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MRI IN UNEXPLAINED MONONEUROPATHY. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2000.22-39.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Preliminary investigations into possible resistance to oxytetracycline in Melissococcus plutonius, a pathogen of honeybee larvae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:20-4. [PMID: 12485336 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the occurrence of oxytetracycline (OTC) resistance in Melissococcus plutonius, which causes European foulbrood in honeybee colonies. METHODS AND RESULTS Strains of M. plutonius were isolated from diseased colonies in England and Wales and tested for resistance to OTC. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of OTC was also determined for selected isolates. No resistance to the antibiotic was found in any isolate and the average MIC was found to be 3.9 microg ml-1. Melissococcus plutonius was found to be susceptible to both chlortetracycline and tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS No resistance to OTC was found in M. plutonius. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated that OTC can continue to be used to treat European foulbrood and that resistance may not explain why some treatments fail.
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Abstract
Intrapulmonary veins (PVs) contribute to pulmonary vascular resistance, but the mechanisms controlling PV tone are poorly understood. Although smooth muscle cell (SMC) K+ channels regulate tone in most vascular beds, their role in PV tone is unknown. We show that voltage-gated (KV) and inward rectifier (Kir) K+ channels control resting PV tone in the rat. PVs have a coaxial structure, with layers of cardiomyocytes (CMs) arrayed externally around a subendothelial layer of typical SMCs, thus forming spinchterlike structures. PVCMs have both an inward current, inhibited by low-dose Ba2+, and an outward current, inhibited by 4-aminopyridine. In contrast, PVSMCs lack inward currents, and their outward current is inhibited by tetraethylammonium (5 mM) and 4-aminopyridine. Several KV, Kir, and large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+channels are present in PVs. Immunohistochemistry showed that Kir channels are present in PVCMs and PV endothelial cells but not in PVSMCs. We conclude that K+ channels are present and functionally important in rat PVs. PVCMs form sphincters rich in Kir channels, which may modulate venous return both physiologically and in disease states including pulmonary edema.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Barium/pharmacology
- Cell Separation
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Glyburide/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Potassium Channel Blockers
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- Pulmonary Veins/cytology
- Pulmonary Veins/metabolism
- Pulmonary Veins/ultrastructure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tetraethylammonium/pharmacology
- Vascular Resistance/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
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MRI IN UNEXPLAINED MONONEUROPATHY. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2000.00022-39.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The rapid response to hypoxia in the pulmonary artery (PA), carotid body, and ductus arteriosus is partially mediated by O2-responsive K+ channels. K+ channels in PA smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are inhibited by hypoxia, causing membrane depolarization, increased cytosolic calcium, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We hypothesize that the K+ channels are not themselves "O2 sensors" but rather respond to the reduced redox state created by hypoxic inhibition of candidate O2 sensors (NADPH oxidase or the mitochondrial electron transport chain). Both pathways shuttle electrons from donors, down a redox gradient, to O2. Hypoxia inhibits these pathways, decreasing radical production and causing cytosolic accumulation of unused, reduced, freely diffusible electron donors. PASMC K+ channels are redox responsive, opening when oxidized and closing when reduced. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium) and mitochondrial complex 1 (rotenone) both inhibit PASMC whole-cell K+ current but lack the specificity to identify the O2-sensor pathway. We used mice lacking the gp91 subunit of NADPH oxidase [chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) mice] to assess the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase is a PA O2-sensor. In wild-type lungs, gp91 phox and p22 phox subunits are present (relative expression: macrophages > airways and veins > PASMCs). Deletion of gp91 phox did not alter p22 phox expression but severely inhibited activated O2 species production. Nonetheless, hypoxia caused identical inhibition of whole-cell K+ current (in PASMCs) and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (in isolated lungs) from CGD vs. wild-type mice. Rotenone vasoconstriction was preserved in CGD mice, consistent with a role for the mitochondrial electron transport chain in O2 sensing. NADPH oxidase, though a major source of lung radical production, is not the pulmonary vascular O2 sensor in mice.
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Long-term efficacy with fluvastatin as monotherapy and combined with cholestyramine (a 156-week multicenter study). French-Dutch Fluvastatin Study Group. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:41A-46A. [PMID: 7604796 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(05)80015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluvastatin monotherapy up to 40 mg/day over 52 weeks in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia decreased plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 28%, with varying decreases in plasma triglycerides and increases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Patients completing the 52-week study participated in a further trial to assess whether the efficacy of fluvastatin (20-40 mg/day), either as monotherapy or in combination with cholestyramine (CME; 4-16 g/day), taken at least 4 hours prior to fluvastatin, is sustained for up to 3 years. Patients were assessed every 12 weeks on average for safety and efficacy, the latter being calculated as a percent change from baseline of lipids or lipoproteins. During the second year (endpoint up to week 104), 147 patients received monotherapy (estimated mean dose, 30.2 mg/day) and 127 received additional CME (38.1 mg/day fluvastatin plus 10.1 g/day CME). During the third year (endpoint up to week 156), 140 patients received monotherapy (32.5 mg/day) and 67 received additional CME (39.3 mg/day fluvastatin plus 10.3 mg/day CME). Statistically significant reductions in mean total cholesterol and LDL-C and increases in mean HDL-C were achieved in both treatment groups and maintained throughout the study. A significant reduction in triglyceride levels was only observed at the second year endpoint in patients receiving monotherapy (-10.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Hormone specific regulation of natural killer cells by cortisol. Direct inactivation of the cytotoxic function of cloned human NK cells without an effect on cellular proliferation. FEBS Lett 1991; 285:108-10. [PMID: 2065773 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80736-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids have previously been reported to partially inhibit the natural cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, since only a few percent of peripheral lymphocytes are natural killer (NK) cells, it has not been possible to determine whether corticosteroids directly inhibit NK cells or mediate this effect via other cell types. This report documents direct functional inactivation, but unimpeded proliferation, of cloned human NK cells by subphysiologic levels of cortisol. In contrast, high concentrations of testosterone, progesterone or estradiol had no significant effect on proliferation or cytotoxic activity of the cloned NK cells. The kinetics of inhibition of NK function by cortisol are consistent with a transcription-dependent mechanism.
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Quantification of effector/target conjugation involving natural killer (NK) or lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells by two-color flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 1991; 139:281-92. [PMID: 2045664 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90199-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Precise estimates of the frequency of NK- and LAK-target conjugates were obtained by two-color flow cytometry using hydroethidine and calcein as intracellular labels for target cells and effector cells, respectively. These two dyes can easily be used with a standard single-laser flow cytometer with excellent signal separation and dye retention. Hydroethidine labeling did not alter target susceptibility, and calcein labeling did not significantly alter NK function. Excellent agreement was obtained between this flow cytometric method and visual estimation of the frequency of fresh or IL-2-activated human lymphocytes that form conjugates with K-562 target cells. The percentage of cloned NK or LAK cells that form conjugates with K-562 target cells was dependent on the E:T ratio, with extrapolated maximum conjugate frequencies (alpha max) of 40-50%. However, the frequency of lymphocytes forming conjugates with K-562 cells did not closely correlate with the cytolytic activity of a given lymphocyte population. This two color flow cytometric method employing a pair of fluorochromes that do not modify cell membranes or alter cell function in cytotoxicity assays should facilitate further studies of mechanisms involved in the initial stages of target cell recognition by NK and LAK cells.
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Characterization of effector-target conjugates for cloned human natural killer and human lymphokine activated killer cells by flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY 1991; 12:666-76. [PMID: 1782834 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present studies demonstrate that the intracellular fluorochromes calcein and hydroethidine can be used for quantification of effector-target conjugates involving cloned human natural killer (NK) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated human lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells by dual color flow cytometry without potential artifacts that might result from extensive modification of effector and/or target cell membranes. Cloned NK cells and LAK cells form conjugates with cultured cell lines regardless of susceptibility to lysis. The strength of the interactions in these conjugates was investigated using a variable speed vortexer. Even relatively gentle vortexing disrupted most conjugates involving fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) but only about one-fourth of conjugates between K-562 cells and human PBL that had been cultured with or without IL-2 by this treatment. The rate of conjugate formation for LAK cells was determined to be about 3 times faster than for cloned NK cells, and both rates are considerably faster than the reported rate of formation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) target conjugates. The differences in the rate of conjugate formation are apparently not related to target cell specificity, since LAK cells form conjugates with susceptible and resistant cell lines at comparable rates. When effector-target conjugates are incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of calcium--thereby precluding lysis--the percentage of conjugated LAK or cloned NK cells decreases logarithmically with time. These results suggest that an initial equilibrium between free and conjugated lymphocytes gradually shifts in favor of unconjugated cells.
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A multicenter evaluation of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of isradipine in the treatment of essential hypertension. Am J Med 1989; 86:98-102. [PMID: 2523665 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(89)90201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Six hundred outpatients aged between 22 and 84 years with essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure of at least 95 mm Hg) entered a multinational, multicenter, single-blind trial with dose titration to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of isradipine in doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg twice daily over 12 weeks, following a two-week placebo run-in period. Isradipine alone was taken by 321 patients, the remainder receiving, in addition, other antihypertensive drugs. In valid patients receiving monotherapy, the mean final isradipine dose was 3.4 mg (median, 2.5 mg) twice daily, which normalized supine diastolic blood pressure in 85 percent and 64 percent of patients two to four hours and 10 to 14 hours post-dose, respectively. Overall, 242 patients (40 percent) reported adverse events, 39 (7 percent) of whom withdrew from the study for this reason. The most common side effects were flushing (11 percent), headache (10 percent), and localized edema (4 percent). None of the pathologic changes in hematologic or biochemical values was attributable to isradipine. It is concluded that a slow titration of isradipine by increments at three-week intervals results in an effective and well-tolerated treatment for essential hypertension, both in mono- and combination therapy.
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NCNIP's system of the future: a call for accountability, revenue control, and national data sets: National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project. Nurs Adm Q 1989; 14:72-7. [PMID: 2586848 DOI: 10.1097/00006216-198901410-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
The usefulness of non-contrast CT, limited to the upper abdomen, in conjunction with conventional IV contrast-enhanced scanning was studied prospectively in 190 patients who had sustained blunt abdominal trauma. In 78, visceral injuries were confirmed at surgery or at follow-up CT. Of the patients with injuries, 14 (18%) had hyperdense hematomas on the non-contrast studies that became isodense after IV administration of contrast material. These hematomas generally were small and posed an immediate threat to life in only one patient (0.5% of all subjects). In 13% of patients with injury (5% of the total), the additional information did influence treatment planning (surgery in two and intensive conservative treatment in eight). Compared with conventional contrast scanning, the combined non-contrast-contrast technique increased the scanning time only by about 5 1/2 min, but it improved the sensitivity and accuracy of CT in detecting visceral injuries from 74% and 84% to 92% and 91%, respectively (p less than or equal to .003 and p less than or equal to .04). Although contrast-enhanced scanning alone accurately depicts visceral injuries requiring surgical treatment, the incorporation of a non-contrast sequence can detect a subgroup of patients who require intensive conservative management with bed rest and close observation. This additional information can be obtained expeditiously, with minimal additional effort or intervention. The use of non-contrast scanning alone is not recommended.
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Nurse wastage. Waste not, want not. NURSING TIMES 1987; 83:24-7. [PMID: 3649758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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A network for safe staffing. NURSING TIMES 1986; 82:58-60. [PMID: 3634398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nursing by numbers. NURSING TIMES 1986; 82:40-2. [PMID: 3634374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Making information easy to use. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE 1982; 9:34-7. [PMID: 10278156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Haemodynamic differences in untreated hypertension and hypertension treated with various beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 13:279S-283S. [PMID: 6125177 PMCID: PMC1402129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1 As a rule, hypertension progresses from an early stage with a high cardiac output (CO) and an inappropriately normal total peripheral resistance (TPR) to later stages with a normal or decreased CO and a high TPR. 2 Low CO and high TPR can be considered detrimental to the blood perfusion in the tissues and organs and thus to their functional and structural integrity. 3 Among beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, some lower blood pressure by reducing CO, thus bringing about a reactive increase in TPR. The result is that, even though blood pressure is reduced, the haemodynamic conditions commanding regional blood flow are qualitatively similar to those in untreated hypertension. To what extent these circumstances may curtail the benefit expected from blood-pressure reduction deserves careful investigation. 4 Pindolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with an appropriate degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), lowers blood pressure while lowering TPR and not unduly reducing cardiac performance. These features should on theoretical grounds lead to a greater improvement in the prognosis of hypertension.
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[Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta-blockers]. LA NOUVELLE PRESSE MEDICALE 1978; 7:2707-9. [PMID: 30947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pharmacological actions of the antihypertensive agent N-amidino-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide hydrochloride (BS 100-141). ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1975; 25:1483-91. [PMID: 1243025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological properties characterizing N-amidino-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide hydrochloride (BS 100-141) as a centrally acting antihypertensive agent are described. Its action resembles that of clonidine in many respects but with important differences which are discussed. In DOCA-NaCl--hypertensive conscious rats, BS 100-141 lowers systemic blood pressure with oral doses of 0.3-5 mg/kg. Evidence for a central site of action is provided by the following findings. Infusion of BS 100-141 into the vertebral artery of anaesthetized dogs reduces blood pressure, the same dose being ineffective by i.v. route. Injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle of anaesthetized cats causes a marked reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, the same dose being ineffective when given i.v. The effects of intraventricular injection are inhibited by phentolamine administered by the same route. Intravenous administration of BS 100-141 induces dose-dependent reductions in the splanchnic (sympathetic) nerve activity in the cat. BS 100-141 reduces noradrenaline turnover in the brain stem of the rat as a result of central alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation. Doses which are effective in the hypertensive rat do not reduce dopamine turnover in the corpus striatum. The peripheral, direct alpha-sympathomimetic action of BS 100-141 was demonstrated by the transient increases in blood pressure observed in rats. These increases were unaffected by pretreatment with reserpine, but were antagonized by phentolamine. BS 100-141 was shown to induce contractions of isolated veins and arteries which were competitively inhibited by phentolamine. It stimulates presynaptic cardiac sympathetic alpha-adrenoceptors, thus inhibiting transmitter release to the heart. The sedative effects of BS 100-141 observed in dogs were slight compared to those of clonidine.
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Abstract
Experiments were designed to ascertain and compare the effects of acetyl salicylate and actinomycin D on RNA synthesis in mouse oocytes in vitro and in vivo. After exposure to the drugs the effects on RNA synthesis were measured by incorporation of [3H]uridine and autoradiography. The results indicate that acetyl salicylate inhibits RNA synthesis in the treated oocytes as does actinomycin D. The only difference in the effects of these two drugs is that salicylate inhibits RNA synthesis to a much lesser degree than does actinomycin D. Effects from a short exposure to salicylate may be reversible; the same effects with actinomycin D cannot be reversed. In utero exposure of the female fetus may lead to partial or total sterility (depending on the dose and time of exposure) of that fetus and/or abnormal development of the progeny from those mice (F2). These results suggest that RNA synthesis in early oogenesis is a vital part of later development of the oocytes in adult mouse ovary. Inhibition of RNA may be one of the causes of malformations and sterility.
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The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on 14C-sodium acetate incorporation by human leukocytes. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 1974; 10:1560-1. [PMID: 4443231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Proceedings: A quantitative assessment of the effects of clonidine on pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerve activity in the cat. Br J Pharmacol 1974; 50:456P-457P. [PMID: 4853791 PMCID: PMC1776653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Abstract
SummaryAn investigation was made into the effect of subclinical mastitis on the accuracy of the Amido Black method for measuring the crude-protein percentage of the milk of individual cows. Values obtained by the dye-binding and Kjeldahl methods on a sample of milk from each quarter of 46 cows, 11 of which were sampled at regular intervals during lactation, were compared. It was concluded that, even in cases of severe subclinical mastitis, the effect is so small as to constitute no objection to the use of the dye-binding method. The accuracy of the Amido Black method, irrespective of disease, was less in milk produced in the first and last months of lactation.
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Hypnotic activity of centrally--administered barbiturate and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Eur J Pharmacol 1970; 13:23-9. [PMID: 5496923 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(70)90176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
Hyperthyroid mice exhibit only transient low-level tremor and hypothermia in response to tremorine and oxotremorine, yet the peripheral effects of these two agents are similar in intensity and duration to those elicited in control animals. These findings support the theory that tremor and hypothermia are both central effects and separate from the peripheral muscarinic actions of tremorine and oxotremorine. Of several possible explanations for the reduction in tremor and hypothermia, the most likely appears to be a potentiation of central adrenergic mechanisms in the hyperthyroid mice.
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Vestibular experiments in Gemini flights V and VII. AEROSPACE MEDICINE 1967; 38:360-70. [PMID: 6033679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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SUBJECT:BRITISH AND CONTINENTAL DAIRYING. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 1962. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.1962.tb00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35—THE FLOW OF STARCH PASTES. (iii) THE EFFECT OF SOAPS AND OTHER ELECTROLYTES ON THE APPARENT VISCOSITY OF HOT STARCH PASTES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1933. [DOI: 10.1080/19447023308661604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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