1
|
Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Nace RA, Balakrishnan B, Zhang L, Packiriswamy N, Singh G, Warang P, Mena I, Narjari R, Vandergaast R, Peng KW, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Russell SJ. Surface-modified measles vaccines encoding oligomeric, prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins boost neutralizing antibody responses to Omicron and historical variants, independent of measles seropositivity. mBio 2024; 15:e0292823. [PMID: 38193729 PMCID: PMC10865805 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02928-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum titers of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) correlate well with protection from symptomatic COVID-19 but decay rapidly in the months following vaccination or infection. In contrast, measles-protective nAb titers are lifelong after measles vaccination, possibly due to persistence of the live-attenuated virus in lymphoid tissues. We, therefore, sought to generate a live recombinant measles vaccine capable of driving high SARS-CoV-2 nAb responses. Since previous clinical testing of a live measles vaccine encoding a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein resulted in suboptimal anti-spike antibody titers, our new vectors were designed to encode prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, trimerized via an inserted peptide domain, and displayed on a dodecahedral miniferritin scaffold. Additionally, to circumvent the blunting of vaccine efficacy by preformed anti-measles antibodies, we extensively modified the measles surface glycoproteins. Comprehensive in vivo mouse testing demonstrated the potent induction of high titer nAbs in measles-immune mice and confirmed the significant contributions to overall potency afforded by prefusion stabilization, trimerization, and miniferritin display of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. In animals primed and boosted with a measles virus (MeV) vaccine encoding the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike, high-titer nAb responses against ancestral virus strains were only weakly cross-reactive with the Omicron variant. However, in primed animals that were boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the Omicron BA.1 spike, antibody titers to both ancestral and Omicron strains were robustly elevated, and the passive transfer of serum from these animals protected K18-ACE2 mice from infection and morbidity after exposure to BA.1 and WA1/2020 strains. Our results demonstrate that by engineering the antigen, we can develop potent measles-based vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2.IMPORTANCEAlthough the live-attenuated measles virus (MeV) is one of the safest and most efficacious human vaccines, a measles-vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike failed to elicit neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in a phase-1 clinical trial, especially in measles-immune individuals. Here, we constructed a comprehensive panel of MeV-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates using a MeV with extensive modifications on the envelope glycoproteins (MeV-MR). We show that artificial trimerization of the spike is critical for the induction of nAbs and that their magnitude can be significantly augmented when the spike protein is synchronously fused to a dodecahedral scaffold. Furthermore, preexisting measles immunity did not abolish heterologous immunity elicited by our vector. Our results highlight the importance of antigen optimization in the development of spike-based COVID-19 vaccines and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Nace RA, Balakrishnan B, Zhang L, Packiriswamy N, Singh G, Warang P, Mena I, Narjari R, Vandergaast R, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Russell SJ. Surface-modified measles vaccines encoding oligomeric, fusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins bypass measles seropositivity, boosting neutralizing antibody responses to omicron and historical variants. bioRxiv 2022:2022.12.16.520799. [PMID: 36561187 PMCID: PMC9774211 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.16.520799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Serum titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAb) correlate well with protection from symptomatic COVID-19, but decay rapidly in the months following vaccination or infection. In contrast, measles-protective nAb titers are life-long after measles vaccination, possibly due to persistence of the live-attenuated virus in lymphoid tissues. We therefore sought to generate a live recombinant measles vaccine capable of driving high SARS-CoV-2 nAb responses. Since previous clinical testing of a live measles vaccine encoding a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein resulted in suboptimal anti-spike antibody titers, our new vectors were designed to encode prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, trimerized via an inserted peptide domain and displayed on a dodecahedral miniferritin scaffold. Additionally, to circumvent the blunting of vaccine efficacy by preformed anti-measles antibodies, we extensively modified the measles surface glycoproteins. Comprehensive in vivo mouse testing demonstrated potent induction of high titer nAb in measles-immune mice and confirmed the significant incremental contributions to overall potency afforded by prefusion stabilization, trimerization, and miniferritin-display of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, and vaccine resurfacing. In animals primed and boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike, high titer nAb responses against ancestral virus strains were only weakly cross-reactive with the omicron variant. However, in primed animals that were boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the omicron BA.1 spike, antibody titers to both ancestral and omicron strains were robustly elevated and the passive transfer of serum from these animals protected K18-ACE2 mice from infection and morbidity after exposure to BA.1 and WA1/2020 strains. Our results demonstrate that antigen engineering can enable the development of potent measles-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suryawanshi YR, Nace RA, Russell SJ, Schulze AJ. MicroRNA-detargeting proves more effective than leader gene deletion for improving safety of oncolytic Mengovirus in a nude mouse model. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 23:1-13. [PMID: 34589580 PMCID: PMC8455367 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual microRNA-detargeted oncolytic Mengovirus, vMC24NC, proved highly effective against a murine plasmacytoma in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model; however, there remains the concern of escape mutant development and the potential for toxicity in severely immunocompromised cancer patients when it is used as an oncolytic virus. Therefore, we sought to compare the safety and efficacy profiles of an attenuated Mengovirus containing a virulence gene deletion versus vMC24NC in an immunodeficient xenograft mouse model of human glioblastoma. A Mengovirus construct, vMC24ΔL, wherein the gene coding for the leader protein, a virulence factor, was deleted, was used for comparison. The vMC24ΔL induced significant levels of toxicity following treatment of subcutaneous human glioblastoma (U87-MG) xenografts as well as when injected intracranially in athymic nude mice, reducing the overall survival. The in vivo toxicity of vMC24ΔL was associated with viral replication in nervous and cardiac tissue. In contrast, microRNA-detargeted vMC24NC demonstrated excellent efficacy against U87-MG subcutaneous xenografts and improved overall survival significantly compared to that of control mice without toxicity. These results reinforce microRNA-detargeting as an effective strategy for ameliorating unwanted toxicities of oncolytic picornaviruses and substantiate vMC24NC as an ideal candidate for clinical development against certain cancers in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh R. Suryawanshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Autumn J. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1 Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gendron WAC, Rubin JD, Hansen MJ, Nace RA, Simone BW, Ekker SC, Barry MA. Unlocking loxP to Track Genome Editing In Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1204. [PMID: 34440379 PMCID: PMC8394901 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of CRISPR-associated proteins, such as Cas9, has led to increased accessibility and ease of use in genome editing. However, additional tools are needed to quantify and identify successful genome editing events in living animals. We developed a method to rapidly quantify and monitor gene editing activity non-invasively in living animals that also facilitates confocal microscopy and nucleotide level analyses. Here we report a new CRISPR "fingerprinting" approach to activating luciferase and fluorescent proteins in mice as a function of gene editing. This system is based on experience with our prior cre recombinase (cre)-detector system and is designed for Cas editors able to target loxP including gRNAs for SaCas9 and ErCas12a. These CRISPRs cut specifically within loxP, an approach that is a departure from previous gene editing in vivo activity detection techniques that targeted adjacent stop sequences. In this sensor paradigm, CRISPR activity was monitored non-invasively in living cre reporter mice (FVB.129S6(B6)-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(Luc)Kael/J and Gt(ROSA)26Sortm4(ACTB-tdTomato,-EGFP)Luo/J, which will be referred to as LSL-luciferase and mT/mG throughout the paper) after intramuscular or intravenous hydrodynamic plasmid injections, demonstrating utility in two diverse organ systems. The same genome-editing event was examined at the cellular level in specific tissues by confocal microscopy to determine the identity and frequency of successfully genome-edited cells. Further, SaCas9 induced targeted editing at efficiencies that were comparable to cre, demonstrating high effective delivery and activity in a whole animal. This work establishes genome editing tools and models to track CRISPR editing in vivo non-invasively and to fingerprint the identity of targeted cells. This approach also enables similar utility for any of the thousands of previously generated loxP animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A. C. Gendron
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (W.A.C.G.); (J.D.R.); (M.J.H.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (W.A.C.G.); (J.D.R.); (M.J.H.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Michael J. Hansen
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (W.A.C.G.); (J.D.R.); (M.J.H.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (W.A.C.G.); (J.D.R.); (M.J.H.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Brandon W. Simone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (B.W.S.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Stephen C. Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (B.W.S.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Nace RA, Zhang L, Russell SJ. Serotypic evolution of measles virus is constrained by multiple co-dominant B cell epitopes on its surface glycoproteins. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100225. [PMID: 33948566 PMCID: PMC8080110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
After centuries of pestilence and decades of global vaccination, measles virus (MeV) genotypes capable of evading vaccine-induced immunity have not emerged. Here, by systematically building mutations into the hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein of an attenuated measles virus strain and assaying for serum neutralization, we show that virus evolution is severely constrained by the existence of numerous co-dominant H glycoprotein antigenic sites, some critical for binding to the pathogenicity receptors SLAMF1 and nectin-4. We further demonstrate the existence in serum of protective neutralizing antibodies targeting co-dominant fusion (F) glycoprotein epitopes. Lack of a substantial reduction in serum neutralization of mutant measles viruses that retain even one of the co-dominant antigenic sites makes evolution of pathogenic measles viruses capable of escaping serum neutralization in vaccinated individuals extremely unlikely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Nace RA, Tischer A, Zhang L, Bah ES, Auton M, Russell SJ. MeV-Stealth: A CD46-specific oncolytic measles virus resistant to neutralization by measles-immune human serum. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009283. [PMID: 33534834 PMCID: PMC7886131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent overexpression of CD46 in malignant tumors has provided a basis to use vaccine-lineage measles virus (MeV) as an oncolytic virotherapy platform. However, widespread measles seropositivity limits the systemic deployment of oncolytic MeV for the treatment of metastatic neoplasia. Here, we report the development of MeV-Stealth, a modified vaccine MeV strain that exhibits oncolytic properties and escapes antimeasles antibodies in vivo. We engineered this virus using homologous envelope glycoproteins from the closely-related but serologically non-cross reactive canine distemper virus (CDV). By fusing a high-affinity CD46 specific single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) to the CDV-Hemagglutinin (H), ablating its tropism for human nectin-4 and modifying the CDV-Fusion (F) signal peptide we achieved efficient retargeting to CD46. A receptor binding affinity of ~20 nM was required to trigger CD46-dependent intercellular fusion at levels comparable to the original MeV H/F complex and to achieve similar antitumor efficacy in myeloma and ovarian tumor-bearing mice models. In mice passively immunized with measles-immune serum, treatment of ovarian tumors with MeV-Stealth significantly increased overall survival compared with treatment with vaccine-lineage MeV. Our results show that MeV-Stealth effectively targets and lyses CD46-expressing cancer cells in mouse models of ovarian cancer and myeloma, and evades inhibition by human measles-immune serum. MeV-Stealth could therefore represent a strong alternative to current oncolytic MeV strains for treatment of measles-immune cancer patients. Vaccine strains of the measles virus (MeV) have been shown to be promising anti-cancer agents because of the frequent overexpression of the host-cell receptor CD46 in human malignancies. However, anti-MeV antibodies in the human population severely restrict the use of MeV as an oncolytic agent. Here, we engineered a neutralization-resistant MeV vaccine, MeV-Stealth, by replacing its envelope glycoproteins with receptor-targeted glycoproteins from wild-type canine distemper virus. By fully-retargeting the new envelope to the receptor CD46, we found that in mouse models of ovarian cancer and myeloma MeV-Stealth displayed oncolytic properties similar to the parental MeV vaccine. Furthermore, we found that passive immunization with measles-immune human serum did not eliminate the oncolytic potency of the MeV-Stealth, whereas it did destroy the potency of the parental MeV strain. The virus we here report may be considered a suitable oncolytic agent for the treatment of MeV-immune patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MÁM-A); (SJR)
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eugene S. Bah
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthew Auton
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MÁM-A); (SJR)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bah ES, Nace RA, Peng KW, Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Russell SJ. Retargeted and Stealth-Modified Oncolytic Measles Viruses for Systemic Cancer Therapy in Measles Immune Patients. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2057-2067. [PMID: 32847970 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Measles viruses (MV) are rapidly inactivated by anti-measles neutralizing antibodies, which has limited their clinical performance as oncolytic agents. Here, by substituting the H and F surface glycoproteins of MV with those from the homologous canine distemper virus (CDV) and engineering the CDV H attachment protein to target EGFR or CD38, we generated a fully retargeted MV capable of resisting neutralization by measles-immune human serum. The resultant recombinant MVs encoding retargeted CDV envelope glycoproteins had similar growth kinetics as the control MV, showed the expected engineered receptor specificities for cell entry, intercellular fusion, and target cell killing, and were blind to native CDV receptors. In contrast to the control MV, recombinant MVs incorporating CDV F and H glycoproteins retained full infectivity when exposed to high concentrations of pooled measles-immune human serum. Comparing viruses bearing MV or CDV glycoproteins in the SKOV3ip.1 model, only the virus bearing an EGFR-retargeted CDV envelope glycoprotein complex was capable of limiting tumor growth and extending the survival in measles immune mice. MV, "stealthed" and retargeted using engineered CDV surface glycoproteins, may be a promising platform to advance for systemic cancer therapy in measles immune patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Bah
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca A Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Stephen J Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. .,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elsedawy NB, Nace RA, Russell SJ, Schulze AJ. Oncolytic Activity of Targeted Picornaviruses Formulated as Synthetic Infectious RNA. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 17:484-495. [PMID: 32529026 PMCID: PMC7276391 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infectious nucleic acid has been proposed as a superior formulation for oncolytic virus therapy. Oncolytic picornaviruses can be formulated as infectious RNA (iRNA), and their unwanted tropisms eliminated by microRNA (miRNA) detargeting. However, genomic insertion of miRNA target sequences into coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) iRNA compromised its specific infectivity, negating further development as a novel oncolytic virus formulation. To address this limitation, we substituted a muscle-specific miRNA response element for the spacer region downstream of the internal ribosomal entry site in the 5′ non-coding region of CVA21 iRNA, thereby preserving genome length while avoiding the disruption of known surrounding RNA structural elements. This new iRNA (R-CVA21) retained high specific infectivity, rapidly generating replicating miRNA-detargeted viruses following transfection in H1-HeLa cells. Further, in contrast with alternatively configured iRNAs that were tested in parallel, intratumoral administration of R-CVA21 generated a spreading oncolytic infection that was curative in treated animals without associated myotoxicity. Moreover, R-CVA21 also exhibited superior miRNA response element stability in vivo. This novel formulation is a promising agent for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura B Elsedawy
- Department of Molecule Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Rebecca A Nace
- Department of Molecule Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Department of Molecule Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Autumn J Schulze
- Department of Molecule Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eckert EC, Nace RA, Tonne JM, Evgin L, Vile RG, Russell SJ. Generation of a Tumor-Specific Chemokine Gradient Using Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding CXCL9. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 16:63-74. [PMID: 31930167 PMCID: PMC6951834 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an attractive agent for cancer treatment due to rapid intratumoral replication and observed clinical responses. Although VSV selectively kills malignant cells and can boost antitumor immunity, limited induction of intratumoral immune infiltration remains a barrier to efficacy in some cancer models. Here we engineered the oncolytic VSV platform to encode the T cell chemokine CXCL9, which is known to mediate the recruitment of activated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ T helper cells, and demonstrates conserved protein function between mice and humans. Chemotactic activity of the virally encoded chemokine was confirmed in vitro. Intratumoral concentration of CXCL9 was shown to increase after VSV therapy in three different cancer models, but to a much greater degree after VSV-CXCL9 therapy as compared with VSV control viruses. Despite a steep chemokine gradient from the tumor to the bloodstream, tumor trafficking of adoptively transferred and endogenous T cells was not measurably increased following VSV-CXCL9 therapy. Our results indicate that oncolytic VSV infection promotes release of CXCL9 in the tumor microenvironment, but further boosting of the functional chemokine gradient through virus engineering has little incremental impact on intratumoral immune cell infiltration in mouse and human tumor models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Eckert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Track, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rebecca A Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason M Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blackburn PR, Hickey RD, Nace RA, Giama NH, Kraft DL, Bordner AJ, Chaiteerakij R, McCormick JB, Radulovic M, Graham RP, Torbenson MS, Tortorelli S, Scott CR, Lindor NM, Milliner DS, Oglesbee D, Al-Qabandi W, Grompe M, Gavrilov DK, El-Youssef M, Clark KJ, Atwal PS, Roberts LR, Klee EW, Ekker SC. Silent Tyrosinemia Type I Without Elevated Tyrosine or Succinylacetone Associated with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1097-105. [PMID: 27397503 PMCID: PMC5108417 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type I (TYRSN1, TYR I) is caused by fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) deficiency and affects approximately one in 100,000 individuals worldwide. Pathogenic variants in FAH cause TYRSN1, which induces cirrhosis and can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TYRSN1 is characterized by the production of a pathognomonic metabolite, succinylacetone (SUAC) and is included in the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborns. Treatment intervention is effective if initiated within the first month of life. Here, we describe a family with three affected children who developed HCC secondary to idiopathic hepatosplenomegaly and cirrhosis during infancy. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense variant in FAH (Chr15(GRCh38):g.80162305A>G; NM_000137.2:c.424A > G; NP_000128.1:p.R142G). This novel variant involves the catalytic pocket of the enzyme, but does not result in increased SUAC or tyrosine, making the diagnosis of TYRSN1 problematic. Testing this novel variant using a rapid, in vivo somatic mouse model showed that this variant could not rescue FAH deficiency. In this case of atypical TYRSN1, we show how reliance on SUAC as a primary diagnostic test can be misleading in some patients with this disease. Augmentation of current screening for TYRSN1 with targeted sequencing of FAH is warranted in cases suggestive of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond D Hickey
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca A Nace
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nasra H Giama
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel L Kraft
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Pathumwan
| | | | - Maja Radulovic
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rondell P Graham
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Silvia Tortorelli
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C Ronald Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Dawn S Milliner
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wafa'a Al-Qabandi
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait, 24923 Safat, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Markus Grompe
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Science & Health University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Mounif El-Youssef
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karl J Clark
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paldeep S Atwal
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruiz AJ, Hadac EM, Nace RA, Russell SJ. 75. MicroRNA-Based Multi-Tissue Detargeted Mengovirus Therapy for Multiple Myeloma. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
12
|
Yarde DN, Naik S, Nace RA, Peng KW, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ. Meningeal myeloma deposits adversely impact the therapeutic index of an oncolytic VSV. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:616-21. [PMID: 24176894 PMCID: PMC3855306 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is neuropathogenic in rodents but can be attenuated 50-fold by engineering the mouse interferon-beta (IFN-β) gene into its genome. Intravenously administered VSVs encoding IFN-β have potent activity against subcutaneous tumors in the 5TGM1 mouse myeloma model, without attendant neurotoxicity. However, when 5TGM1 tumor cells were seeded intravenously, virus-treated mice with advanced myeloma developed clinical signs suggestive of meningoencephalitis. Co-administration of a known active antimyeloma agent did not prolong survival, further suggesting that deaths were due to viral toxicity, not tumor burden. Histological analysis revealed that systemically administered 5TGM1 cells seed to the CNS, forming meningeal tumor deposits, and that VSV infects and destroys these tumors. Death is presumably a consequence of meningeal damage and/or direct transmission of virus to adjacent neural tissue. In light of these studies, extreme caution is warranted in clinical testing of attenuated VSVs, particularly in patients with CNS tumor deposits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruthi Naik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yarde DN, Nace RA, Russell SJ. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus and bortezomib are antagonistic against myeloma cells in vitro but have additive anti-myeloma activity in vivo. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:1038-49. [PMID: 24067362 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma cells are highly sensitive to the oncolytic effects of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which specifically targets and kills cancer cells. Myeloma cells are also exquisitely sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of the clinically approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the combination of VSV and bortezomib would enhance tumor cell killing. However, as shown here, combining these two agents in vitro results in antagonism. We show that bortezomib inhibits VSV replication and spread. We found that bortezomib inhibits VSV-induced NF-κB activation and, using the NF-κB-specific inhibitor BMS-345541, that VSV requires NF-κB activity to spread efficiently in myeloma cells. In contrast to other cancer cell lines, viral titer is not recovered by BMS-345541 when myeloma cells are pretreated with interferon β. Thus, inhibiting NF-κB activity, either with bortezomib or BMS-345541, results in reduced VSV titers in myeloma cells in vitro. However, when VSV and bortezomib are combined in vivo in two syngeneic, immunocompetent myeloma models, the combination reduces tumor burden to a greater degree than VSV does as a single agent. Intratumoral VSV viral load is unchanged when mice are treated concomitantly with bortezomib compared to VSV treatment alone. To our knowledge, this report is the first to analyze the combination of VSV and bortezomib in vivo. Although antagonism between VSV and bortezomib is seen in vitro, analyzing these cells in the context of their host environment shows that bortezomib enhances VSV response, suggesting that this combination will also enhance response in myeloma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Yarde
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li H, Nakashima H, Decklever TD, Nace RA, Russell SJ. HSV-NIS, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 encoding human sodium iodide symporter for preclinical prostate cancer radiovirotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:478-85. [PMID: 23868101 PMCID: PMC3747331 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown that oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) can be safely administered to patients. However, virus replication in tumor tissue has generally not been monitored in these oHSV clinical trials, and the data suggest that its oncolytic potency needs to be improved. To facilitate noninvasive monitoring of the in vivo spread of an oHSV and to increase its antitumor efficacy, the gene coding for human sodium iodide symporter (NIS) was incorporated into a recombinant oHSV genome and the corresponding virus (oHSV-NIS) rescued in our laboratory. Our data demonstrate that a human prostate cancer cell line, LNCap, efficiently concentrates radioactive iodine after the cells have been infected in vitro or in vivo. In vivo replication of oHSV-NIS in tumors was noninvasively monitored by computed tomography/single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of the biodistribution of pertechnetate and was confirmed. LNCap xenografts in nude mice were eradicated by intratumoral administration of oHSV-NIS. Systemic administration of oHSV-NIS prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, and the therapeutic effect was further enhanced by administration of 131I after the intratumoral spread of the virus had peaked. oHSV-NIS has the potential to substantially enhance the outcomes of standard therapy for patients with prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Jong RH, Robles R, Corbin RW, Nace RA. Effect of inhalation anesthetics on monosynaptic and plysynpatic transmission in the spinal cord. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1968; 162:326-30. [PMID: 4299106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
16
|
|
17
|
|