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Keyt L, Lin A, Begur M, Bui Q, Duran A, Urey M, Adler E, Pretorius V, Rodriguez JBC. Incidence, Predictors and Outcomes of Acute Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities after Orthotopic Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Barriola Rubarth R, Duran A, Sung K, Bui Q, McLenon M, Cruz Rodriguez J, Urey M, Adler E, Wettersten N, Kearns M, Pretorius V, Silva Enciso J, Tran H. Low Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index (PAPi) Early Post Heart Transplant is Associated with Short Term Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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White R, Kearns M, Sharaf K, Cookish D, Gernhofer Y, Bui Q, Duran A, Hong K, Brann A, Urey M, Pretorius V. Donation after Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation Reduces Length of Stay and Associated Costs: A Single Center Comparison. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Begur M, Lin A, Keyt L, Bui Q, Duran A, Urey M, Adler E, Pretorius V, Cruz Rodriguez J. Permanent Pacemaker Placement Following Donation after Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Duran A, Rubarth R, Agdashian D, Kumar A, Bui Q, McLenon M, Rodriguez JC, Urey M, Adler E, Wettersten N, Tran H, Kearns M, Pretorius V, Enciso JS. Early Graft Function by Hemodynamics is Similar Between Brain Death (DBD) and Circulatory Death Donors (DCD). J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Lin A, Bui Q, Duran A, Gernhofer Y, White R, Sharaf K, Cookish D, Tran H, Hong K, Adler E, Wettersten N, Enciso JS, Urey M, Kearns M, Pretorius V. Impact of Dcd Donor Hearts on Transplant Outcomes: A Propensity-Matched Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Keyt L, Bui Q, Duran A, McLenon M, Urey M, Adler E, Rodriguez JC. Utility of Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (Sipat) as a Predictor of Outcomes after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Sharaf K, Cookish D, White R, Jackson B, Brann A, Lin A, Bui Q, Duran A, Gernhofer Y, Urey M, Kearns M, Pretorius V. Cold Static Storage of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) Hearts Procured via Normothermic Region Perfusion (NRP): Effect of Ischemic Time on Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Bui Q, Kraushaar M, Hanko L, Reed M, Kumar A, Vu H, Greenberg B, Urey M, Adler E, Hong K. Association of Strain with Clinical Outcomes in Lmna Cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Bui Q, Gernhofer Y, Duran A, Lin A, Ding J, Birs A, Ma G, White R, Sharaf K, Cookish D, Wettersten N, Rodriguez JC, Tran H, Hong K, Adler E, Enciso JS, Urey M, Kearns M, Pretorius V. One Year Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (cav) Outcomes in Donor after Circulatory Death (dcd) Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Mughal AY, Stockton MA, Bui Q, Go V, Ha TV, Pence BW, Gaynes BN. Validation of screening tools for common mental health disorders in the methadone maintenance population in Hanoi, Vietnam. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:488. [PMID: 34610792 PMCID: PMC8491403 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental health disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may worsen both HIV and drug use outcomes, yet feasible tools to accurately identify CMDs have received limited study in this population. We aimed to validate the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder screen (GAD-7) and Primary Care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) in a methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) patient population in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PC-PTSD-5 were administered to MMT patients. A blinded interviewer administered the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as the reference gold standard. Total scores of each tool were compared with the MINI diagnoses using a receiver operating characteristic curves, and we identified the optimal respective cut-off scores using the Youden's Index. RESULTS We enrolled 400 MMT patients. Approximately 99.3% were male (n = 397) and 21.8% (n = 87) were HIV positive. The prevalence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and PTSD, respectively, was 10.5, 4 and 2%. Optimal cut-off scores for the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PC-PTSD were ≥ 5, ≥3, and ≥ 4 with a sensitivity/specificity of 95.2%/91.9, 93.8%/87.5, and 62.5%/95.2%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMDs in the MMT population was lower than expected. A lower cut-off score may be considered when screening for CMDs in this population. Further research should investigate the validity of somatic symptom-based screening tools among other drug-using or MMT populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Y. Mughal
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Melissa A. Stockton
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Quynh Bui
- The UNC Vietnam Office, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vivian Go
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- The UNC Vietnam Office, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Brian W. Pence
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Bradley N. Gaynes
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 333 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
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Stockton MA, Mughal AY, Bui Q, Greene MC, Pence BW, Go V, Gaynes BN. Psychometric performance of the perceived stigma of substance abuse scale (PSAS) among patients on methadone maintenance therapy in Vietnam. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108831. [PMID: 34225222 PMCID: PMC9830006 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who inject drugs (PWID) and patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) face severe stigma and discrimination. However, there are limited measures assessing stigma towards individuals with substance use disorders or MMT patients, particularly in Vietnam, and few studies have examined the psychometric properties of existing measures. This study aims to examine the performance of the eight-item Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS), created in the United States, among a population of MMT patients in Vietnam. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adult patients enrolled in an urban MMT clinic. Substance use stigma was measured using the PSAS. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessed construct validity, reliability and known-group validity. RESULTS The original eight-item scale was unidimensional, but yielded mixed goodness-of-fit indicators. Ultimately, dropping two items and allowing the errors of the items related to childcare to correlate improved the goodness-of-fit indicators. (RMSEA = 0.025; CFI = 0.999; and SRMR = 0.018). The shortened scale demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.766). The mean stigma scores were significantly higher among individuals not working, but did not significantly vary by length of time in MMT, marital status, education attainment, HIV status, depression, concurrent injection drug use or missed methadone dose. CONCLUSIONS The shortened six-item scale demonstrated good construct validity and acceptability reliability, but it did not demonstrate many a priori hypothesized known-group validity associations. Further research should consider a mixed-methods validation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Stockton
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA,Corresponding author: (MAS)
| | - Anisa Y. Mughal
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Quynh Bui
- The UNC Vietnam Office, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi
| | - M. Claire Greene
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Program on Forced Migration, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian W. Pence
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Epidemiology Department, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vivian Go
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bradley N. Gaynes
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 333 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Hershow RB, Miller WC, Giang LM, Sripaipan T, Bhadra M, Nguyen SM, Vu VD, Bui Q, Ha TV, Go VF. Minority Stress and Experience of Sexual Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:6531-6549. [PMID: 30569781 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518819884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are highly vulnerable to sexual violence, a known driver of HIV infection. Homosexuality stigma may be a unique risk factor for sexual violence among MSM. In this study, we examine the relationship between homosexuality stigma measures and sexual violence in the last 12 months using a minority stress framework. MSM were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. Participants completed an interviewer-administered survey and provided blood samples for HIV testing. Bivariable associations were tested between self-reported experience of sexual violence in the last 12 months and homosexuality stigma measures using odds ratios (ORs) produced by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Statistics. A logistic regression model for each type of minority stress was built to conduct the multivariable analyses with independent covariates. Of 202 MSM, 29 (14.4%) participants reported experiencing sexual violence in the last 12 months. About one fourth of participants reported experiencing high enacted (55/202; 27.2%), perceived (52/202; 25.7%), and internalized (60/202; 29.7%) homosexuality stigma. In bivariable and multivariable analyses, enacted homosexuality stigma was the only variable consistently associated with experience of sexual violence in the last 12 months (aOR: 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.5, 8.4]). Sexual violence and homosexuality stigma are highly prevalent among MSM in Hanoi, Vietnam. MSM-targeted HIV prevention interventions in Vietnam should incorporate violence prevention and homosexuality stigma reduction activities. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand how homosexuality stigma influences sexual violence and other HIV risk behaviors among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Quynh Bui
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Vivian F Go
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Blackburn NA, Go VF, Bui Q, Hutton H, Tampi RP, Sripaipan T, Ha TV, Latkin CA, Golden S, Golin C, Chander G, Frangakis C, Gottfredson N, Dowdy DW. The Cost-Effectiveness of Adapting and Implementing a Brief Intervention to Target Frequent Alcohol Use Among Persons with HIV in Vietnam. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2108-2119. [PMID: 33392969 PMCID: PMC8576395 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brief interventions to reduce frequent alcohol use among persons with HIV (PWH) are evidence-based, but resource-constrained settings must contend with competition for health resources. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of two intervention arms compared to the standard of care (SOC) in a three-arm randomized control trial targeting frequent alcohol use in PWH through increasing the percent days abstinent from alcohol and viral suppression. We estimated incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained from a modified societal perspective and a 1-year time horizon using a Markov model of health outcomes. The two-session brief intervention (BI), relative to the six-session combined intervention (CoI), was more effective and less costly; the estimated incremental cost-effectiveness of the BI relative to the SOC, was $525 per QALY gained. The BI may be cost-effective for the HIV treatment setting; the health utility gained from viral suppression requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Blackburn
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA.
| | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA
| | - Quynh Bui
- University of North Carolina Project Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Heidi Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Radhika P Tampi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teerada Sripaipan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- University of North Carolina Project Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelley Golden
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA
| | - Carol Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constantine Frangakis
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nisha Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7420, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7420, USA
| | - David W Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mughal AY, Stockton MA, Bui Q, Go V, Pence BW, Ha TV, Gaynes BN. Examining common mental health disorders in people living with HIV on methadone maintenance therapy in Hanoi, Vietnam. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 33892743 PMCID: PMC8063421 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection drug use drives HIV transmission in Southeast Asia, where around a quarter of users are living with HIV. Vietnam developed Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) programs to reduce unsafe drug abuse. Common mental health disorders (CMD), including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can worsen MMT outcomes and are highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLH). We aimed to characterize HIV and CMD among MMT patients and assess the impact of HIV and CMD on MMT engagement outcomes in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban MMT clinic in Hanoi. Participants were screened for CMD with the relevant sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Tabular comparisons and regression models were used to understand the association of HIV and CMD with substance use and methadone compliance. RESULTS Of the 400 MMT participants, 22% were living with HIV, 11% a CMD, 27% reported injection drug use, and 27% reported methadone noncompliance. Around 17% of those with HIV also had a CMD. Reporting non injection and injection drug use were each higher among those with CMD regardless of HIV status. In addition, reporting any drug use was much higher among those with both HIV and CMD than among those with neither (73% vs 31%, p value 0.001). While methadone noncompliance was lower among PLH than among those without HIV (16.3% vs 30.1%, p value 0.010), noncompliance was higher among those with CMD than among those without (40.5% vs 25.6%, p value 0.045). Among those without HIV, noncompliance was higher among those with CMD than among those without, but among those with HIV, the opposite relationship was observed. CONCLUSION There is complex overlap between substance use and methadone noncompliance among MMT patients living with HIV, CMD or both. In this population, we found a high prevalence of CMD and substance use among PLH, and a high prevalence of substance use and methadone noncompliance among those with CMD. Prioritizing provision of mental health care services to MMT patients living with HIV can help improve engagement with substance use disorder treatment and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Y Mughal
- School of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Melissa Ann Stockton
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Quynh Bui
- The UNC Vietnam Office, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vivian Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brian W Pence
- Epidemiology Department, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- The UNC Vietnam Office, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 333 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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Chockalingam L, Ha TV, Bui Q, Hershow RB, Hoffman I, Go VF. Barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation among HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:391-399. [PMID: 33559769 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Vietnam, 60% of men living with HIV smoke tobacco, and 92% of HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) smoke tobacco. Tobacco use increases mortality through increased health risks including tuberculosis and malignancy in HIV-infected smokers. However, tobacco use treatment is not widely available in Vietnam. The objective was to examine current barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation and tobacco use treatment for HIV-infected PWID in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS Native speaking ethnographers conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews about tobacco use and tobacco use treatment with sixteen HIV-infected PWID and eight healthcare providers, recruited from four HIV-Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated for thematic analysis in Dedoose. RESULTS Clients and providers had learned the general health risks of smoking from public awareness campaigns. Half had tried to quit previously, often motivated by advice from family members but not by HIV providers' advice. Almost all clients did not want to quit, citing the low price of tobacco, prevalence of smoking in Vietnam, and physical cravings. HIV provider's counseling was brief, inconsistent, and limited by low provider knowledge and competing burdens of HIV and injection drug use. Providers recently trained by NGO-led seminars on tobacco prioritized tobacco use treatment. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation efforts for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and PWID smokers in Hanoi, Vietnam could benefit from further community public awareness campaigns, and exploring increased tobacco taxation. Tobacco use treatment at HIV clinics could benefit from involving family and friends in cessation, and training providers in treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chockalingam
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - T V Ha
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,UNC Project-Vietnam, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Q Bui
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - R B Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - I Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - V F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Blackburn NA, Go VF, Bui Q, Hutton H, Tampi RP, Sripaipan T, Ha TV, Latkin C, Golden S, Golin C, Chander G, Frangakis C, Gottfredson N, Dowdy DW. Implementation of two alcohol reduction interventions among persons with hazardous alcohol use who are living with HIV in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam: a micro-costing analysis. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1814035. [PMID: 32892740 PMCID: PMC7781886 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1814035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazardous alcohol use is detrimental to persons with HIV (PWH), impacting medication adherence and liver function, yet globally resources to target alcohol use behavior in this population are limited. Few studies have identified the costs of integrating alcohol reduction interventions into HIV care. OBJECTIVE To estimate the costs of implementing and delivering two evidence-based behavioral counseling interventions targeting hazardous alcohol use among persons with HIV and to estimate the costs of scale-up in ART clinics in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. METHODS We undertook a micro-costing approach to determine the costs of delivering two adapted evidence-based interventions to reduce alcohol use: an intensive combined cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy-informed intervention (CoI) and an abbreviated brief alcohol intervention (BI). A total of 294 participants with hazardous alcohol use were identified through a brief screening tool and received the CoI (n = 147) and the BI (n = 147) over 3 months. We estimated costs using time and motion studies, budget analysis, staff interviews, and participant questionnaires. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018 in VND and converted to USD. RESULTS The total cost of implementation and administration of the intervention to 147 participants receiving the CoI was $13,900 ($95 per participant) and to 147 participants receiving the BI was $5700 ($39 per participant). Implementation and startup costs including training accounted for 27% of costs for the CoI and 28% for the BI. Counselor costs accounted for a large proportion of both the CoI (41%) and the BI (30%). CONCLUSIONS Implementing and delivering alcohol reduction interventions to people with HIV in Vietnam with appropriate fidelity is costly. These costs may be reduced, particularly counselor labor costs, by using an evidence-based brief intervention format. Future research should explore the budgetary impact of brief and combined interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use, particularly among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Blackburn
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vivian F. Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Quynh Bui
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heidi Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Radhika P. Tampi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teerada Sripaipan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tran V. Ha
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelley Golden
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carol Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constantine Frangakis
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nisha Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David W. Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Bui Q, Ma G, Kraushaar M, Escobedo V, Le B, Covarrubias E, Brambatti M, Kahn A, Bougault C, Hong K, Taylor M, Adler E. Apical sparing strain pattern observed in danon disease: insights from a global registry. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Danon Disease (DD) is a rare X-linked autophagic disorder due to mutations in the Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP-2) gene and causes severe cardiac manifestations. Measurement of longitudinal strain (LS) has been shown to provide diagnostic insights into different etiologies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies compared to conventional echocardiographic parameters.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of global and regional LS in DD.
Methods
A retrospective, international registry, using medical records provided by patients, was formed to describe the natural history of DD. Complete echocardiogram images were available for review and LS was analyzed globally and regionally (basal, mid, apex).
Results
A total of eighteen DD patients (male 72%, mean age 17.2±10 years) had sufficient quality echocardiographic images for both traditional and myocardial strain evaluation. Notable traditional echocardiographic parameters included a mean EF of 60±11%, LV mass index 200±159 g/m2, intraventricular septal diameter 17.7±10.3 mm, LV posterior wall diameter 16.1±7.7 mm, LA volume index 21.9±13 mL/m2. Global longitudinal strain was reduced with a mean of −12.1±4.9% with an observed regional strain gradient: apex (−16.6±6.6%), mid (−10.9±4.7%) and basal (−9.2±4.5%). Bull's eye plot patterns reflected an apical sparing pattern that was similar to that described in cardiac amyloidosis.
Conclusion
In this DD cohort, we describe for the first time a strain pattern characterized by reduction in global longitudinal strain with apical sparing, which was originally pathognomonic for cardiac amyloidosis. This strain pattern in conjunction with a paradoxically normal LA volume may discriminate patients with DD from other hypertrophic conditions.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Bui
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - G Ma
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - M Kraushaar
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - V Escobedo
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - B Le
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - E Covarrubias
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - M Brambatti
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - A Kahn
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - C Bougault
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - K Hong
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - M Taylor
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - E Adler
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
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19
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Kiriazova T, Go VF, Hershow RB, Hamilton EL, Sarasvita R, Bui Q, Lancaster KE, Dumchev K, Hoffman IF, Miller WC, Latkin CA. Perspectives of clients and providers on factors influencing opioid agonist treatment uptake among HIV-positive people who use drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam: HPTN 074 study. Harm Reduct J 2020; 17:69. [PMID: 32998731 PMCID: PMC7528574 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an effective method of addiction treatment and HIV prevention. However, globally, people who inject drugs (PWID) have insufficient OAT uptake. To expand OAT access and uptake, policymakers, program developers and healthcare providers should be aware of barriers to and facilitators of OAT uptake among PWID. METHODS As a part of the HPTN 074 study, which assessed the feasibility of an intervention to facilitate HIV treatment and OAT in PWID living with HIV in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam, we conducted in-depth interviews with 37 HIV-positive PWID and 25 healthcare providers to explore barriers to and facilitators of OAT uptake. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and coded in NVivo for analysis. We developed matrices to identify emergent themes and patterns. RESULTS Despite some reported country-specific factors, PWID and healthcare providers at all geographic locations reported similar barriers to OAT initiation, such as complicated procedures to initiate OAT, problematic clinic access, lack of information on OAT, misconceptions about methadone, financial burden, and stigma toward PWID. However, while PWID reported fear of drug interaction (OAT and antiretroviral therapy), providers perceived that PWID prioritized drug use over caring for their health and hence were less motivated to take up ART and OAT. Motivation for a life change and social support were reported to be facilitators. CONCLUSION These results highlight a need for support for PWID to initiate and retain in drug treatment. To expand OAT in all three countries, it is necessary to facilitate access and ensure low-threshold, financially affordable OAT programs for PWID, accompanied with supporting interventions. PWID attitudes and beliefs about OAT indicate the need for informational campaigns to counter misinformation and stigma associated with addiction and OAT (especially methadone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Kiriazova
- Ukrainian Institute On Public Health Policy, 5 Biloruska Str., Office 20, 27, Kyiv, 04050 Ukraine
| | - Vivian F. Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Rebecca B. Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Erica L. Hamilton
- Science Facilitation Department, FHI 360, 359 Blackwell Street, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Riza Sarasvita
- Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jalan Pangeran Diponegoro No.71, Salemba, Senen, Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, Jakarta, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Quynh Bui
- UNC Project Vietnam, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kathryn E. Lancaster
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 300-D Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kostyantyn Dumchev
- Ukrainian Institute On Public Health Policy, 5 Biloruska Str., Office 20, 27, Kyiv, 04050 Ukraine
| | - Irving F. Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - William C. Miller
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 300-D Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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20
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Hershow RB, Ha TV, Sripaipan T, Latkin C, Hutton HE, Chander G, Bui Q, Nguyen VQ, Frangakis C, Go VF. Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Living with HIV in Northern Vietnam. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2555-2571. [PMID: 32078077 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and characteristics of HIV-infected male perpetrators. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Vietnam with male antiretroviral treatment clients (N = 1099; mean age = 40.2 years). Bivariable associations were tested between psychological or physical/sexual IPV perpetration in the last 12 months and sociodemographic, psychosocial, and sexual behavioral factors using prevalence ratios. Factors significant at p < 0.10 were entered in multivariable models for each IPV outcome using a modified Poisson approach. Results showed 15.6% (N = 171/1099) reported perpetrating psychological IPV and 7.6% (N = 84/1099) perpetrating physical/sexual IPV in the last 12 months. HIV risk behaviors, including hazardous drinking and multiple sexual partners, having witnessed interparental violence as a child, and depressive symptoms were associated with perpetrating IPV. HIV interventions targeting HIV-infected men in Vietnam should intervene on IPV perpetration by addressing the co-occurring factors of sexual risk, depression, alcohol use, and child maltreatment that are correlated with IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Teerada Sripaipan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi E Hutton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Constantine Frangakis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Braun O, Brambatti M, Shah P, Cipriani M, Veenis J, Bui Q, Hong K, de Heyning C, Perna E, Timmermans P, Cikes M, Gjesdal G, Partida C, Potena L, Masetti M, Loforte A, Jakus N, Nilsson J, De Bock D, Minto J, Brugts J, Sterken C, Van den Bossche K, Rega F, Sing R, Russo C, Pretorius V, Klein L, Frigerio M, Adler E, Ammirati E. ICD Therapy Confers No Survival Advantage in a Global LVAD Population: Insights from the Trans-Atlantic Registry on VAD and Transplant (TRAViATA). J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Cho B, Lee K, Ahn MJ, Geater SL, Ngoc T, Wang CC, Cho E, Lee J, Sriuranpong V, Bui Q, Clarke S, Kuyama S, Nakagawa K, Liu F, Clemett D, Scheuring U, Peters S, Rizvi N. Efficacy and safety of first-line durvalumab (D) ± tremelimumab (T) vs chemotherapy (CT) in Asian patients with metastatic NSCLC: Results from MYSTIC. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Brambatti M, Esshaki Y, Vanam S, Escobedo V, Macias G, Le B, Bui Q, Ma G, Taylor M, Adler E. P902Danon disease: clinical features and outcomes. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Danon Disease (DD) is a rare X-linked autophagic vacuolar myopathy, characterized by high penetrance and severe cardiomyopathy; cognitive, skeletal muscle and vision impairment may occur as well. Due to its rarity, clinical presentation and outcomes are still uncertain.
Purpose
To describe clinical features and outcomes of DD in female and male patients
Methods
Individuals and families from United Kingdom, Australia, and United States were recruited through via advertisements on Facebook groups related to DD. Participants completed a survey about symptoms and medical history and provided their medical records to the research team.
Results
A total of 44 patients (54.5% female) with positive genetic testing for DD were included. De novo mutations occurred in one out of four patients. Cardiomyopathy occurred in 86.3% of patients (18/24 females, 20/20 males) at a mean age of 7.3 years for males and 19.4 years for females (p=0.001). Females presented with either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, 66.7%) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, 8.3%) whereas males presented with HCM 90% of the time. 34.2% of patients were diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Twelve patients (7 females, 5 males) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) Out of the 9 cases, 8 (88.9%) exhibited extensive patchy late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) in multiple segments of the left ventricle; 3 cases also had right ventricular LGE. Median cardiac mass index was 155 g/m2 (Q1-Q3: 70–237; v.n. 31–79 g/m2). Overall, 17 (38.6%) patients died or required or heart transplant (HTx). Median age at the time of death or HTx was 17 years and 42 years in males and females, respectively (p=0.025 by the log-rank test)
Cognitive impairment, mainly described as learning disabilities, was diagnosed in 90.0% of males (18/20) and 79.2% (19/24) of females; intelligence quotient (IQ) measurement was reported in 8 patients (3 females, 5 males) and 7 of them showed IQ below the average. Symptomatic skeletal myopathy was present in 28 (63.3%) of patients, with a higher prevalence in males (85% vs. 45.8%; p<0.01). Retinopathy was reported in 14 (31.2%) patients and occurred equally in both genders (p=0.34).
Conclusions
DD causes significant cardiac morbidity with the need for transplant at a young age; in 25% of cases DD is due to a de novo mutation. While in males DD is more frequently multisystemic with a more rapid clinical deterioration, in females the clinical presentation is variable. However, the presence of severe cases in females warrant the clinicians to screen for DD in both sexes with clinical manifestations or positive family history
Acknowledgement/Funding
Rocket Pharmaceuticals
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brambatti
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Y Esshaki
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - S Vanam
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - V Escobedo
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - G Macias
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - B Le
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Q Bui
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - G Ma
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - M Taylor
- University of Colorado, Aurora, United States of America
| | - E Adler
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
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24
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Go VF, Hershow RB, Kiriazova T, Sarasvita R, Bui Q, Latkin CA, Rose S, Hamilton E, Lancaster KE, Metzger D, Hoffman IF, Miller WC. Client and Provider Perspectives on Antiretroviral Treatment Uptake and Adherence Among People Who Inject Drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine and Vietnam: HPTN 074. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1084-1093. [PMID: 30306437 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) have low uptake of HIV services, increasing the risk of transmission to uninfected injection or sexual partners and the likelihood of AIDS-related deaths. HPTN 074 is a vanguard study assessing the feasibility of an integrated intervention to facilitate treatment as prevention to PWID in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam. We describe barriers to and facilitators of ART uptake and adherence among PWID. We conducted in-depth interviews with 62 participants, including 25 providers and 37 PWID at baseline across all sites. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated into English and coded in NVivo for analysis. Matrices were developed to identify emergent themes and patterns. Overall, differences between provider and PWID perspectives were greater than differences in cross-site perspectives. Providers and PWID recognized clinic access, financial barriers, side effects, and lack of information about HIV testing and ART enrollment as barriers to ART. However, providers tended to emphasize individual level barriers to ART, such as lack of motivation due to drug use, whereas PWID highlighted health systems barriers, such as clinic hours and financial burden, fears, and side effects. Providers did not mention stigma as a barrier though their language reflected stereotypes about drug users. The differences between provider and PWID perspectives suggest a gap in providers' understanding of PWID. This misunderstanding has implications for patient-provider interactions that may affect PWID willingness to access care or adhere to ART. Lessons learned from this study will be important as countries with a significant HIV burden among PWID design and implement programs to engage HIV-infected PWID in care and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Rebecca B Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tetiana Kiriazova
- Ukrainian Institute on Public Health Policy, Malopidvalna Street, 4, Kiev, 02000, Ukraine
| | - Riza Sarasvita
- National Narcotics Board, Jalan Letnan Jendral M.T. Haryono No.11, RT.1/RW.6, Cawang, Kramatjati, RT.1/RW.6, Cawang, Kramatjati, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, Jakarta, 13630, Indonesia
- Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jalan Pangeran Diponegoro No.71, Salemba, Senen, Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Quynh Bui
- UNC Project Vietnam, Yen Hoa Health Clinic, Lot E2, Duong Dinh Nghe Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Scott Rose
- Science Facilitation Department, FHI 360, 359 Blackwell Street, Suite 200, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Erica Hamilton
- Science Facilitation Department, FHI 360, 359 Blackwell Street, Suite 200, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Kathryn E Lancaster
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 300-D Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 4th Floor - Suite 4000, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3309, USA
| | - Irving F Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William C Miller
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 300-D Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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25
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Lancaster KE, Miller WC, Kiriazova T, Sarasvita R, Bui Q, Ha TV, Dumchev K, Susami H, Hamilton EL, Rose S, Hershow RB, Go VF, Metzger D, Hoffman IF, Latkin CA. Designing an Individually Tailored Multilevel Intervention to Increase Engagement in HIV and Substance Use Treatment Among People Who Inject Drugs With HIV: HPTN 074. AIDS Educ Prev 2019; 31:95-110. [PMID: 30917014 PMCID: PMC6594165 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2019.31.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
People who inject drugs (PWID) face barriers to engagement in antiretro-viral treatment (ART) and medication-assisted treatment (MAT). We detail the design, rapid preparation and adaptation, and systematic implementation of a flexible, individually tailored intervention for PWID in multiple settings: Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam. HPTN 074 integrated systems navigation and counseling to facilitate entry and adherence to ART and MAT. Site-level guidance on the intervention involved in-depth interviews (IDIs) among PWID and their supporters and site-specific document review. IDIs emphasized ART misinformation and importance of social support for adherence. The document review revealed differences in health care system barriers, requiring an intervention that was flexible and tailored enough to address key outcomes. Implementation included regular debriefs for iterative adaptations based on participants' needs, including booster counseling sessions and subsidizing pre-ART testing. HPTN 074 provides a unique framework implementing a flexible and scalable intervention to improve ART and MAT outcomes among PWID across multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William C Miller
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Tran Viet Ha
- UNC Project Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Hepa Susami
- Abhipraya Foundation and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Scott Rose
- Science Facilitation Department, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca B Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David Metzger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and the Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irving F Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Sun A, Cheng J, Bui Q, Liang Y, Ng T, Chen JL. Home-Based and Technology-Centered Childhood Obesity Prevention for Chinese Mothers With Preschool-Aged Children. J Transcult Nurs 2017; 28:616-624. [DOI: 10.1177/1043659617719139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joyce Cheng
- Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Liang
- Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terence Ng
- Chinese Community Health Resource Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jyu-Lin Chen
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Sun A, Bui Q, Tsoh JY, Gildengorin G, Chan J, Cheng J, Lai K, McPhee S, Nguyen T. Efficacy of a Church-Based, Culturally Tailored Program to Promote Completion of Advance Directives Among Asian Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 19:381-391. [PMID: 27103618 PMCID: PMC5074907 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Having an Advance Directive (AD) can help to guide medical decision-making. Asian Americans (AA) are less likely than White Americans to complete an AD. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a church-based intervention to increase knowledge and behavior change related to AD among Chinese and Vietnamese Americans. This study utilized a single group pre- and post-intervention design with 174 participants from 4 churches. Domain assessed: demographics; AD-related knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions; AD completion; and conversations with a healthcare proxy. Data were analyzed using Chi square and multiple logistic regression techniques. We observed significant increases in participants' AD-related knowledge, intentions, and a gain in supportive beliefs and attitudes about AD, resulting in 71.8 % AD completion, and 25.0 % having had a proxy conversation. Providing culturally-tailored intervention and step-by-step guidance can help to achieve significant changes in AD related knowledge and behavior in AA church goers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Chinese Community Health Resource Center, 728 Pacific Avenue Suite 115, San Francisco, CA, 94133, USA.
| | - Quynh Bui
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janice Y Tsoh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ginny Gildengorin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Chan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Cheng
- Chinese Community Health Resource Center, 728 Pacific Avenue Suite 115, San Francisco, CA, 94133, USA
| | - Ky Lai
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen McPhee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Bui Q. Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation. Am Fam Physician 2016; 93:178-179. [PMID: 26926611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Bui Q, Sherma J, Fried B, Hines J. Determination of Growth-Phase Dependent Influences Exerted by Prions on Yeast Lipid Content Using HPTLC-Densitometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015; 28:373-385. [PMID: 27974871 PMCID: PMC5152692 DOI: 10.1556/1326.2016.28.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prions of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae allow for the inheritance of complex traits based solely on the acquisition of cytoplasmic protein aggregates and confer distinctive phenotypes to the cells which harbor them, creating heterogeneity within an otherwise clonal cell population. These phenotypes typically arise from a loss-of-function of the prion-forming protein that is unable to perform its normal cellular function(s) while sequestered in prion amyloid aggregates, but the specific biochemical consequences of prion infection are poorly understood. To begin to address this issue, we initiated a direct investigation into the potential control that yeast prions exert over fungal lipid content by utilizing the prions [URE3] and [PSI+], the first two prions discovered in yeast. We utilized silica gel high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry to conduct pair-wise quantifications of the relative levels of free sterols, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerols [petroleum ether-diethyl ether-acetic acid (80:20:1) mobile phase, phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) detection reagent]; steryl esters and squalene (hexane-petroleum ether-diethyl ether-acetic acid (50:20;5:1), PMA]; and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol (chloroform-diethyl ether-acetic acid (65:25:4.5), cupric sulfate-phosphoric acid) in otherwise clonal prion-infected ([PSI+] or [URE3]) and prion-free ([psi-] or [ure-o]) cells in two growth phases: log-phase and stationary phase. Our analysis revealed multiple statistically significant differences (p < 0.00625) between prion-infected and prion-free cells. Interestingly, prion-induced changes varied dramatically by growth phase, indicating that prions exert differential influences on cell physiology between log and stationary growth. Further experimental replication and extension of the analysis to other prions is expected to resolve additional physiological effects of prion infection. This investigation demonstrates that HPTLC-densitometry is an effective method for studying prion-induced alterations in lipid content in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - B. Fried
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J.K. Hines
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Bui Q. Early developmental intervention programs for preterm infants. Am Fam Physician 2014; 89:336-337. [PMID: 24695504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bui Q. Dietary fat modification and the risk of future cardiovascular events and mortality. Am Fam Physician 2013; 87:609-610. [PMID: 23668523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lina BAR, Reus AA, Hasselwander O, Bui Q, Tenning PP. Safety evaluation of Evesse EPC, an apple polyphenol extract rich in flavan-3-ols. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2845-53. [PMID: 22609490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The safety of the apple polyphenol extract EvesseEPC, which is rich in flavan-3-ols, particularly epicatechin, was evaluated. Both in a bacterial reverse mutation test and a mouse lymphoma assay, EvesseEPC showed a positive response in vitro. In vivo studies (UDS test in hepatocytes, bone marrow micronucleus test and comet assay in intestinal cells) were all negative and hence Evesse EPC is considered not to have genotoxic properties in vivo. In a 90-day study in rats, EvesseEPC was administered at dietary levels of 0%, 1.25%, 2% and 3.25%. Body weights were decreased in the high-dose group in both sexes without effects on feed or water intake. In the high-dose group, thrombocytes (males) and creatinine (both sexes) were decreased, prothrombin time (males) was increased, and liver, kidneys and spleen weights were increased (males), without histological correlates. Diffuse acinar cell hypertrophy, observed in the parotid salivary glands in all treatment groups, was not considered as adverse and presumably reflected a local, reversible and adaptive response to direct contact with EvesseEPC. The NOAEL for EvesseEPC in rats was 2% in the diet, equivalent to an overall average intake of 1.3 and 1.5 g/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A R Lina
- TNO Triskelion bv, PO Box 844, 3700 AV Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Bui Q. Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in patients with dementia. Am Fam Physician 2012; 85:20-22. [PMID: 22230303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Abstract
Higher acculturation is associated with increased obesity and depression among Latino-Americans, but not much is known about how acculturation is related to their prevalence of back and neck problems. This study examines whether acculturation is associated with the 12-month prevalence of self-reported chronic back or neck problems among US-born and immigrant Latinos. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis of data from 2,553 noninstitutionalized Latino adults from the 2002-2003 National Latino and Asian American Survey (NLAAS). After adjusting for demographic, physical and mental health indicators, English proficiency, nativity and higher generational status were all significantly positively associated with the report of chronic back or neck problems. Among immigrants, the proportion of lifetime in the US was not significantly associated. Our findings suggest that the report of chronic back or neck problems is higher among more acculturated Latino-Americans independent of health status, obesity, and the presence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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35
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Bui Q. Management options for early incomplete miscarriage. Am Fam Physician 2011; 83:258-260. [PMID: 21302866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
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36
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Bui Q. Cochrane for clinicians. First-line treatment for hypertension. Am Fam Physician 2010; 81:1333-1335. [PMID: 20521752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Bui Q. Blood pressure treatment targets for uncomplicated hypertension. Am Fam Physician 2010; 81:848. [PMID: 20353142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Bui
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bui Q, Valle D, Reguiai Z, Brugniart C, Scholtes F, Dib F, Pluot M, Bernard P, Ducasse A. 727 À propos d’un cas de pyoderma gangrenosum récidivant palpébral. J Fr Ophtalmol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(08)71326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are differences in results when evaluating cervical range of motion (ROM) with radiographic analysis, a bubble goniometer, and a dual inclinometer and whether particular physical parameters are related to cervical ROM. METHODS We evaluated the cervical ROM of 115 volunteers with each of the 3 clinical methods. Tape measurements of neck girth, distance from chin to sternal notch, and distances from ears to acromion were also recorded, along with sex and age. Interrater and intrarater reliabilities were determined, and the Pearson product moment correlation test and t test were performed on all data. RESULTS Cervical ROM as determined by radiographic analysis was greater than that obtained with either a dual inclinometer or a bubble goniometer. All tape measurements were weakly correlated with all 3 means of cervical ROM evaluation, with the exception of the measurement of ear lobes to acromion, which did not correlate with radiographic analysis. There were also differences found in cervical ROM by sex and by age, with female subjects and younger subjects having a greater ROM. CONCLUSION Compared with a dual inclinometer and a bubble goniometer, radiographic analysis provides a more accurate evaluation of cervical ROM.
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Roberts L, White R, Bui Q, Daughtrey W, Koschier F, Rodney S, Schreiner C, Steup D, Breglia R, Rhoden R, Schroeder R, Newton P. Developmental toxicity evaluation of unleaded gasoline vapor in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2001; 15:487-94. [PMID: 11780956 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential of unleaded gasoline vapor for developmental toxicity, a sample was prepared by slowly heating API 94-02 (1990 industry average gasoline) and condensing the vapor. The composition of this vapor condensate, which comprises 10.4% by volume of the starting gasoline, is representative of real-world exposure to gasoline vapor encountered at service stations and other occupational settings and consists primarily of volatile short chain (C4-C6) aliphatic hydrocarbons (i.e. paraffins) with small amounts of cycloparaffins and aromatic hydrocarbons. A preliminary study in rats and mice resulted in no developmental toxicity in either species. However, a slight reduction in maternal body weight gain in rats led to the selection of rats for this guideline study. Groups of pregnant rats (n = 24/group) were exposed to unleaded gasoline vapor at concentrations of 0, 1000, 3000, or 9000 (75% lower explosive limit) ppm equivalent to 0, 2653, 7960, or 23,900 mg/m3, for 6 h/day on gestation days 6-19. All rats were sacrificed on gestation day 20. No maternal toxicity was observed. Developmentally, there were no differences between treated and control groups in malformations, total variations, resorptions, fetal body weight, or viability. The maternal and developmental NOAEL is 9000 ppm. Under conditions of this study, unleaded gasoline vapors did not produce evidence of developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roberts
- American Petroleum Institute Developmental and Fuels Workgroups, Washington, DC, USA
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Lapin C, Bui Q, Breglia R, Koschier F, Podhasky P, Lapadula E, Roth R, Schreiner C, White R, Clark C, Mandella R, Hoffman G. Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: inhalation subchronic toxicity/neurotoxicity study of a light catalytic cracked naphtha distillate in rats. Int J Toxicol 2001; 20:307-19. [PMID: 11766128 DOI: 10.1080/109158101753253045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A 15-week, whole-body inhalation study of the vapors of a distillate (LCCN-D) of light catalytic cracked naphtha (CAS no. 64741-55-5, LCCN) was conducted with Sprague-Dawley rats. Target exposure concentrations were 0, 750, 2500, and 7500 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. Over the course of the study, animals received at least 65 exposures. For a portion of the control and 7500-ppm groups, a 4-week postexposure period was included in the study. Subchronic toxicity was evaluated using standard parameters. During life, neurotoxicity was evaluated by motor activity assessment and a functional observational battery. Selected tissues from animals in all exposure groups were examined microscopically. Neuropathologic examination of selected neuronal tissues from animals in the control and high-exposure groups was also conducted. No compound-related effects were seen on survival, clinical chemistry, food consumption, or physical signs. No evidence of neurotoxicity was seen at any exposure level. Slight decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were seen in male rats at the end of exposure to 7500 ppm LCCN-D. However, values were within normal physiological ranges and recovery occurred. Slight decreases in mean body weights and body weight gain were observed in high-exposure females during the first 7 weeks of exposure, but this decrease was not seen during the second half of the study. Male rat nephropathy involving hyaline droplet formation and alpha-2micro-globulin accumulation was seen in mid- and high-exposure males, an effect not relevant to humans. The incidence and severity of goblet cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia and respiratory epithelium hyperplasia in nasoturbinal tissues were greater in high-exposure animals, but recovery occurred. None of the effects observed were considered toxicologically significant. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for subchronic and neurotoxicity of LCCN-D was > or = 7500 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lapin
- Petroleum Product Stewardship Council, Washington, DC, USA.
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Schreiner C, Bui Q, Breglia R, Burnett D, Koschier F, Lapadula E, Podhasky P, White R. Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: inhalation subchronic toxicity/neurotoxicity study of a light catalytic reformed naphtha distillate in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000; 60:489-512. [PMID: 12607910 DOI: 10.1080/00984100050079557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A 13-wk whole-body inhalation study was conducted with Sprague-Dawley CD rats (16/sex/group) exposed to a light catalytic reformed naphtha distillate (LCRN-D, CAS number 64741-63-5) at target concentrations of 0, 750, 2500, and 7500 ppm for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk. Sixteen rats per sex in the control and high-dose groups were maintained after final exposure for a 4-wk recovery period. The highest exposure concentration was 75% of the lower explosive limit. Standard parameters of subchronic toxicity were measured throughout the study; at necropsy, organs were weighed and tissues processed for microscopic evaluation. Neurotoxicity evaluations consisted of motor activity (MA) and a functional operational battery (FOB) measured pretest, throughout exposure and after the recovery period. Neuropathology was evaluated at termination. No test-related mortality or effects on physical signs, body weight, food consumption, or clinical chemistry were observed. In males exposed to 7500-ppm LCRN-D, a statistically significant decrease in white blood cell counts and lymphocyte counts was observed at the termination of exposure that was not present in animals after the 4-wk recovery period. However, mean corpuscular volume was slightly decreased in high-dose males after the recovery period. Statistically significant increases in kidney weights relative to body weights in 7500-ppm male rats correlated with microscopically observed hyaline droplet formation and renal tubule dilation, indicative of light hydrocarbon nephropathy, a condition in male rats that is not toxicologically significant for humans. Statistically significant decrease in absolute and relative spleen weights in 7500-ppm male rats correlated with decreases in hematologic parameters but had no microscopic correlate and was not observed in animals after 4 wk of recovery. This mild, reversible effect in white blood cell populations may relate to the presence of aromatics in the distillate. The only effect of LCRN-D on neurobehavioral parameters was significantly higher motor activity counts among high-dose (7500 ppm) males after the 4-wk recovery period, suggesting a possible delayed effect of LCRN-D. However, there was no evidence of hyperactivity or abnormal behavior from the functional observational battery evaluations, and there were no microscopic changes in neural tissue to support this observation. The no-observed-adverse-effects level (NOAEL) for LCRN-D was 2500 ppm for both subchronic toxicity and neurotoxicity. The no-observed-effects level (NOEL) was 750 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schreiner
- Petroleum Product Stewardship Council, Washington, DC, USA
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43
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Schreiner C, Bui Q, Breglia R, Burnett D, Koschier F, Podhasky P, White R, Hoffman G, Schroeder R. Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: reproductive and developmental effects of light catalytic reformed naphtha distillate in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000; 60:169-184. [PMID: 10884166 DOI: 10.1080/009841000156475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A distillate of light catalytic reformed naphtha (CAS number 64741-63-5, LCRN-D) administered by inhalation was tested for reproductive and developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats, following a modified OECD Guideline 421, Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Screening protocol. LCRN-D was administered as a vapor, 6 h/d, 7 d/wk at target concentrations of 0, 750, 2500 or 7500 ppm to female rats for approximately 6 wk from 2 wk prior to mating, during mating through gestational d 19, and to males beginning 2 wk prior to mating for approximately 7 consecutive weeks. Dams and litters were sacrificed on postnatal d 4 and males were sacrificed within the week after the last litter was necropsied. Parental systemic effects observed at the 7500 ppm exposure level included slightly lower body weights for males throughout the study. Increased kidney to body weight and increased liver to body weight ratio in male rats exposed to 7500 ppm LCRN-D may be related to slightly lower final mean body weights. Body and organ weight data for female rats in all exposure groups were comparable to controls. No test-material-related microscopic changes were observed in the reproductive organs or nasal turbinate tissue of either sex. Reproductive performance was unaffected by exposure to LCRN-D. The mating and fertility indices were 100% in all groups. There were no significant exposure-related differences in implantation sites or live pups per litter, and no gross abnormalities were observed in pups from treated dams. Pups born from LCRN-D-exposed dams showed comparable body weights and weight gain to control pups. The viability index on postpartum d 4 was > or =97%. Under conditions of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for exposure to light catalytic reformed naphtha distillate for parental effects was 2500 ppm and the NOAEL for reproductive and developmental toxicity was 7500 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schreiner
- Petroleum Product Stewardship Council, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Schreiner C, Bui Q, Breglia R, Burnett D, Koschier F, Podhasky P, Lapadula E, White R, Schroeder RE. Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: reproductive and developmental effects of light catalytic cracked naphtha distillate in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 1999; 58:365-382. [PMID: 10580759 DOI: 10.1080/009841099157214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A distillate of light catalytic cracked naphtha (CAS number 64741-55-5, LCCN-D), administered by inhalation, was tested for reproductive and developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats, following a modified OECD Guideline 421, Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Screening Protocol. LCCN-D was administered as a vapor, 6 h/d, 7 d/wk at target concentrations of 0, 750, 2500 or 7500 ppm to female rats for approximately 7 wk from 2 wk prior to mating, during mating through gestational d 19, and to males beginning 2 wk prior to mating for 8 consecutive weeks. Dams and litters were sacrificed on postnatal d 4, and males were sacrificed within the following week. Parental systemic effects observed at the 7500 ppm exposure level were increased kidney weights and relative liver weights in males and increased spleen weights in high-dose females. Livers and spleens from rats in the high-dose group were normal in appearance at necropsy. IncreaSed kidney weights in high-dose males were indicative of male-rat-specific light hydrocarbon nephropathy. No test-related microscopic changes were observed in the reproductive organs or nasal turbinate tissues of either sex. Reproductive performance was unaffected by treatment with LCCN-D. Fertility index was > or =90% in all dose groups. There were no exposure-related differences in implantation sites and live pups per litter, and no gross abnormalities were observed. Pups born from treated dams showed comparable body weights and weight gains to controls. The viability index on postpartum d 4 was > or =97%; the high-dose group had more male than female pups at birth and at d 4 postpartum. Under the conditions of this study, the no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for exposure to light catalytic cracked naphtha distillate for parental toxicity was 2500 ppm and the NOAEL for reproductive performance and developmental toxicity was 7500 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schreiner
- Petroleum Product Stewardship Council, Washington, DC, USA.
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McLean D, Bui Q. Survey of mammographic cassette light output. Australas Radiol 1999; 43:52-7. [PMID: 10901871 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1673.1999.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper was to assess the variation in light output from clinical mammographic screens, particularly in relationship to age and radiographic usage. The light output from 156 mammographic cassettes from 17 clinical centres was measured on site using a novel light detector. Survey information on cassette age and usage was collected. Where possible, screen manufacture date was supplied by the vendor. One cassette from each centre was measured at a standard laboratory to allow normalization of all measurements. Three centres were found to have cassettes in clinical use whose light outputs varied by an amount incompatible with current Royal Australasian College of Radiologists (RACR) standards. These centres used cassettes whose ages varied widely. No correlation between light output and radiographic usage was found. Older cassettes were found to have a slight increase in light output. A small reduction of light output was measured between screen regions of high and low radiation exposure histories. Replacement of mammographic screens should not be based on an expectation of light output reduction due to age or usage. Rather, all mammographic screens should be replaced simultaneously as indicated by factors such as failure of screen-film contact or the presence of screen-related image artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McLean
- School of Medical Radiation Technology, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
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Schreiner C, Lapadula E, Breglia R, Bui Q, Burnett D, Koschier F, Podhasky P, White R, Mandella R, Hoffman G. Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: inhalation subchronic toxicity/neurotoxicity study of a light alkylate naphtha distillate in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 1998; 55:277-296. [PMID: 9801188 DOI: 10.1080/009841098158449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A 13-wk inhalation study was conducted with Sprague-Dawley CD rats (12/sex/group) were exposed by inhalation for 13 weeks to a light alkylate naphtha distillate (LAND-2, C4-C10; average molecular weight 89.2) at actual average concentrations of 0 (room air), 668, 2220, or 6646 ppm, 6 h/d, 5 d/wk; 12 additional rats/sex in the control and high dose groups were held after final exposure for a 4-wk recovery period. The highest exposure concentration was 75% of the lower explosive limit. Standard parameters of subchronic toxicity were measured throughout the study; at necropsy, organs were weighed and tissues processed for microscopic evaluation. Neurotoxicity evaluations consisted of motor activity (MA) and a functional operational battery (FOB) measured pretest, during 5, 9, and 14 wk of the study, and after the 4-wk recovery period. Whole-body perfusion and microscopic examination of selected organs and nervous tissue from the control and high dose rats were conducted at the end of exposure. No test-related mortality or effects on physical signs, body weight, or food consumption were observed. Statistically significant increases in absolute and relative kidney weights in high-exposure males correlated with microscopically observed hyaline droplet formation and renal nephropathy, effects in male rats that are not toxicologically significant for humans. Increased liver weights in both sexes at the highest dose had no microscopic correlate and appeared reversible after the 4-wk recovery period. Exposure to LAND-2 at any dose did not produce neurotoxicity measured by MA, FOB, or neuropathology. The no-observed-effects level (NOEL) for LAND-2 was 2220 ppm for subchronic toxicity and > or =26646 ppm for neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schreiner
- Petroleum Product Stewardship Council, Washington, DC, USA.
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47
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Schreiner C, Bui Q, Breglia R, Burnett D, Koschier F, Podhasky P, Lapadula L, White R, Feuston M, Krueger A, Rodriquez S. Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: reproductive and developmental effects of hydrodesulfurized kerosine. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997; 52:211-29. [PMID: 9316644 DOI: 10.1080/00984109708984061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodesulfurized kerosine (HDS kerosine), applied dermally, was tested for reproductive and developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats, using a modified OECD Guideline 421, Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Screening Protocol. A preliminary acute dermal irritancy test demonstrated that dilution of HDS kerosine in either a light (100 Saybolt universal seconds, SUS) or moderate viscosity (340 SUS) USP mineral oil reduced irritation of the neat material comparably. Similar dermal absorption was observed in vitro for neat HDS kerosine or diluted in either of the mineral oils. HDS kerosine diluted to 494 (60%), 330 (40%), or 165 (20%) mg/kg/day in Squibb mineral oil (340 SUS) was applied daily at 1 ml/kg to the shaved backs of rats for 7 wk (premating, mating to d 19 of gestation) to females and 8 wk to males. Dams and litters were sacrificed on postpartum d 4 and males were sacrificed within the following week. HDS kerosine produced slight to moderate skin irritation at the highest dose in both sexes but no apparent maternal, reproductive, or developmental toxicity. No clinical signs of toxicity and no effects on body weight, food consumption, or absolute organ weights were observed. Relative kidney weights were heavier in male rats at the high dose. Skin changes were observed microscopically in male rats in all groups and in females at the high dose. No microscopic changes were observed in reproductive organs of parental animals. There were no differences in mean number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, and live pups per litter, and no gross anomalies were observed. Pups born from treated dams showed comparable body weights and weight gains to controls. The viability index on postpartum d 4 was > or = 93%. In conclusion, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for HDS kerosine for reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats is 494 mg/kg/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schreiner
- Petroleum Product Stewardship Council, Washington, DC, USA.
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McLean D, Eisenhuth J, Knight P, Bui Q. X-ray intensifying screen visible light detection meter. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 1997; 20:102-6. [PMID: 9262029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A light meter has been designed and built for the purpose of measuring the light emitted from an intensifying screen during x-ray irradiation. The meter uses a photodiode detector with a minimal drift amplification system. The meter repeatability was better than 0.5% and was found to be linear. A significant x-ray induced signal was recorded during measurement which needed to be subtracted from readings to deduce the intensification screen light output. The energy response of four screen types was subsequently measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McLean
- School of Medical Radiation Technology, University of Sydney, N.S.W
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Barnes S, Bui Q. Modulation of calcium-activated chloride current via pH-induced changes of calcium channel properties in cone photoreceptors. J Neurosci 1991; 11:4015-23. [PMID: 1660538 PMCID: PMC6575289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of calcium-activated chloride channels is controlled through the complex interaction of cellular mechanisms affecting calcium entry, buffering, and extrusion, and an unknown stoichiometric relation between intracellular Ca concentration and Cl channel activation. Here, we show that calcium-activated chloride current [ICl(Ca)] in cone photoreceptors is also highly sensitive to external pH, being strongly reduced by acidification and enhanced by alkylinization of the bathing medium. We propose that this modulation is accounted for by the pH sensitivity of Ca channel activation and permeation, already well characterized in other cells, which we now extend to cone photoreceptor Ca channels. Acidification of the external medium from a control pH of 7.4 shifts the Ca channel activation range positively by about 10 mV at pH 6.8, reducing the magnitude of calcium current with a consequent reduction of chloride current. Alkylinization shifts the Ca channel activation range negatively by about 8 mV at pH 8 and produces larger calcium currents during step depolarizations that in turn elicit larger chloride tail currents. Modulation of ICl(Ca) by pH suggests other consequences of the pH-induced shift in Ca channel gating, for one, modification of Ca-dependent transmitter release, which could be especially significant in photoreceptors where the cell's operating voltage range overlaps only the lower end of the Ca channel activation range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bui Q, Weisz J. Identification of microsomal, organic hydroperoxide-dependent catechol estrogen formation: comparison with NADPH-dependent mechanism. Pharmacology 1988; 36:356-64. [PMID: 2841695 DOI: 10.1159/000138406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, notably benzo[a]pyrene, can be metabolized by both NADPH-dependent monooxygenase(s) and an organic hydroperoxide (OHP)-dependent mechanism. To determine whether phenolic estrogens, endogenous aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, can also be hydroxylated by these alternative pathways, conversion of estradiol (E2) to 2- and 4-hydroxylated catecholestrogens (2- and 4-OH-CEs) by human placental microsomes was examined under conditions previously shown to support CE formation by NADPH- and OHP-dependent mechanisms. CEs were formed under both conditions. Properties of OHP-dependent activity were similar to CE formation by peroxidases and distinct from the NADPH-dependent monooxygenase. NADPH supported only 2-hydroxylation, whereas cumene hydroperoxide supported 2- and 4-hydroxylation equally. Monooxygenase-mediated activity had characteristics of a high-affinity, low-capacity enzyme system (apparent Km for E2 = 0.3 microM, and Vmax = 31 pmol/mg protein/30 min), whereas peroxidatic activity had properties of low affinity and high capacity (apparent Km for E2 = 55 microM, Vmax = 666 pmol/mg protein/10 min). The requirement of peroxidatic activity for oxidizing co-substrate could be met by OHPs but not by H2O2. Peroxidatic CE formation could have special functional significance for physiological and pathological consequences of estrogen action since it generates 4-OH-CEs which are both effective catechols and potent, long-acting estrogens. Moreover, it could provide a link through co-oxygenation between estrogens and diverse cellular mechanisms involving generation of OHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Bui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
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