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Haist KC, Gibbings SL, Jacobelli J, Mould KJ, Henson PM, Bratton DL. A LTB 4/CD11b self-amplifying loop drives pyogranuloma formation in chronic granulomatous disease. iScience 2024; 27:109589. [PMID: 38623335 PMCID: PMC11016758 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterile pyogranulomas and heightened cytokine production are hyperinflammatory hallmarks of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Using peritoneal cells of zymosan-treated CGD (gp91phox-/-) versus wild-type (WT) mice, an ex vivo system of pyogranuloma formation was developed to determine factors involved in and consequences of recruitment of neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs). Whereas WT cells failed to aggregate, CGD cells formed aggregates containing neutrophils initially, and MoMacs recruited secondarily. LTB4 was key, as antagonizing BLT1 blocked neutrophil aggregation, but acted only indirectly on MoMac recruitment. LTB4 upregulated CD11b expression on CGD neutrophils, and the absence/blockade of CD11b inhibited LTB4 production and cell aggregation. Neutrophil-dependent MoMac recruitment was independent of MoMac Nox2 status, BLT1, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CXCR2, and CXCR6. As proof of concept, CD11b-deficient CGD mice developed disrupted pyogranulomas with poorly organized neutrophils and diminished recruitment of MoMacs. Importantly, the disruption of cell aggregation and pyogranuloma formation markedly reduced proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey C. Haist
- National Jewish Health, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | - Jordan Jacobelli
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Barbara Davis Research Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kara J. Mould
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter M. Henson
- National Jewish Health, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Barbara Davis Research Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- National Jewish Health, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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2
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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3
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Moore PK, Anderson KC, McManus SA, Tu TH, King EM, Mould KJ, Redente EF, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, McCubbrey AL. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals unique monocyte-derived interstitial macrophage subsets during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L536-L549. [PMID: 36852927 PMCID: PMC10069979 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00223.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) reside in the lung tissue surrounding key structures including airways, vessels, and alveoli. Recent work has described IM heterogeneity during homeostasis, however, there are limited data on IMs during inflammation. We sought to characterize IM origin, subsets, and transcriptomic profiles during homeostasis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung inflammation. During homeostasis, we used three complementary methods, spectral flow cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and gene regulatory network enrichment, to demonstrate that IMs can be divided into two core subsets distinguished by surface and transcriptional expression of folate receptor β (Folr2/FRβ). These subsets inhabited distinct niches within the lung interstitium. Within FRβ+ IMs we identified a subpopulation marked by coexpression of LYVE1. During acute LPS-induced inflammation, lung IM numbers expand. Lineage tracing revealed IM expansion was due to recruitment of monocyte-derived IMs. At the peak of inflammation, recruited IMs were comprised two unique subsets defined by expression of genes associated with interferon signaling and glycolytic pathways. As recruited IMs matured, they adopted the overall transcriptional state of FRβ- resident IMs but retained expression in several origin-specific genes, such as IL-1β. FRβ+ IMs were of near-pure resident origin. Taken together our data show that during LPS-induced inflammation, there are distinct populations of IMs that likely have unique functions. FRΒ+ IMs comprise a stable, resident population, whereas FRβ- ΙΜs represent a mixed population of resident and recruited IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Kelsey C Anderson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Shannon A McManus
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Ting-Hui Tu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Emily M King
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
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4
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Hume PS, McClendon J, Kopf KW, Harral JW, Poczobutt JM, McCubbrey AL, Smith BJ, Henson PM, Majka SM, Petrache I, Janssen WJ. Cigarette smoke-induced airspace disease in mice develops independently of HIF-1α signaling in leukocytes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L391-L399. [PMID: 35943156 PMCID: PMC9484987 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00491.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent disease primarily caused by cigarette smoke exposure, is incompletely elucidated. Studies in humans and mice have suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) may play a role. Reduced lung levels of HIF-1α are associated with decreased vascular density, whereas increased leukocyte HIF-1α may be responsible for increased inflammation. To elucidate the specific role of leukocyte HIF-1α in COPD, we exposed transgenic mice with conditional deletion or overexpression of HIF-1α in leukocytes to cigarette smoke for 7 mo. Outcomes included pulmonary physiology, aerated lung volumes via microcomputed tomography, lung morphometry and histology, and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. On aggregate, cigarette smoke increased the aerated lung volume, quasi-static lung compliance, inspiratory capacity of all strains while reducing the total alveolar septal volume. Independent of smoke exposure, mice with leukocyte-specific HIF-1α overexpression had increased quasi-static compliance, inspiratory capacity, and alveolar septal volume compared with mice with leukocyte-specific HIF-1α deletion. However, the overall development of cigarette smoke-induced lung disease did not vary relative to control mice for either of the conditional strains. This suggests that the development of murine cigarette smoke-induced airspace disease occurs independently of leukocyte HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Hume
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jazalle McClendon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Katrina W Kopf
- Biological Resource Center, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Julie W Harral
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joanna M Poczobutt
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bradford J Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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McCubbrey AL, McManus SA, McClendon JD, Thomas SM, Chatwin HB, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Mould KJ, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Polyamine import and accumulation causes immunomodulation in macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110222. [PMID: 35021097 PMCID: PMC8859864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, is critical for tissue homeostasis and drives anti-inflammatory programming in engulfing macrophages. Here, we assess metabolites in naive and inflammatory macrophages following engulfment of multiple cellular and non-cellular targets. Efferocytosis leads to increases in the arginine-derived polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, polyamine accumulation after efferocytosis does not arise from retention of apoptotic cell metabolites or de novo synthesis but from enhanced polyamine import that is dependent on Rac1, actin, and PI3 kinase. Blocking polyamine import prevents efferocytosis from suppressing macrophage interleukin (IL)-1β or IL-6. This identifies efferocytosis as a trigger for polyamine import and accumulation, and imported polyamines as mediators of efferocytosis-induced immune reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Shannon A McManus
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jazalle D McClendon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | - Hope B Chatwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kara J Mould
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Peter M Henson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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6
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Mould KJ, Moore CM, McManus SA, McCubbrey AL, McClendon JD, Griesmer CL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Airspace Macrophages and Monocytes Exist in Transcriptionally Distinct Subsets in Healthy Adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:946-956. [PMID: 33079572 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202005-1989oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Macrophages are the most abundant immune cell in the alveoli and small airways and are traditionally viewed as a homogeneous population during health. Whether distinct subsets of airspace macrophages are present in healthy humans is unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing allows for examination of transcriptional heterogeneity between cells and between individuals. Understanding the conserved repertoire of airspace macrophages during health is essential to understanding cellular programing during disease.Objectives: We sought to determine the transcriptional heterogeneity of human cells obtained from BAL of healthy adults.Methods: Ten subjects underwent bronchoscopy with BAL. Cells from lavage were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Unique cell populations and putative functions were identified. Transcriptional profiles were compared across individuals.Measurements and Main Results: We identify two novel subgroups of resident airspace macrophages-defined by proinflammatory and metallothionein gene expression profiles. We define subsets of monocyte-like cells and compare them with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, we compare global macrophage and monocyte programing between males and females.Conclusions: Healthy human airspaces contain multiple populations of myeloid cells that are highly conserved between individuals and between sexes. Resident macrophages make up the largest population and include novel subsets defined by inflammatory and metal-binding profiles. Monocyte-like cells within the airspaces are transcriptionally aligned with circulating blood cells and include a rare population defined by expression of cell-matrix interaction genes. This study is the first to delineate the conserved heterogeneity of airspace immune cells during health and identifies two previously unrecognized macrophage subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Camille M Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Biomedical Research, and.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
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7
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Hume PS, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Tuder RM, Curran-Everett D, Henson PM, Smith BJ, Janssen WJ. Localization of Macrophages in the Human Lung via Design-based Stereology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1209-1217. [PMID: 32197050 PMCID: PMC7233346 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2105oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Interstitial macrophages (IMs) and airspace macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in lung homeostasis and host defense, and are central to the pathogenesis of a number of lung diseases. However, the absolute numbers of macrophages and the precise anatomic locations they occupy in the healthy human lung have not been quantified.Objectives: To determine the precise number and anatomic location of human pulmonary macrophages in nondiseased lungs and to quantify how this is altered in chronic cigarette smokers.Methods: Whole right upper lobes from 12 human donors without pulmonary disease (6 smokers and 6 nonsmokers) were evaluated using design-based stereology. CD206 (cluster of differentiation 206)-positive/CD43+ AMs and CD206+/CD43- IMs were counted in five distinct anatomical locations using the optical disector probe.Measurements and Main Results: An average of 2.1 × 109 IMs and 1.4 × 109 AMs were estimated per right upper lobe. Of the AMs, 95% were contained in diffusing airspaces and 5% in airways. Of the IMs, 78% were located within the alveolar septa, 14% around small vessels, and 7% around the airways. The local density of IMs was greater in the alveolar septa than in the connective tissue surrounding the airways or vessels. The total number and density of IMs was 36% to 56% greater in the lungs of cigarette smokers versus nonsmokers.Conclusions: The precise locations occupied by pulmonary macrophages were defined in nondiseased human lungs from smokers and nonsmokers. IM density was greatest in the alveolar septa. Lungs from chronic smokers had increased IM numbers and overall density, supporting a role for IMs in smoking-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Hume
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Sophie L. Gibbings
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, and
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - William J. Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
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8
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Haist KC, Henson PM, Bratton DL. Nox2 deficiency in neutrophils promotes excessive and sustained inflammatory responses at local and distal sites of inflammation. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.148.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) plays important roles both in protection from pathogens and in responses to inflammatory stimuli, and its functional loss is the cause of Chronic Granulomatous Disease. While earlier reports implicated macrophage Nox2 as the major contributor to inflammatory responses, we sought to determine the respective contributions of Nox2 in resident macrophages or neutrophils to early inflammatory responses induced by two different stimuli and routes of induction. We hypothesized that absence of Nox2 function in resident macrophages would drive excessive, prolonged inflammation. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) zymosan or intratracheal (i.t.) killed A. fumigatus in Nox2-deficient mice both drive a severe, sustained inflammatory response locally with continually elevated levels of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages and granulomata formation, whereas WT mice exhibit rapidly resolving responses. We employed a novel mixed bone marrow chimera approach in which neutrophils are predominantly Nox2-sufficient yet resident macrophages are largely Nox2-deficient. We treated these mice and WT control mixed chimeras with both i.p. zymosan and i.t. killed A. fumigatus and characterized the inflammatory response in both the lung and peritoneal cavity after either stimulus. Notably, the Nox2-deficient mixed chimeras responded similarly to WT control chimeras, including reduced neutrophil and monocyte recruitment and absence of granulomata, demonstrating that Nox2 deficiency specifically in neutrophils drives excessive inflammation in response to both i.p. zymosan and i.t. A. fumigatus. These data highlight the importance of neutrophil Nox2 in normal progression and resolution of these inflammatory responses.
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9
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Jansing NL, Patel N, McClendon J, Redente EF, Henson PM, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Nyengaard JR, Zemans RL. Flow Cytometry Underestimates and Planimetry Overestimates Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cell Expansion after Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019. [PMID: 29533675 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1838le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Dallas M Hyde
- 4 University of California at Davis Davis, California and
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Redente EF, Camp FA, Torres RM, Kedl RM, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Immune Surveillance by Natural IgM Is Required for Early Neoantigen Recognition and Initiation of Adaptive Immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:580-591. [PMID: 29953261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0159oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of neoantigen-expressing cells is complex, involving multiple immune cell types. In this study, in vivo, we examined how antigen-presenting cell subtypes coordinate and induce an immunological response against neoantigen-expressing cells, particularly in the absence of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, which is normally required to license antigen-presenting cells to present foreign or self-antigens as immunogens. Using two reductionist models of neoantigen-expressing cells and two cancer models, we demonstrated that natural IgM is essential for the recognition and initiation of adaptive immunity against neoantigen-expressing cells. Natural IgM antibodies form a cellular immune complex with the neoantigen-expressing cells. This immune complex licenses surveying monocytes to present neoantigens as immunogens to CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T helper cells, in turn, use CD40L to license cross-presenting CD40+ Batf3+ dendritic cells to elicit a cytotoxic T cell response against neoantigen-expressing cells. Any break along this immunological chain reaction results in the escape of neoantigen-expressing cells. This study demonstrates the surprising, essential role of natural IgM as the initiator of a sequential signaling cascade involving multiple immune cell subtypes. This sequence is required to coordinate an adaptive immune response against neoantigen-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - Faye A Camp
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raul M Torres
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ross M Kedl
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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11
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Mould KJ, Jackson ND, Henson PM, Seibold M, Janssen WJ. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies unique inflammatory airspace macrophage subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126556. [PMID: 30721157 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are well recognized for their dual roles in orchestrating inflammatory responses and regulating tissue repair. In almost all acutely inflamed tissues, 2 main subclasses of macrophages coexist. These include embryonically derived resident tissue macrophages and BM-derived recruited macrophages. While it is clear that macrophage subsets categorized in this fashion display distinct transcriptional and functional profiles, whether all cells within these categories and in the same inflammatory microenvironment share similar functions or whether further specialization exists has not been determined. To investigate inflammatory macrophage heterogeneity on a more granular level, we induced acute lung inflammation in mice and performed single cell RNA sequencing of macrophages isolated from the airspaces during health, peak inflammation, and resolution of inflammation. In doing so, we confirm that cell origin is the major determinant of alveolar macrophage (AM) programing, and, to our knowledge, we describe 2 previously uncharacterized, transcriptionally distinct subdivisions of AMs based on proliferative capacity and inflammatory programing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Mould
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Program for Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Max Seibold
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and.,Program for Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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12
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Neudecker V, Brodsky KS, Clambey ET, Schmidt EP, Packard TA, Davenport B, Standiford TJ, Weng T, Fletcher AA, Barthel L, Masterson JC, Furuta GT, Cai C, Blackburn MR, Ginde AA, Graner MW, Janssen WJ, Zemans RL, Evans CM, Burnham EL, Homann D, Moss M, Kreth S, Zacharowski K, Henson PM, Eltzschig HK. Neutrophil transfer of miR-223 to lung epithelial cells dampens acute lung injury in mice. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/408/eaah5360. [PMID: 28931657 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular transfer of microRNAs can mediate communication between critical effector cells. We hypothesized that transfer of neutrophil-derived microRNAs to pulmonary epithelial cells could alter mucosal gene expression during acute lung injury. Pulmonary-epithelial microRNA profiling during coculture of alveolar epithelial cells with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) revealed a selective increase in lung epithelial cell expression of microRNA-223 (miR-223). Analysis of PMN-derived supernatants showed activation-dependent release of miR-223 and subsequent transfer to alveolar epithelial cells during coculture in vitro or after ventilator-induced acute lung injury in mice. Genetic studies indicated that miR-223 deficiency was associated with severe lung inflammation, whereas pulmonary overexpression of miR-223 in mice resulted in protection during acute lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation or by infection with Staphylococcus aureus Studies of putative miR-223 gene targets implicated repression of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the miR-223-dependent attenuation of lung inflammation. Together, these findings suggest that intercellular transfer of miR-223 from neutrophils to pulmonary epithelial cells may dampen acute lung injury through repression of PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Neudecker
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kelley S Brodsky
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric T Clambey
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas A Packard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Bennett Davenport
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashley A Fletcher
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lea Barthel
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adit A Ginde
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc Moss
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simone Kreth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter M Henson
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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McCubbrey AL, Barthel L, Mohning MP, Redente EF, Mould KJ, Thomas SM, Leach SM, Danhorn T, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Deletion of c-FLIP from CD11b hi Macrophages Prevents Development of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:66-78. [PMID: 28850249 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0154oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with complex pathophysiology and fatal prognosis. Macrophages (MΦ) contribute to the development of lung fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms and specific MΦ subsets involved remain unclear. During lung injury, two subsets of lung MΦ coexist: Siglec-Fhi resident alveolar MΦ and a mixed population of CD11bhi MΦ that primarily mature from immigrating monocytes. Using a novel inducible transgenic system driven by a fragment of the human CD68 promoter, we targeted deletion of the antiapoptotic protein cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) to CD11bhi MΦ. Upon loss of c-FLIP, CD11bhi MΦ became susceptible to cell death. Using this system, we were able to show that eliminating CD11bhi MΦ present 7-14 days after bleomycin injury was sufficient to protect mice from fibrosis. RNA-seq analysis of lung MΦ present during this time showed that CD11bhi MΦ, but not Siglec-Fhi MΦ, expressed high levels of profibrotic chemokines and growth factors. Human MΦ from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis expressed many of the same profibrotic chemokines identified in murine CD11bhi MΦ. Elimination of monocyte-derived MΦ may help in the treatment of fibrosis. We identify c-FLIP and the associated extrinsic cell death program as a potential pathway through which these profibrotic MΦ may be pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCubbrey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lea Barthel
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael P Mohning
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,4 Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kara J Mould
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 5 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,6 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 5 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, and.,6 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,7 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anshutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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14
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Jansing NL, McClendon J, Henson PM, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Zemans RL. Unbiased Quantitation of Alveolar Type II to Alveolar Type I Cell Transdifferentiation during Repair after Lung Injury in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:519-526. [PMID: 28586241 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0037ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium consists of squamous alveolar type (AT) I and cuboidal ATII cells. ATI cells cover 95-98% of the alveolar surface, thereby playing a critical role in barrier integrity, and are extremely thin, thus permitting efficient gas exchange. During lung injury, ATI cells die, resulting in increased epithelial permeability. ATII cells re-epithelialize the alveolar surface via proliferation and transdifferentiation into ATI cells. Transdifferentiation is characterized by down-regulation of ATII cell markers, up-regulation of ATI cell markers, and cell spreading, resulting in a change in morphology from cuboidal to squamous, thus restoring normal alveolar architecture and function. The mechanisms underlying ATII to ATI cell transdifferentiation have not been well studied in vivo. A prerequisite for mechanistic investigation is a rigorous, unbiased method to quantitate this process. Here, we used SPCCreERT2;mTmG mice, in which ATII cells and their progeny express green fluorescent protein (GFP), and applied stereologic techniques to measure transdifferentiation during repair after injury induced by LPS. Transdifferentiation was quantitated as the percent of alveolar surface area covered by ATII-derived (GFP+) cells expressing ATI, but not ATII, cell markers. Using this methodology, the time course and magnitude of transdifferentiation during repair was determined. We found that ATI cell loss and epithelial permeability occurred by Day 4, and ATII to ATI cell transdifferentiation began by Day 7 and continued until Day 16. Notably, transdifferentiation and barrier restoration are temporally correlated. This methodology can be applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying transdifferentiation, ultimately revealing novel therapeutic targets to accelerate repair after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Jansing
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jazalle McClendon
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Peter M Henson
- 2 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and.,4 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- 5 Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Dallas M Hyde
- 6 California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,3 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and
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15
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Mohning MP, Thomas SM, Barthel L, Mould KJ, McCubbrey AL, Frasch SC, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Phagocytosis of microparticles by alveolar macrophages during acute lung injury requires MerTK. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L69-L82. [PMID: 28935638 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are a newly recognized class of mediators in the pathophysiology of lung inflammation and injury, but little is known about the factors that regulate their accumulation and clearance. The primary objective of our study was to determine whether alveolar macrophages engulf microparticles and to elucidate the mechanisms by which this occurs. Alveolar microparticles were quantified in bronchoalveolar fluid of mice with lung injury induced by LPS and hydrochloric acid. Microparticle numbers were greatest at the peak of inflammation and declined as inflammation resolved. Isolated, fluorescently labeled particles were placed in culture with macrophages to evaluate ingestion in the presence of endocytosis inhibitors. Ingestion was blocked with cytochalasin D and wortmannin, consistent with a phagocytic process. In separate experiments, mice were treated intratracheally with labeled microparticles, and their uptake was assessed though microscopy and flow cytometry. Resident alveolar macrophages, not recruited macrophages, were the primary cell-ingesting microparticles in the alveolus during lung injury. In vitro, microparticles promoted inflammatory signaling in LPS primed epithelial cells, signifying the importance of microparticle clearance in resolving lung injury. Microparticles were found to have phosphatidylserine exposed on their surfaces. Accordingly, we measured expression of phosphatidylserine receptors on macrophages and found high expression of MerTK and Axl in the resident macrophage population. Endocytosis of microparticles was markedly reduced in MerTK-deficient macrophages in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, microparticles are released during acute lung injury and peak in number at the height of inflammation. Resident alveolar macrophages efficiently clear these microparticles through MerTK-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Mohning
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Lea Barthel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Kara J Mould
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexandria L McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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16
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Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Atif SM, McCubbrey AL, Desch AN, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, Jakubzick CV. Three Unique Interstitial Macrophages in the Murine Lung at Steady State. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:66-76. [PMID: 28257233 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm in macrophage biology is that some tissues mainly contain macrophages from embryonic origin, such as microglia in the brain, whereas other tissues contain postnatal-derived macrophages, such as the gut. However, in the lung and in other organs, such as the skin, there are both embryonic and postnatal-derived macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate in the steady-state lung that the mononuclear phagocyte system is comprised of three newly identified interstitial macrophages (IMs), alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and few extravascular monocytes. We focused on similarities and differences between the three IM subtypes, specifically, their phenotype, location, transcriptional signature, phagocytic capacity, turnover, and lack of survival dependency on fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1. Pulmonary IMs were located in the bronchial interstitium but not the alveolar interstitium. At the transcriptional level, all three IMs displayed a macrophage signature and phenotype. All IMs expressed MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase, CD64, CD11b, and CX3CR1, and were further distinguished by differences in cell surface protein expression of CD206, Lyve-1, CD11c, CCR2, and MHC class II, along with the absence of Ly6C, Ly6G, and Siglec F. Most intriguingly, in addition to the lung, similar phenotypic populations of IMs were observed in other nonlymphoid organs, perhaps highlighting conserved functions throughout the body. These findings promote future research to track four distinct pulmonary macrophages and decipher the division of labor that exists between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - A Nicole Desch
- 3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 4 Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 4 Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Donna L Bratton
- 3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,5 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
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17
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Abstract
In metazoans, removal of cells in situ is involved in larval maturation, metamorphosis, and embryonic development. In adults, such cell removal plays a role in the homeostatic maintenance of cell numbers and tissue integrity as well as in the response to cell injury and damage. This removal involves uptake of the whole or fragmented target cells into phagocytes. Depending on the organism, these latter may be near-neighbor tissue cells and/or professional phagocytes such as, in vertebrates, members of the myeloid family of cells, especially macrophages. The uptake processes appear to involve specialized and highly conserved recognition ligands and receptors, intracellular signaling in the phagocytes, and mechanisms for ingestion. The recognition of cells destined for this form of removal is critical and, significantly, is distinguished for the most part from the recognition of foreign materials and organisms by the innate and adaptive immune systems. In keeping with the key role of cell removal in maintaining tissue homeostasis, constant cell removal is normally silent, i.e., does not initiate a local tissue reaction. This article discusses these complex and wide-ranging processes in general terms as well as the implications when these processes are disrupted in inflammation, immunity, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, and Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80206;
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18
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Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Frasch CS, Atif SM, McCubbrey AL, Desch AN, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, Jakubzick CV. Three unique interstitial macrophages in the murine lung at steady state. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.209.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale
The current paradigm in macrophage biology is that some tissues mainly contain macrophages from embryonic origin such as microglia in the brain, while other tissues contain postnatal-derived macrophages, such as the gut. However, in the lung and in other organs such as the skin, there are both embryonic and postnatal-derived macrophages.
Objectives
In this study, we demonstrate in the steady-state lung that the mononuclear phagocyte system is comprised of three newly identified interstitial macrophages (IMs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), dendritic cells and few extravascular monocytes.
Methods
We focused on similarities and differences between the three IM subtypes, specifically, their phenotype, location, transcriptional signature, phagocytic capacity, turnover and lack of survival dependency on CX3CR1.
Measurements and Main Results
Pulmonary IMs were located in the bronchial interstitium but not the alveolar interstitium. At the transcriptional level, all three IMs displayed a macrophage signature. All IMs expressed MerTK+CD64+ CD11b+ CX CR1+ and were furthermore distinguished by differences in cell surface protein expression of CD206, Lyve-1, CD11c, CCR2 and MHCII, along with the absence of Ly6C, Ly6G, and Siglec F. Ex vivo analysis revealed that all three IMs were highly phagocytic compared to AMs. Finally, similar phenotypic populations of IMs were present in other non-lymphoid organs, suggesting that these IMs may not be unique to the lung.
Conclusions
These findings promote future research to track four distinct pulmonary macrophages and decipher the division of labor that exists between them.
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19
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Larson SR, Atif SM, Jakubzick C, Henson PM. TLR7 enhances cross-presentation in Ly6C(+) monocytes by targeting endosomal properties. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.209.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Effector functions of monocytes beyond terminal differentiation has recently come to light. In the present study we have made the novel discovery that Ly6C(+) monocytes can acquire cell-associated Ag from apoptotic cells, termed as efferocytosis. This property was enhanced by the presence of pathogenic stimuli (TLR ligands) directly acting on monocytes. Furthermore, we have shown that monocytes can cross-present Ag acquired from those apoptotic cells, with differential ability of TLR4 and TLR7 ligands in enhancing that process. This has led us to investigate the role of various pathogenic stimuli beyond these two ligands. Our data has confirmed our previous findings and further established the fact that among known TLR ligands, TLR7 selectively enhanced the presentation of peptides on MHC-I molecules. To elucidate the mechanism, we performed RNA sequencing on monocytes treated with a TLR7 ligand showing the involvement of endosomal proteins in antigen presentation, specifically subunits of the NADPH oxidase. Our data clearly demonstrated the role of Ncf-1 in TLR7 mediated enhanced activation of antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Overall, this study defines a unique role for Ly6C(+) monocytes in promoting immunity against single-stranded virus by regulating endosomal pH, a characterized process required for Batf3-dependent DC cross-presentation.
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20
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Frasch SC, McNamee EN, Kominsky D, Jedlicka P, Jakubzick C, Zemski Berry K, Mack M, Furuta GT, Lee JJ, Henson PM, Colgan SP, Bratton DL. G2A Signaling Dampens Colitic Inflammation via Production of IFN-γ. J Immunol 2016; 197:1425-34. [PMID: 27402702 PMCID: PMC4975950 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory consequences have been described for lysophosphatidylcholine, a lipid product of cellular injury, signaling via the G protein-coupled receptor G2A on myeloid and lymphoid inflammatory cells. This prompted the hypothesis that genetic deletion of G2A would limit intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Surprisingly, G2A(-/-) mice exhibited significantly worsened colitis compared with wild-type mice, as demonstrated by disease activity, colon shortening, histology, and elevated IL-6 and IL-5 in colon tissues. Investigation of inflammatory cells recruited to inflamed G2A(-/-) colons showed significantly more TNF-α(+) and Ly6C(hi)MHCII(-) proinflammatory monocytes and eosinophils than in wild-type colons. Both monocytes and eosinophils were pathogenic as their depletion abolished the excess inflammation in G2A(-/-) mice. G2A(-/-) mice also had less IFN-γ in inflamed colon tissues than wild-type mice. Fewer CD4(+) lymphocytes were recruited to inflamed G2A(-/-) colons, and fewer colonic lymphocytes produced IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation. Administration of IFN-γ to G2A(-/-) mice during dextran sodium sulfate exposure abolished the excess colitic inflammation and reduced colonic IL-5 and eosinophil numbers to levels seen in wild-type mice. Furthermore, IFN-γ reduced the numbers of TNF-α(+) monocyte and enhanced their maturation from Ly6C(hi)MHCII(-) to Ly6C(int)MHCII(+) Taken together, the data suggest that G2A signaling serves to dampen intestinal inflammation via the production of IFN-γ, which, in turn, enhances monocyte maturation to a less inflammatory program and ultimately reduces eosinophil-induced injury of colonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Douglas Kominsky
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Claudia Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045; Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
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21
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Larson SR, Thomas S, Atif SM, Gibbings S, Prabagar M, Henson PM, Jakubzick C. Ly6C+ monocyte efferocytosis and cross-presentation of cell-associated antigen. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.116.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently it was shown that circulating Ly6C+ monocytes traffic from tissue to the draining lymph nodes (LNs) with minimal alteration in their overall phenotype. Furthermore, in the steady state, Ly6C+ monocytes are as abundant as classical dendritic cells (DCs) within the draining LNs, and even more abundant during inflammation. However, little is known about the functional roles of constitutively trafficking Ly6C+ monocytes. In this study we investigated whether Ly6C+ monocytes can efferocytose (acquire dying cells) and cross-present cell-associated antigen, a functional property specially attributed to Batf3+ DCs. We demonstrated that Ly6C+ monocytes intrinsically efferocytose and cross-present cell-associated antigen to CD8+ T cells. In addition, efferocytosis was enhanced upon direct activation of the Ly6C+ monocytes through its corresponding TLRs, TLR4 and TLR7. However, only ligation of TLR7, and not TLR4, enhanced cross-presentation by Ly6C+ monocytes. Overall, this study outlines two functional roles, among others, that Ly6C+ monocytes have during an adaptive immune response.
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Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Gill RG, Murphy KM, Grazia T, Torres RM, Henson PM, Randolph GJ, Jakubzick C. Coordinated immune activation by distinct mononuclear phagocytes subtypes against the mismatch of minor antigens. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.116.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, we identified that Batf3-dependent DCs were solely responsible for the rejection of minor antigen-mismatched grafts, and demonstrated in Batf3−/− female mice, lacking Batf3-dependent DCs, the complete acceptance of minor antigen-mismatched male cells, which are normally rejected in WT female mice. Intriguingly, this rejection occurs in the absence of PAMPs, leading to considerable uncertainty of how endogenous APC subtypes become activated and licensed to induce an adaptive immune response against male cells in female mice. Investigating this gap in knowledge is the main goal of this study. Rejection of minor antigen-mismatched grafts involves all branches of the immune system: adaptive immunity (T cells), humoral immunity (B cells) and innate immunity (DCs and antigen-presenting monocytes). Although we showed that depletion of one cell type dampens or omits the inflammatory outcome of minor antigen-mismatched graft rejection, here we show how lymphoid and myeloid cell subtypes act sequentially and in concert for the induction of minor antigen-mismatched graft rejection without the presence of PAMPs. In conclusion, we believe that understanding the mechanisms of action against minor antigen-mismatched graft rejection will also apply more broadly to other diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer, in which an immune response is elicited against self-associated minor antigens.
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23
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Larson SR, Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Prabagar MG, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Ly6C(+) monocyte efferocytosis and cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:997-1003. [PMID: 26990659 PMCID: PMC4987733 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently it was shown that circulating Ly6C+ monocytes traffic from tissue to the draining lymph nodes (LNs) with minimal alteration in their overall phenotype. Furthermore, in the steady state, Ly6C+ monocytes are as abundant as classical dendritic cells (DCs) within the draining LNs, and even more abundant during inflammation. However, little is known about the functional roles of constitutively trafficking Ly6C+ monocytes. In this study we investigated whether Ly6C+ monocytes can efferocytose (acquire dying cells) and cross-present cell-associated antigen, a functional property particularly attributed to Batf3+ DCs. We demonstrated that Ly6C+ monocytes intrinsically efferocytose and cross-present cell-associated antigen to CD8+ T cells. In addition, efferocytosis was enhanced upon direct activation of the Ly6C+ monocytes through its corresponding TLRs, TLR4 and TLR7. However, only ligation of TLR7, and not TLR4, enhanced cross-presentation by Ly6C+ monocytes. Overall, this study outlines two functional roles, among others, that Ly6C+ monocytes have during an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S M Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S L Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S M Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - M G Prabagar
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - T Danhorn
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S M Leach
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - P M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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24
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Desch AN, Gibbings SL, Goyal R, Kolde R, Bednarek J, Bruno T, Slansky JE, Jacobelli J, Mason R, Ito Y, Messier E, Randolph GJ, Prabagar M, Atif SM, Segura E, Xavier RJ, Bratton DL, Janssen WJ, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Nondiseased Human Lung and Lung-Draining Lymph Nodes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:614-26. [PMID: 26551758 PMCID: PMC4824940 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201507-1376oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The pulmonary mononuclear phagocyte system is a critical host defense mechanism composed of macrophages, monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells. However, our current characterization of these cells is limited because it is derived largely from animal studies and analysis of human mononuclear phagocytes from blood and small tissue resections around tumors. OBJECTIVES Phenotypic and morphologic characterization of mononuclear phagocytes that potentially access inhaled antigens in human lungs. METHODS We acquired and analyzed pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes from fully intact nondiseased human lungs (including the major blood vessels and draining lymph nodes) obtained en bloc from 72 individual donors. Differential labeling of hematopoietic cells via intrabronchial and intravenous administration of antibodies within the same lobe was used to identify extravascular tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes and exclude cells within the vascular lumen. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to identify mononuclear phagocyte populations among cells labeled by each route of antibody delivery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We performed a phenotypic analysis of pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes isolated from whole nondiseased human lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes. Five pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes were observed, including macrophages, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells that were phenotypically distinct from cell populations found in blood. CONCLUSIONS Different mononuclear phagocytes, particularly dendritic cells, were labeled by intravascular and intrabronchial antibody delivery, countering the notion that tissue and blood mononuclear phagocytes are equivalent systems. Phenotypic descriptions of the mononuclear phagocytes in nondiseased lungs provide a precedent for comparative studies in diseased lungs and potential targets for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nicole Desch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rajni Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joe Bednarek
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Tullia Bruno
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Yoko Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elise Messier
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Miglena Prabagar
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shaikh M. Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elodie Segura
- INSERM U932, Paris, France; and
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J. Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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25
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Fernandez-Boyanapalli RF, Falcone EL, Zerbe CS, Marciano BE, Frasch SC, Henson PM, Holland SM, Bratton DL. Impaired efferocytosis in human chronic granulomatous disease is reversed by pioglitazone treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1399-1401.e3. [PMID: 26386811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christa S Zerbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
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26
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Fornetti J, Flanders KC, Henson PM, Tan AC, Borges VF, Schedin P. Mammary epithelial cell phagocytosis downstream of TGF-β3 is characterized by adherens junction reorganization. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:185-96. [PMID: 26113040 PMCID: PMC4716300 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
After weaning, during mammary gland involution, milk-producing mammary epithelial cells undergo apoptosis. Effective clearance of these dying cells is essential, as persistent apoptotic cells have a negative impact on gland homeostasis, future lactation and cancer susceptibility. In mice, apoptotic cells are cleared by the neighboring epithelium, yet little is known about how mammary epithelial cells become phagocytic or whether this function is conserved between species. Here we use a rat model of weaning-induced involution and involuting breast tissue from women, to demonstrate apoptotic cells within luminal epithelial cells and epithelial expression of the scavenger mannose receptor, suggesting conservation of phagocytosis by epithelial cells. In the rat, epithelial transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is increased during involution, a pathway known to promote phagocytic capability. To test whether TGF-β enhances the phagocytic ability of mammary epithelial cells, non-transformed murine mammary epithelial EpH4 cells were cultured to achieve tight junction impermeability, such as occurs during lactation. TGF-β3 treatment promoted loss of tight junction impermeability, reorganization and cleavage of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin (E-cad), and phagocytosis. Phagocytosis correlated with junction disruption, suggesting junction reorganization is necessary for phagocytosis by epithelial cells. Supporting this hypothesis, epithelial cell E-cad reorganization and cleavage were observed in rat and human involuting mammary glands. Further, in the rat, E-cad cleavage correlated with increased γ-secretase activity and β-catenin nuclear localization. In vitro, pharmacologic inhibitors of γ-secretase or β-catenin reduced the effect of TGF-β3 on phagocytosis to near baseline levels. However, β-catenin signaling through LiCl treatment did not enhance phagocytic capacity, suggesting a model in which both reorganization of cell junctions and β-catenin signaling contribute to phagocytosis downstream of TGF-β3. Our data provide insight into how mammary epithelial cells contribute to apoptotic cell clearance, and in light of the negative consequences of impaired apoptotic cell clearance during involution, may shed light on involution-associated breast pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fornetti
- Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Program in Immunobiology and Cancer, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - K C Flanders
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P M Henson
- Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A-C Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - V F Borges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - P Schedin
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, USA
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27
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Atif SM, Nelsen MK, Gibbings SL, Desch AN, Kedl RM, Gill RG, Marrack P, Murphy KM, Grazia TJ, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Cutting Edge: Roles for Batf3-Dependent APCs in the Rejection of Minor Histocompatibility Antigen-Mismatched Grafts. J Immunol 2015; 195:46-50. [PMID: 26034174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In transplantation, a major obstacle for graft acceptance in MHC-matched individuals is the mismatch of minor histocompatibility Ags. Minor histocompatibility Ags are peptides derived from polymorphic proteins that can be presented by APCs on MHC molecules. The APC subtype uniquely responsible for the rejection of minor Ag-mismatched grafts has not yet been identified. In this study, we examined graft rejection in three mouse models: 1) mismatch of male-specific minor Ags, 2) mismatch of minor Ags distinct from male-specific minor Ags, and 3) skin transplant. This study demonstrates that in the absence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, Batf3-dependent dendritic cells elicit the rejection of cells and grafts expressing mismatched minor Ags. The implication of our findings in clinical transplantation may be significant, as minor Ag reactivity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple allograft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Michelle K Nelsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | | | - A Nicole Desch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Ronald G Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; and
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Todd J Grazia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206;
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Fernandez-Boyanapalli RF, Frasch SC, Thomas SM, Malcolm KC, Nicks M, Harbeck RJ, Jakubzick CV, Nemenoff R, Henson PM, Holland SM, Bratton DL. Pioglitazone restores phagocyte mitochondrial oxidants and bactericidal capacity in chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:517-527.e12. [PMID: 25498313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results in susceptibility to certain pathogens secondary to impaired oxidative killing and mobilization of other phagocyte defenses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, including pioglitazone, approved for type 2 diabetes therapy alter cellular metabolism and can heighten ROS production. It was hypothesized that pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice, a murine model of human CGD, would enhance phagocyte oxidant production and killing of Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen in patients with this disorder. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether pioglitazone treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice enhanced phagocyte oxidant production and host defense. METHODS Wild-type and gp91(phox-/-) mice were treated with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, and phagocyte ROS and killing of S aureus were investigated. RESULTS As demonstrated by 3 different ROS-sensing probes, short-term treatment of gp91(phox-/-) mice with pioglitazone enhanced stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and monocytes from blood and neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages recruited to tissues. Mitochondria were identified as the source of ROS. Findings were replicated in human monocytes from patients with CGD after ex vivo pioglitazone treatment. Importantly, although mitochondrial (mt)ROS were deficient in gp91(phox-/-) phagocytes, their restoration with treatment significantly enabled killing of S aureus both ex vivo and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data support the hypothesis that signaling from the NADPH oxidase under normal circumstances governs phagocyte mtROS production and that such signaling is lacking in the absence of a functioning phagocyte oxidase. PPARγ agonism appears to bypass the need for the NADPH oxidase for enhanced mtROS production and partially restores host defense in CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacey M Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Michael Nicks
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Ronald J Harbeck
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Raphael Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
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29
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Yunt ZX, Mohning MP, Barthel L, Kearns MT, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Kinetics of the angiogenic response in lung endothelium following acute inflammatory injury with bleomycin. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:415-25. [PMID: 25153689 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.938202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Angiogenesis is a central component of normal wound healing but it has not been fully characterized in lung repair following acute inflammatory injury. The current literature lacks vital information pertaining to the extent, timing, and location of this process. This information is necessary for examining mechanisms that drive normal lung repair in resolving acute inflammatory injury. The goal of our study was to formally characterize lung angiogenesis over a time course of bleomycin-induced lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice age 8-12 weeks were treated with a single dose of intratracheal bleomycin. Total lung endothelial cells were quantified with flow cytometry 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days following bleomycin administration, and endothelial cell replication was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. RESULTS Endothelial cell replication was maximal 14 days after bleomycin administration, while total lung endothelial cells peaked at day 21. Tissue analysis with stereology was performed to measure total lung vascular surface area in bleomycin at day 21 relative to controls and demonstrated a trend toward increased vasculature in the bleomycin group. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis begins shortly after injury in the bleomycin model and leads to an expansion in the lung endothelial cell population that peaks at day 21. This study offers the first longitudinal examination of angiogenesis following acute inflammatory lung injury induced by bleomycin. Information provided in this study will be vital for further investigating mechanisms of angiogenesis in both normal and abnormal lung repair.
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30
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Kearns MT, Barthel L, Bednarek JM, Yunt ZX, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Fas ligand-expressing lymphocytes enhance alveolar macrophage apoptosis in the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L62-70. [PMID: 24838751 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00273.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of alveolar macrophages and their subsequent clearance by neighboring phagocytes are necessary steps in the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation. We have recently identified that activation of the Fas death receptor on the cell surface of macrophages drives macrophage apoptosis. However, the source of the cognate ligand for Fas (FasL) responsible for induction of alveolar macrophage apoptosis is not defined. Given their known role in the resolution of inflammation and ability to induce macrophage apoptosis ex vivo, we hypothesized that T lymphocytes represented a critical source of FasL. To address this hypothesis, C57BL/6J and lymphocyte-deficient (Rag-1(-/-)) mice were exposed to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide to induce pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, utilizing mice expressing nonfunctional FasL, we adoptively transferred donor lymphocytes into inflamed lymphocyte-deficient mice to characterize the effect of lymphocyte-derived FasL on alveolar macrophage apoptosis in the resolution of inflammation. Herein, evidence is presented that lymphocytes expressing FasL enhance alveolar macrophage apoptosis during the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation. Moreover, lymphocyte induction of alveolar macrophage apoptosis results in contraction of the alveolar macrophage pool, which occurs in a FasL-dependent manner. Specifically, FasL-expressing CD8(+) T lymphocytes potently induce alveolar macrophage apoptosis and contraction of the alveolar macrophage pool. Together, these studies identify a novel role for CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Kearns
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado;
| | - Lea Barthel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - Zulma X Yunt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
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31
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Redente EF, Keith RC, Janssen W, Henson PM, Ortiz LA, Downey GP, Bratton DL, Riches DWH. Tumor necrosis factor-α accelerates the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis in mice by targeting profibrotic lung macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:825-37. [PMID: 24325577 PMCID: PMC4068926 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0386oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relentless, fibrotic parenchymal lung disease in which alternatively programmed macrophages produce profibrotic molecules that promote myofibroblast survival and collagen synthesis. Effective therapies to treat patients with IPF are lacking, and conventional therapy may be harmful. We tested the hypothesis that therapeutic lung delivery of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α into wild-type fibrotic mice would reduce the profibrotic milieu and accelerate the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis was assessed in bleomycin-instilled wild-type and TNF-α(-/-) mice by measuring hydroxyproline levels, static compliance, and Masson's trichrome staining. Macrophage infiltration and programming status was assessed by flow cytometry of enzymatically digested lung and in situ immunostaining. Pulmonary delivery of TNF-α to wild-type mice with established pulmonary fibrosis was found to reduce their fibrotic burden, to improve lung function and architecture, and to reduce the number and programming status of profibrotic alternatively programmed macrophages. In contrast, fibrosis and alternative macrophage programming were prolonged in bleomycin-instilled TNF-α(-/-) mice. To address the role of the reduced numbers of alternatively programmed macrophages in the TNF-α-induced resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis, we conditionally depleted macrophages in MAFIA (MAcrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis) mice. Conditional macrophage depletion phenocopied the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis observed after therapeutic TNF-α delivery. Taken together, our results show for the first time that TNF-α is involved in the resolution of established pulmonary fibrosis via a mechanism involving reduced numbers and programming status of profibrotic macrophages. We speculate that pulmonary delivery of TNF-α or augmenting its signaling pathway represent a novel therapeutic strategy to resolve established pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca C. Keith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - William Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory P. Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
| | | | - David W. H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Integrated Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
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Aschner Y, Khalifah AP, Briones N, Yamashita C, Dolgonos L, Young SK, Campbell MN, Riches DWH, Redente EF, Janssen WJ, Henson PM, Sap J, Vacaresse N, Kapus A, McCulloch CAG, Zemans RL, Downey GP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase α mediates profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts through TGF-β responsiveness. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:1489-502. [PMID: 24650563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic lung diseases represent a diverse group of progressive and often fatal disorders with limited treatment options. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions remains incompletely understood, receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTP-α encoded by PTPRA) has emerged as a key regulator of fibroblast signaling. We previously reported that PTP-α regulates cellular responses to cytokines and growth factors through integrin-mediated signaling and that PTP-α promotes fibroblast expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3, a matrix-degrading proteinase linked to pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we sought to determine more directly the role of PTP-α in pulmonary fibrosis. Mice genetically deficient in PTP-α (Ptpra(-/-)) were protected from pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal bleomycin, with minimal alterations in the early inflammatory response or production of TGF-β. Ptpra(-/-) mice were also protected from pulmonary fibrosis induced by adenoviral-mediated expression of active TGF-β1. In reciprocal bone marrow chimera experiments, the protective phenotype tracked with lung parenchymal cells but not bone marrow-derived cells. Because fibroblasts are key contributors to tissue fibrosis, we compared profibrotic responses in wild-type and Ptpra(-/-) mouse embryonic and lung fibroblasts. Ptpra(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited hyporesponsiveness to TGF-β, manifested by diminished expression of αSMA, EDA-fibronectin, collagen 1A, and CTGF. Ptpra(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited markedly attenuated TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 transcriptional activity. We conclude that PTP-α promotes profibrotic signaling pathways in fibroblasts through control of cellular responsiveness to TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anthony P Khalifah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie Briones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Cory Yamashita
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lior Dolgonos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Scott K Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Megan N Campbell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David W H Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jan Sap
- Unit of Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Vacaresse
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute-St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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Janssen WJ, Yunt ZX, Muldrow A, Kearns MT, Kloepfer A, Barthel L, Bratton DL, Bowler RP, Henson PM. Circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells are decreased in COPD. COPD 2013; 11:277-89. [PMID: 24182349 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2013.841668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bone marrow derived progenitor cells participate in the repair of injured vessels. The lungs of individuals with emphysema have reduced alveolar capillary density and increased endothelial apoptosis. We hypothesized that circulating levels of endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells would be reduced in this group of patients. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to measure circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in subjects with COPD and to determine if progenitor levels correlated with disease severity and the presence of emphysema. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 61 patients with COPD and 32 control subjects. Levels of EPCs (CD45(dim) CD34+) and HPCs (CD45(+) CD34(+) VEGF-R2(+)) were quantified using multi-parameter flow cytometry. Progenitor cell function was assessed using cell culture assays. All subjects were evaluated with spirometry and CT scanning. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS HPC levels were reduced in subjects with COPD compared to controls, whereas circulating EPC levels were similar between the two groups. HPC levels correlated with severity of obstruction and were lowest in subjects with severe emphysema. These associations remained after correction for factors known to affect progenitor cell levels including age, smoking status, the use of statin medications and the presence of coronary artery disease. The ability of mononuclear cells to form endothelial cell colony forming units (EC-CFU) was also reduced in subjects with COPD. CONCLUSIONS HPC levels are reduced in subjects with COPD and correlate with emphysema phenotype and severity of obstruction. Reduction of HPCs may disrupt maintenance of the capillary endothelium, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Janssen
- 1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Abstract
Loss of Rac1 in airway epithelial cells has demonstrated its participation in the ingestion of apoptotic cells and, more importantly, has revealed an unexpected role for Rac1 in maintaining the anti-inflammatory and non-immunogenic environment of the lung and reducing the intensity of allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Henson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Xiong W, Frasch SC, Thomas SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM. Induction of TGF-β1 synthesis by macrophages in response to apoptotic cells requires activation of the scavenger receptor CD36. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72772. [PMID: 23936544 PMCID: PMC3732218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on apoptotic cells has been shown to stimulate production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and promote anti-inflammatory responses. However, the PS receptor(s) responsible for this induction has not been clearly determined. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, using RAWTβRII cells in which a truncated dominant negative TGF-β receptor II was stably transfected in order to avoid auto-feedback induction of TGF-β, we show that TGF-β1 synthesis is initiated via activation of the scavenger receptor, CD36. The response requires exposure of PS on the apoptotic cell surface and was absent in macrophages lacking CD36. Direct activation of CD36 with an anti-CD36 antibody initiated TGF-β1 production, and signaling pathways involving both Lyn kinase and ERK1/2 were shown to participate in CD36-driven TGF-β1 expression. Conclusion/Significance Since CD36 has been previously implicated in activation of secreted latent TGF-β, the present study indicates its role in the multiple steps to generation of this important biological mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - S. Courtney Frasch
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stacey M. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Apoptotic cells are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages, a process that represents a critical step in tissue remodeling, immune responses, and the resolution of inflammation. In 1998, Peter Henson, Donna Bratton, and colleagues at National Jewish Health demonstrated that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells actively suppresses inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and inducing production of antiinflammatory factors, including TGF-β and prostaglandin E2. Here they discuss the evolving relationship among apoptosis, phagocytosis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Henson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Abstract
Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) constantly sample the tissue and traffic inhaled antigens to the lung-draining lymph node where they normally orchestrate an appropriate immune response. The dynamic ability of these professional antigen-presenting cells to promote tolerance or immunity has been intensively studied by several groups, including ours. Distinct DC subsets in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues have been described based on their surface molecule expression and location. Current efforts to unravel DC development and function are providing insight into the various roles each subset offers the immune system. Elucidating DC functions, particularly in the lung, may then allow use of the inherent ability of these cells for enhanced vaccine strategies and therapeutics for pulmonary infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicole Desch
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
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Lara AR, Cosgrove GP, Janssen WJ, Huie TJ, Burnham EL, Heinz DE, Curran-Everett D, Sahin H, Schwarz MI, Cool CD, Groshong SD, Geraci MW, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Henson PM. Increased lymphatic vessel length is associated with the fibroblast reticulum and disease severity in usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Chest 2013; 142:1569-1576. [PMID: 22797508 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangiogenesis responds to tissue injury as a key component of normal wound healing. The development of fibrosis in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias may result from abnormal wound healing in response to injury. We hypothesize that increased lymphatic vessel (LV) length, a marker of lymphangiogenesis, is associated with parenchymal components of the fibroblast reticulum (organizing collagen, fibrotic collagen, and fibroblast foci), and its extent correlates with disease severity. METHODS We assessed stereologically the parenchymal structure of fibrotic lungs and its associated lymphatic network, which was highlighted immunohistochemically in age-matched samples of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) with FVC < 80%, COPD with a Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease stage 0, and normal control lungs. RESULTS LV length density, as opposed to vessel volume density, was found to be associated with organizing and fibrotic collagen density (P < .0001). Length density of LVs and the volume density of organizing and fibrotic collagen were significantly associated with severity of both % FVC (P < .001) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Severity of disease in UIP and NSIP is associated with increased LV length and is strongly associated with components of the fibroblast reticulum, namely organizing and fibrotic collagen, which supports a pathogenic role of LVs in these two diseases. Furthermore, the absence of definable differences between UIP and NSIP suggests that LVs are a unifying mechanism for the development of fibrosis in these fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Lara
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO.
| | - Gregory P Cosgrove
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Tristan J Huie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Ellen L Burnham
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - David E Heinz
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Hakan Sahin
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Marvin I Schwarz
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Mark W Geraci
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Dallas M Hyde
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
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Frasch SC, Fernandez-Boyanapalli RF, Berry KAZ, Murphy RC, Leslie CC, Nick JA, Henson PM, Bratton DL. Neutrophils regulate tissue Neutrophilia in inflammation via the oxidant-modified lipid lysophosphatidylserine. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4583-93. [PMID: 23293064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.438507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolution of neutrophilia characteristic of acute inflammation requires cessation of neutrophil recruitment and removal of tissue neutrophils. Based on in vitro studies, a role in these events was hypothesized for oxidant-generated lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) on recruited neutrophils signaling via the G2A receptor on macrophages. Peritoneal exudate neutrophils harvested from wild type (WT) mice had 5-fold more lyso-PS (lyso-PS(high)) than those of gp91(phox)(-/-) (lyso-PS(low)) mice. Ex vivo engulfment of lyso-PS(high) neutrophils (95% viable) by WT peritoneal macrophages was quantitatively similar to UV-irradiated apoptotic blood neutrophils, although the signaling pathway for the former was uniquely dependent on macrophage G2A. In contrast, lyso-PS(low) neutrophils were poorly engulfed unless presented with exogenous lyso-PS. Enhanced clearance of lyso-PS(high) neutrophils was also seen in vivo following their adoptive transfer into inflamed peritonea of WT but not G2A(-/-) mice, further supporting a requirement for signaling via G2A. To investigate downstream effects of lyso-PS/G2A signaling, antibody blockade of G2A in WT mice reduced macrophage CD206 expression and efferocytosis during peritonitis. Conversely, adoptive transfer of lyso-PS(high) neutrophils early in inflammation in gp91(phox)(-/-) mice led to accelerated development of efferocytic(high) and CD206(high) macrophages. This macrophage reprogramming was associated with suppressed production of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced neutrophilia. These effects were not seen if G2A was blocked or lyso-PS(low) neutrophils were transferred. Taken together, the results demonstrate that oxidant-generated lyso-PS made by viable tissue neutrophils is an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator working in vivo to orchestrate the "early" and rapid clearance of recruited neutrophils as well as the reprogramming of "resolving" macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Courtney Frasch
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Cole C, Thomas S, Filak H, Henson PM, Lenz LL. Nitric oxide increases susceptibility of Toll-like receptor-activated macrophages to spreading Listeria monocytogenes. Immunity 2012; 36:807-20. [PMID: 22542147 PMCID: PMC3361567 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation activates macrophages to resist intracellular pathogens. Yet, the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) causes lethal infections in spite of innate immune cell activation. Lm uses direct cell-cell spread to disseminate within its host. Here, we have shown that TLR-activated macrophages killed cell-free Lm but failed to prevent infection by spreading Lm. Instead, TLR signals increased the efficiency of Lm spread from "donor" to "recipient" macrophages. This enhancement required nitric oxide (NO) production by nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2). NO increased Lm escape from secondary vacuoles in recipient cells and delayed maturation of phagosomes containing membrane-like particles that mimic Lm-containing pseudopods. NO also promoted Lm spread during systemic in vivo infection, as shown by the fact that inhibition of NOS2 with 1400W reduced spread-dependent Lm burdens in mouse livers. These findings reveal a mechanism by which pathogens capable of cell-cell spread can avoid the consequences of innate immune cell activation by TLR stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Stacey Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Holly Filak
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laurel L. Lenz
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Kearns MT, Dalal S, Horstmann SA, Richens TR, Tanaka T, Doe JM, Boe DM, Voelkel NF, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Janssen WJ, Lee CG, Elias JA, Bratton D, Tuder RM, Henson PM, Vandivier RW. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L711-8. [PMID: 22307908 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00116.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells from the lung by alveolar macrophages is important for the maintenance of tissue structure and function. Lung tissue from humans with emphysema contains increased numbers of apoptotic cells and decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mice treated with VEGF receptor inhibitors have increased numbers of apoptotic cells and develop emphysema. We hypothesized that VEGF regulates apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages (AM) via its interaction with VEGF receptor 1 (VEGF R1). Our data show that the uptake of apoptotic cells by murine AMs and human monocyte-derived macrophages is inhibited by depletion of VEGF and that VEGF activates Rac1. Antibody blockade or pharmacological inhibition of VEGF R1 activity also decreased apoptotic cell uptake ex vivo. Conversely, overexpression of VEGF significantly enhanced apoptotic cell uptake by AMs in vivo. These results indicate that VEGF serves a positive regulatory role via its interaction with VEGF R1 to activate Rac1 and enhance AM apoptotic cell clearance.
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Abstract
In simple terms, inflammation can be defined as a beneficial, nonspecific response of tissues to injury that generally leads to restoration of normal structure and function. In this concept, resolution of the inflammatory response, once it has achieved its protective and pro-immunogenic functions, becomes a critical determinant of what might be considered the paradox of inflammation. On one hand, inflammation is essential to resolve tissue injury and maintain homeostasis. On the other, inflammation is a key participant in the great majority of human diseases. Accordingly, to achieve complete resolution of inflammation, it is necessary to both turn off inflammatory mediator production and inflammatory cell accumulation and to remove inflammatory cells and debris without initiating an autoimmune response. Much of this process involves key activities of the mononuclear phagocyte series of cells, including resident and recruited macrophages. Recognition of activated and dying acute inflammatory cells by mononuclear phagocytes has been shown to (a) enhance macropinocytic activity for removal of debris, (b) enhance uptake of the effete inflammatory cells themselves, (c) induce inflammosuppressive and immunosuppressive mediators such as TGFβ and IL-10 that can down-regulate and limit proinflammatory mediator production, and (d) induce production of growth factors for tissue cells that may play key roles in tissue repair. Defects in these highly regulated processes are associated with persistent inflammation and/or autoimmunity in overaggressive resolution mechanisms such as nonresolving fibrosis or persistent tissue destruction as in emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Janssen
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Janssen WJ, Barthel L, Muldrow A, Oberley-Deegan RE, Kearns MT, Jakubzick C, Henson PM. Fas determines differential fates of resident and recruited macrophages during resolution of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:547-60. [PMID: 21471090 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201011-1891oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE During acute lung injury (ALI) the macrophage pool expands markedly as inflammatory monocytes migrate from the circulation to the airspaces. As inflammation resolves, macrophage numbers return to preinjury levels and normal tissue structure and function are restored. OBJECTIVES To determine the fate of resident and recruited macrophages during the resolution of ALI in mice and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for macrophage removal. METHODS ALI was induced in mice using influenza A (H1N1; PR8) infection and LPS instillation. Dye labeling techniques, bone marrow transplantation, and surface immunophenotyping were used to distinguish resident and recruited macrophages during inflammation and to study the role of Fas in determining macrophage fate during resolving ALI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS During acute and resolving lung injury from influenza A and LPS, a high proportion of the original resident alveolar macrophages persisted. In contrast, recruited macrophages exhibited robust accumulation in early inflammation, followed by a progressive decline in their number. This decline was mediated by apoptosis with local phagocytic clearance. Recruited macrophages expressed high levels of the death receptor Fas and were rapidly depleted from the airspaces by Fas-activating antibodies. In contrast, macrophage depletion was inhibited in mice treated with Fas-blocking antibodies and in chimeras with Fas-deficient bone marrow. Caspase-8 inhibition prevented macrophage apoptosis and delayed the resolution of ALI. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Fas-induced apoptosis of recruited macrophages is essential for complete resolution of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Korns D, Frasch SC, Fernandez-Boyanapalli R, Henson PM, Bratton DL. Modulation of macrophage efferocytosis in inflammation. Front Immunol 2011; 2:57. [PMID: 22566847 PMCID: PMC3342042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical function of macrophages within the inflammatory milieu is the removal of dying cells by a specialized phagocytic process called efferocytosis (“to carry to the grave”). Through specific receptor engagement and induction of downstream signaling, efferocytosing macrophages promote resolution of inflammation by (i) efficiently engulfing dying cells, thus avoiding cellular disruption and release of inflammatory contents, and (ii) producing anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and TGF-β that dampen pro-inflammatory responses. Evidence suggests that plasticity in macrophage programming, in response to changing environmental cues, modulates efferocytic capability. Essential to programming for enhanced efferocytosis is activation of the nuclear receptors PPARγ, PPARδ, LXR, and possibly RXRα. Additionally, a number of signals in the inflammatory milieu, including those from dying cells themselves, can influence efferocytic efficacy either by acting as immediate inhibitors/enhancers or by altering macrophage programming for longer-term effects. Importantly, sustained inflammatory programming of macrophages can lead to defective apoptotic cell clearance and is associated with development of autoimmunity and other chronic inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the multiple factors that modulate macrophage efferocytic ability and highlights emerging therapeutic targets with significant potential for limiting chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlynn Korns
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health Denver, CO, USA
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45
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Desch AN, Randolph GJ, Murphy K, Gautier EL, Kedl RM, Lahoud MH, Caminschi I, Shortman K, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. CD103+ pulmonary dendritic cells preferentially acquire and present apoptotic cell-associated antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1789-97. [PMID: 21859845 PMCID: PMC3171085 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CD103-expressing dendritic cells in the lungs preferentially take up and cross-present antigen from apoptotic cells. Cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis) are removed in situ by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) through a specialized form of phagocytosis (efferocytosis). In the lung, there are two primary DC subsets with the potential to migrate to the local lymph nodes (LNs) and initiate adaptive immune responses. In this study, we show that only CD103+ DCs were able to acquire and transport apoptotic cells to the draining LNs and cross present apoptotic cell–associated antigen to CD8 T cells. In contrast, both the CD11bhi and the CD103+ DCs were able to ingest and traffic latex beads or soluble antigen. CD103+ DCs selectively exhibited high expression of TLR3, and ligation of this receptor led to enhanced in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses to apoptotic cell–associated antigen. The selective role for CD103+ DCs was confirmed in Batf3−/− mice, which lack this DC subtype. Our findings suggest that CD103+ DCs are the DC subset in the lung that captures and presents apoptotic cell–associated antigen under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions and raise the possibility for more focused immunological targeting to CD8 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicole Desch
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Kenyon KD, Cole C, Crawford F, Kappler JW, Thurman JM, Bratton DL, Boackle SA, Henson PM. IgG autoantibodies against deposited C3 inhibit macrophage-mediated apoptotic cell engulfment in systemic autoimmunity. J Immunol 2011; 187:2101-11. [PMID: 21813769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Defective clearance of apoptotic cells has been shown in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is postulated to enhance autoimmune responses by increasing access to intracellular autoantigens. Until now, research has emphasized inherited rather than acquired impairment of apoptotic cell engulfment in the pathogenesis of SLE. In this study, we confirm previous results that efficient removal of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is bolstered in the presence of wild-type mouse serum, through the C3 deposition on the apoptotic cell surface. In contrast, sera from three mouse models of SLE, Mer(KD), MRL(lpr), and New Zealand Black/WF1 did not support and in fact actively inhibited apoptotic cell uptake. IgG autoantibodies were responsible for the inhibition, through the blockade of C3 recognition by macrophages. Consistent with this, IgG removal reversed the inhibitory activity within autoimmune serum, and purified autoimmune IgG blocked both the detection of C3 on apoptotic cells and C3-dependent efferocytosis. Sera from SLE patients demonstrated elevated anti-C3b IgG that blocked detection of C3 on apoptotic cells, activity that was not found in healthy controls or patients with rheumatoid arthritis, nor in mice prior to the onset of autoimmunity. We propose that the suppression of apoptotic cell disposal by Abs against deposited C3 may contribute to increasing severity and/or exacerbations in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla D Kenyon
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Bratton DL, Henson PM. Neutrophil clearance: when the party is over, clean-up begins. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:350-7. [PMID: 21782511 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of circulating, functional neutrophils and their robust recruitment to tissues in response to injury and/or microbial infection are crucial for host defense. Equally important, although less well understood, are the processes for removal of these short-lived cells. Here, we review recent findings of novel neutrophil characteristics that determine removal. These neutrophil-derived signals, in turn, can shape the responses of other cells and surrounding tissues and promote a return to homeostasis. If not removed, dying neutrophils disintegrate and release phlogistic cargo that can further contribute to ongoing inflammation, tissue destruction, or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Bratton
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A540, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Redente EF, Jacobsen KM, Solomon JJ, Lara AR, Faubel S, Keith RC, Henson PM, Downey GP, Riches DWH. Age and sex dimorphisms contribute to the severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L510-8. [PMID: 21743030 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00122.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic interstitial pneumonias are more prevalent in males of advancing age, although little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To evaluate the contributions of age and sex to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, we intratracheally instilled young (8-12 wk) and aged (52-54 wk) male and female mice with bleomycin and assessed the development and severity of fibrotic lung disease by measurements of lung collagen levels, static compliance, leukocyte infiltration, and stereological quantification of fibrotic areas in histological sections. We also quantified proinflammatory and profibrotic chemokine and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Aged male mice developed more severe lung disease, indicated by increased mortality, increased collagen deposition, and neutrophilic alveolitis compared with aged female mice or young mice of either sex. Aged male mice also exhibited increased levels of transforming growth factor-β, IL-17A, and CXCL1 in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Young male mice developed a more fibrotic disease after bleomycin instillation compared with female mice, regardless of age. There was no difference in fibrosis between young and aged female mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that the variables of advanced age and male sex contribute to the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in this model. Our findings also emphasize the importance of stratifying experimental groups on the basis of age and sex in experimental and epidemiological studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Zoller EE, Lykens JE, Terrell CE, Aliberti J, Filipovich AH, Henson PM, Jordan MB. Hemophagocytosis causes a consumptive anemia of inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1203-14. [PMID: 21624938 PMCID: PMC3173248 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytopenias of uncertain etiology are commonly observed in patients during severe inflammation. Hemophagocytosis, the histological appearance of blood-eating macrophages, is seen in the disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other inflammatory contexts. Although it is hypothesized that these phenomena are linked, the mechanisms facilitating acute inflammation-associated cytopenias are unknown. We report that interferon γ (IFN-γ) is a critical driver of the acute anemia observed during diverse microbial infections in mice. Furthermore, systemic exposure to physiologically relevant levels of IFN-γ is sufficient to cause acute cytopenias and hemophagocytosis. Demonstrating the significance of hemophagocytosis, we found that IFN-γ acts directly on macrophages in vivo to alter endocytosis and provoke blood cell uptake, leading to severe anemia. These findings define a unique pathological process of broad clinical and immunological significance, which we term the consumptive anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Zoller
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Berry KAZ, Li B, Reynolds SD, Barkley RM, Gijón MA, Hankin JA, Henson PM, Murphy RC. MALDI imaging MS of phospholipids in the mouse lung. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1551-60. [PMID: 21508254 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m015750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators are important in lung biochemistry and are derived from the enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, which are PUFAs that are present in phospholipids in cell membranes. In this study, MALDI imaging MS was used to determine the localization of arachidonate- and docosahexaenoate-containing phospholipids in mouse lung. These PUFA-containing phospholipids were determined to be uniquely abundant at the lining of small and large airways, which were unequivocally identified by immunohistochemistry. In addition, it was found that the blood vessels present in the lung were characterized by sphingomyelin molecular species, and lung surfactant phospholipids appeared evenly distributed throughout the lung parenchyma, indicating alveolar localization. This technique revealed unexpected high concentrations of arachidonate- and docosahexaenoate-containing phospholipids lining the airways in pulmonary tissue, which could serve as precursors of lipid mediators affecting airways biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, 12801 East 17 Avenue, Mail Stop 8303, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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