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Shu CC, Chen PS, Lin ZH, Hsiao CT, Kuo CC, Chiang HY, Wu PC. Prevalence and risk factors of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary isolates and infection in interstitial lung disease associated with systemic autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2024; 42:1006-1014. [PMID: 38179726 DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/c4oq1k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease (NTM-LD) prevalence is increasing worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of NTM pulmonary isolates (NTM-PI) and NTM-LD in patients with systemic autoimmune disease (SAD) who had a concurrent interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with SAD who had a concurrent ILD diagnosis (SAD-ILD) and from whom clinically indicated sputum specimens were collected for NTM culture between 2003 and 2018 at a tertiary referral hospital. We analysed the prevalence and risk factors of NTM pulmonary isolates (NTM-PI; ≥1 positive culture) and NTM-LD (≥2 positive cultures). RESULTS This study included 258 patients. Rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome were the most common SADs (32.2% and 26.7%, respectively). The NTM-negative subgroup had 204 patients (79.1%) and the NTM-PI subgroup had 54 patients (20.9%). In the NTM-PI subgroup, 33 patients had one NTM positive set of specimens (NTM 1+, 12.8% of the entire sample) and 21 had NTM-LD (8.1% of the entire sample). In a multivariable analysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.10 [1.53, 6.29]) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; aOR: 2.59 [1.16, 5.78]) were significantly associated with NTM-PI. For NTM-LD, CKD (aOR: 2.79 [1.00, 7.76]) and COPD (aOR: 3.70 [1.23, 10.72]) remained significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In patients with SAD-ILD, the NTM-PI and NTM-LD prevalence rates were 20.9% and 8.1%, respectively. COPD and CKD were independent risk factors of both NTM-PI and NTM-LD. Previous use of biological agents was associated with NTM-PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Shu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Chen
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Han Lin
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tzu Hsiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yin Chiang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- PhD Programme in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung; Rheumatology and Immunology Center; and Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu YT, Tsai CH, Huang PH, Wu PC. Ossification of posterior atlantoaxial membrane causing spinal stenosis - A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18182. [PMID: 37519656 PMCID: PMC10372647 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ossification of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane (PAAM) is a rare cause of spinal cord compression. Case presentation A 46-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a 2-year history of slowly progressive gait disturbance underwent surgery for right knee stiffness and right lower limb mild weakness. A neurologic examination revealed brisk deep tendon reflexes (DTR) and spasticity in her four limbs. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed spinal stenosis caused by ossification of the PAAM, a rare cause of spinal cord compression. The patient's lower limbs weakness and walking capability were ameliorated post-surgery. Conclusions Although the exact mechanism of ossification of PAAM remains unclear, chronic mechanical stress as well as persistent atlantoaxial instability may promote the development of the ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Huang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang KH, Lin HC, Lin CD, Wu PC. Relapsing autoimmune inner ear disease with significant response to methotrexate and azathioprine combination therapy: A case report and mini literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33889. [PMID: 37335659 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Autoimmune inner ear disease typically presents with bilateral hearing loss that progresses over weeks or months though its mechanisms are unknown. Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment, but their responses are variable and relapses are frequent. Thus, many experts have sought to replace corticosteroids with immunosuppressive agents. PATIENT CONCERNS A 35-year-old woman experienced a progressive hearing impairment, initially on the left side and later becoming bilateral. Her response to corticosteroid monotherapy was temporary, and there have been two relapse episodes over several months. DIAGNOSES Autoimmune inner ear disease was considered due to evidence of autoimmunity combined with a clinical course of bilateral and recurrent sensorineural hearing loss and a partial response to corticosteroid therapy. INTERVENTIONS The patient received a 3-day mini-pulse of methylprednisolone at 250 mg/d, followed by 12 mg/d maintenance, and concurrently began an azathioprine regimen gradually increasing to 100 mg/day as a corticosteroid-sparing agent. OUTCOMES Three weeks after immunosuppressive therapy, hearing and pure-tone audiometry improved, and after 7 weeks, methylprednisolone was tapered to 8 mg/d. The dosage was further reduced by adding methotrexate at 7.5 mg/week, resulting in a reduction to 4 mg/d as maintenance therapy after 4 weeks. LESSONS For patients who are unresponsive to corticosteroids or experience difficulty tolerating them, a combination therapy of methotrexate and azathioprine is recommended as a viable alternative as this regimen is well-tolerated and yields positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Education, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Department of Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen HX, Chang SH, Chen DY, Lan JL, Yeo KJ, Huang PH, Huang CM, Huang CP, Chou ECL, Wu PC. Mirabegron is better tolerated than solifenacin in Sjogren's syndrome patients with overactive bladder symptoms-A randomized controlled trial. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2023. [PMID: 37191196 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the efficacy and adverse events of beta-3 agonists and antimuscarinic agents for managing overactive bladder syndrome in Sjogren syndrome. METHODS Sjogren's syndrome patients with an Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) >5 were enrolled and were randomly assigned to mirabegron 50 mg/day or solifenacin 5 mg/day. Patients were evaluated on the recruitment day and reassessed at Week 1, 2, 4, and 12. The study's primary endpoint was to have a significant change in OABSS at Week 12. The secondary endpoint was the adverse event and crossover rate. RESULTS A total of 41 patients were included in the final analysis, with 24 in the mirabegron group and 17 in the solifenacin group. The study's primary outcome was a change of the OABSS at Week 12. We found that both mirabegron and solifenacin significantly reduce patients' OABSS after 12 weeks of treatment. The evolution of the OABSS was -3.08 for mirabegron and -3.71 for solifenacin (p = .56). Six out of 17 patients from the solifenacin group crossed over to the mirabegron arm due to severe dry mouth or constipation, while none from the mirabegron arm crossed over to the solifenacin group. Sjogren's syndrome-related pain was also improved in the mirabegron group (4.96-1.67, p = .008) compared to the solifenacin group (4.39-3.4, p = .49). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that mirabegron is equally effective as solifenacin in treating Sjogren's syndrome patients with overactive bladder. Mirabegron is superior to solifenacin in terms of treatment-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jieh Yeo
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Huang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Huang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eric Chieh-Lung Chou
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang TK, Tseng YY, Wu PC, Lee MJ, Lee W. Optical and flexoelectric biosensing based on a hybrid-aligned liquid crystal of anomalously small bend elastic constant. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 232:115314. [PMID: 37086565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC)-based biosensors rely on the response of the LC molecules to perturbation generated by analytes at the interface, leading to the susceptible change in molecular alignment or orientation. The sensitivity of these biosensors is primarily dependent on the LC's material properties and surface anchoring strength. By incorporation of an unconventional mesogenic compound (CB7CB) coupled with the hybrid-alignment cell configuration, this work presents a binary nematic LC for label-free biosensing, manifesting a novel sensing technology that takes advantage of CB7CB-induced flexoelectricity in the transducer. Herein, we prepared LC mixtures by blending a typical rod-like nematic LC (E7) with the bent-core mesogen CB7CB in various weight ratios and studied the effect of the CB7CB content on E7/CB7CB-based biosensing performance in vertically aligned and hybrid-aligned nematic (HAN) cells. Owing to the anomalously small bend elastic constant K33 in CB7CB, the mixture designated CB45 with the highest CB7CB weight percentage (45 wt% in this study) was best applicable to biosensing in HAN cells. When observed under a polarizing optical microscope, CB45 in the HAN geometry showed the capability of detection of as low as 10-10 g/mL for the protein standard bovine serum albumin (BSA). Moreover, the quantitation of the assay was fulfilled by both dielectric and light transmission measurements of the hybrid-aligned cholesteric CB45/R5011. The limit of detection of 7 × 10-10 g/mL was achieved by spectrometric analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate flexoelectric biosensing on the basis of flexoelectric polarization associated with giant flexoelectricity in CB7CB partially constituting the LC transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Keng Chang
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711010, Taiwan; National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, 115202, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Tseng
- Institute of Photonic System, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711010, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei Lee
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711010, Taiwan; Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist, Tainan, 711010, Taiwan.
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Ho WC, Chou LW, Wang RY, Doan TN, Yu HL, Chou TH, Liu KY, Wu PC, Shieh SH. Association between Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Taiwan: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127006. [PMID: 35742255 PMCID: PMC9222243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The association between ambient air pollution (AAP) and the risk of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains debatable. We conducted a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between exposure to AAP and the risk of RA in Taiwan. Methods: We analyzed and combined the longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) and the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database (TAQMD), which were in line with the residential areas. We calculated the RA incidence rates per 10,000 person-years exposed to each quartile of PM2.5 or PM10 concentrations or RH. Hazards regression was conducted to analyze the associations between exposure to each quartile of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and the risk of developing RA. The hazard ratios of RA were analyzed between participants exposed to annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. All the hazard ratios of RA were stratified by gender and adjusted for age and relative humidity (RH). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 722,885 subjects, 9338 RA cases were observed. The analyses adjusted for age, gender, and humidity suggested an increased risk of developing RA in the exposure to PM2.5 in the last quartile (Q4) with the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.053 (95%CI: 1.043 to 1.063). Conclusion: Our study suggests that exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased risk of RA. The finding has implications for policymaking to develop coping strategies to confront AAP as a risk factor for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (R.-Y.W.); (T.-N.D.); (T.-H.C.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Yun Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (R.-Y.W.); (T.-N.D.); (T.-H.C.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Thanh-Nhan Doan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (R.-Y.W.); (T.-N.D.); (T.-H.C.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Quang Nam Northern Mountainous Region General Hospital, Quang Nam 560000, Vietnam
| | - Hwa-Lung Yu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (R.-Y.W.); (T.-N.D.); (T.-H.C.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Kang-Yung Liu
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (R.-Y.W.); (T.-N.D.); (T.-H.C.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center For Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-C.W.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Shwn-Huey Shieh
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-C.W.); (S.-H.S.)
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Cuong DV, Wu PC, Liou SYH, Hou CH. An integrated active biochar filter and capacitive deionization system for high-performance removal of arsenic from groundwater. J Hazard Mater 2022; 423:127084. [PMID: 34488095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An integrated process of filtration and electrosorption was first applied to enable high-performance arsenic removal for groundwater remediation. An active manganese dioxide-rice husk biochar composite (active BC) filter was utilized for oxidization of As(III) to As(V) and initial removal of As(III, V). Subsequently, electrosorption by capacitive deionization (CDI) was applied as a posttreatment to improve arsenic removal. The active BC approach exhibited fast removal rates of 0.75 and 0.63 g mg-1 h-1 and high maximum removal capacities of 40.76 and 48.15 mg g-1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. Importantly, column experiments demonstrated that the arsenic removal capacity in the active BC filter was 2.88 mg g-1, which was 72 times higher than that of BC. The results were due to the high efficiency (94%) of redox transformation of As(III) to As(V). The electrosorptive removal of arsenic was further controlled by changing the voltage in CDI. With a charging step of 1.2 V, the total arsenic concentration can be reduced to 0.001 mg L-1 with a low energy consumption of 0.0066 kW h m-3. Furthermore, the integrated system can remove As from real groundwater to achieve the World Health Organization guideline value for drinking water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Viet Cuong
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sofia Ya Hsuan Liou
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Wang YQ, Wu PC, Lee MJ, Lee W. Photocontrolled capacitive biosensor based on photoresponsive azobenzene-doped liquid crystals for label-free protein assay. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chang CM, Wu PC, Lin JR, Jan Wu YJ, Luo SF, Hsue YT, Lan JL, Pan TL, Wu YT, Yu KH, Wei YH, Chang HH. Herbal Formula SS-1 Increases Tear Secretion for Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645437. [PMID: 34630072 PMCID: PMC8498214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands, leading to glandular dysfunction. The hallmark symptoms of SS are dry eyes and mouth, compromising the quality of life of patients and decreasing their capacity to perform their daily activities. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the herbal formula SS-1 for its potential therapeutic benefits for patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Materials and Methods: The bioactivity profile of SS-1 was determined using four different SS-1 concentrations across 12 human primary cell systems of the BioMAP profile. After that, a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial was performed including 57 patients treated with SS-1 for 28 weeks. Results: Biologically multiplexed activity profiling in cell-based models indicated that SS-1 exerted anti-proliferative activity in B cells and promoted anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. In the clinical trial, Schirmer’s test results revealed significant improvements in both eyes, with increases of 3.42 mm (95% CI, 2.44–4.41 mm) and 3.45 mm (95% CI, 2.32–4.59 mm), respectively, and a significant reduction in artificial tear use, which was −1.38 times/day, 95% CI, −1.95 to −0.81 times/day. Moreover, the increases in B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) levels were dampened by 53.20% (295.29 versus 555.02 pg/ml) and 58.33% (99.16 versus 169.99 pg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: SS-1 treatment significantly inhibited B-cell maturation antigen. No serious drug-related adverse effects were observed. Oral SS-1 administration may be a complementary treatment for Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Hsue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu PC, Pai CP, Lee MJ, Lee W. A Single-Substrate Biosensor with Spin-Coated Liquid Crystal Film for Simple, Sensitive and Label-Free Protein Detection. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 34677330 PMCID: PMC8533856 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC)-based single-substrate biosensor was developed by spin-coating an LC thin film on a dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOAP)-decorated glass slide. Compared with the conventional sandwiched cell configuration, the simplified procedure for the preparation of an LC film allows the film thickness to be precisely controlled by adjusting the spin rate, thus eliminating personal errors involved in LC cell assembly. The limit of detection (LOD) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) was lowered from 10-5 g/mL with a 4.2-μm-thick sandwiched cell of the commercial LC E7 to 10-7 g/mL with a 4.2-μm-thick spin-coated E7 film and further to 10-8 g/mL by reducing the E7 film thickness to 3.4 μm. Moreover, by exploiting the LC film of the highly birefringent nematic LC HDN in the immunodetection of the cancer biomarker CA125, an LOD comparable to that determined with a sandwiched HDN cell was achieved at 10-8 g/mL CA125 using a capture antibody concentration an order of magnitude lower than that in the LC cell. Our results suggest that employing spin-coated LC film instead of conventional sandwiched LC cell provides a more reliable, reproducible, and cost-effective single-substrate platform, allowing simple fabrication of an LC-based biosensor for sensitive and label-free protein detection and immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Wu
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (P.-C.W.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chao-Ping Pai
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (P.-C.W.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711301, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (P.-C.W.); (C.-P.P.)
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Lee MJ, Pai CP, Wu PC, Lee W. Label-free single-substrate quantitative protein assay based on optical characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystals. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cuong DV, Wu PC, Chen LI, Hou CH. Active MnO 2/biochar composite for efficient As(III) removal: Insight into the mechanisms of redox transformation and adsorption. Water Res 2021; 188:116495. [PMID: 33065416 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, an active MnO2/rice husk biochar (BC) composite (MBC) was prepared to enhance As(III) removal for groundwater remediation. The MBC material obtained an improved porous structure (i.e., specific surface area, pore volume and mesoporosity) with MnO2, providing abundant reaction or interaction sites for surface or interface-related processes such as redox transformation and adsorption of arsenic. As a result, a significant enhancement in arsenic removal can be achieved by using MBC. More specifically, MBC showed a high removal capacity for As(III), which was tenfold higher than that of BC. This improvement can be ascribed to the redox transformation of As(III) via MnO2, resulting in the more effective removal of As(V) species. In addition, pH was an important factor that could influence the As(III) removal capacity. Under alkaline conditions, the As(III, V) removal capacity of MBC was clearly lower than those under acidic and neutral conditions due to the negative effects of electrostatic repulsion. Importantly, a powerful transformation capability of As(III) via MBC was presented; namely, only 5.9% As(III) remained in solution under neutral conditions. Both MnO2 and the BC substrate contributed to the removal of arsenic by MBC. MnO2 delivered Mn-OH functional groups to generate surface complexes with As(V) produced by As(III) oxidation, while the reduced Mn(II) and As(V) could precipitate on the MBC surface. The BC substrate also provided COOH and OH functional groups for As(III, V) removal by a surface complexation mechanism. Note that the application of MBC in the treatment of simulated groundwater demonstrated an efficient arsenic removal of 94.6% and a concentration of arsenic as low as the 10 µg L-1 WHO guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Viet Cuong
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Faculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lo-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Shih YJ, Wu PC, Chen CW, Chen CF, Dong CD. Nonionic and anionic surfactant-washing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments around an industrial harbor in southern Taiwan. Chemosphere 2020; 256:127044. [PMID: 32428741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various surfactants, such as nonionic Triton X-100 and Simple Green™ (SG), and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) were utilized to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from heavily contaminated harbor sediments dredged from Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan. Desorption/re-sorption equilibrium, kinetics, and washability of PAHs using the selected surfactant were evaluated under different critical micelle concentrations (CMC). Experimental results revealed that the desorption rate of high molecular weight PAHs was greater than those of low molecular weight PAHs, and the anionic SDS was relatively effective in the removal of total PAHs (>50%) compared to the other surfactants. The correlation between the effectiveness of the surfactant washing processes and the physicochemical properties of individual PAH was statistically analyzed. The resulting data suggested that hydrophobic factors (Kow, Koc and Sw) affected PAH treatability more than the reactivity of PAH (electron affinity and ionization potential). Since the adsorption of anionic surfactant altered the hydrophobicity of organic matter in the sediment, PAHs preferred transferring from the sediment to the hydrophobic core of micelles in aqueous solution. Nevertheless, the nonionic surfactant enhanced the PAH partition in the aqueous phase, thus increasing the micellar solubilization of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Shih
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan.
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Lee MJ, Duan FF, Wu PC, Lee W. Liquid crystal-photopolymer composite films for label-free single-substrate protein quantitation and immunoassay. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:4915-4927. [PMID: 33014590 PMCID: PMC7510875 DOI: 10.1364/boe.398858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional liquid crystal (LC)-based biosensing at the LC-glass interface requires the assembly of an LC cell formed by two glass substrates with an LC film sandwiched in between. As most biochemical and clinical assays are performed on a single solid substrate, the feasibility of a single-substrate biodetection platform based on a thin film of LC-photopolymer composite was explored in this study. The LC mixture, consisting of nematic LC, E7 or AY40-006, doped with a small amount (≤ 5 wt%) of a photocurable prepolymer was spin-coated on a glass substrate modified with dimethyloctadecyl[3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP), a vertical alignment reagent, followed by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. During the photopolymerization process, the accumulated and polymerized NOA65 at the LC-glass interface weakened the anchoring strength of DMOAP, resulting in a decrease in the pretilt angle of LC and allowing the LC molecules to be more easily disturbed in the presence of biomolecules, compared with vertically aligned LC in the absence of polymerized NOA65. Incorporating NOA65 in the LC film therefore provides a means for signal amplification. When an LC-photopolymer composite film consisting of AY40-006 and 4-wt% NOA65 was exposed to UV at 15 mW/cm2 for 30 s and utilized as the biosensing mesogen, the limits of detection were 1.6 × 10-12 g/ml for the direct detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2.1 × 10-8 g/ml for the immunoassay of the cancer biomarker CA125, significantly lower than those detected with AY40-006 alone or AY40-006/NOA65 mixture without UV irradiation. The results from this study offer a compelling implication on the biomedical application of LC-photopolymer composites in label-free and single-substrate biodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Fan Duan
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 71150, Taiwan
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Pan XL, Chen GX, You CG, Han CM, Wu PC. [One patient with severe phenol burn complicated with acute poisoning]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020; 36:746-747. [PMID: 32829618 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20190709-00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
On April 26, 2018, a 55-year-old male patient with severe phenol burn complicated with acute poisoning was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The patient quickly developed the symptoms of central nervous system including blurred consciousness and restlessness, anuria, and respiratory failure. After self-rescue before admission and a series of measures in hospital including wound decontamination to reduce phenol absorption, rapid massive infusion and hemodialysis+ hemoperfusion, continuous renal replacement therapy for speeding up phenol excretion and organ function maintenance, the poisoning symptoms were effectively alleviated, and the patient was finally rescued successfully and discharged on post injury day 29. This case suggests that early hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion and continuous renal replacement therapy are effective methods for treating severe phenol burn complicated with acute poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Pan
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - G X Chen
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - C G You
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - C M Han
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - P C Wu
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Wu PC, Lin BC, Yeh YH, Chen WJ, Yang KC. P2556TXNDC5 is a novel therapeutic target of atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias, increases the risk of stroke, systemic embolization and cardiovascular mortality. Atrial fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic AF, provides substrates to initiate/propagate fibrillation waves in the atria. There, however, lacks effective and specific therapeutics targeting atrial fibrosis. We have recently identified an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5) as a critical mediator of cardiac ventricular fibrosis. We hypothesized that TXNDC5 could also play an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis and fibrillation.
Purpose
To determine the role of TXNDC5 in atrial fibrosis and fibrillation.
Methods and results
TXNDC5 transcript and protein levels were both significantly upregulated in the atrial tissue from patients with AF. In addition, TXNDC5 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with those of transcripts encoding transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in human atrial tissue. Knockdown of TXNDC5 in human atrial fibroblasts (hAF) attenuated TGFβ1–induced hAF activation, proliferation and ECM protein upregulation, whereas overexpression of TXNDC5 was sufficient to trigger hAF activation, proliferation and ECM protein production. Further experiments revealed that the fibrogenic effects of TXNDC5 were dependent on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. Furthermore, using α-MHC-TGFβcys33ser mice, a transgenic mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively active TGFβ, which develop extensive atrial fibrosis and inducible AF, we showed that TXNDC5 was strongly upregulated in the fibrotic atria of α-MHC-TGFβcys33ser mice and specifically enriched in collagen-secreting atrial fibroblasts. Targeted deletion of TXNDC5 (Txndc5−/−) in α-MHC-TGFβcys33ser mice considerably mitigated the extent of atrial fibrosis. In addition, transesophageal atrial burst pacing induced AF in 75% (3 out of 4) α-MHC-TGFβcys33ser mice, whereas knockout of Txndc5 markedly reduced the inducibility of AF (25%, 3 out of 12) in α-MHC-TGFβcys33ser mice (Figure).
TXNDC5 KO Reduces AF Inducibility
Conclusion
The present study revealed that ER protein TXNDC5 augments atrial fibrosis by promoting cardiac fibroblast proliferation and ECM protein production via JNK signaling activation. Targeted deletion of Txndc5 protects against TGFβ induced atrial fibrosis and AF. Targeting TXNDC5, therefore, could be a promising new therapeutic approach to treat or prevent atrial fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wu
- National Taiwan University, Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B C Lin
- National Taiwan University, Department of Pharmacy, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y H Yeh
- Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - W J Chen
- Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - K C Yang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yuan XB, Zhang DY, Chen SJ, Wu PC, Zhang WF. [Prevalence of cataract among the population aged 50 years and over at different altitudes in Gansu Province]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019; 55:589-594. [PMID: 31422637 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence and influence factors of cataract at different altitudes in Gansu Province. Methods: A total of 7 560 permanent residents aged 50 years and over in seven regions of Gansu Province (altitude, 900 meters to 3 500 meters) were selected as subjects, including 2 402 males and 5 158 females, with an average age of 62.04 years. The cluster random sampling method was used to conduct the survey at village or township health service centers. The investigation procedure included questionnaire survey, pre-investigation, visual acuity examination, intraocular pressure measurement, slit lamp microscopy and fundus examination. The diagnostic criterion for cataract was typical opacity of the lens or no other eye diseases that led to visual impairment but with visual acuity less than 0.7. The prevalence of cataract was calculated according to factors such as altitude, age and sex. The Chi-square test and two-element unconditional logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 7 560 people were surveyed. The prevalence rate of cataract was 39.7%, and the age-standardized prevalence was 37.7%. The prevalence of cataract increased with age (χ(2)=2 107.19, P<0.01). It was 14.1% in the group of 50-59 years, 42.9% in the group of 60-69 years and 79.2% in the group of over 70 years. The prevalence of cataract also increased with altitude (χ(2)=33.66, P<0.01). It was 36.9% in the group of altitude less than 1 000 meters, 39.0% in the group of altitude between 1 000 meters and 1 999 meters, 45.9% in the group of altitude between 2 000 meters and 2 999 meters, and 51.5% in the group of altitude more than 3 000 meters. With age stratification, the prevalence of cataract at high altitude was higher than that at low altitude (χ(2)=26.74, 16.06, P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk of cataract was higher in subjects at altitude of 2 000-2 999 meters than those below 1 000 meters (OR=1.42, 95%CI 1.11-1.82), and even higher in those at altitude of 3 000 meters (OR=1.76, 95%CI 1.01-3.06). Conclusions: High altitude and old age are important risk factors for cataract, and high altitude is an independent risk factor for cataract. It is necessary for local health institutions to take measures to reduce the prevalence of blindness and low vision, especially the blindness caused by cataract. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55:589-594).
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Yuan
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital Ophthalmology, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ma X, Chen YA, Zhou K, Wu PC, Hou CH. Enhanced desalination performance via mixed capacitive-Faradaic ion storage using RuO2-activated carbon composite electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu PC, Chuo WH, Lin SC, Lehman CW, Lien CZ, Wu CS, Lin CC. Sclareol attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:109-116. [PMID: 30704333 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1555846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Context: Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 20% of children and 1% of adults worldwide. Treatment of atopic dermatitis include corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, such as calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate. However, these treatments often bring about adverse effects including skin atrophy, osteoporosis, skin cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of sclareol, a natural diterpene, on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Materials and methods: To evaluate the effect of sclareol in vivo model, BALB/c mice were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally with sclareol (50 and 100 mg/kg) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like murine model. Major assays were enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological analysis, flow cytometry, western blot analysis. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of sclareol (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated AD-like symptoms, such as serum IgE levels, epidermal/dermal hyperplasia, and the numbers of infiltrated mast cells. In addition, systemic sclareol treatments reduced local pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, including IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-4, IFN-g, and IL-17A, on AD-like lesions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sclareol also suppressed T cell activation and the capability of cytokine productions (IFN-g, IL-4 and IL-17A) in response to DNCB stimulation. By examining the skin homogenate, we found that sclareol inhibited the AD-like severity likely through suppressions of both NF-kB translocation and phosphorylation of the MAP kinase pathway. Discussion and conclusions: Cumulatively, our results indicate that sclareol induced anti-inflammatory effects against the atopic dermatitis elicited by DNCB. Thus, sclareol is worth of being further evaluated for its potential therapeutic benefits for the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Wu
- a Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ho Chuo
- b Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- c School of Systems Biology , National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Caitlin W Lehman
- c School of Systems Biology , National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Christopher Z Lien
- d Biodefense Program, Schar School of Policy and Government , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Chieh-Shan Wu
- e Department of Dermatology , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- f Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,g Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan , ROC
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Wu PC, Chen HL, Rudakova NV, Timofeev IV, Zyryanov VY, Lee W. Electro-optical and dielectric properties of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal impregnated with a fluorine-containing compound. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang CM, Chu HT, Wei YH, Chen FP, Wang S, Wu PC, Yen HR, Chen TJ, Chang HH. Erratum: Corrigendum: The Core Pattern Analysis on Chinese Herbal Medicine for Sjögren’s syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46824. [PMID: 28541303 PMCID: PMC5444317 DOI: 10.1038/srep46824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wu PC, Tien PT, Li YH, Chen RY, Cho DY. IgG4-related cerebral pseudotumor with perineural spreading along branches of the trigeminal nerves causing compressive optic neuropathy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8709. [PMID: 29381959 PMCID: PMC5708958 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by tumor-like lesions, a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. IgG4-RD has been described in a variety of organ systems; however, it rarely involves the central nervous system. PATIENT CONCERNS A 17-year-old woman visited our clinic with a complaint of blurred vision for the past 5 months. She also reported a painless right submandibular mass that had been present for 1 year. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.0 LogMAR, with an almost total visual field defect in the right eye. DIAGNOSES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed lobulated parasellar tumors with perineural spreading along branches of the trigeminal nerves causing right optic nerve compression. A craniotomy with tumor removal and submandibular gland biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis of the tumor revealed stromal fibrosis with atypical lymphoid infiltrations. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the submandibular gland confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. INTERVENTIONS The patient was administered 500mg/d of pulse methylprednisolone for 3 days, 500mg of intravenous rituximab every 2 weeks (for a total of 2 doses), and 500mg of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide every month (for a total of 3 doses). OUTCOMES Two months after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient's BCVA returned to 0.1 LogMAR with visual field defect recovery. The follow-up MRI showed the almost complete disappearance of the previously contrast-enhanced lesions. LESSONS Herein, we report a rare case of IgG4-RD presenting as a parasellar tumor and present a review of the related literature. Based on the case report, we propose that aggressive therapy with glucocorticoid, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide may potentially be useful for treating such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University
- Department of Ophthalmology
| | | | | | - Der-Yang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Judd A, Zangerle R, Touloumi G, Warszawski J, Meyer L, Dabis F, Mary Krause M, Ghosn J, Leport C, Wittkop L, Reiss P, Wit F, Prins M, Bucher H, Gibb D, Fätkenheuer G, Julia DA, Obel N, Thorne C, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Stephan C, Pérez-Hoyos S, Hamouda O, Bartmeyer B, Chkhartishvili N, Noguera-Julian A, Antinori A, d’Arminio Monforte A, Brockmeyer N, Prieto L, Rojo Conejo P, Soriano-Arandes A, Battegay M, Kouyos R, Mussini C, Tookey P, Casabona J, Miró JM, Castagna A, Konopnick D, Goetghebuer T, Sönnerborg A, Quiros-Roldan E, Sabin C, Teira R, Garrido M, Haerry D, de Wit S, Miró JM, Costagliola D, d’Arminio-Monforte A, Castagna A, del Amo J, Mocroft A, Raben D, Chêne G, Judd A, Pablo Rojo C, Barger D, Schwimmer C, Termote M, Wittkop L, Campbell M, Frederiksen CM, Friis-Møller N, Kjaer J, Raben D, Salbøl Brandt R, Berenguer J, Bohlius J, Bouteloup V, Bucher H, Cozzi-Lepri A, Dabis F, d’Arminio Monforte A, Davies MA, del Amo J, Dorrucci M, Dunn D, Egger M, Furrer H, Grabar S, Guiguet M, Judd A, Kirk O, Lambotte O, Leroy V, Lodi S, Matheron S, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mocroft A, Monge S, Nakagawa F, Paredes R, Phillips A, Puoti M, Rohner E, Schomaker M, Smit C, Sterne J, Thiebaut R, Thorne C, Torti C, van der Valk M, Wittkop L, Tanser F, Vinikoor M, Macete E, Wood R, Stinson K, Garone D, Fatti G, Giddy J, Malisita K, Eley B, Fritz C, Hobbins M, Kamenova K, Fox M, Prozesky H, Technau K, Sawry S, Benson CA, Bosch RJ, Kirk GD, Boswell S, Mayer KH, Grasso C, Hogg RS, Richard Harrigan P, Montaner JSG, Yip B, Zhu J, Salters K, Gabler K, Buchacz K, Brooks JT, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Rabkin C, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, D’Souza G, Klein MB, Rourke SB, Rachlis AR, Cupido P, Hunter-Mellado RF, Mayor AM, John Gill M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Patel P, Brooks JT, Saag MS, Mugavero MJ, Willig J, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Sterling TR, Haas D, Rebeiro P, Turner M, Bebawy S, Rogers B, Justice AC, Dubrow R, Fiellin D, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Moore RD, Saag MS, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Horberg MA, Klein MB, McKaig RG, Freeman AM, Moore RD, Freeman AM, Lent C, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Morton L, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Gange SJ, Althoff KN, Abraham AG, Lau B, Zhang J, Jing J, Modur S, Wong C, Hogan B, Desir F, Liu B, You B, Cahn P, Cesar C, Fink V, Sued O, Dell’Isola E, Perez H, Valiente J, Yamamoto C, Grinsztejn B, Veloso V, Luz P, de Boni R, Cardoso Wagner S, Friedman R, Moreira R, Pinto J, Ferreira F, Maia M, Célia de Menezes Succi R, Maria Machado D, de Fátima Barbosa Gouvêa A, Wolff M, Cortes C, Fernanda Rodriguez M, Allendes G, William Pape J, Rouzier V, Marcelin A, Perodin C, Tulio Luque M, Padgett D, Sierra Madero J, Crabtree Ramirez B, Belaunzaran P, Caro Vega Y, Gotuzzo E, Mejia F, Carriquiry G, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Sterling T, Jayathilake K, Person AK, Rebeiro PF, Giganti M, Castilho J, Duda SN, Maruri F, Vansell H, Ly PS, Khol V, Zhang FJ, Zhao HX, Han N, Lee MP, Li PCK, Lam W, Chan YT, Kumarasamy N, Saghayam S, Ezhilarasi C, Pujari S, Joshi K, Gaikwad S, Chitalikar A, Merati TP, Wirawan DN, Yuliana F, Yunihastuti E, Imran D, Widhani A, Tanuma J, Oka S, Nishijima T, Na S, Choi JY, Kim JM, Sim BLH, Gani YM, David R, Kamarulzaman A, Syed Omar SF, Ponnampalavanar S, Azwa I, Ditangco R, Uy E, Bantique R, Wong WW, Ku WW, Wu PC, Ng OT, Lim PL, Lee LS, Ohnmar PS, Avihingsanon A, Gatechompol S, Phanuphak P, Phadungphon C, Kiertiburanakul S, Sungkanuparph S, Chumla L, Sanmeema N, Chaiwarith R, Sirisanthana T, Kotarathititum W, Praparattanapan J, Kantipong P, Kambua P, Ratanasuwan W, Sriondee R, Nguyen KV, Bui HV, Nguyen DTH, Nguyen DT, Cuong DD, An NV, Luan NT, Sohn AH, Ross JL, Petersen B, Cooper DA, Law MG, Jiamsakul A, Boettiger DC, Ellis D, Bloch M, Agrawal S, Vincent T, Allen D, Smith D, Rankin A, Baker D, Templeton DJ, O’Connor CC, Thackeray O, Jackson E, McCallum K, Ryder N, Sweeney G, Cooper D, Carr A, Macrae K, Hesse K, Finlayson R, Gupta S, Langton-Lockton J, Shakeshaft J, Brown K, Idle S, Arvela N, Varma R, Lu H, Couldwell D, Eswarappa S, Smith DE, Furner V, Smith D, Cabrera G, Fernando S, Cogle A, Lawrence C, Mulhall B, Boyd M, Law M, Petoumenos K, Puhr R, Huang R, Han A, Gunathilake M, Payne R, O’Sullivan M, Croydon A, Russell D, Cashman C, Roberts C, Sowden D, Taing K, Marshall P, Orth D, Youds D, Rowling D, Latch N, Warzywoda E, Dickson B, Donohue W, Moore R, Edwards S, Boyd S, Roth NJ, Lau H, Read T, Silvers J, Zeng W, Hoy J, Watson K, Bryant M, Price S, Woolley I, Giles M, Korman T, Williams J, Nolan D, Allen A, Guelfi G, Mills G, Wharry C, Raymond N, Bargh K, Templeton D, Giles M, Brown K, Hoy J. Comparison of Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults Across 5 Continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:1316-1326. [PMID: 28531260 PMCID: PMC5850623 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. METHODS We included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS We included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) than in women. Comparing patients with current CD4 cell counts ≥700 cells/µL with those whose counts were <50 cells/µL, the KS risk was halved in South Africa (aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, .17-1.63) but reduced by ≥95% in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite important ART-related declines in KS incidence, men and women in South Africa and men who have sex with men remain at increased KS risk, likely due to high human herpesvirus 8 coinfection rates. Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS incidence worldwide, but additional measures might be needed, especially in Southern Africa.
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Chang CM, Wu PC, Chiang JH, Wei YH, Chen FP, Chen TJ, Pan TL, Yen HR, Chang HH. Integrative therapy decreases the risk of lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A population-based retrospective cohort study. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 196:201-212. [PMID: 27974236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evidence on alleviating the risk of lupus nephritis by integrative therapy with conventional medicine (CM) and herbal medicine (HM) had not been addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the integrative effect associated the risk by a retrospective Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) cohort from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS SLE patients with a catastrophic illness certificate (CIC) were retrospectively enrolled from the SLE cohort of the Taiwan NHIRD between 1997 and 2011. The patients were divided into an integrative medicine (IM: integrated CM plus HM) and a non-IM (CM only) group with 1:1 propensity score matching. Cox proportional regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method were conducted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for lupus nephritis in the cohort. RESULTS Among 16,645 newly diagnosed SLE patients holding a CIC (SLE/CIC), 1933 had received HM and 1571 had received no HM treatment. After propensity score matching, there were 273 patients with lupus nephritis-120 in the IM group and 153 in the non-IM group. The adjusted HR (0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.87, p<0.01) for lupus nephritis was lower in the IM group than in the non-IM group. The adjusted HR (0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.88, p<0.001) for lupus nephritis was also lower in the group of patients who had received CM plus HM than in the group that received CM only. The core pattern of HM prescriptions, which were integrated with CM for preventing lupus nephritis, was "Sheng-Di-Huang" (raw Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.), "Mu-Dan-Pi" (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.), "Dan-Shan" (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), "Zhi-Bo-Di-Huang-Wan.", and "Chi-Shao" (Paeoniae lactiflorae Rubra). CONCLUSION Integrative therapy decreased the risk of lupus nephritis among SLE patients in Taiwan. Further investigation of the pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Departments of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, and School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Departments of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chang CM, Chu HT, Wei YH, Chen FP, Wang S, Wu PC, Yen HR, Chen TJ, Chang HH. Corrigendum: The Core Pattern Analysis on Chinese Herbal Medicine for Sjögren's syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14887. [PMID: 26445922 PMCID: PMC4597267 DOI: 10.1038/srep14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Wu PC, Lisetski LN, Lee W. Suppressed ionic effect and low-frequency texture transitions in a cholesteric liquid crystal doped with graphene nanoplatelets. Opt Express 2015; 23:11195-11204. [PMID: 25969215 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.011195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We focus on investigating the dielectric behaviors and the low-frequency texture transitions in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) doped with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) by means of dielectric spectroscopy and measurements of electro-optical responses. The experimental results indicate that incorporating GNPs at a content of 0.5 wt% into the CLC leads to significant suppression of ionic behaviors, as manifested by the reduction in ionic density, diffusivity, and relaxation frequency. In addition, the electro-optical properties of the GNP-doped CLC cell show the lowered operation voltage for the switching from the planar to focal conic state and the absence of the low-frequency focal-conic-to-uniform-lying-helix texture transition. Such results are attributable to the effects of GNPs as nuclei in the CLC medium, giving rise to the repression of the ionic and electrohydrodynamic effects.
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Chang CM, Chu HT, Wei YH, Chen FP, Wang S, Wu PC, Yen HR, Chen TJ, Chang HH. The Core Pattern Analysis on Chinese Herbal Medicine for Sjögren's syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9541. [PMID: 25923413 PMCID: PMC5386216 DOI: 10.1038/srep09541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This large-scale survey aimed to evaluate frequencies and patterns of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in Taiwan by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) for cases in which CHM was used as an alternative therapy to Western medicine for improving patients' discomforts. We analyzed cases of SS principal diagnosis (ICD-9:710.2) with a catastrophic illness certificate (CIC) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) outpatient clinics from three cohorts of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) in the NHIRD between 2002 and 2011. CHM prescription patterns for SS were evaluated from claimed visitation files and corresponding prescription files. There were 15,914 SS patients with CIC (SS/CIC), and we found only 130 SS/CIC cases visiting TCM clinics in LHID2000, 133 in LHID2005, and 126 in LHID2010. After removing duplicate data, 366 SS/CIC and 4,867 visits were analyzed. The 50–59 year age group showed the highest ratio (29.51%) in both women and men. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan” and “Xuan-Shen” (Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.) was the most commonly used formula and single herb, respectively. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan, Gan-Lu-Yin, Xuan-Shen, Mai-Men-Dong (Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl.), and Sheng-Di-Huang (raw Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch)” were the core pattern prescriptions in treating SS/CIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- 1] Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ting Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shengwen Wang
- Cloud Computing and System Integration Division, National Center for High-Performance Computing, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- 1] Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Huie Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taiwan
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Wu PC, Hou CT, Hsiao YC, Lee W. Influence of methyl red as a dopant on the electrical properties and device performance of liquid crystals. Opt Express 2014; 22:31347-31355. [PMID: 25607083 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.031347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ionic effect in nematic liquid-crystal (LC) cells containing the azo dye methyl red was investigated by means of dielectric spectroscopy, measurements of voltage holding ratio (VHR) and ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that incorporating a minute amount of the methyl red (< 0.03 wt%) in the LC host leads to the suppression of the ionic effect caused by impurity ions. Practically, the doped LC cells with a dye content of 0.02 wt% showed improved VHR and promoted lifetime by 15% and 180%, respectively, in virtually no expense of the optical transmittance.
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Wu PC, Yeh ER, Zyryanov VY, Lee W. Spatial and electrical switching of defect modes in a photonic bandgap device with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal defect layer. Opt Express 2014; 22:20278-20283. [PMID: 25321237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the spectral properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) containing an inhomogeneous polymer- dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) as a defect layer. Experimental results indicate that the voltage-induced reorientation of LC molecules between the light-scattering and transparent states in the PDLC enables the electrical tuning of the transmittance of defect-mode peaks in the spectrum of the PC/PDLC cell. Specifically, owing to the unique configuration of the spatial distribution of LC droplet sizes in the defect layer, a concept concerning the spatial switching in the wavelength of defect modes is proposed. As a result, the PC/PDLC hybrid cell is suggested as a potential element for realizing an electrically tunable and spatially switchable photonic bandgap device, which is polarizer-free and requires no alignment layers in the fabrication process.
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Wu PC, Yue CT, Huang SC. Complete response after MAID treatment for advanced primary ovarian angiosarcoma: case report and literature review. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2014; 35:318-321. [PMID: 24984551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The patient presented in this case report was a 45-year-old female, with a Stage IIIA ovarian angiosarcoma combined with mature teratoma, that underwent debulking surgery and achieved complete remission for 11 months after six cycles of MAID chemotherapy (mesna, adriamycin/doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine). Thereafter, she had tumor recurrence with peritoneal seeding and massive pleural effusion; hence she received chemotherapy again. Although she had been undergoing a series of chemotherapies, the tumor continued to progress. Hence, she refused further chemotherapy since September 2012. Unfortunately, she passed away in January 2013 due to severe dyspnea with wide spread tumor progression. She had the longest survival period (31 months) and complete remission period than the other advanced primary ovarian angiosarcoma cases ever reported in the literature.
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Wu PC, Wang Q, Grobman L, Chu E, Wu DY. Accelerated cellular senescence in solid tumor therapy. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:298-305. [PMID: 23070015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated cellular senescence (ACS) is an emerging concept that implicates sustained, telomere-independent cell cycle arrest of neoplastic cells in response to chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation, oxidative stress, or the presence of selective oncogenic stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that a subset of tumor cells induced in a state of reversible ACS can escape cell cycle arrest and resume proliferation accounting for cancer progression. The purpose of this review is to describe our current understanding of ACS including signaling pathways of senescence escape, role of senescence biomarkers, and rationale for senescence-based therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wu
- Department of Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Lai JY, Wu PC, Chen HC, Lee MB. Early neuropsychiatric involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012; 34:579.e1-3. [PMID: 22460000 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric symptoms may be the main manifestations and very early symptoms of developing autoimmune diseases. Early detection and treatment could reverse psychotic symptoms and restore cognitive function. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old woman presented with acute psychotic symptoms. Routine physical examinations revealed only mild fever. Due to positive antiphospholipid antibodies, low protein S with elevated d-dimer and brain hypoperfusion, early-phase antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was suspected. Early immunomodulation treatment led to complete remission of the psychotic symptoms, preservation of cognitive function and prevention of APS progression. CONCLUSION Since early detection and treatment can reverse the progression of autoimmune diseases with central nervous system involvement, these should be highlighted when managing high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jou-Yin Lai
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital 11080, Taiwan
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Wu PC, Huang MN, Kuo YM, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. Clinical applicability of quantitative nailfold capillaroscopy in differential diagnosis of connective tissue diseases with Raynaud's phenomenon. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 112:482-8. [PMID: 24016612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nailfold capillaroscopy is a useful tool to distinguish primary from secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) by examining the morphology of nailfold capillaries but its role in disease diagnosis is not clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of quantitative nailfold capillaroscopy in differential diagnosis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) with RP. METHODS The data between the year 2005 and 2009 were retrieved from the nailfold capillaroscopic database of National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). Only the data from the patients with RP were analyzed. The criteria for interpretation of capillaroscopic findings were predefined. The final diagnoses of the patients were based on the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for individual diseases, independent of nailfold capillaroscopic findings. The sensitivity and the specificity of each capillaroscopic pattern to the diseases were determined. RESULTS The data from a total of 67 patients were qualified for the current study. We found the sensitivity and specificity of scleroderma pattern for systemic sclerosis (SSc) were 89.47% and 80%, and the specificity of the early, active, and late scleroderma patterns for SSc reached 87.5%, 97.5%, and 95%, respectively. The sensitivity/specificity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pattern for SLE and polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) pattern for PM/DM were 33.33%/95.45% and 60%/96.3%, respectively. The sensitivity/specificity of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) pattern for MCTD were 20%/100%. CONCLUSION The nailfold capillaroscopic (NC) patterns may be useful in the differential diagnosis of CTDs with RP. The NC patterns for SSc and PM/DM are both sensitive and specific to the diseases, while the SLE and MCTD patterns exhibit high specificity but relatively low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Su YN, Chern SR, Tsai EJ, Wu PC, Lee CC, Wang W. Mosaic ring chromosome 4 in a child with mild dysmorphisms, congenital heart defects and developmental delay. Genet Couns 2011; 22:321-326. [PMID: 22029176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Su YN, Chern SR, Tsai FJ, Wu PC, Chen LF, Wang W. A 24.2-Mb deletion of 4q12 --> q21.21 characterized by array CGH in a 131/2-year-old girl with short stature, mental retardation, developmental delay, hyperopia, exotropia, enamel defects, delayed tooth eruption and delayed puberty. Genet Couns 2011; 22:255-261. [PMID: 22029166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report molecular and cytogenetic characterization of proximal deletion of chromosome 4q, del(4)(q12 --> q21.21) in a 131/2-year-old girl with short stature, mental retardation, developmental delay, hyperopia, exotropia, enamel defects, delayed tooth eruption and delayed puberty. We speculate that haploinsufficiency of the AMTN, ENAM and AMBN genes is most likely responsible for dental disorders, haploinsufficiency of the BMP2K genes is most likely responsible for ocular disorders, and haploinsufficiency of the EREG, AREG and BTC genes is most likely responsible for delayed puberty in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen CP, Tsai FJ, Lee CC, Chen WL, Pan CW, Wu PC, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of satellited 21q derived from pericentric inversion involving the satellite stalk region and terminal 21q. Genet Couns 2010; 21:353-357. [PMID: 20964129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Chern SR, Tsai FJ, Lee CC, Pan CW, Wu PC, Wang W. A 5.3-Mb duplication of 9p12 --> p13.1 characterized by array CGH in a female infant with developmental delay. Genet Couns 2010; 21:457-460. [PMID: 21290975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Chern SR, Tsai FJ, Wu PC, Lee CC, Chen LF, Lee MS, Wang W. Deletion 2q37.3->qter and duplication 15q24.3->qter characterized by array CGH in a girl with epilepsy and dysmorphic features. Genet Couns 2010; 21:263-267. [PMID: 20681230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Abstract
Schottky junction photovoltaic (PV) devices were fabricated on single CdS nanobelts (NBs). Au was used as the Schottky contact, and In/Au was used as the ohmic contact to CdS NB. Typically, the Schottky junction exhibits a well-defined rectifying behavior in the dark with a rectification ratio greater than 10(3) at +/- 0.3 V; and the PV device exhibits a clear PV behavior with an open circuit photovoltage of about 0.16 V, a short circuit current of about 23.8 pA, a maximum output power of about 1.6 pW, and a fill factor of 42%. Moreover, the output power can be multiplied by connecting two or more of the Schottky junction PV devices, made on a single CdS NB, in parallel or in series. This study demonstrates that the 1D Schottky junction PV devices, which have the merits of low cost, easy fabrication and material universality, can be an important candidate for power sources in nano-optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ye
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Wu PC, Huang YB, Fang JY, Tsai YH. Percutaneous Absorption of Captopril from Hydrophilic Cellulose Derivatives Through Excised Rabbit Skin and Human Skin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 24:179-82. [PMID: 15605449 DOI: 10.3109/03639049809085604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of percutaneous absorption of captopril from hydrophilic cellulose derivatives gel bases (carboxymethylcellulose sodium [CMC], hydroxypropylcellulose [HPC] and hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose [HPMC]. The effects of various types and concentrations of penetration enhancers on captopril percutaneous absorption from HPC gel through rabbit skin were evaluated and selected to obtain some optimal formulations for penetration study through human chest skin. Then the required flux (1488 microg/hr) for captopril transdermal drug delivery system to maintain the therapeutic minimum effective concentration through human skin was used to evaluate the development of the optimal formulations. The results indicated that the minimum administered areas for therapeutic minimum effective concentration of captopril (cap) gel containing decanol (dec) were 10.4 cm2 (5% cap, 7% dec) and 7.6 cm2 (7% cap, 7% dec). These areas were within acceptable range, so these formulations can possibly be developed for a transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical College, 100 Shih Chen 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu PC, Huang RL, Lang JH, Huang HF, Lian LJ, Tang MY. Treatment of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors with preservation of fertility: A report of 28 cases. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(91)90521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang LF, Chiang HN, Wu PC. Kinetics and hydrolysis mechanism of polymeric prodrugs containing ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen as pendent agents. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2003; 13:287-99. [PMID: 12102595 DOI: 10.1163/156856202320176538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric prodrugs were prepared using methacrylic acid (MA) copolymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), covalently linked with ibuprofen (HI), ketoprofen (HK), or naproxen (HN). It was previously shown that the acceptable composition of drug-linked monomer in polymeric prodrugs to prevent gastric mucosa irritation and maintain water solubility was in the range of 20-40 mol%. To investigate the applicability of these polymeric prodrugs, hydrolysis rates of HK-25, HN-29, and HI-30 (the number indicates the mole percent of the drug-linked monomers in the polymeric prodrugs), were studied in vitro with or without esterase. The polymeric prodrugs released a major fraction of the parent drugs and a fraction of the hydroxyethyl ester drug derivatives (drug-EtOH). The calculated hydrolysis rate constants and results correlated to the drug structural solubility and steric hindrance are discussed. The anti-inflammatory properties of these polymeric prodrugs were evaluated using carrageenan-induced edema test. The results indicate that HK-25 and HN-29 display greater potency to inhibit acute inflammatory processes than the free drugs over long periods. HI-30, however, retains a potency comparable to that of free ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Wang
- School of Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Lans TE, ten Hagen TLM, van Horssen R, Wu PC, van Tiel ST, Libutti SK, Alexander HR, Eggermont AMM. Improved antitumor response to isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor after upregulation of endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II in soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9:812-9. [PMID: 12374666 DOI: 10.1007/bf02574505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiments with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in rodents have shown that a high dose can lead to hemorrhagic necrosis in tumors. Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II) is a novel tumor-derived cytokine, and its expression increases the TNF-1 receptor on tumor endothelium, enhances the induction of tissue factor on tumor endothelial cells, and has an antiangiogenic effect. It has recently been shown that in vivo sensitivity of tumor vasculature to TNF is determined by tumor production of EMAP-II. METHODS We measured the level of EMAP-II in a TNF-resistant soft tissue sarcoma. We subsequently stabile-transfected this cell line with a retroviral construct containing the EMAP gene. In an extremity perfusion model in tumor-bearing rats, we measured response rates to TNF therapy. RESULTS Functional EMAP-II production was increased after this transfection. Immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections in rats showed an overexpression of human EMAP-II. Results of the TNF perfusions in rats suggest that this tumor is more sensitive to TNF therapy. CONCLUSIONS EMAP-II is produced in various levels. One can increase the sensitivity of tumor for TNF therapy in vivo by upregulating the EMAP-II production. This result leaves an opportunity for enhanced TNF response of tumors in future settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Lans
- University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Department of Surgical Oncology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc is a common phenomenon in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun are involved in cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. METHODS The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis with regard to the expressions of c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun. One hundred fifty biopsied HCC specimens were stained immunohistochemically for the above phenotypic markers both in tumor tissue and in adjacent nontumor tissue. RESULTS Although the expression of c-myc was high (74%) in tumor tissue, it was significantly less compared with the expression in nontumor tissue (100%; P = 0.0002). The expression of c-myc was inversely proportional to the grade of differentiation in tumor tissue (P = 0.0108; correlation coefficient [r] = -0.244); that is, tissue with poorer histologic differentiation had a lower level of c-myc expression. There were inverse associations between the expression of c-myc and the expression of mutated p53 (P = 0.0017; r = -0.285) as well as the expression of Ki67 (P = 0.057; r = -0.147). There was significantly high expression of c-fos in tumor tissue compared with the expression in nontumor tissue (91% vs. 0%; P < 0.0001). Both the tumor tissue and the nontumor tissue had high levels of expression of c-jun (96.53% and 100%, respectively). There was a trend toward a positive association between the expression of c-fos and the expression of c-jun in tumor tissue (P = 0.07; r = 0.162). CONCLUSIONS Because c-myc is a known inducer of wild type p53, decreased c-myc expression may lead to uncontrolled cell growth because of the lack of p53 expression that normally induces apoptosis. The coordinated expression of c-fos and c-jun in HCC may reflect the coordinated tumor cell cycle of progression and proliferation; however, future studies are required to elucidate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc is a common phenomenon in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun are involved in cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. METHODS The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis with regard to the expressions of c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun. One hundred fifty biopsied HCC specimens were stained immunohistochemically for the above phenotypic markers both in tumor tissue and in adjacent nontumor tissue. RESULTS Although the expression of c-myc was high (74%) in tumor tissue, it was significantly less compared with the expression in nontumor tissue (100%; P = 0.0002). The expression of c-myc was inversely proportional to the grade of differentiation in tumor tissue (P = 0.0108; correlation coefficient [r] = -0.244); that is, tissue with poorer histologic differentiation had a lower level of c-myc expression. There were inverse associations between the expression of c-myc and the expression of mutated p53 (P = 0.0017; r = -0.285) as well as the expression of Ki67 (P = 0.057; r = -0.147). There was significantly high expression of c-fos in tumor tissue compared with the expression in nontumor tissue (91% vs. 0%; P < 0.0001). Both the tumor tissue and the nontumor tissue had high levels of expression of c-jun (96.53% and 100%, respectively). There was a trend toward a positive association between the expression of c-fos and the expression of c-jun in tumor tissue (P = 0.07; r = 0.162). CONCLUSIONS Because c-myc is a known inducer of wild type p53, decreased c-myc expression may lead to uncontrolled cell growth because of the lack of p53 expression that normally induces apoptosis. The coordinated expression of c-fos and c-jun in HCC may reflect the coordinated tumor cell cycle of progression and proliferation; however, future studies are required to elucidate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Wu PC, Obata Y, Fujikawa M, Li CJ, Higashiyama K, Takayama K. Simultaneous optimization based on artificial neural networks in ketoprofen hydrogel formula containing O-ethyl-3-butylcyclohexanol as percutaneous absorption enhancer. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:1004-14. [PMID: 11536204 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the amounts of additives including 1-O-ethyl-3-n-butylcyclohexanol (OEBC), diisopropyl adipate (DIA), and isopropanol (IPA) on the penetration rate (R(p)) of ketoprofen from hydrogels through rat skin in vivo was investigated. Skin irritation evoked by the application of hydrogels was evaluated based on a microscopic observation of skin cross-sections. Both optimization techniques incorporating an artificial neural network (ANN) and a second-order polynomial regression analysis were applied to the optimization of ketoprofen hydrogel formulations. Findings indicated that the R(p) and total irritation score (TIS) of the skin were predicted quantitatively as a function of quantities of OEBC, DIA, and IPA, employing ANN. In contrast, the prediction ability of the polynomial regression equation was somewhat poorer compared with that of ANN. The observed results of R(p) and TIS in the optimal formulation coincided well with the predictions in the simultaneous optimization technique incorporating ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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