Silva PJ, Ait-Bouziad N, Müller M, Guven ZP, Vieweg S, Chiki A, Radamaker L, Kumar ST, Fändrich M, Tavanti F, Menziani MC, Alexander-Katz A, Stellacci F, Lashuel HA. Unraveling the complexity of amyloid polymorphism using gold nanoparticles and cryo-EM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6866-6874. [PMID: 32161130 PMCID: PMC7104366 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916176117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid polymorphism gives rise to different strains of amyloids with distinct toxicities and pathology-spreading properties. Validating this hypothesis is challenging due to a lack of tools and methods that allow for the direct characterization of amyloid polymorphism in hydrated and complex biological samples. Here, we report on the development of 11-mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate-coated gold nanoparticles (NPs) that efficiently label the edges of synthetic, recombinant, and native amyloid fibrils derived from different amyloidogenic proteins. We demonstrate that these NPs represent powerful tools for assessing amyloid morphological polymorphism, using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The NPs allowed for the visualization of morphological features that are not directly observed using standard imaging techniques, including transmission electron microscopy with use of the negative stain or cryo-EM imaging. The use of these NPs to label native paired helical filaments (PHFs) from the postmortem brain of a patient with Alzheimer's disease, as well as amyloid fibrils extracted from the heart tissue of a patient suffering from systemic amyloid light-chain amyloidosis, revealed a high degree of homogeneity across the fibrils derived from human tissue in comparison with fibrils aggregated in vitro. These findings are consistent with, and strongly support, the emerging view that the physiologic milieu is a key determinant of amyloid fibril strains. Together, these advances should not only facilitate the profiling and characterization of amyloids for structural studies by cryo-EM, but also pave the way to elucidate the structural basis of amyloid strains and toxicity, and possibly the correlation between the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Cendrowska
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ait-Bouziad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Müller
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zekiye Pelin Guven
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Vieweg
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anass Chiki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lynn Radamaker
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Senthil T Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Tavanti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Menziani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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8
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Sanavio B, Librizzi L, Pennacchio P, Beznoussenko GV, Sousa F, Silva PJ, Mironov AA, Frassoni C, Stellacci F, de Curtis M, Krol S. Distribution of superparamagnetic Au/Fe nanoparticles in an isolated guinea pig brain with an intact blood brain barrier. Nanoscale 2018; 10:22420-22428. [PMID: 30475372 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders, such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors, would benefit from innovative approaches to deliver therapeutic or diagnostic compounds into the brain parenchyma, with either a homogeneous or a targeted localized distribution pattern. To assess the mechanistic aspect of penetration of nanoparticles (NPs) into the brain parenchyma, a complex, yet controlled and facilitated environment was used: the isolated guinea pig brain maintained in vitro by arterial perfusion. In this unique preparation the blood-brain barrier and the interactions between vascular and neuronal compartments are morphologically and functionally preserved. In this study, superparamagnetic Au/Fe nanoparticles (MUS:OT Au/Fe NPs), recently studied as a promising magnetic resonance T2 contrast agent with high cellular penetration, were arterially perfused into the in vitro isolated brain and showed high and homogeneous penetration through transcytosis into the brain parenchyma. Ultramicroscopy investigation of the in vitro isolated brain sections by TEM analysis of the electron-dense core of the MUS:OT Au/Fe NPs was conducted to understand NPs' brain penetration through the BBB after in vitro arterial perfusion and their distribution in the parenchyma. Our data suggest that MUS:OT Au/Fe NPs enter the brain utilizing a physiological route and therefore can be exploited as brain penetrating nanomaterials with potential contrast agent and theranostics capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sanavio
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, c/o AMADEOLAB, via G.A. Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Cox A, Andreozzi P, Dal Magro R, Fiordaliso F, Corbelli A, Talamini L, Chinello C, Raimondo F, Magni F, Tringali M, Krol S, Jacob Silva P, Stellacci F, Masserini M, Re F. Evolution of Nanoparticle Protein Corona across the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS Nano 2018; 12:7292-7300. [PMID: 29953205 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles offer the chance to improve drug transport and delivery through biological barriers, exploiting the possibility to leave the blood circulation and traverse the endothelial vascular bed, blood-brain barrier (BBB) included, to reach their target. It is known that nanoparticles gather molecules on their surface upon contact with biological fluids, forming the "protein corona", which can affect their fate and therapeutic/diagnostic performance, yet no information on the corona's evolution across the barrier has been gathered so far. Using a cellular model of the BBB and gold nanoparticles, we show that the composition of the corona undergoes dramatic quantitative and qualitative molecular modifications during passage from the "blood" to the "brain" side, while it is stable once beyond the BBB. Thus, we demonstrate that the nanoparticle corona dynamically and drastically evolves upon crossing the BBB and that its initial composition is not predictive of nanoparticle fate and performance once beyond the barrier at the target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia Cox
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , IFOM-IEO Campus , Milan 20139 , Italy
- CICbiomaGUNE, Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group , San Sebastian-Donostia , 20014 Guipuzcoa , Spain
| | - Roberta Dal Magro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- IRCCS Institute of Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri″ , Milan 20139 , Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- IRCCS Institute of Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri″ , Milan 20139 , Italy
| | - Laura Talamini
- IRCCS Institute of Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri″ , Milan 20139 , Italy
| | - Clizia Chinello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
| | - Francesca Raimondo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
| | - Maria Tringali
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan 20126 , Italy
| | - Silke Krol
- IRCCS Foundation Institute for Neurology "Carlo Besta" , IFOM-IEO Campus , Milan 20139 , Italy
- IRCCS Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II" , Bari 70021 , Italy
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1000 , Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1000 , Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1000 , Switzerland
| | - Massimo Masserini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB , University of Milano-Bicocca , Via Raoul Follereau 3 , 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB) , Italy
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10
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Cagno V, Andreozzi P, D'Alicarnasso M, Jacob Silva P, Mueller M, Galloux M, Le Goffic R, Jones ST, Vallino M, Hodek J, Weber J, Sen S, Janeček ER, Bekdemir A, Sanavio B, Martinelli C, Donalisio M, Rameix Welti MA, Eleouet JF, Han Y, Kaiser L, Vukovic L, Tapparel C, Král P, Krol S, Lembo D, Stellacci F. Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism. Nat Mater 2018; 17:195-203. [PMID: 29251725 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections kill millions yearly. Available antiviral drugs are virus-specific and active against a limited panel of human pathogens. There are broad-spectrum substances that prevent the first step of virus-cell interaction by mimicking heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), the highly conserved target of viral attachment ligands (VALs). The reversible binding mechanism prevents their use as a drug, because, upon dilution, the inhibition is lost. Known VALs are made of closely packed repeating units, but the aforementioned substances are able to bind only a few of them. We designed antiviral nanoparticles with long and flexible linkers mimicking HSPG, allowing for effective viral association with a binding that we simulate to be strong and multivalent to the VAL repeating units, generating forces (∼190 pN) that eventually lead to irreversible viral deformation. Virucidal assays, electron microscopy images, and molecular dynamics simulations support the proposed mechanism. These particles show no cytotoxicity, and in vitro nanomolar irreversible activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papilloma virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue and lenti virus. They are active ex vivo in human cervicovaginal histocultures infected by HSV-2 and in vivo in mice infected with RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group San Sebastian-Donostia, 20014 Donastia San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Mueller
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Galloux
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Samuel T Jones
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jones Lab, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marta Vallino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soumyo Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Emma-Rose Janeček
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Bekdemir
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sanavio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix Welti
- UMR INSERM U1173 I2, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil-UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lela Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Carvalho VCF, Freitas EB, Silva PJ, Fradinho JC, Reis MAM, Oehmen A. The impact of operational strategies on the performance of a photo-EBPR system. Water Res 2018; 129:190-198. [PMID: 29149674 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel Phototrophic - Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (Photo-EBPR) system, consisting of a consortium of photosynthetic organisms and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), was studied in this work. A sequencing batch reactor was fed with a mixture of acetate and propionate (75%-25%) and subjected to dark/light cycles in order to select a photo-EBPR system containing PAOs and photosynthetic organisms, the latter likely providers of oxygen to the system. The results from the selection period (stage 1) showed that the photo-EBPR culture was capable of performing P release in the dark and P uptake in the presence of light, under limited oxygen concentrations. During the optimization period, the aeration period, which was initially provided at the end of the light phase, was gradually reduced until a non-aerated system was achieved, while the light intensity was increased. After optimization of the operational conditions, the selected consortium of photosynthetic organisms/PAOs showed high capacity of P removal in the light phase in the absence of air or other electron acceptor. A net P removal of 34 ± 3 mg-P/L was achieved, with a volumetric P removal rate of 15 ± 2 mg-P/L.h, and 79 ± 8% of P removal from the system. Also, in limiting oxygen conditions, the P uptake rate was independent of the PHA consumption, which demonstrates that the organisms obtained energy for P removal from light. These results indicated that a photo-EBPR system can be a potential solution for P removal with low COD/P ratios and in the absence of air, prospecting the use of natural sunlight as illumination, which would reduce the costs of EBPR operation regarding aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C F Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - E B Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - P J Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - J C Fradinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - M A M Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Oehmen
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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12
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Pelliccia M, Andreozzi P, Paulose J, D'Alicarnasso M, Cagno V, Donalisio M, Civra A, Broeckel RM, Haese N, Jacob Silva P, Carney RP, Marjomäki V, Streblow DN, Lembo D, Stellacci F, Vitelli V, Krol S. Additives for vaccine storage to improve thermal stability of adenoviruses from hours to months. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13520. [PMID: 27901019 PMCID: PMC5141364 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of the cost of vaccination programmes is due to the cold chain problem (that is, keeping vaccines cold). Inexpensive, biocompatible additives to slow down the degradation of virus particles would address the problem. Here we propose and characterize additives that, already at very low concentrations, improve the storage time of adenovirus type 5. Anionic gold nanoparticles (10−8–10−6 M) or polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight ∼8,000 Da, 10−7–10−4 M) increase the half-life of a green fluorescent protein expressing adenovirus from ∼48 h to 21 days at 37 °C (from 7 to >30 days at room temperature). They replicate the known stabilizing effect of sucrose, but at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations. PEG and sucrose maintained immunogenicity in vivo for viruses stored for 10 days at 37 °C. To achieve rational design of viral-vaccine stabilizers, our approach is aided by simplified quantitative models based on a single rate-limiting step. Keeping viral vaccines cold from the manufacturers to patients is problematic and costly. Here, Krol and others show additives that can significantly improve at very low concentrations the storage of adenovirus type 5 at ambient and elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pelliccia
- European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), IFOM-IEO-Campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.,Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Jayson Paulose
- Instituut-Lorentz for theoretical physics, Leiden University, 271, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco D'Alicarnasso
- European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), IFOM-IEO-Campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.,Fondazione CEN-European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rebecca M Broeckel
- Vaccine &Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Nicole Haese
- Vaccine &Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials and Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, STI IMX SUNMIL MXG 030, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Randy P Carney
- Institute of Materials and Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, STI IMX SUNMIL MXG 030, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskyla, Survontie 9, 40500 Jyväskyla, Finland
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine &Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials and Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, STI IMX SUNMIL MXG 030, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Vitelli
- Instituut-Lorentz for theoretical physics, Leiden University, 271, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, IFOM-IEO-campus, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.,Laboratory of Translational Nanotechnology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, viale Orazio, Flacco 65, Bari 70124, Italy
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13
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Ong QK, Reguera J, Silva PJ, Moglianetti M, Harkness K, Longobardi M, Mali KS, Renner C, De Feyter S, Stellacci F. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2013; 7:8529-39. [PMID: 24024977 DOI: 10.1021/nn402414b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles protected by a binary mixture of thiolate molecules have a ligand shell that can spontaneously separate into nanoscale domains. Complex morphologies arise in such ligand shells, including striped, patchy, and Janus domains. Characterization of these morphologies remains a challenge. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging has been one of the key approaches to determine these structures, yet the imaging of nanoparticles' surfaces faces difficulty stemming from steep surface curvature, complex molecular structures, and the possibility of imaging artifacts in the same size range. Images obtained to date have lacked molecular resolution, and only domains have been resolved. There is a clear need for images that resolve the molecular arrangement that leads to domain formation on the ligand shell of these particles. Herein we report an advance in the STM imaging of gold nanoparticles, revealing some of the molecules that constitute the domains in striped and Janus gold nanoparticles. We analyze the images to determine molecular arrangements on parts of the particles, highlight molecular "defects" present in the ligand shell, show persistence of the features across subsequent images, and observe the transition from quasi-molecular to domain resolution. The ability to resolve single molecules in the ligand shell of nanoparticles could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the ligand structure in determining the properties of mixed-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Khac Ong
- Institute of Materials, École Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Jackson AM, Hu Y, Silva PJ, Stellacci F. From homoligand- to mixed-ligand- monolayer-protected metal nanoparticles: a scanning tunneling microscopy investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:11135-49. [PMID: 16925432 DOI: 10.1021/ja061545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ligand shell that coats, protects, and imparts a large number of properties to gold nanoparticles is a 2-D self-assembled monolayer wrapped around a 3-D metallic core. Here we present a study of the molecular packing of ligand shells on gold nanoparticles based on the analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. We discuss methods for optimal nanoparticle sample preparation in relation to STM imaging conditions. We show that the packing of a self-assembled monolayer composed solely of octanethiols on gold nanoparticles depends on the particle's diameter with an average headgroup spacing of 5.4 A, which is different from that of similar monolayers formed on flat Au(111) surfaces (5.0 A). In the case of nanoparticles coated with mixtures of ligands-known to phase separate into randomly shaped and ordered domains on flat surfaces-we find that phase separation leads to the formation of concentric, ribbonlike domains of alternating composition. The spacing of these domains depends on the ligand shell composition. We find that, for a given composition, the spacing increases with diameter in a manner characterized by discontinuous transitions at "critical" particle sizes. We discuss possible interpretations for the observed trends in our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Jackson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Silva PJ, Juengel JL, Rollyson MK, Niswender GD. Prostaglandin metabolism in the ovine corpus luteum: catabolism of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) coincides with resistance of the corpus luteum to PGF(2alpha). Biol Reprod 2000; 63:1229-36. [PMID: 11058524 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.5.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine possible mechanisms involved in resistance of the ovine corpus luteum to the luteolytic activity of prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha), the enzymatic activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) and the quantity of mRNA encoding PGDH and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were determined in ovine corpora lutea on Days 4 and 13 of the estrous cycle and Day 13 of pregnancy. The corpus luteum is resistant to the action of PGF(2alpha) on Days 4 of the estrous cycle and 13 of pregnancy while on Day 13 of the estrous cycle the corpus luteum is sensitive to the actions PGF(2alpha). Enzymatic activity of PGDH, measured by rate of conversion of PGF(2alpha) to PGFM, was greater in corpora lutea on Day 4 of the estrous cycle (P < 0.05) and Day 13 of pregnancy (P < 0.05) than on Day 13 of the estrous cycle. Levels of mRNA encoding PGDH were also greater in corpora lutea on Day 4 of the estrous cycle (P < 0. 01) and Day 13 of pregnancy (P < 0.01) than on Day 13 of the estrous cycle. Thus, during the early estrous cycle and early pregnancy, the corpus luteum has a greater capacity to catabolize PGF, which may play a role in the resistance of the corpus luteum to the actions of this hormone. Levels of mRNA encoding COX-2 were undetectable in corpora lutea collected on Day 13 of the estrous cycle but were 11 +/- 4 and 44 +/- 28 amol/microgram poly(A)(+) RNA in corpora lutea collected on Day 4 of the estrous cycle and Day 13 of pregnancy, respectively. These data suggest that there is a greater capacity to synthesize PGF(2alpha), early in the estrous cycle and early in pregnancy than on Day 13 of the estrous cycle. In conclusion, enzymatic activity of PGDH may play an important role in the mechanism involved in luteal resistance to the luteolytic effects of PGF(2alpha).
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Silva
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA
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16
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Abstract
The genome of Pyrococcus furiosus contains the putative mbhABCDEFGHIJKLMN operon for a 14-subunit transmembrane complex associated with a Ni-Fe hydrogenase. Ten ORFs (mbhA-I and mbhM) encode hydrophobic, membrane-spanning subunits. Four ORFs (mbhJKL and mbhN) encode putative soluble proteins. Two of these correspond to the canonical small and large subunit of Ni-Fe hydrogenase, however, the small subunit can coordinate only a single iron-sulfur cluster, corresponding to the proximal [4Fe-4S] cubane. The structural genes for the small and the large subunits, mbhJ and mbhL, are separated in the genome by a third ORF, mbhK, encoding a protein of unknown function without Fe/S binding. The fourth ORF, mbhN, encodes a 2[4Fe-4S] protein. With P. furiosus soluble [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin as the electron donor the membranes produce H2, and this activity is retained in an extracted core complex of the mbh operon when solubilized and partially purified under mild conditions. The properties of this membrane-bound hydrogenase are unique. It is rather resistant to inhibition by carbon monoxide. It also exhibits an extremely high ratio of H2 evolution to H2 uptake activity compared with other hydrogenases. The activity is sensitive to inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). EPR of the reduced core complex is characteristic for interacting iron-sulfur clusters with Em approximately -0.33 V. The genome contains a second putative operon, mbxABCDFGHH'MJKLN, for a multisubunit transmembrane complex with strong homology to the mbh operon, however, with a highly unusual putative binding motif for the Ni-Fe-cluster in the large hydrogenase subunit. Kinetic studies of membrane-bound hydrogenase, soluble hydrogenase and sulfide dehydrogenase activities allow the formulation of a comprehensive working hypothesis of H2 metabolism in P. furiosus in terms of three pools of reducing equivalents (ferredoxin, NADPH, H2) connected by devices for transduction, transfer, recovery and safety-valving of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Silva
- Kluyver Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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17
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Hagen WR, Silva PJ, Amorim MA, Hagedoorn PL, Wassink H, Haaker H, Robb FT. Novel structure and redox chemistry of the prosthetic groups of the iron-sulfur flavoprotein sulfide dehydrogenase from Pyrococcus furiosus; evidence for a [2Fe-2S] cluster with Asp(Cys)3 ligands. J Biol Inorg Chem 2000; 5:527-34. [PMID: 10968624 DOI: 10.1007/pl00021452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The consecutive structural genes for the iron-sulfur flavoenzyme sulfide dehydrogenase, sudB and sudA, have been identified in the genome of Pyrococcus furiosus. The translated sequences encode a heterodimeric protein with an alpha-subunit, SudA, of 52598 Da and a beta-subunit, SudB, of 30686 Da. The alpha-subunit carries a FAD, a putative nucleotide binding site for NADPH, and a [2Fe-2S]2+,+ prosthetic group. The latter exhibit EPR g-values, 2.035, 1.908, 1.786, and reduction potential, Em,8 = +80 mV, reminiscent of Rieske-type clusters; however, comparative sequence analysis indicates that this cluster is coordinated by a novel motif of one Asp and three Cys ligands. The motif is not only found in the genome of hyperthermophilic archaea and hyperthermophilic bacteria, but also in that of mesophilic Treponema pallidum. The beta-subunit of sulfide dehydrogenase contains another FAD, another putative binding site for NADPH, a [3Fe-4S]+,0 cluster, and a [4Fe-4S]2+,+ cluster. The 3Fe cluster has an unusually high reduction potential, Em,8 = +230 mV. The reduced 4Fe cluster exhibits a complex EPR signal, presumably resulting from magnetic interaction of its S = 1/2 spin with the S=2 spin of the reduced 3Fe cluster. The 4Fe cluster can be reduced with deazaflavin/EDTA/light but not with sodium dithionite; however, it is readily reduced with NADPH. SudA is highly homologous to KOD1-GO-GAT (or KOD1-GltA), a single-gene encoded protein in Pyrococcus kodakaraensis, which has been putatively identified as hyperthermophilic glutamate synthase. However, P. furiosus sulfide dehydrogenase does not have glutamate synthase activity. SudB is highly homologous to HydG, the gamma-subunit of P. furiosus NiFe hydrogenase. The latter enzyme also has sulfide dehydrogenase activity. The P. furiosus genome contains a second set of consecutive genes, sudY and sudX, with very high homology to the sudB and sudA genes, and possibly encoding a sulfide dehydrogenase isoenzyme. Each subunit of sulfide dehydrogenase is a primary structural paradigm for a different class of iron-sulfur flavoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Hagen
- Kluyver Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
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18
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Juengel JL, Haworth JD, Rollyson MK, Silva PJ, Sawyer HR, Niswender GD. Effect of dose of prostaglandin F(2alpha) on steroidogenic components and oligonucleosomes in ovine luteal tissue. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:1047-51. [PMID: 10727276 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.4.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) had a dose-dependent effect upon secretion of progesterone, oligonucleosome formation, or loss of luteal weight, ewes on Day 9 or 10 of the estrous cycle were administered 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg PGF(2alpha) per 60 kg BW (i.v.), and luteal tissue was collected 9 and 24 h after injection. All doses of PGF(2alpha) decreased (P < 0. 05) concentrations of progesterone in sera by 9 h; however, in ewes treated with 3 mg PGF(2alpha), concentrations of progesterone were similar to control values at 24 h and higher (P < 0.05) than those in the 10- or 30-mg groups. Concentrations of progesterone in sera over all dose levels were highly correlated to luteal concentrations of mRNA encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (P < 0.001), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P < 0.02), and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P < 0.01). Corpora lutea collected at 24 h from ewes treated with the 10- and 30-mg doses of PGF(2alpha) weighed less (P < 0.05) than those from controls. Oligonucleosomes were not present in luteal tissues from control ewes. Surprisingly, all doses of PGF(2alpha)-induced oligonucleosomes in a majority of animals at 9 h and in a majority of ewes treated with 10 and 30 mg of PGF(2alpha) at 24 h. In conclusion, 3 mg of PGF(2alpha) per 60 kg BW transiently decreased serum concentrations of progesterone and induced oligonucleosome formation, but did not result in reduced luteal weight. The 10- and 30-mg doses of PGF(2alpha) decreased secretion of progesterone and induced oligonucleosome formation and luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Juengel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA
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Gross DS, Gälli ME, Silva PJ, Prather KA. Relative sensitivity factors for alkali metal and ammonium cations in single-particle aerosol time-of-flight mass spectra. Anal Chem 2000; 72:416-22. [PMID: 10658339 DOI: 10.1021/ac990434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of factors have been investigated with regard to the quantitation of chemical species within individual ambient aerosol particles analyzed by laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Spectrum to spectrum differences in the interaction of the particle with the ionization laser beam, which affect the absolute peak areas in the mass spectra, can be minimized by using relative peak areas instead of absolute peak areas in each spectrum. Whereas absolute peak areas vary by an average of 59% for a given ion peak in single particle mass spectra of a monodisperse aerosol of particles formed from the same solution, relative peak areas in the same mass spectra vary only by an average of 16%. Relative sensitivity factors (RSF) relating the mass spectral ion intensity of NH4+ and the alkali metal cations Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ in single particle aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry to their bulk concentrations have been determined. The values for Li+/Na+, K+/Na+, Rb+/Na+, Cs+/Na+, and NH4+/Na+ are found to be 0.14, 5.1, 6.0, 7.9, and 0.014, respectively. The higher response for heavier cations of the alkali metals is consistent with the periodic trends of both ionization potential and lattice energies of the species of interest. The response factor for sodium and potassium cations has been used to accurately determine the relative amounts of Na+ and K+ in sea-salt particles, by analyzing a sample of approximately 360 ambient sea-salt particles. The relative amounts of Na+ and K+ are found to be 97 and 3% in particles, respectively, whereas in seawater they are, on average, 98 and 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Gross
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA
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Abstract
The primary function of the corpus luteum is secretion of the hormone progesterone, which is required for maintenance of normal pregnancy in mammals. The corpus luteum develops from residual follicular granulosal and thecal cells after ovulation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary is important for normal development and function of the corpus luteum in most mammals, although growth hormone, prolactin, and estradiol also play a role in several species. The mature corpus luteum is composed of at least two steroidogenic cell types based on morphological and biochemical criteria and on the follicular source of origin. Small luteal cells appear to be of thecal cell origin and respond to LH with increased secretion of progesterone. LH directly stimulates the secretion of progesterone from small luteal cells via activation of the protein kinase A second messenger pathway. Large luteal cells are of granulosal cell origin and contain receptors for PGF(2alpha) and appear to mediate the luteolytic actions of this hormone. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum must regress to allow follicular growth and ovulation and the reproductive cycle begins again. Luteal regression is initiated by PGF(2alpha) of uterine origin in most subprimate species. The role played by PGF(2alpha) in primates remains controversial. In primates, if PGF(2alpha) plays a role in luteolysis, it appears to be of ovarian origin. The antisteroidogenic effects of PGF(2alpha) appear to be mediated by the protein kinase C second messenger pathway, whereas loss of luteal cells appears to follow an influx of calcium, activation of endonucleases, and an apoptotic form of cell death. If the female becomes pregnant, continued secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum is required to provide an appropriate uterine environment for maintenance of pregnancy. The mechanisms whereby the pregnant uterus signals the corpus luteum that a conceptus is present varies from secretion of a chorionic gonadotropin (primates and equids), to secretion of an antiluteolytic factor (domestic ruminants), and to a neuroendocrine reflex arc that modifies the secretory patterns of hormones from the anterior pituitary (most rodents).
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Niswender
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Silva PJ, de Castro B, Hagen WR. On the prosthetic groups of the NiFe sulfhydrogenase from Pyrococcus furiosus: topology, structure, and temperature-dependent redox chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 1999; 4:284-91. [PMID: 10439073 DOI: 10.1007/s007750050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sulfhydrogenase complex of Pyrococcus furiosus is an alpha beta gamma delta heterotetramer with both hydrogenase activity (borne by the alpha delta subunits) and sulfur reductase activity (carried by the beta gamma subunits). The beta-subunit contains at least two [4Fe-4S] cubanes and the gamma-subunit contains one [2Fe-2S] cluster and one FAD molecule. The delta-subunit contains three [4Fe-4S] cubanes and the alpha-subunit carries the NiFe dinuclear center. Only three Fe/S signals are observed in EPR-monitored reduction by dithionite, NADPH, or internal substrate upon heating. All other clusters presumably have reduction potentials well below that of the H+/H2 couple. Heat-induced reduction by internal substrate allows, for the first time, EPR monitoring of the NiFe center in a hyperthermophilic hydrogenase, which passes through a number of states, some of which are similar to states previously defined for mesophilic hydrogenases. The complexity of the observed transitions reflects a combination of temperature-dependent activation and temperature-dependent reduction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Silva
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The codon bias in Escherichia coli for all two-fold degenerate amino acids was studied as dependent on the context from the six bases in the nearest surrounding codons. By comparing the results in genes at different expression levels, effects that are due to differences in mutation rates can be distinguished from those that are due to selection. Selective effects on the codon bias is found mostly from the first neighbouring base in the 3'direction, while neighbouring bases further away influence mostly the mutational bias. In some cases it is also possible to identify specific molecular processes, repair or avoidance of frame shift, that lead to the context dependence of the bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Berg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala Biomedical Center, Box 590, S-75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Silva PJ, Koehn RK, Diehl WJ, Ertl RP, Winshell EB, Santos M. The effect of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase genotype on in vitro specific activity and in vivo flux in Mytilus edulis. Biochem Genet 1989; 27:451-67. [PMID: 2619707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Four samples of the mussel Mytilus edulis were taken between 1984 and 1987 from Stony Brook, New York, and used to study the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) polymorphism in this species. In vitro specific activity and in vivo flux measured in the same animals were found to be significantly correlated. A significant effect of GPI genotype on flux was observed in one of the samples; overall, significant evidence of effect of genotype on enzyme activity was also obtained. GPI activities of common genotypes tend to deviate less from the population mean than those of rare (frequency less than 5%) genotypes. This suggests the possibility that rare GPI genotypes are rare as a consequence of having biochemical properties that deviate from an optimum level and, therefore, having a lower fitness. In support of this hypothesis, we found in one of our samples that shell length is a concave function of GPI activity with an intermediate optimum activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Silva
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794
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