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Nicosia F, Spar MJ, A Steinman M, Brown RT. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERPROFESSIONAL INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL STATUS MEASUREMENT IN VA PRIMARY CARE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Nicosia
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - M J Spar
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; UCSF Division of Geriatrics, San Francisco, CA
| | - M A Steinman
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; UCSF Division of Geriatrics, San Francisco, CA
| | - R T Brown
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; UCSF Division of Geriatrics, San Francisco, CA
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Allen PH, Bloom AJ, Bragg R, Brown RT, Burgos A, Bushby N, Clarke ML, Dudin LF, Ellames GJ, Gee AD, Gouverneur V, Harding JR, Harrowven DC, Herbert JM, Hickey MJ, Husbands S, Jennings LE, Jones M, Kealey S, Killick D, Kingston LP, Kitson SL, Kohler A, Kostiuk SL, Le Strat F, Light ME, Lockley WJS, Long NJ, McNeill AH, Miller PW, Moody TS, Murrell VL, Nanson L, Pedersen MHF, Pinney KG, Plisson C, Schou S, Sharma RS, Shaw I, Sherhod R, Smith T, Sriram M, Tate J, Tredwell M, Twiddy S, Watters W, White AJP, Wilkinson DJ, Woodcock T. 19th international isotope society (UK group) symposium: synthesis & applications of labelled compounds 2010. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Aigbirhio FI, Allen P, Andersson S, Anton M, Barron D, Bloom AJ, Botting NP, Brandau W, Brichard L, Brown JA, Brown RT, Cable KM, Caffrey M, Carroll MA, Chaplin DJ, Coissard V, Cuyckens F, Demmer O, Dijkgraaf I, Dyke AM, Gill DM, Hall KA, Hester AJ, Hickey M, Irvine S, Janssen C, Kerr WJ, Kessler H, Kingston LP, Landreau C, Lawrie KWM, Lloyd-Jones G, Loaring H, Lockley WJS, Marshall LJ, Mo B, Moseley JD, Murrell VL, Nilsson GN, Oekonomopulos R, Pinney KG, Pleasance S, Raddatz S, Rees AT, Reid RG, Renny JS, Robert F, Rustidge D, Schumacher U, Schwaiger DM, Sharma S, Soloviev D, Spivey AC, Sriram M, Thijssen J, Tseng CC, Verluyten W, Viton F, Vliegen M, Weldon H, Wester HJ, Wilkinson DJ, Williams JMJ, Williamson G, Willis CL, Yan R. Abstracts of the 17th International Isotope Society (UK group) Symposium Synthesis and Applications of Labelled Compounds 2008. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Armstrong EAP, Brown RT, Sekwale MS, Fletcher NC, Gong XQ, Hu P. The Unexpected Preference for the fac-Isomer with the Tris(5-ester-substituted-2,2‘-bipyridine) Complexes of Ruthenium(II). Inorg Chem 2004; 43:1714-22. [PMID: 14989664 DOI: 10.1021/ic0350281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a number of new 2,2'-bipyridine ligands, functionalized with bulky ester side groups, is reported (L2-L8). Their reaction with [Ru(DMSO)(4)Cl(2)] gives rise to tris-chelate ruthenium(II) metal complexes which show an unusually high proportion of the fac-isomer, as judged by (1)H NMR following conversion to the ruthenium(II) complex of 2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (L1). The initial reaction appears to have thermodynamic control with the steric bulk of the ligands causing the third ligand to be labile under the reaction conditions used, giving rise to disappointing yields and allowing rearrangement to the more stable facial form. DFT studies indicate that this does not appear to be as a consequence of a metal centered electronic effect. The two isomers of [Ru(L1)(3)](PF(6))(2) were separated into the two individual forms using silica preparative plate chromatographic procedures, and the photophysical characteristics of the two forms compared. The results appear to indicate that there is no significant difference in both their room temperature electronic absorption and emission spectra or their excited state lifetimes at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A P Armstrong
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K. BT9 5AG
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Brown RT. Editorial: A General Approach to Publication in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology: From the Process of Preparing Your Manuscript to Revisions and Resubmissions. J Pediatr Psychol 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsh001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brown RT. Editorial: Honoring the Past and Celebrating the Future of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology. J Pediatr Psychol 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Smith AJ, Brown RT, Bunke V, Blount RL, Christophersen E. Psychosocial adjustment and peer competence of siblings of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2002; 5:165-77. [PMID: 11911009 DOI: 10.1177/108705470200500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary data examined the relationships between mothers, their sons with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and younger siblings. We hypothesized that the conflict between the mother and the son with ADHD would also occur in the relationship between the child with ADHD and the younger sibling. Significant associations were found among ADHD behaviors, family conflict variables, conflict in the relationship between mother and child with ADHD, conflict in the relationship between mother and younger sibling, and conflict in the relationship between the child with ADHD and the younger sibling. Further, significant associations were found between behavior symptoms associated with ADHD and more problematic family relationships. Of particular interest was the finding of an unexpected inverse association between siblings' peer competence and mother-ADHD conflict; specifically, that conflict occurring at home from ADHD accounted for a greater percentage of the variance in peer competence as rated by teachers. Recommendations are made for future research with larger samples, alternative designs, older siblings, and fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Smith
- Department of Health and Human Development, 218 Herrick Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3540, USA
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), a class of genetic disorders characterized by abnormal, sickled red blood cells, is a chronic illness that results in progressive cerebrovascular disease. Neurocognitive sequelae of clinically apparent cerebrovascular accidents in children with SCD are characterized by pervasive impairments, including decrements in general intellectual functioning, language and verbal abilities, visual-motor and visual-spatial processing, memory, academic achievement, and processing of subtle prosodic information. In contrast, subtle neurocognitive deficits in the areas of attention and concentration, executive function, and visual-motor speed and coordination appear to be associated with silent infarcts that are not necessarily detected on physical examination. Investigation of the disease course and associated neurocognitive sequelae suggest a disease-specific model of neuropsychological impairment. Recommendations are made for clinical and research efforts in the field of pediatric neuropsychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kral
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
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Abstract
Phrenic nerve paralysis due to iatrogenic injury is not uncommon in neonates. We report an unusual case of acquired unilateral paralysis of the diaphragm in a very-low-birth-weight infant, associated with a thrombus secondary to percutaneous subclavian vein catheterization. Conservative management resulted in complete resolution of the paralyzed diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A D'Netto
- Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
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Abstract
The authors examined the associations between parental variables and child syncope (fainting). Children ages 7 to 18 years undergoing tilt-table testing for neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) at a pediatric cardiac center served as participants (N = 56). Results revealed that fathers' shortness of breath and overall psychological distress were significantly related to syncope frequency and emergency room (ER) visits for girls. Mothers' overall psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and shortness of breath were associated with boys' frequency of syncope and ER visits. Fathers' psychological factors were highly correlated with syncope for the children diagnosed negative for NCS. The frequency of children's syncope was higher in stepfamilies than in homes with both biological parents, and the correlations between children's syncope and the stepfathers' psychological symptoms were greater than for the children and their biological fathers in intact families. The role of parental psychological factors on child syncope is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-3013, USA
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Abstract
We investigated predictors of affective responses for 125 parents (77 mothers, 48 fathers) of children with various types of cancer who varied in time of diagnosis from newly diagnosed to 13 years following cancer treatment. The primary rationale of the investigation was to determine whether cognitive appraisals, perceived social supports, and caregivers' perceptions of children's behavior would predict affective responses differentially for mothers and fathers. We defined affectivity as self-reported depressive symptoms, and state and trait anxiety symptoms. Parents did not differ on any of the variables, including affective responses, although differential predictors of affective responses were revealed for mothers and fathers. Affiliation-related attributions were associated with affective responses for mothers, and achievement-related attributions and perceived social support were associated with affective responses for fathers.
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Boni LC, Brown RT, Davis PC, Hsu L, Hopkins K. Social information processing and magnetic resonance imaging in children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2001; 26:309-19. [PMID: 11390573 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/26.5.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine social information processing, social skills, and adjustment difficulties in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) as rated by caregivers, teachers, and the children themselves. Children were classified in two groups: cerebral vascular accidents (CVA) (n = 21) or without central nervous system (CNS) pathology (n = 20) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both groups had HbSS SCD. We compared these two groups and a third group of 11 children who had a milder type of SCD (HbSC). METHODS Participants referred for evaluation of learning and behavior problems were administered MRIs to ascertain the presence of pathology and a series of measures designed to assess nonverbal emotional decoding abilities and ratings of social emotional functioning. RESULTS Children with CVA displayed more errors on tasks of facial and vocal emotional decoding than did comparison controls without CVA. CONCLUSIONS Acquired neurological impairments in children with SCD seemed to be associated with difficulties in the decoding of emotions of other children and adults. We recommend that future research integrate neuropsychological and psychosocial research programs for pediatric chronic illness groups.
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Abstract
A situational analysis of problematic situations was conducted for 37 caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who ranged in age from 5 to 13 years. Participants responded to a semistructured interview related to caring for a child with SCD. The interview included the domains of medication adherence, nutrition, minimizing and coping with pain episodes, social problems, academic difficulties, and children's expression of negative feelings related to having SCD. Caregivers described a total of 356 problems. Almost all caregivers reported experiencing problems with their children's nutrition (n = 35), minimizing pain episodes (n = 34), and their children expressing feelings about having SCD (n = 33). Moderately challenging and emotionally upsetting problems were reported for coping with pain episodes. The total number of problems was significantly higher for boys than for girls. Nutrition issues were more frequently reported for younger children. Findings have salient clinical implications for the care of children with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ievers-Landis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6038, USA
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Brown RT. Behavioral teratology/toxicology: how do we know what we know? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2001; 16:389-402. [PMID: 14590170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about human behavioral teratology/toxicology must necessarily be limited by the methods that can ethically be used. Research in the field is an enterprise calling for tolerance for uncertainty if not chaos. Among the main points of this paper are: (a) Kaufman's criticisms of research on low blood-lead level (BLL) and children's IQ are generally valid and apply to virtually all human natural-groups research; (b) Relative to some contexts, research on low BLL on children's IQ is exemplary; (c) Relative to other contexts, the conclusion that low BLL have linear effects is well supported; (d) Owing to necessary design limitations, all natural-groups studies have shortcomings; (e) Inference of causality is uncertain under any conditions; and (f) Some authors readily leap from molehills of data to mountains of causal conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
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Abstract
The authors evaluated education attainment and neuropsychological deficits in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and silent cerebral infarcts. Children with silent infarcts had twice the rate of school difficulties as children without infarcts. Eighty percent of silent infarct cases had clinically significant cognitive deficits, whereas 35% had deficits in academic skills. Children with silent cerebral infarcts show high rates of poor educational attainment, cognitive deficits, and frontal lobe injury. Poor school performance in SCD is one indicator of silent infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schatz
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
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Belar C, Brown RA, Hersch LE, Hornyak LM, Rozensky RH, Sheridan EP, Brown RT, Reed GW. Self-assessment in clinical health psychology: a model for ethical expansion of practice. Prof Psychol Res Pr 2001; 32:135-41. [PMID: 12449943 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7028.32.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Society expects autonomous professions to ensure the competency of it practitioners, and professions should facilitate the continuing education and training of its members. Given the shift from psychology as a mental health profession to that of a health profession, the authors propose a self-assessment model for the individual practitioner to gauge his or her readiness to provide professional service in expanded areas of practice. This model could also be useful to the American Psychological Association, state psychological associations, and other purveyors of continuing education programs in systematically developing postgraduate experiences. A template for self-assessment that reflects well-accepted core domains of knowledge and skills is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Belar
- Education Directorate, American Psychological Association, 750 First Street, Washington, DC 20002-4242.
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Brown RT, Freeman WS, Perrin JM, Stein MT, Amler RW, Feldman HM, Pierce K, Wolraich ML. Prevalence and assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary care settings. Pediatrics 2001; 107:E43. [PMID: 11230624 DOI: 10.1542/peds.107.3.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research literature relating to the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-occurring conditions in children from primary care settings and the general population is reviewed as the basis of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the assessment and diagnosis of ADHD. Epidemiologic studies revealed prevalence rates generally ranging from 4% to 12% in the general population of 6 to 12 year olds. Similar or slightly lower rates of ADHD were revealed in pediatric primary care settings. Other behavioral, emotional, and learning problems significantly co-occurred with ADHD. Also reviewed were rating scales and medical tests that could be employed in evaluating ADHD. The utility of using both parent- and teacher-completed rating scales that specifically assess symptoms of ADHD in the diagnostic process was supported. Recommendations were made regarding the assessment of children with suspected ADHD in the pediatric primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Brown RT, Lambert R, Devine D, Baldwin K, Casey R, Doepke K, Ievers CE, Hsu L, Buchanan I, Eckman J. Risk-resistance adaptation model for caregivers and their children with sickle cell syndromes. Ann Behav Med 2001; 22:158-69. [PMID: 10962709 DOI: 10.1007/bf02895780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation examined the risk-resistance adaptation model for children with sickle cell disease and their primary caregivers. Participants were 55 children, ranging in age from 5 to 16 years with a mean age of 9 years 2 months, diagnosed with sickle cell disease and their primary caregivers, recruited from a university medical center. Measures included adjustment (i.e. primary caregiver and child adjustment), risk factors (i.e. disease and disability, functional independence, and psychosocial stressors), resistance factors (i.e. intrapersonal health locus of control, social-ecological), and stress processing (coping). Primary caregivers' adjustment was associated with developmental coping, changeR2 = .08, and child adaptation was associated with an internal health locus of control, changeR2 = .22. An indirect effect of primary caregivers' coping on child adjustment was found through influence on primary caregivers' adjustment, changeR2 = .11. The findings support research among other chronically ill populations that suggests an association between coping and disease adjustment. The results were interpreted to support the use of theoretically driven models in predicting the adaptation of children with chronic illness and adjustment in their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Brown RT, Friedman SB. Treating the adolescent who might be "out of control". Pediatr Ann 2001; 30:81-5. [PMID: 11213519 DOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-20010201-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Section of Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Rawat R, Rainey GJ, Thompson CD, Frazier-Jessen MR, Brown RT, Nordan RP. Constitutive activation of STAT3 is associated with the acquisition of an interleukin 6-independent phenotype by murine plasmacytomas and hybridomas. Blood 2000; 96:3514-21. [PMID: 11071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), the major growth factor for myeloma cells, signals through the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins. An important step in the malignant progression of murine plasmacytomas is the transition from dependence on IL-6 to a state of IL-6 independence. To elucidate the mechanism whereby IL-6 independence occurs, intracellular signaling events elicited by IL-6 in both IL-6-dependent and -independent plasmacytomas and hybridomas were compared. It was found that STAT3, a key molecule involved in IL-6 signaling, was constitutively activated and phosphorylated in IL-6-independent cell lines compared to the IL-6-dependent cells. Further comparison of upstream signaling pathways revealed that JAK-1 was constitutively present in anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates of IL-6-independent cells; gp130 was constitutively phosphorylated in a subset of IL-6-independent plasmacytomas, whereas other IL-6-independent lines showed no detectable gp130 phosphorylation in the absence of exogenous IL-6. Secretion of a factor capable of supporting the growth of IL-6-dependent cells was observed in one of the IL-6-independent plasmacytomas, but not in others, making an autocrine mechanism an unlikely explanation for IL-6 independence. These findings provide evidence that the constitutive activation of STAT3, either in the absence of detectable receptor-proximal events or associated with the concomitant activation of gp130, can contribute to the process of IL-6 independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rawat
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and outcome of biopsy-proven allergic gastroenteropathy (AGE) in preterm infants. We hypothesized that AGE is a more frequent cause of gastrointestinal disease in this population than previously suspected. STUDY DESIGN The retrospective portion of the study, from 1992 to 1997, included preterm infants <37 weeks' gestation who underwent biopsy because of suspected AGE. The prospective portion, from January to December 1998, included 20 infants undergoing endoscopy and biopsy because of suspected AGE. RESULTS Twenty-five infants (12 retrospective/13 prospective) with mean gestational age of 29 weeks at birth and mean postnatal age at diagnosis of 78 days were diagnosed with AGE. Three clinical patterns of presentation were noted: group 1, gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 5); group 2, non-specific feeding intolerance (n = 8); and group 3, lower gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 12). Ten patients had negative biopsy findings (3 retrospective/7 prospective) and had clinical features indistinguishable from those of groups 1 and 2. Patients in group 3 were most likely to have positive biopsy findings (12 of 12). Fifteen patients responded to a casein hydrolysate formula, and 10 patients required an amino acid-based formula. Patients with AGE who had eosinophilic infiltration and villous atrophy took longer to recover than those with eosinophilic infiltration alone (P <.03). Subsequently, most have tolerated formula challenges and are currently tolerating cow's milk. CONCLUSIONS AGE may be an under-recognized cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in preterm infants. Confirmation with endoscopy and biopsy can be done safely and provides the basis for appropriate dietary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A D'Netto
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
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Brown RT, Davis PC, Lambert R, Hsu L, Hopkins K, Eckman J. Neurocognitive functioning and magnetic resonance imaging in children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2000; 25:503-13. [PMID: 11007807 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/25.7.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine neurocognitive functioning in children classified with overt cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs), silent infarcts, or without central nervous system (CNS) pathology on magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Participants were 63 children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD). RESULTS Children with overt CVAs and silent infarcts differed from their peers without CNS pathology on measures of attention and executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS We consider these deficits the result of the high frequency of frontal lobe deficits incurred by children with SCD. Recommendations include the use of tests designed to measure attention and executive functioning as a way of screening children with SCD for possible CNS pathology. We also suggest that future research examine the mechanism underlying frontal lobe involvement for individuals with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Abstract
Pelvic pain in adolescents is a common and frequently puzzling symptom with many possible causes. The patients who suffer from this symptom, by and large, have diagnosable and treatable causes. A sensible, studied, and progressive approach by a warm and accepting physician usually is the key to successful diagnosis and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Hewitt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, USA
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Byars KC, Brown RT, Campbell RM, Hobbs SA. Psychological adjustment and coping in a population of children with recurrent syncope. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2000; 21:189-97. [PMID: 10883879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The authors examined the association of psychological adjustment, styles of coping, and disease severity for children with recurrent syncope. Participants were 44 children and adolescents with a history of recurrent syncope and 40 healthy comparison control children. Dependent variables were measures of internalizing adjustment (e.g., anxiety, depression, withdrawal) reported by children and their parents and styles of coping reported by children. Parents reported higher frequencies of the internalizing of behavioral symptoms (i.e., anxiety, withdrawal) for children with recurrent syncope compared with their healthy counterparts. Children's self-reports did not reveal significant differences between the syncope and comparison groups in psychological adjustment and styles of coping. The authors conclude from these findings that adjustment difficulties, including symptoms of anxiety and social withdrawal, may occur with recurrent syncope. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Byars
- Georgia School of Professional Psychology, Atlanta, USA
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Fiel-Gan MD, Voytek TM, Weiss RG, Brown RT, Joshi VV. Castleman's disease of the left triceps in a child suspected to be a small round cell tumor of childhood. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2000; 3:286-9. [PMID: 10742418 DOI: 10.1007/s100249910038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Castleman's disease (CD) is histologically characterized by a proliferation of polyclonal small lymphocytes and plasma cells. The clinical presentation varies widely, but most commonly manifests as a solitary mediastinal mass, incidentally found on radiographic examination. We present a case of a 10-year-old girl who exhibited a left arm mass which, preoperatively and on frozen section, was diagnosed as a small round cell tumor of childhood (SRCT). This report emphasizes the unusual location of CD in the soft tissue and as a rare entity to be considered in the differential diagnosis of SRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Fiel-Gan
- Department of Pathology, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
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Abstract
The isolation of (+)-uleine (1) and (+)-demethoxyaspidospermine (2) from the bark of Plumeria lancifolia is reported along with (1)H- and (13)C-NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O França
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, 3400, Jardim Botânico, 80210-070 Curitiba, Brazil
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Madan-Swain A, Brown RT, Foster MA, Vega R, Byars K, Rodenberger W, Bell B, Lambert R. Identity in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. J Pediatr Psychol 2000; 25:105-15. [PMID: 10820948 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/25.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate identify formation among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. Family functioning, perceived emotional support from family and peers, life stress, and anxiety produced by the cancer experience also were examined as they influenced identity development. METHOD Participants were 52 adolescent survivors and their mothers recruited from a medical center and 42 healthy adolescent counterparts and their mothers recruited from the community. RESULTS A greater frequency of survivors than their healthy peers was found within the foreclosed identity status. Factors associated with the foreclosed identity status included the cancer diagnosis, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and family functioning characterized by greater levels of conflict. CONCLUSIONS Data were interpreted to suggest that the foreclosed identity status may serve a protective function in assisting survivors to cope with the stressors of the cancer experience.
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Abstract
Social skills and psychological adjustment for survivors of childhood cancer were investigated. Cancer survivors included 42 children and adolescents ranging in age at evaluation from 6 to 18 years with a mean age of 13.1 years. Measures included teacher and parent ratings of social skills and adjustment and parent ratings of family functioning. The findings showed that social skills and psychological adjustment as rated by both parents and teachers were primarily associated with academic functioning. In addition, family cohesiveness was found to account for nearly one third of the variance in survivors' adjustment when rated by teachers, and length of time off treatment accounted for a significant percentage of the variance in children's adjustment when rated by parents. The findings underscore the importance of a multi-informant approach to the assessment of psychological adjustment of pediatric cancer survivors and demonstrate the role of learning difficulties and family functioning in influencing social skills and adjustment for these children and adolescents.
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Brown RT. Adolescent sexuality at the dawn of the 21st century. Adolesc Med 2000; 11:19-34. [PMID: 10640336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Human sexuality can be defined as including the physical characteristics of and capacities for specific sex behaviors, together with psychosocial values, norms, attitudes, and learning processes that influence these behaviors. It also includes a sense of gender identity and related concepts, behaviors, and attitudes about the self and others as women or men in the context of one's society. At the dawn of the new century, adolescent sexuality remains a topic of concern to adults throughout the world. This concern is not unique to this new age. In each era of recorded history, adults have been concerned about adolescent sexual behavior, particularly sexual intercourse and its consequences. Things have not changed all that much in the realm of adolescent sexual behavior. What has changed is our ability to prevent the serious consequences of this behavior and, hopefully, to help adolescents avoid behaviors that put them at risk for the negative consequences of expressing their burgeoning sexuality. This article reviews the major influences on adolescents developing' sexuality, the data on adolescent sexual activity, some tips on caring for adolescents comprehensively, and ends with some predictions of how this issue will be addressed in the new century.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205-2696, USA
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Thompson CD, Frazier-Jessen MR, Rawat R, Nordan RP, Brown RT. Evaluation of methods for transient transfection of a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Biotechniques 1999; 27:824-6, 828-30, 832. [PMID: 10524325 DOI: 10.2144/99274rr05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage cell lines are fastidious cells commonly used in transient transfection experiments. In the course of a study of gene regulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we have compared several methods for DNA-mediated cell transfection to determine which would be optimally applicable to the macrophage line, RAW 264.7. Both the response level (LPS inducibility) and the degree of inter-assay variation were evaluated for each transfection technique. The following methods were compared: Lipofectin, LipofectAMINE, LipofectAMINE PLUS, SuperFect, Ca3(PO4)2 DNA co-precipitation, DEAE dextran-mediated transfection and electroporation. The transfected plasmid DNA included a luciferase reporter construct containing the junB minimal promoter under the control of an LPS-inducible 1300-bp regulatory fragment downstream of junB 5'-flanking sequence, as well as a beta-galactosidase reporter construct under the adenovirus promoter and enhancer used as an internal control. Electroporation, followed by a resting period of 16-24 h before stimulation with LPS, had the highest inducibility of all methods. DEAE dextran and Ca3(PO4)2 precipitation showed the least and the greatest inter-assay variation, respectively. For all other methods, inter-assay variability fell within this range. The results presented may serve as both a general reference and a guide for reporter gene studies in this or other macrophage cell lines.
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Brown RT, Sawyer MG, Antoniou G, Toogood I, Rice M. Longitudinal follow-up of the intellectual and academic functioning of children receiving central nervous system-prophylactic chemotherapy for leukemia: a four-year final report. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1999; 20:373-7. [PMID: 10533997 DOI: 10.1097/00004703-199910000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal investigation extends our prospective study of the intellectual and academic functioning of children treated for cancer to 4 years after diagnosis. In the longer term, the children who received central nervous system (CNS) chemotherapy experienced greater neurocognitive deficits, particularly in the area of academic achievement, than did the children who did not receive CNS chemotherapy. Specifically, the CNS chemotherapy-treated children scored lower on academic tests of reading at 3 and 4 years after diagnosis. The results suggest that CNS chemotherapy prophylaxis may adversely effect the development of higher-order mental abilities and cognitive skills during the late-effects period and may also impair academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
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Abstract
Stimulant medications have been used to manage the associated symptoms of ADHD including inattention, developmentally inappropriate levels of activity, distractibility, and impulsivity. To date, clinical trials clearly have established the efficacy of the stimulants on the core symptoms of ADHD and associated aggression. Although the stimulants improve classroom productivity and behavior, few data have demonstrated the effectiveness of the stimulants on academic achievement. Finally, there has been a paucity of data on the long-term efficacy and safety of stimulants. Recommendations are made for future research studies that examine the integration of stimulant medication with other psychosocial therapies, particularly behavior management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Bennett
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Ievers CE, Brown RT, Drotar D, Caplan D, Pishevar BS, Lambert RG. Knowledge of physician prescriptions and adherence to treatment among children with cystic fibrosis and their mothers. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1999; 20:335-43. [PMID: 10533992 DOI: 10.1097/00004703-199910000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined factors related to adherence to treatment regimens for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their mothers. Subjects were 45 children with CF who ranged in age from 6 to 10 years and their mothers. Findings revealed that children's and parents' reports of level of adherence were related to their knowledge of the specific details associated with medically prescribed treatments. In this sample, 12% to 32% of mothers did not have an accurate understanding of physician recommendations for their children's treatments. When controlling for individual differences in the prescribed treatment regimens, parents' and children's knowledge of what had been prescribed accounted for a significant portion of the variance in the children's reported treatment-related behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of implications for future intervention research aimed at enhancing adherence to treatment as well as for future directions for clinical efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ievers
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-6038, USA
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Hewitt G, Brown RT. Yes, male physicians should care for adolescent females. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 1999; 12:100-2. [PMID: 10326196 DOI: 10.1016/s1083-3188(00)86637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hewitt
- Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Cincinnati
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Abstract
Psychological evaluations were performed on two children with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Case histories are presented that describe the natural history of the disorder and its symptom patterns, some of which mirror psychiatric disorders of childhood. Psychological evaluation test scores for both boys are displayed in a table, and commonalities and differences are discussed. Findings are reviewed to expedite the referral process for a definitive diagnosis. Guidelines are provided regarding the differential diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy and other neurodegenerative disorders of childhood from the more prevalent disorders of behavior and learning that may present in a developmental clinic. Finally, recommendations for psychological interventions with the affected child and family members are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ievers
- Division of Behavioral Pediatrics and Psychology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-6038, USA
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Ievers CE, Brown RT, Lambert RG, Hsu L, Eckman JR. Family functioning and social support in the adaptation of caregivers of children with sickle cell syndromes. J Pediatr Psychol 1998; 23:377-88. [PMID: 9824926 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/23.6.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine moderating effects of family functioning and social support on the relationship of child-related stressors to caregivers' psychological adaptation in a sample of caregivers of children with a chronic illness. METHOD Participants were 67 caregivers of children and adolescents with sickle cell syndromes. We conducted MANOVAs and subsequent effect size calculations to determine if family functioning would buffer the effects of caring for difficult-to-manage children with this illness. RESULTS Findings supported a moderator effect of family functioning on the association of children's externalizing behavioral problems to caregivers' symptoms of hostility. Greater levels of cohesive and adaptive family functioning buffered the potential detrimental effects of caring for children perceived as hard to manage. No significant associations were obtained between measures of caregivers' psychological adaptation and the severity of their children's disease. CONCLUSIONS We make recommendations for family systems interventions, particularly for caregivers of children with behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ievers
- Emory University School of Medicine, USA
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Brown RT, Madan-Swain A, Walco GA, Cherrick I, Ievers CE, Conte PM, Vega R, Bell B, Lauer SJ. Cognitive and academic late effects among children previously treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving chemotherapy as CNS prophylaxis. J Pediatr Psychol 1998; 23:333-40. [PMID: 9782681 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/23.5.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine cognitive and academic late effects among children and adolescents who had received central nervous system (CNS) prophylactic chemotherapy alone for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); none had received whole brain radiation therapy (RT). METHOD Subjects included 47 children and adolescents from 5 to 22 years of age who were treated on the same protocol and had been off treatment from 2 to 7 years at the time of assessment. RESULTS As a group the survivors displayed generally average performance on measures of cognitive and academic abilities, although they differed from normative means on tests of nonverbal skills. Girls performed more poorly than the normative sample on nonverbal tasks, while no differences were found for boys. Age at diagnosis and time off treatment were not significantly associated with cognitive and academic functioning for survivors of this particular chemotherapy-only protocol. CONCLUSIONS Data were interpreted to support generally modest potential late effects in specific areas for children and adolescents surviving ALL. These findings suggest a need for monitoring nonverbal cognitive skills for childhood survivors of ALL, particularly for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Charleston 29425, USA.
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Davis CC, Brown RT, Bakeman R, Campbell R. Psychological adaptation and adjustment of mothers of children with congenital heart disease: stress, coping, and family functioning. J Pediatr Psychol 1998; 23:219-28. [PMID: 9718895 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/23.4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate support for the transactional stress and coping model for mothers of children with congenital heart defects, in accounting for the variance in maternal adjustment. METHODS Participants were 52 mothers of children recruited from a university medical center. Measures included illness variables, cognitive processes (i.e., appraisals of stress, expectations, methods of coping, family functioning, and maternal psychological adjustment). RESULTS Maternal adjustment was associated with high levels of daily stress and palliative coping techniques and was not significantly associated with severity of the cardiac defect. Together, the variables of the model accounted for approximately 38% of the variance in maternal adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The findings are in accord with previous research among other chronically ill populations in suggesting an association between stress, coping, and maternal adjustment. Within the limitations of the study, the data were interpreted to support the utility of theoretical models in identifying areas in need of intervention across chronic illness groups.
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Egan GJ, Brown RT, Goonan L, Goonan BT, Celano M. The Development of Decoding of Emotions in Children with Externalizing Behavioral Disturbances and Their Normally Developing Peers. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/13.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Egan GJ, Brown RT, Goonan L, Goonan BT, Celano M. The development of decoding of emotions in children with externalizing behavioral disturbances and their normally developing peers. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998; 13:383-96. [PMID: 14590616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation examined children's capacity to decode verbal and nonverbal emotional stimuli. Children with externalizing behavioral symptoms were compared to two types of controls, including chronically ill and normally developing children. Children were requested to identify whether video scenes were happy, angry, sad, or neutral, across four different modalities including verbal, prosody, facial, and combined. Findings were that chronological age was a significant predictor of children's ability to decode emotions with older children having better developed abilities than their younger peers. Verbal intelligence also was found to be a significant predictor of the ability to decode facial expressions and combined scenes. Although the data did not support the original hypotheses that children with externalizing behavior disorders would be less accurate than controls in the decoding of emotions, findings did support a developmental progression of decoding accuracy. Recommendations within the limitations of the study design are provided which support a developmental framework in children's acquisition of the decoding of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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45
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Abstract
This article details normal adolescent growth and development, including Tanner staging. Problems of abnormal adolescent growth and development are also discussed, along with treatment of short stature. Tables and graphs outlining these topics are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cronau
- Department of Family Medicine and Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
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46
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Abstract
Sexuality and its resultant consequences continue to be major issues for adolescents and for those who provide their health care. This article discusses current sexual behavior in adolescents and describes the various forms of hormonal contraception that sexually active adolescents should use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
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Abstract
Assessed the influence of children's attribution style, coping style, social competence, parent coping, and demographic variables on the psychosocial adjustment of 86 pediatric oncology patients. Utilizing hierarchical multiple regression procedures, nearly one half of the variance in child depression was predicted by children's avoidance coping, depressive attributional style, and social competence. Child anxiety was predicted by a depressive attributional style, avoidance coping, and age at diagnosis. Child externalizing behavior was predicted by a depressive attributional style, parents' anxiety and SES. Implications for interventions and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Frank
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Coles CD, Platzman KA, Raskind-Hood CL, Brown RT, Falek A, Smith IE. A comparison of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997; 21:150-61. [PMID: 9046388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral deficits are often noted in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure, including mental retardation, learning problems, social problems, and deficits in attention. Because attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been diagnosed so frequently in children with FAS and other alcohol related birth defects, there has been speculation that alcohol is an etiological factor in ADHD. To examine the relationship between behavior characteristics of children with fetal alcohol exposure and those seen in children with a diagnosis of ADHD, 149 low socioeconomic status (SES), African-American children (mean age = 7.63 years) were given a battery of neuropsychological and behavioral tests. One hundred and twenty-two were a sub-sample from a longitudinal study of prenatal alcohol exposure, whereas twenty-seven were identified in an ADHD Clinic. Children were given two sets of tests: (1) "traditional model" of conventional behavioral and psychiatric measures of ADHD and externalizing behavior; and (2) measures of neurocognitive functioning reflecting a four-factor model of the neurological basis of the components of attention (Mirsky AF, in Integrated Theory and Practice in Clinical Neuropsychology, Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989). Results indicated that children with the physical characteristics associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and those with a diagnosis of ADHD had equivalent intellectual abilities with both clinical groups performing more poorly than contrast children from the same SES and ethnic groups. However, there were clear distinctions on behavioral and neurocognitive measures between the two clinical groups with those with ADHD performing more poorly on conventional tests sensitive to attentional problems and conduct disorder. When these two groups were compared on measures designed to measure the model of the four factors of attention by Mirsky, they were noted to have distinct patterns of deficits. These results suggested that the alcohol-affected children did not have the same neurocognitive and behavioral characteristics as children with a primary diagnosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Coles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Brown RT. Adolescents with psychosomatic problems. Compr Ther 1996; 22:810-6. [PMID: 9030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Section of Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205-2696, USA
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Brown RT, Sawyer MB, Antoniou G, Toogood I, Rice M, Thompson N, Madan-Swain A. A 3-year follow-up of the intellectual and academic functioning of children receiving central nervous system prophylactic chemotherapy for leukemia. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1996; 17:392-8. [PMID: 8960568 DOI: 10.1097/00004703-199612000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study compared the intellectual and academic functioning of two groups of children treated for cancer over the 3 years after their diagnosis. One group consisted of children who received central nervous system (CNS) prophylactic chemotherapy, and the other group consisted of children with cancer who did not receive CNS chemotherapy. The results suggest that the children who received CNS chemotherapy experienced more adverse effects from their treatment in the area of academic functioning than the children who did not receive CNS chemotherapy. Although there were no differences in the academic functioning of the two groups of children immediately after their diagnosis, 3 years postdiagnosis, the CNS-treated children scored more poorly on academic tests of reading, spelling, and arithmetic than the non-CNS-treated children. The results suggest that CNS chemotherapy prophylaxis may impede academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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