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Dinato RC, Cruz R, Azevedo RA, Hasegawa JS, Silva RG, Ribeiro AP, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R. Footwear designed to enhance energy return improves running economy compared to a minimalist footwear: does it matter for running performance? Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10693. [PMID: 33729393 PMCID: PMC7959157 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of a footwear designed to enhance energy return (thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU) vs minimalist shoes on running economy (RE) and endurance performance. In this counterbalanced and crossover design study, 11 recreational male runners performed two submaximal constant-speed running tests and two 3-km time-trials with the two shoe models. Oxygen uptake was measured during submaximal constant-speed running tests in order to determine the RE at 12 km/h and oxygen cost of running (CTO2) at individual average speed sustained during the 3-km running time-trials wearing either of the two shoes. Our results revealed that RE was improved (2.4%) with TPU shoes compared with minimalist shoes (P=0.01). However, there was no significant difference for CTO2 (P=0.61) and running performance (P=0.52) comparing the TPU (710±60 s) and the minimalist (718±63 s) shoe models. These novel findings demonstrate that shoes with enhanced mechanical energy return (i.e. TPU) produced a lower energy cost of running at low (i.e., 12 km/h) but not at high speeds (i.e., average speed sustained during the 3-km running time-trial, ∼15 km/h), ultimately resulting in similar running performance compared to the minimalist shoe.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Dinato
- Grupo de Estudo em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Cruz
- Grupo de Estudo em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Centro de Desportos, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - R A Azevedo
- Grupo de Estudo em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - J S Hasegawa
- Grupo de Estudo em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R G Silva
- Grupo de Estudo em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A P Ribeiro
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laborátorio de Biomecânica e Reabilitação Musculoesquelética, Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudo em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Silva RG, Szabo J, Namboodiri V, Krishnan ER, Rodriguez J, Zeigler A. Evaluation of an environmentally sustainable UV-assisted water treatment system for the removal of Bacillus globigii spores in water. Water Sci Technol Water Supply 2018; 18:968-975. [PMID: 30505259 PMCID: PMC6260950 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2017.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of greener water treatment technologies is important for the production of safe drinking water and water security applications, such as decontamination. Chlorine assisted disinfection is common and economical, but can generate disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that may be of health concern. DBPs are formed due to the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic and inorganic substances in water. Currently, various innovative technologies are being developed as alternative approaches for preventing DBPs during water treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a novel combination of high efficiency flow filtration and UV disinfection treatment system for the removal of Bacillus globigii (B. globigii) spores in water. The filtration system consists of a charged membrane filter (CMF) that not only helps to remove suspended particles but also reduces the impact of other impurities including bio organisms. In order to get most performance details, the CMF was evaluated at clean, half-life, and end of life (EOL) conditions along with 100% UV transmittance (UVT). In addition, the effectiveness of the UV system was evaluated as a stand alone system at 100% and 70% EOL intensity. The study was conducted at the US EPA's Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, OH, using B. globigii, a surrogate for B. anthracis spores. This non-chemical environmentally-friendly CMF/UV combination system and the stand alone UV unit showed greater than 6.0 log removal of B. globigii during the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Silva
- APTIM, Test and Evaluation Facility, 1600 Gest Street, Cincinnati, OH 45204, USA
| | - J Szabo
- US EPA, National Homeland Security Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - V Namboodiri
- US EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E R Krishnan
- APTIM, Test and Evaluation Facility, 1600 Gest Street, Cincinnati, OH 45204, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- Aqua Treatment Service, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - A Zeigler
- Waterline Technology, Mansfield, OH, USA
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Reynolds AR, Hart IR, Watson AR, Welti JC, Silva RG, Robinson SD, Da Violante G, Gourlaouen M, Salih M, Jones MC, Jones DT, Saunders G, Kostourou V, Perron-Sierra F, Norman JC, Tucker GC, Hodivala-Dilke KM. Stimulation of tumor growth and angiogenesis by low concentrations of RGD-mimetic integrin inhibitors. Nat Med 2009; 15:392-400. [PMID: 19305413 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrin have entered clinical trials as antiangiogenic agents for cancer treatment but generally have been unsuccessful. Here we present in vivo evidence that low (nanomolar) concentrations of RGD-mimetic alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) inhibitors can paradoxically stimulate tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. We show that low concentrations of these inhibitors promote VEGF-mediated angiogenesis by altering alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 trafficking, thereby promoting endothelial cell migration to VEGF. The proangiogenic effects of low concentrations of RGD-mimetic integrin inhibitors could compromise their efficacy as anticancer agents and have major implications for the use of RGD-mimetic compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Angiogenesis Group, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Silva RG, Nunes JES, Canduri F, Borges JC, Gava LM, Moreno FB, Basso LA, Santos DS. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase: A Potential Target for the Development of Drugs to Treat T-Cell- and Apicomplexan Parasite-Mediated Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2007; 8:413-22. [PMID: 17348834 DOI: 10.2174/138945007780058997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of nucleosides and deoxynucleosides, generating ribose 1-phosphate and the purine base, which is an important step of purine catabolism pathway. The lack of such an activity in humans, owing to a genetic disorder, causes T-cell impairment, and thus drugs that inhibit human PNP activity have the potential of being utilized as modulators of the immunological system to treat leukemia, autoimmune diseases, and rejection in organ transplantation. Besides, the purine salvage pathway is the only possible way for apicomplexan parasites to obtain the building blocks for RNA and DNA synthesis, which makes PNP from these parasites an attractive target for drug development against diseases such as malaria. Hence, a number of research groups have made efforts to elucidate the mechanism of action of PNP based on structural and kinetic studies. It is conceivable that the mechanism may be different for PNPs from diverse sources, and influenced by the oligomeric state of the enzyme in solution. Furthermore, distinct transition state structures can make possible the rational design of specific inhibitors for human and apicomplexan enzymes. Here, we review the current status of these research efforts to elucidate the mechanism of PNP-catalyzed chemical reaction, focusing on the mammalian and Plamodium falciparum enzymes, targets for drug development against, respectively, T-Cell- and Apicomplexan parasites-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Heat transfer from skin surface to ambient water is probably the most important aspect of thermal balance in marine mammals, but the respective calculations depend on knowing the surface temperature (Ts), the direct measurement of which in free animals is very difficult. An indirect iterative method is proposed for Ts prediction in free cetaceans from deep body temperature, swimming speed, and temperature and thermodynamic properties of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Silva
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Silva RG, Cruz AJ, Hokka CO, Giordano RL, Giordano RC. A hybrid neural network algorithm for on-line state inference that accounts for differences in inoculum of Cephalosporium acremonium in fed-batch fermentors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2002; 91-93:341-52. [PMID: 11963863 DOI: 10.1385/abab:91-93:1-9:341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One serious difficulty in modeling a fermentative process is the forecasting of the duration of the lag phase. The usual approach to model biochemical reactors relies on first-principles, unstructured mathematical models. These models are not able to take into account changes in the process response caused by different incubation times or by repeated fedbatches. To overcome this problem, we have proposed a hybrid neural network algorithm. Feedforward neural networks were used to estimate rates of cell growth, substrate consumption, and product formation from on-line measurements during cephalosporin C production. These rates were included in the mass balance equations to estimate key process variables: concentrations of cells, substrate, and product. Data from fed-batch fermentation runs in a stirred aerated bioreactor employing the microorganism Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 48272 were used. On-line measurements strongly related to the mass and activity of the cells used. They include carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the exhausted gas. Good results were obtained using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- P G P Machado
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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De Marco F, Higa A, Silva R, Pestana J, Santos O. Crit Care 2002; 6:P208. [DOI: 10.1186/cc1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Although numerous studies have documented malocclusion in various ethnic groups in the United States, the prevalence of malocclusion in the Latino population is not well known. The Latino population may be the largest minority group in the United States by the year 2004. This study analyzes the occlusion of 507 Latino adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years. More than 93% of the subjects demonstrated some form of malocclusion. The distribution of malocclusion patterns is presented and contrasted with data published for other ethnic groups. Information about the prevalence and types of malocclusion in the Latino population should be of interest to general dental practitioners and specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Silva
- Dental Service, VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Pinotti LM, Silva AF, Silva RG, Giordano RL. Study of different media for production of penicillin G acylase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2000; 84-86:655-63. [PMID: 10849825 DOI: 10.1385/abab:84-86:1-9:655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several fermentation media were tested for the production of penicillin G acylase (PGA) using Bacillus megaterium. The carbon sources studied were glucose and lactose. The nitrogen sources studied were enzymatic casein hydrolysates produced with proteases of different specificities. The replacement of glucose with cheese whey and the addition of free amino acids in the PGA production were also tested. The results showed a strong correlation between the nitrogen source and enzyme yield and the presence of glucose repression. The highest enzyme concentration achieved was 138 IU/L using casein hydrolyzed with 0.6 L of Alcalase and cheese whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Pinotti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Actinomycosis is an uncommon entity, caused by an anaerobic bacterium, Actinomyces israelii, which is a component of the human oral and gastrointestinal flora. The cervicofacial region is the commonest site of disease, and the abdomen is the second commonest. In this situation the disease is almost always unifocal and restricted to the right colon, especially to the cecum. We report here the case of a patient with a very rare form of this entity, characterized by multiple foci of abdominal involvement with the most severe lesions localized in the transverse and sigmoid colon. The clinical presentation resembled a picture of colon perforation by cancer or diverticulitis, and the diagnosis was made by histopathologic examination of the lesions removed at surgery. No predisposing factor was found. The infection was successfully treated with a prolonged course of penicillin, after the surgical removal of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ferrari
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Guerisoli DM, de Souza RA, de Sousa Neto MD, Silva RG, Pécora JD. External and internal anatomy of third molars. Braz Dent J 1999; 9:91-4. [PMID: 10219121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The external and internal anatomy of 269 third molars (155 maxillary and 114 mandibular) were studied. The teeth were measured, classified according to their root number and shape and the internal anatomy was observed by the use of diaphanization. A great anatomical variability was found, with the presence of up to 5 roots in maxillary third molars and 3 roots in mandibular third molars. The number of root canals followed the same pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Guerisoli
- Disciplina de Endodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Vansan LP, Pécora JD, da Costa WF, Silva RG, Savioli RN. Comparative in vitro study of apically extruded material after four different root canal Instrumentation techniques. Braz Dent J 1998; 8:79-83. [PMID: 9590930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty newly extracted human upper central incisors were submitted to root canal instrumentation 1 mm from the apex using four different techniques: standard, step-preparation, crown-down, and ultrasound, with distilled and deionized water as the irrigating solution. The extrusion product was collected into a collecting device constructed for this purpose. Extrusion was calculated by the determination of the mass of extruded material. The step-preparation technique caused a larger amount of extrusion than the standard technique, which in turn caused greater extrusion than the crown-down and ultrasound techniques. All techniques used caused extrusion of material beyond the apical foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Vansan
- Disciplina de Endodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract
Central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) are jaw tumors of unknown origin that often exhibit an aggressive, though unpredictable, clinical course. The purpose of this study was to determine the immunoprofile of the mononuclear cells that seem to be responsible for the biologic behavior of these tumors. Numbers of cells in cell cycle were also determined and compared in clinically aggressive and non-aggressive CGCGs. Sixteen aggressive and 12 non-aggressive CGCGs were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to CD34, CD68, factor XIIIa, alpha-smooth muscle actin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, Ki-67, and p53 protein. Cell populations and numbers of cells in cell cycle were determined through microscopic quantitative assessment. CD34-positive cells were limited to support vessels. CD68-positive mononuclear cells constituted a small population of cells in all tumors. With two exceptions, factor XIIIa-positive cells were rarely seen. Alpha-smooth muscle actin staining was present in approximately half the tumors, and occasionally large numbers of positive cells were seen. Most mononuclear cells were positive for fibroblast-associated antigen. No phenotypic differences were detected between aggressive and non-aggressive tumors. P53 protein did not appear to be overexpressed in CGCGs. Ki-67 staining showed that only mononuclear cells were in cell cycle, and that there were no differences between aggressive and non-aggressive tumors. We conclude that CGCGs are primarily fibroblastic (and myofibroblastic) tumors in which macrophages appear to play a secondary role. Tumor cells show no differentiation toward endothelial cells or macrophage-related dendrocytes (factor XIIIa). Cellular phenotypes and numbers of cells in cell cycle are similar in both aggressive and non-aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Malley
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0424, USA
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Pinheiro Júnior EC, Fidel RA, da Cruz Filho AM, Silva RG, Pécora JD. In vitro action of various carbamide peroxide gel bleaching agents on the microhardness of human enamel. Braz Dent J 1996; 7:75-9. [PMID: 9206357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors verified a decrease in human enamel microhardness after application of the following carbamide peroxide gel bleaching agents for 8 hours daily for 1 week: 10% Nite White, 16% Nite White, Opalescence, Karisma Alpha and Perfect Smile. Statistical analysis showed that these agents caused a decrease in enamel microhardness. Nite White (16%) was the most effective in reducing enamel microhardness and Opalescente the least effective. Nite White (10%), Karisma Alpha and Perfect Smile fell into a statistically intermediate position.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Pinheiro Júnior
- Disciplina de Endodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
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Silva RG, Vansan LP, Pécora JD, da Costa WF. [Absorption capacity of different brands of paper points]. Rev Odontol Univ Sao Paulo 1989; 3:354-6. [PMID: 2639457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The absorption ability of paper points of different brands was assessed "in vitro". All points showed absorbing ability higher than 100 per center their own weight, but differences in moistening rate were detected among brands.
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Pécora JD, Silva RG, Vansan LP, Costa WF. ["In vitro" evaluation of number and time of permanence of absorbent paper points, and the effect of final aspiration on root canal drying]. Rev Odontol Univ Sao Paulo 1988; 2:81-5. [PMID: 3273728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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