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Hogard S, Pearce R, Yetka K, Gonzalez R, Bott C. Virus inactivation in low ozone exposure water reuse applications. Water Res 2024; 256:121536. [PMID: 38631238 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In drinking water applications, an ozone exposure (Ct) based framework has been historically used to validate ozone disinfection. However, significant viral inactivation can be achieved with little to no measurable ozone exposure. Additionally, ozone exposure depends on multiple water quality variables as well as the calculation/ozone measurement method used. In this study, we evaluated alternative ozone monitoring frameworks as well as the impact of water quality variables on ozone decay kinetics and virus/coliform inactivation. Here we show that both change in UV254 absorbance and applied O3:TOC were well correlated with viral inactivation and these frameworks were resilient to changes in water quality. Both increasing temperature (12-30 ⁰C) and pH (5.5-8.4) was shown to significantly increase the ozone decay rate and decreased the resulting ozone exposure by as much as ∼90% in the case of pH. However, due to the increased reaction rate of ozone with viruses at elevated temperature and pH, there was only a minor impact (∼20% in the case of pH) in overall disinfection performance for a given O3:TOC. These frameworks were also considered for variable source water with TOC (5-11 mg/L) and TSS (1.2-5.8 mg/L). Change in UV254 absorbance or applied ozone dose (mg/L) were the strongest indicators of disinfection performance for source waters of variable TOC, however site-specific testing may be needed to apply this framework. Challenge testing with influent nitrite indicated that ozone disinfection performance is significantly impacted (>50% reduction in inactivation) in the presence of nitrite thus enforcing the importance of accounting for this value in the applied ozone dose. Multi-point ozone dissolution was investigated as an alternative ozone application method that may present a benefit with respect to overall disinfection performance especially if nitrite was present. Developing and validating these alternative monitoring frameworks and ozone application methods is imperative in water reuse applications where unnecessary elevated ozone exposure may lead to harmful byproduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hogard
- Trussell Technologies, 4350 Executive Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Robert Pearce
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, PO Box 5911, Virginia Beach, VA 23471-0911, USA
| | - Kathleen Yetka
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- H2O Molecular, 5752 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, PO Box 5911, Virginia Beach, VA 23471-0911, USA
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2
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Niles E, Haase DJ, Tran Q, Gerding JA, Esposito E, Dahi S, Galvagno SM, Boswell K, Rector R, Pearce R, Abdel-Wahab M, Singh A, Pirzada S, Tabatabai A, Powell EK. Triage of V-V ECMO referrals for COVID-19 respiratory failure. Artif Organs 2024; 48:665-674. [PMID: 38551363 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the pandemic progressed, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome increased, and patient triage and transfer to ECMO centers became important to optimize patient outcomes. Our objectives are to identify predictors of patient transfer for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) evaluation as well as to describe the outcomes of accepted patients. METHODS This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of V-V ECMO transfer requests for adult patients with known or suspected COVID-19 and respiratory failure from March 2020 until March 2021. Data were collected prospectively during the triage process for transfer requests as part of clinical patient care at our institution. RESULTS Of 341 referred patients, 112 (33%) were accepted for transfer to our facility, whereas 229 (67%) patients were declined for transfer. The Classification and Regression Tree analysis showed that patients' high pressure during airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) and age were the variables most significantly associated with the decision to accept or decline patients for transfer. CONCLUSIONS Our triage process enabled one-third of referred patients to be transferred for evaluation, with nearly 70% of those patients ultimately receiving ECMO support. High ventilator settings on APRV and young age were associated with acceptance for transfer. Accepted patients also had a higher incidence of adjunctive therapies (proning and paralysis) prior to transfer request, less cardiac or renal dysfunction, and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Further research is warranted to investigate the outcomes of nontransferred patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Niles
- Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel J Haase
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Quincy Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James A Gerding
- Critical Care Resuscitation Unit, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Esposito
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siamak Dahi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel M Galvagno
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly Boswell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond Rector
- Perfusion Services, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Pearce
- University of Maryland Access Center, Linthicum Heights, Maryland, USA
| | - Maie Abdel-Wahab
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Research Assistant Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Research Assistant Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saad Pirzada
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Research Assistant Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali Tabatabai
- Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Powell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Munir M, Smith H, Valentine T, Leonberger K, Szarka D, Dixon E, Anthony N, Ricciardi M, Adedokun T, Keene T, Pearce R, Gauthier N. Leaf Spot Disease Development and Its Effect on Yield of Essential Oil-Producing Hemp Cultivars in Kentucky. Plant Dis 2024:PDIS11232483RE. [PMID: 38175655 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2483-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Leaf spot diseases are common on field hemp, causing defoliation, and blighting. The most prevalent leaf spot diseases of hemp in Kentucky are Bipolaris leaf spot (Bipolaris gigantea), Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora flagellaris), and Septoria leaf spot (Septoria cannabis). In this study, disease progression, cultivar susceptibility, and yield loss were examined using cultivars from four relatedness groups at two locations and in two growing seasons. Septoria leaf spot was the first leaf spot disease to be observed in the field, followed by Bipolaris leaf spot. Both diseases reduced canopy density. Cercospora leaf spot developed in the late reproductive stages as harvest approached. A wide range of susceptibility was documented, suggesting genetic variability across cultivars. Trump group cultivars were the most susceptible, while Otto II group cultivars were the least susceptible. Most importantly, leaf spot diseases had minimal influence on floral biomass and no effect on CBD yield, suggesting that, regardless of disease severity, leaf spot diseases may seldom warrant management. While the importance of foliar disease and corresponding yield loss can shift over time, variation in disease progress among leaf spot diseases and susceptibility of hemp cultivars documented in this study suggest potential disease management through cultural practices such as cultivar and planting date selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbakhul Munir
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Henry Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Tara Valentine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Kim Leonberger
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Desiree Szarka
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Ed Dixon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Noah Anthony
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | | | - Toni Adedokun
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Tom Keene
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Robert Pearce
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
| | - Nicole Gauthier
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
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Hogard S, Pearce R, Gonzalez R, Yetka K, Bott C. Optimizing Ozone Disinfection in Water Reuse: Controlling Bromate Formation and Enhancing Trace Organic Contaminant Oxidation. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18499-18508. [PMID: 37467303 PMCID: PMC10690711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of ozone/biofiltration advanced treatment has become more prevalent in recent years, with many utilities seeking an alternative to membrane/RO based treatment for water reuse. Ensuring efficient pathogen reduction while controlling disinfection byproducts and maximizing oxidation of trace organic contaminants remains a major barrier to implementing ozone in reuse applications. Navigating these challenges is imperative in order to allow for the more widespread application of ozonation. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of ozone for virus, coliform bacteria, and spore forming bacteria inactivation in unfiltered secondary effluent, all the while controlling the disinfection byproduct bromate. A greater than 6-log reduction of both male specific and somatic coliphages was seen at specific ozone doses as low as 0.75 O3:TOC. This study compared monochloramine and hydrogen peroxide as chemical bromate control measures in high bromide water (Br- = 0.35 ± 0.07 mg/L). On average, monochloramine and hydrogen peroxide resulted in an 80% and 36% decrease of bromate formation, respectively. Neither bromate control method had any appreciable impact on virus or coliform bacteria disinfection by ozone; however, the use of hydrogen peroxide would require a non-Ct disinfection framework. Maintaining ozone residual was shown to be critical for achieving disinfection of more resilient microorganisms, such as spore forming bacteria. While extremely effective at controlling bromate, monochloramine was shown to inhibit TrOC oxidation, whereas hydrogen peroxide enhanced TrOC oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hogard
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Robert Pearce
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Kathleen Yetka
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471, United States
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5
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Morrison C, Hogard S, Pearce R, Mohan A, Pisarenko AN, Dickenson ERV, von Gunten U, Wert EC. Critical Review on Bromate Formation during Ozonation and Control Options for Its Minimization. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18393-18409. [PMID: 37363871 PMCID: PMC10690720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a commonly applied disinfectant and oxidant in drinking water and has more recently been implemented for enhanced municipal wastewater treatment for potable reuse and ecosystem protection. One drawback is the potential formation of bromate, a possible human carcinogen with a strict drinking water standard of 10 μg/L. The formation of bromate from bromide during ozonation is complex and involves reactions with both ozone and secondary oxidants formed from ozone decomposition, i.e., hydroxyl radical. The underlying mechanism has been elucidated over the past several decades, and the extent of many parallel reactions occurring with either ozone or hydroxyl radicals depends strongly on the concentration, type of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and carbonate. On the basis of mechanistic considerations, several approaches minimizing bromate formation during ozonation can be applied. Removal of bromate after ozonation is less feasible. We recommend that bromate control strategies be prioritized in the following order: (1) control bromide discharge at the source and ensure optimal ozone mass-transfer design to minimize bromate formation, (2) minimize bromate formation during ozonation by chemical control strategies, such as ammonium with or without chlorine addition or hydrogen peroxide addition, which interfere with specific bromate formation steps and/or mask bromide, (3) implement a pretreatment strategy to reduce bromide and/or DOM prior to ozonation, and (4) assess the suitability of ozonation altogether or utilize a downstream treatment process that may already be in place, such as reverse osmosis, for post-ozone bromate abatement. A one-size-fits-all approach to bromate control does not exist, and treatment objectives, such as disinfection and micropollutant abatement, must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina
M. Morrison
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
| | - Samantha Hogard
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471-0911, United
States
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert Pearce
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471-0911, United
States
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aarthi Mohan
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
| | - Aleksey N. Pisarenko
- Trussell
Technologies, Inc., 380
Stevens Avenue, Suite 212, Solana Beach, California 92075, United States
| | - Eric R. V. Dickenson
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
- School of
Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric C. Wert
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
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6
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Swarup I, Pearce R, Sanborn R, Shore BJ. Variations in the Management of Closed Salter-Harris II Distal Tibia Fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 2023; 43:e742-e746. [PMID: 37606098 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no formal practice guidelines for the surgical management of closed, Salter-Harris (SH) II distal tibia fractures. The purpose of this study was to survey the indications for operative and nonoperative management of this injury across pediatric tertiary care centers. METHODS We surveyed pediatric orthopedic surgeons at 20 tertiary care level-1 pediatric trauma centers. Surgeons were provided with 16 clinical scenarios that varied based on patient age and sex, and highlighted the following surgical indications: translation <3 mm, translation ≥3 mm, sagittal plane angulation >5 degrees, and coronal plane angulation >5 degrees. Each case's scenario and radiographs after closed reduction were presented in a randomized manner. Consensus was defined as 80% agreement, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. RESULTS In total, 33 of 37 surgeons completed the survey (89% response rate). All surgeons took trauma call at a level-1 pediatric trauma center and had an average of 8.8 years (SD: 6.5 y) of experience. Consensus was reached in 4 of 16 scenarios. Specifically, nonoperative management was recommended for all scenarios showing <3 mm of translation after closed reduction. The majority of surgeons recommended operative management in scenarios showing coronal plane angulation after closed reduction, but none of these scenarios reached consensus. There was a near-equal split in operative and nonoperative management in 8 of 16 scenarios. These scenarios showed ≥3 mm translation after closed reduction and sagittal plane angulation after closed reduction. Surgeons with 6 to 10 years in practice were the most likely to recommend surgery, especially in the case of >5 degrees coronal plane angulation postreduction ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is considerable variation regarding the indications for operative and nonoperative management of closed, SHII distal tibia fractures. Consensus was reached for nonoperative management in patients with <3 mm of translation after closed reduction; however, with greater deformity consensus regarding optimal treatment was unable to be achieved. The variation in the management of distal tibia SHII fractures is significant, suggesting that perhaps clinical equipoise exists between operative and nonoperative management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaan Swarup
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Robert Pearce
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
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7
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Pearce R, Li X, Vennekate J, Ciovati G, Bott C. Electron beam treatment for the removal of 1,4-dioxane in water and wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2023; 87:275-283. [PMID: 36640037 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam (e-beam) treatment uses accelerated electrons to form oxidizing and reducing radicals when applied to water without the use of external chemicals. In this study, electron beam treatment was used to degrade 1,4-dioxane in several water matrices. Removal improved in the progressively cleaner water matrices and removals as high as 94% to 99% were observed at a dose of 2.3 kGy in secondary effluent. 1,4-dioxane removal was confirmed to be primarily through hydroxyl radical oxidation. The calculated electrical energy per order was found to be 0.53, 0.26, and 0.08 kWh/m3/order for secondary effluent (Avg. total organic carbon (TOC) 9.25 mg/L), granular activated carbon effluent (TOC 3.46 mg/L), and ultrapure water, respectively, with a 70% generation and transfer efficiency applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pearce
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Patton Hall, 750 Drillfield Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA E-mail: ; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, 231 Kaufman Hall, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - John Vennekate
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Gianluigi Ciovati
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA
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8
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McAfee D, McLeod IM, Alleway HK, Bishop MJ, Branigan S, Connell SD, Copeland C, Crawford CM, Diggles BK, Fitzsimons JA, Gilby BL, Hamer P, Hancock B, Pearce R, Russell K, Gillies CL. Turning a lost reef ecosystem into a national restoration program. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13958. [PMID: 35621094 PMCID: PMC10087571 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a sustainable socioecological future now requires large-scale environmental repair across legislative borders. Yet, enabling large-scale conservation is complicated by policy-making processes that are disconnected from socioeconomic interests, multiple sources of knowledge, and differing applications of policy. We considered how a multidisciplinary approach to marine habitat restoration generated the scientific evidence base, community support, and funding needed to begin the restoration of a forgotten, functionally extinct shellfish reef ecosystem. The key actors came together as a multidisciplinary community of researchers, conservation practitioners, recreational fisher communities, and government bodies that collaborated across sectors to rediscover Australia's lost shellfish reefs and communicate the value of its restoration. Actions undertaken to build a case for large-scale marine restoration included synthesizing current knowledge on Australian shellfish reefs and their historical decline, using this history to tell a compelling story to spark public and political interest, integrating restoration into government policy, and rallying local support through community engagement. Clearly articulating the social, economic, and environmental business case for restoration led to state and national funding for reef restoration to meet diverse sustainability goals (e.g., enhanced biodiversity and fisheries productivity) and socioeconomic goals (e.g., job creation and recreational opportunities). A key lesson learned was the importance of aligning project goals with public and industry interests so that projects could address multiple political obligations. This process culminated in Australia's largest marine restoration initiative and shows that solutions for large-scale ecosystem repair can rapidly occur when socially valued science acts on political opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic McAfee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian M McLeod
- TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi K Alleway
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Provide Food and Water, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Branigan
- The Nature Conservancy Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Christine M Crawford
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ben K Diggles
- DigsFish Services Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A Fitzsimons
- The Nature Conservancy Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben L Gilby
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Hamer
- Victorian Fisheries Authority, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boze Hancock
- The Nature Conservancy, c/o Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robert Pearce
- Albert Park Yachting and Angling Club, Albert Park, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Russell
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Taylors Beach, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris L Gillies
- TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- The Nature Conservancy Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Morrison CM, Hogard S, Pearce R, Gerrity D, von Gunten U, Wert EC. Ozone disinfection of waterborne pathogens and their surrogates: A critical review. Water Res 2022; 214:118206. [PMID: 35276607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, Giardia cysts, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are all major causes of waterborne diseases that can be uniquely challenging in terms of inactivation/removal during water and wastewater treatment and water reuse. Ozone is a strong disinfectant that has been both studied and utilized in water treatment for more than a century. Despite the wealth of data examining ozone disinfection, direct comparison of results from different studies is challenging due to the complexity of aqueous ozone chemistry and the variety of the applied approaches. In this systematic review, an analysis of the available ozone disinfection data for viruses, Giardia cysts, and C. parvum oocysts, along with their corresponding surrogates, was performed. It was based on studies implementing procedures which produce reliable and comparable datasets. Datasets were compiled and compared with the current USEPA Ct models for ozone. Additionally, the use of non-pathogenic surrogate organisms for prediction of pathogen inactivation during ozone disinfection was evaluated. Based on second-order inactivation rate constants, it was determined that the inactivation efficiency of ozone decreases in the following order: Viruses >> Giardia cysts > C. parvum oocysts. The USEPA Ct models were found to be accurate to conservative in predicting inactivation of C. parvum oocysts and viruses, respectively, however they overestimate inactivation of Giardia cysts at ozone Ct values greater than ∼1 mg min L-1. Common surrogates of these pathogens, such as MS2 bacteriophage and Bacillus subtilis spores, were found to exhibit different inactivation kinetics to mammalian viruses and C. parvum oocysts, respectively. The compilation of data highlights the need for further studies on disinfection kinetics and inactivation mechanisms by ozone to better fit inactivation models as well as for proper selection of surrogate organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Morrison
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA.
| | - Samantha Hogard
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, VA 23471-0911
| | - Robert Pearce
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, VA 23471-0911
| | - Daniel Gerrity
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric C Wert
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA
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Martínez-Albertos P, Pedroche G, Dremel M, Pearce R, Loughlin M, Tonqueze YL, Sanz J, Juárez R. Shielding conceptual designs of ITER TCP ports to protect electronics. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pearce R, Hogard S, Buehlmann P, Salazar-Benites G, Wilson C, Bott C. Evaluation of preformed monochloramine for bromate control in ozonation for potable reuse. Water Res 2022; 211:118049. [PMID: 35032872 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromate, a regulated disinfection byproduct, forms during the ozonation of bromide through reactions with both ozone and hydroxyl radical. In this study, preformed monochloramine was evaluated for use as a bromate suppression method in pilot testing of wastewater reuse with an average bromide concentration of 422±20 µg/L. A dose of 3 mg/L NH2Cl-Cl2 decreased bromate formation by an average of 82% and was sufficient to keep bromate below the MCL at ozone doses up to 8.6 mg/L (1.2 O3:TOC). Removal of 1,4-dioxane through ozonation decreased with increasing NH2Cl dose, confirming that monochloramine suppresses bromate formation, at least in part, by acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. This may negatively impact oxidation objectives of ozonation in reuse applications. Increasing monochloramine contact time did not improve bromate suppression, indicating that monochloramine probably did not mask bromide as NHBrCl or other haloamines prior to ozonation. However, NHBrCl and NH2Br may be formed from reactions between HOBr and NH2Cl and excess free ammonia during ozonation. NDMA was formed by ozonation at concentrations up to 79 ng/L and was not enhanced by NH2Cl addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pearce
- Virginia Tech Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 750 Drillfield Dr, 200 Patton Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States.
| | - Samantha Hogard
- Virginia Tech Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 750 Drillfield Dr, 200 Patton Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
| | - Peter Buehlmann
- Brown and Caldwell, 1725 Duke St, Unit 250, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States
| | - Germano Salazar-Benites
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States
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Hogard S, Salazar-Benites G, Pearce R, Nading T, Schimmoller L, Wilson C, Heisig-Mitchell J, Bott C. Demonstration-scale evaluation of ozone-biofiltration-granular activated carbon advanced water treatment for managed aquifer recharge. Water Environ Res 2021; 93:1157-1172. [PMID: 33522033 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Water Initiative for Tomorrow (SWIFT) program is the effort of the Hampton Roads Sanitation District to implement indirect potable reuse to recharge the depleted Potomac Aquifer. This initiative is being demonstrated at the 1-MGD SWIFT Research Center with a treatment train including coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (floc/sed), ozonation, biofiltration (BAF), granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, and UV disinfection, followed by managed aquifer recharge. Bulk total organic carbon (TOC) removal occurred via multiple treatment barriers including, floc/sed (26% removal), ozone/BAF (30% removal), and adsorption by GAC. BAF acclimation was observed during the first months of plant operation which coincided with the establishment of biological nitrification and dissolved metal removal. Bromate formation during ozonation was efficiently controlled below 10 µg/L using preformed monochloramine and preoxidation with free chlorine. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was formed at an average concentration of 53 ng/L post-ozonation and was removed >70% by the BAFs after several months of operation. Contaminants of emerging concern were removed by multiple treatment barriers including oxidation, biological degradation, and adsorption. The breakthrough of these contaminants and bulk TOC will likely determine the replacement interval of GAC. The ozone/BAC/GAC treatment process was shown to meet all defined treatment goals for managed aquifer recharge. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Floc/sed, biofiltration, and GAC adsorption provide important barriers in carbon-based treatment trains for bulk TOC and trace organic contaminant removal. Biofilter acclimation was observed during the first three months of operation in each operating period as evidenced by the establishment of nitrification. Bromate was effectively controlled during ozonation of a high bromide water with monochloramine doses of 3-5 mg/L. NDMA was formed at an average concentration of 53 ng/L by ozonation and complete removal was achieved by BAFs after several months of biological acclimation. An average 25% removal of 1,4-dioxane was achieved via oxidation by hydroxyl radicals during ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hogard
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Robert Pearce
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tyler Nading
- Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Englewood, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), Virginia Beach, VA, USA
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Pradeep P, Patlewicz G, Pearce R, Wambaugh J, Wetmore B, Judson R. Using Chemical Structure Information to Develop Predictive Models for In Vitro Toxicokinetic Parameters to Inform High-throughput Risk-assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16. [PMID: 34124416 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The toxicokinetic (TK) parameters fraction of the chemical unbound to plasma proteins and metabolic clearance are critical for relating exposure and internal dose when building in vitro-based risk assessment models. However, experimental toxicokinetic studies have only been carried out on limited chemicals of environmental interest (~1000 chemicals with TK data relative to tens of thousands of chemicals of interest). This work evaluated the utility of chemical structure information to predict TK parameters in silico; development of cluster-based read-across and quantitative structure-activity relationship models of fraction unbound or fub (regression) and intrinsic clearance or Clint (classification and regression) using a dataset of 1487 chemicals; utilization of predicted TK parameters to estimate uncertainty in steady-state plasma concentration (Css); and subsequent in vitro-in vivo extrapolation analyses to derive bioactivity-exposure ratio (BER) plot to compare human oral equivalent doses and exposure predictions using androgen and estrogen receptor activity data for 233 chemicals as an example dataset. The results demonstrate that fub is structurally more predictable than Clint. The model with the highest observed performance for fub had an external test set RMSE/σ=0.62 and R2=0.61, for Clint classification had an external test set accuracy = 65.9%, and for intrinsic clearance regression had an external test set RMSE/σ=0.90 and R2=0.20. This relatively low performance is in part due to the large uncertainty in the underlying Clint data. We show that Css is relatively insensitive to uncertainty in Clint. The models were benchmarked against the ADMET Predictor software. Finally, the BER analysis allowed identification of 14 out of 136 chemicals for further risk assessment demonstrating the utility of these models in aiding risk-based chemical prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Pradeep
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.,Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Robert Pearce
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.,Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - John Wambaugh
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Wetmore
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Richard Judson
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Dixon E, Barlow W, Walles G, Amsden B, Hirsch RL, Pearce R, Pfeufer EE. Cytochrome b Mutations F129L and G143A Confer Resistance to Azoxystrobin in Cercospora nicotianae, the Frogeye Leaf Spot Pathogen of Tobacco. Plant Dis 2020; 104:1781-1788. [PMID: 32282279 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-19-0382-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin is the only synthetic, systemic fungicide labeled in the United States for management of frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), caused by Cercospora nicotianae. Though traditionally considered a minor disease in the United States, FLS has recently become yield and quality limiting. In 2016 and 2017, 100 C. nicotianae isolates were collected from symptomatic tobacco from eight counties in Kentucky, United States. Prior to azoxystrobin sensitivity testing, some C. nicotianae isolates were found to utilize the alternative oxidase pathway and, after assay comparisons, conidial germination was utilized to evaluate sensitivity in C. nicotianae as opposed to mycelial growth. Azoxystrobin sensitivity was determined by establishing the effective concentration to inhibit 50% conidial germination (EC50) for 47 (in 2016) and 53 (in 2017) C. nicotianae isolates. Distributions of C. nicotianae EC50 values indicated three qualitative levels of sensitivity to azoxystrobin. Partial cytochrome b sequence, encompassing the F129L and G143A mutation sites, indicated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring the F129L mutation in C. nicotianae of moderate resistance (azoxystrobin at 0.177 ≤ EC50 ≤ 0.535 µg/ml) and the G143A mutation in isolates with an azoxystrobin-resistant phenotype (azoxystrobin EC50 > 1.15 µg/ml). Higher frequencies of resistant isolates were identified from greenhouse transplant (4 of 17) and conventionally produced (58 of 62) tobacco samples, as compared with field-grown tobacco (<4 weeks prior to harvest; 4 of 62) or organically produced samples (1 of 7), respectively. Together, these results suggest that resistance to azoxystrobin in C. nicotianae occurs broadly in Kentucky, and generate new hypotheses about selection pressure affecting resistance mutation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dixon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky
| | | | - Grant Walles
- Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics Academy, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Robert Pearce
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky
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Badlani JT, Pearce R, Poornima IG, Biederman R, Thosani A. CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS CAUSING VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A SHOCKING DIAGNOSIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)33292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Pearce R, Badlani J, Biederman R, Nguyen V, Alpert CM. ASYMPTOMATIC 62 YEAR OLD WITH UNREPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: BEATING THE ODDS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)33702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Wambaugh JF, Wetmore BA, Ring CL, Nicolas CI, Pearce R, Honda G, Dinallo R, Angus D, Gilbert J, Sierra T, Badrinarayanan A, Snodgrass B, Brockman A, Strock C, Setzer W, Thomas RS. Assessing Toxicokinetic Uncertainty and Variability in Risk Prioritization. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:235-251. [PMID: 31532498 PMCID: PMC8136471 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High(er) throughput toxicokinetics (HTTK) encompasses in vitro measures of key determinants of chemical toxicokinetics and reverse dosimetry approaches for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). With HTTK, the bioactivity identified by any in vitro assay can be converted to human equivalent doses and compared with chemical intake estimates. Biological variability in HTTK has been previously considered, but the relative impact of measurement uncertainty has not. Bayesian methods were developed to provide chemical-specific uncertainty estimates for 2 in vitro toxicokinetic parameters: unbound fraction in plasma (fup) and intrinsic hepatic clearance (Clint). New experimental measurements of fup and Clint are reported for 418 and 467 chemicals, respectively. These data raise the HTTK chemical coverage of the ToxCast Phase I and II libraries to 57%. Although the standard protocol for Clint was followed, a revised protocol for fup measured unbound chemical at 10%, 30%, and 100% of physiologic plasma protein concentrations, allowing estimation of protein binding affinity. This protocol reduced the occurrence of chemicals with fup too low to measure from 44% to 9.1%. Uncertainty in fup was also reduced, with the median coefficient of variation dropping from 0.4 to 0.1. Monte Carlo simulation was used to propagate both measurement uncertainty and biological variability into IVIVE. The uncertainty propagation techniques used here also allow incorporation of other sources of uncertainty such as in silico predictors of HTTK parameters. These methods have the potential to inform risk-based prioritization based on the relationship between in vitro bioactivities and exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Wambaugh
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Barbara A. Wetmore
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Caroline L. Ring
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Chantel I. Nicolas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460
| | - Robert Pearce
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Gregory Honda
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Woodrow Setzer
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Russell S. Thomas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Nicholas MK, Costa DSJ, Linton SJ, Main CJ, Shaw WS, Pearce R, Gleeson M, Pinto RZ, Blyth FM, McCauley JH, Maher CG, Smeets RJEM, McGarity A. Predicting Return to Work in a Heterogeneous Sample of Recently Injured Workers Using the Brief ÖMPSQ-SF. J Occup Rehabil 2019; 29:295-302. [PMID: 29796980 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose (1) to examine the ability of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire-short version (ÖMPSQ-SF) to predict time to return to pre-injury work duties (PID) following a work-related soft tissue injury (regardless of body location); and (2) to examine the appropriateness of 50/100 as a suitable cut-off score for case identification. Methods Injured workers (IW) from six public hospitals in Sydney, Australia, who had taken medically-sanctioned time off work due to their injury, were recruited by insurance case managers within 5-15 days of their injury. Eligible participants (N = 213 in total) were administered the ÖMPSQ-SF over the telephone by the case manager. For objective (1) Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to predict days to return to PID using the ÖMPSQ-SF. For objective (2) receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the ÖMPSQ-SF total score that optimises sensitivity and specificity in detecting whether or not participants had returned to PID within 2-7 weeks. Results The total ÖMPSQ-SF score significantly predicted number of days to return to PID, such that for every 1-point increase in the total ÖMPSQ-SF score the predicted chance of returning to work reduced by 4% (i.e., hazard ratio = 0.96), p < 0.001. Sensitivity and specificity for the ROC analysis comparing ÖMPSQ-SF total score to return to PID within 2-7 weeks suggested 48 as the optimal cut off (sensitivity = 0.65, specificity = 0.79). Conclusion The results provide strong support for the use of the ÖMPSQ-SF in an applied setting for identifying those IW likely to have delayed RTW when administered within 15 days of the injury. While a score of 48/100 was the optimal cut point for sensitivity and specificity, pragmatically, 50/100 should be acceptable as a cut-off in future studies of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nicholas
- Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney & Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
| | - D S J Costa
- Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney & Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - S J Linton
- Department of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - C J Main
- Arthritis Care UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, North Staffordshire, UK
| | - W S Shaw
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - R Pearce
- Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney & Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - M Gleeson
- Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney & Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - R Z Pinto
- Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney & Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - F M Blyth
- School of Public Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J H McCauley
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C G Maher
- The George Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R J E M Smeets
- Knowledge Centre Rehabilitation Foundation Limburg, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Caphri, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A McGarity
- Injury Management, Health & Safety Branch, NSW Fire and Safety, Sydney, Australia
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McEvoy AC, Pereira MR, Reid A, Pearce R, Cowell L, Al-Ogaili Z, Khattak MA, Millward M, Meniawy TM, Gray ES, Ziman M. Monitoring melanoma recurrence with circulating tumor DNA: a proof of concept from three case studies. Oncotarget 2019; 10:113-122. [PMID: 30719207 PMCID: PMC6349444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of melanoma patients experience recurrence to distant sites, despite having had surgical treatment of the primary lesion, with curative intent. Monitoring of patients for early evidence of disease recurrence would significantly improve management of the disease, allowing timely therapeutic intervention. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is becoming a well-recognized biomarker for monitoring malignancies and has, in a few studies, been shown to signify disease recurrence earlier than conventional methods. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of plasma ctDNA using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in 30 primary melanoma patients with tumors harboring BRAF, NRAS or TERT promoter mutations. Mutant specific ctDNA, measured during clinical disease course, was compared with disease status in patients with confirmed disease recurrence (n = 3) and in those with no evidence of disease recurrence (n = 27). RESULTS Mutant specific ctDNA was detected in all three patients with disease recurrence at the time of clinically confirmed progression. In one case, plasma ctDNA detection preceded clinical identification of recurrence by an interval of 4 months. CtDNA was not detected in patients who were asymptomatic and had no radiological evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates promising results for the use of ctDNA as an informative monitoring tool for melanoma patients having undergone tumor resection of an early stage primary tumor. The clinical utility of ctDNA for monitoring disease recurrence warrants investigation in prospective studies as it may improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh C. McEvoy
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Michelle R. Pereira
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Anna Reid
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Robert Pearce
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Lester Cowell
- Level1 Melanoma Clinic, Hamilton Hill, Western Australia 6163, Australia
| | - Zeyad Al-Ogaili
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Muhammad A. Khattak
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tarek M. Meniawy
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Elin S. Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Dunkel Y, Reid AL, Ear J, Aznar N, Millward M, Gray E, Pearce R, Ziman M, Ghosh P. Prognostic Relevance of CCDC88C (Daple) Transcripts in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18036. [PMID: 30575751 PMCID: PMC6303298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A loss of balance between G protein activation and deactivation has been implicated in the initiation of melanomas, and non-canonical Wnt signaling via the Wnt5A/Frizzled (FZD) pathway has been shown to be critical for the switch to an invasive phenotype. Daple [CCDC88C], a cytosolic guanine nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM) which enhances non-canonical Wnt5A/FZD signaling via activation of trimeric G protein, Gαi, has been shown to serve opposing roles-as an inducer of EMT and invasiveness and a potent tumor suppressor-via two isoforms, V1 (full-length) and V2 (short spliced isoform), respectively. Here we report that the relative abundance of these isoforms in the peripheral circulation, presumably largely from circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is a prognostic marker of cutaneous melanomas. Expression of V1 is increased in both the early and late clinical stages (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively); V2 is decreased exclusively in the late clinical stage (p = 0.003). The two isoforms have opposing prognostic effects: high expression of V2 increases relapse-free survival (RFS; p = 0.014), whereas high expression of V1 tends to decrease RFS (p = 0.051). Furthermore, these effects are additive, in that melanoma patients with a low V2-high V1 signature carry the highest risk of metastatic disease. We conclude that detection of Daple transcripts in the peripheral blood (i.e., liquid biopsies) of patients with melanoma may serve as a prognostic marker and an effective strategy for non-invasive long-term follow-up of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna L Reid
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Centre de Recherche enCancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Pearce
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
- Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pearce
- Electronic Medications Management, Information Technology and Telecommunications, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales
| | - Ian Whyte
- Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales
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McEvoy AC, Wood BA, Ardakani NM, Pereira MR, Pearce R, Cowell L, Robinson C, Grieu-Iacopetta F, Spicer AJ, Amanuel B, Ziman M, Gray ES. Droplet Digital PCR for Mutation Detection in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Melanoma Tissues. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:240-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Killey R, Mynors C, Pearce R, Nell A, Prentis A, Day MJ. Long-lived immunity to canine core vaccine antigens in UK dogs as assessed by an in-practice test kit. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:27-31. [PMID: 29087557 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the utility of an in-practice test kit to detect protective serum antibody against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus type 2 in a sample of the UK dog population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples from 486 dogs, last vaccinated between less than 1 month and 124 months previously, were tested with the VacciCheck™ test kit for protective antibodies against distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus type 2. RESULTS A high proportion of the dogs tested (93·6%) had protective antibody against all three of the core vaccine antigens: 95·7% of the dogs were seropositive against canine distemper virus, 97·3% against canine adenovirus and 98·5% against canine parvovirus type 2. The small number of dogs that were seronegative for one or more of the antigens (n = 31) may have had waning of previous serum antibody or may have been rare genetic non-responders to that specific antigen. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE UK veterinarians can be reassured that triennial revaccination of adult dogs with core vaccines provides long-lived protective immunity. In-practice serological test kits are a valuable tool for informing decision-making about canine core revaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Killey
- Moreton Morrell College, Moreton Morrell, Warwickshire, CV35 9BL, UK
| | - C Mynors
- Moreton Morrell College, Moreton Morrell, Warwickshire, CV35 9BL, UK
| | - R Pearce
- Moreton Morrell College, Moreton Morrell, Warwickshire, CV35 9BL, UK
| | - A Nell
- Medivet, Watford, Hertfordshire, WD24 7UY, UK
| | - A Prentis
- Hyde Park Veterinary Centre, London, W2 2AE, UK
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK
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Black N, Liu CG, Pearce R, Li B, Maier SA, Cohen LF, Gallop JC, Hao L. Graphene gas sensing using a non-contact microwave method. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:395501. [PMID: 28726674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa80f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a non-contact CVD graphene gas sensing method that utilises a high Q microwave dielectric resonator perturbation technique. A graphene sample is coupled to the evanescent field of a dielectric resonator whereupon nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a p-doping gas, is detected by monitoring the change in the linewidth and frequency of the resonant mode. The resonant peak shape is dependent on the number of carriers in the graphene sheet. Therefore, the linewidth perturbation can be converted to a measurement of the graphene sheet resistance. To demonstrate the strength of this technique, sensor response curves for NO2 at different concentrations and temperatures are measured showing sub ppm sensitivity. This technique eliminates interactions between the trace gas and metal contacts that otherwise effect the sensor response of the graphene device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ncg Black
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom. Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Sipes NS, Wambaugh JF, Pearce R, Auerbach SS, Wetmore BA, Hsieh JH, Shapiro AJ, Svoboda D, DeVito MJ, Ferguson SS. An Intuitive Approach for Predicting Potential Human Health Risk with the Tox21 10k Library. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:10786-10796. [PMID: 28809115 PMCID: PMC5657440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) analyses translating high-throughput screening (HTS) data to human relevance have been limited. This study represents the first report applying IVIVE approaches and exposure comparisons using the entirety of the Tox21 federal collaboration chemical screening data, incorporating assay response efficacy and quality of concentration-response fits, and providing quantitative anchoring to first address the likelihood of human in vivo interactions with Tox21 compounds. This likelihood was assessed using a maximum blood concentration to in vitro response ratio approach (Cmax/AC50), analogous to decision-making methods for clinical drug-drug interactions. Fraction unbound in plasma (fup) and intrinsic hepatic clearance (CLint) parameters were estimated in silico and incorporated in a three-compartment toxicokinetic (TK) model to first predict Cmax for in vivo corroboration using therapeutic scenarios. Toward lower exposure scenarios, 36 compounds of 3925 unique chemicals with curated activity in the HTS data using high-quality dose-response model fits and ≥40% efficacy gave "possible" human in vivo interaction likelihoods lower than median human exposures predicted in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's ExpoCast program. A publicly available web application has been designed to provide all Tox21-ToxCast dose-likelihood predictions. Overall, this approach provides an intuitive framework to relate in vitro toxicology data rapidly and quantitatively to exposures using either in vitro or in silico derived TK parameters and can be thought of as an important step toward estimating plausible biological interactions in a high-throughput risk-assessment framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha S. Sipes
- National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
- Corresponding Author: Nisha S. Sipes, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, PO Box 12233, MD: K2-17, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, Telephone: 919-316-4603,
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- National Center for Computational Toxicology/US EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Robert Pearce
- National Center for Computational Toxicology/US EPA, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Shapiro
- National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael J. DeVito
- National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Stephen S. Ferguson
- National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
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Martin A, Andrew P, Jokinen T, Komarov V, Kukushkin A, Loarte A, Maruyama S, Merola M, Palmer J, Pearce R, Pick M, Pitts R, Walker C. ITER Divertor System Integration. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a8877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Martin
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - P. Andrew
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - T. Jokinen
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - V. Komarov
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - A. Kukushkin
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - A. Loarte
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - S. Maruyama
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - M. Merola
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - J. Palmer
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - R. Pearce
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - M. Pick
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - R. Pitts
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
| | - C. Walker
- ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, 13108
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Lässer R, Antipenkov A, Bekris NB, Boccaccini L, Caldwell-Nichols C, Cristescu I, Day C, Gasparotto M, Glugla M, Dell’Orco G, Gabriel F, Gastaldi O, Grisolia C, Knipe S, Magielsen AJ, Möslang A, Murdoch D, Pearce R, Perevezentsev A, Piazza G, Poitevin Y, Ricapito I, Salavy JF, Sedano L, Zmitko M. Tritium in Fusion: R&D in the EU. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Lässer
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Antipenkov
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany
| | - N. Bekris Bekris
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 43DB, UK
| | - L.V. Boccaccini
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany
| | | | - I. Cristescu
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany
| | - Ch. Day
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany
| | - M. Gasparotto
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Glugla
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany
| | - G. Dell’Orco
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F. Gabriel
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-surYvette, France
| | - O. Gastaldi
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Ch. Grisolia
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - S. Knipe
- Culham Science Centre, UKAEA, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK
| | | | - A. Möslang
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany
| | - D. Murdoch
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R. Pearce
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - G. Piazza
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y. Poitevin
- ENEA Brasimone, I-40032 Camugnano, Bologna, Italy
| | - I. Ricapito
- NRG, P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - J.-F. Salavy
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-surYvette, France
| | | | - M. Zmitko
- EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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O'Hare P, Lucchini G, Cummins M, Veys P, Potter M, Lawson S, Vora A, Wynn R, Peniket A, Kirkland K, Pearce R, Perry J, Amrolia PJ. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for refractory acute myeloid leukemia in pediatric patients: the UK experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:825-831. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tsao TW, Ford C, Lor C, Pearce R, Czajkowski C. Structural Elements Governing GABA-A Receptor Channel Activation and Drug Modulation. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Lynch JO, Chhabda S, O'Boyle E, Rajeswaran G, Pearce R, Roberton B. CRPS, TBES, AVN, SONK: Deciphering the alphabet soup of marrow oedema. Clin Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Advertising Council produces highest evaluation but lowest behavioral response of three sources used for PSAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R. Lynn
- Professor of Journalism, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville
| | - Robert O. Wyatt
- English and Journalism, The University of Tennessee-Nashville
| | - Janet Gaines
- Communications at The University of Tennessee-Knoxville
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Pearce
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Wood
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Dremel M, Boissin JC, Déléage V, Quinn E, Pearce R. Novel manufacturing method by using stainless steel pipes expanded into aluminium profiles for the ITER Neutral Beam cryopumps. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Briggs S, Pearce R, Dilworth S, Higgins I, Hullick C, Attia J. Clinical pharmacist review: a randomised controlled trial. Emerg Med Australas 2015; 27:419-26. [PMID: 26190132 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if medication review by a clinical pharmacist of older patients in the ED impacted on admission to hospital and other outcomes. METHODS A stratified, randomised controlled study comparing the intervention to current practice. A tertiary referral ED in New South Wales, Australia. Older people (>70 years) living at home who initially reported taking greater than five medications. Medication review by an experienced hospital pharmacist within the ED. Rate of admission, rate of readmission, length of stay and admission to an aged care facility at 4 months post presentation, and rate of general practitioner acceptance of pharmacist recommendations. RESULTS The odds of admission decreased for those receiving the intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53, 0.87; P = 0.002). There was no evidence that the intervention affected hospital length of stay for admitted patients (0.09 days change, 95% CI -0.08, 0.25; P = 0.31), the rate of re-presentation (0.08% change, 95% CI -0.12, 0.28; P = 0.44) or admission to an aged care facility. The odds of admission to an aged care facility increased with the Identification of Seniors at Risk score. General practitioners adopted 49% of pharmacists' recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The presence of an experienced pharmacist in the ED reduced hospital admissions. Further study is required to determine longer term impacts of General Medical Practitioner acceptance of pharmacists' recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan Briggs
- Department of Pharmacy, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Pearce
- Department of Pharmacy, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Dilworth
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabel Higgins
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn Hullick
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Emergency Department, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Wambaugh JF, Wetmore BA, Pearce R, Strope C, Goldsmith R, Sluka JP, Sedykh A, Tropsha A, Bosgra S, Shah I, Judson R, Thomas RS, Setzer RW. Toxicokinetic Triage for Environmental Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:55-67. [PMID: 26085347 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicokinetic (TK) models link administered doses to plasma, blood, and tissue concentrations. High-throughput TK (HTTK) performs in vitro to in vivo extrapolation to predict TK from rapid in vitro measurements and chemical structure-based properties. A significant toxicological application of HTTK has been "reverse dosimetry," in which bioactive concentrations from in vitro screening studies are converted into in vivo doses (mg/kg BW/day). These doses are predicted to produce steady-state plasma concentrations that are equivalent to in vitro bioactive concentrations. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the approximations and assumptions necessary for reverse dosimetry and develop methods to determine whether HTTK tools are appropriate or may lead to false conclusions for a particular chemical. Based on literature in vivo data for 87 chemicals, we identified specific properties (eg, in vitro HTTK data, physico-chemical descriptors, and predicted transporter affinities) that correlate with poor HTTK predictive ability. For 271 chemicals we developed a generic HT physiologically based TK (HTPBTK) model that predicts non-steady-state chemical concentration time-courses for a variety of exposure scenarios. We used this HTPBTK model to find that assumptions previously used for reverse dosimetry are usually appropriate, except most notably for highly bioaccumulative compounds. For the thousands of man-made chemicals in the environment that currently have no TK data, we propose a 4-element framework for chemical TK triage that can group chemicals into 7 different categories associated with varying levels of confidence in HTTK predictions. For 349 chemicals with literature HTTK data, we differentiated those chemicals for which HTTK approaches are likely to be sufficient, from those that may require additional data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara A Wetmore
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2137
| | | | - Cory Strope
- *National Center for Computational Toxicology and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Grantee P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-0117, United States
| | - Rocky Goldsmith
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - James P Sluka
- Biocomplexity Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7105
| | - Alexander Sedykh
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27955-7568; and
| | - Alex Tropsha
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27955-7568; and
| | - Sieto Bosgra
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Imran Shah
- *National Center for Computational Toxicology and
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Gray ES, Reid AL, Bowyer S, Calapre L, Siew K, Pearce R, Cowell L, Frank MH, Millward M, Ziman M. Circulating Melanoma Cell Subpopulations: Their Heterogeneity and Differential Responses to Treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2040-2048. [PMID: 25830652 PMCID: PMC4504811 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor; thus, methods to analyze tumor-derived cells circulating in blood should address this diversity. Taking this into account, we analyzed, using multiparametric flow cytometry, the co-expression of the melanoma markers melanoma cell adhesion molecule and melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the tumor-initiating markers ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 (ABCB5), CD271, and receptor activator of NF-κβ (RANK) in individual circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from 40 late-stage (III-IV) and 16 early-stage (I-II) melanoma patients. CTCs were heterogeneous within and between patients, with limited co-expression between the five markers analyzed. Analysis of patient matched blood and metastatic tumors revealed that ABCB5 and RANK subpopulations are more common among CTCs than in the solid tumors, suggesting a preferential selection for these cells in circulation. Pairwise comparison of CTC subpopulations longitudinally before and 6-13 weeks after treatment initiation showed that the percentage of RANK(+) CTCs significantly increased in the patients undergoing targeted therapy (N=16, P<0.01). Moreover, the presence of ⩾5 RANK(+) CTCs in the blood of patients undergoing targeted therapies was prognostic of shorter progression-free survival (hazards ratio 8.73, 95% confidence interval 1.82-41.75, P<0.01). Taken together, our results provide evidence of the heterogeneity among CTC subpopulations in melanoma and the differential response of these subpopulations to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin S Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Washington, Australia.
| | - Anna L Reid
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Samantha Bowyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Kelvin Siew
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Robert Pearce
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Lester Cowell
- Level 1 Melanoma Skin Cancer Clinic, Fremantle, Washington, Australia
| | - Markus H Frank
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Washington, Australia; Transplantation Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Millward
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Washington, Australia
| | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Washington, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Washington, Australia
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Pearce R. Health star ratings of reality television food products. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Maznytsya A, Chang C, Brade S, Aljabbary T, Pearce R, Eta-Ndu C, Bennett J, Wyllie A, Mak S. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A NURSE IMPLEMENTED STANDARDIZED INTRAVENOUS FUROSEMIDE PROTOCOL (MSH LA6 PROTOCOL) FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetabular fractures due to high energy injuries are common and well documented; those secondary to low energy mechanisms are less well described. We undertook a retrospective study of the acetabular fracture referrals to our unit to evaluate the proportion of injuries resulting from a low energy mechanism. METHODS A total of 573 acetabular fractures were evaluated from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008. The plain radiography and computed tomography of those sustaining a low energy fracture were assessed and the fracture patterns classified. RESULTS Of the 573 acetabular fractures, 71 (12.4%) were recorded as being a result of a low energy mechanism. The male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1 and the mean patient age was 67.0 years (standard deviation: 19.1 years). There was a significantly higher number of fractures (p<0.001) involving the anterior column (with or without a posterior hemitransverse component) than in a number of previously conducted large acetabular fracture studies. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that low energy fractures make up a considerable proportion of acetabular fractures with a distinctly different fracture pattern distribution. With the continued predicted rise in the incidence of osteoporosis, life expectancy and an aging population, it is likely that this type of fracture will become increasingly more common, posing difficult management decisions and leading to procedures that are technically more challenging.
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Quilty S, Pearce R. Drug shortages and medication quality: integrally related. Intern Med J 2014; 44:430. [PMID: 24754698 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Quilty
- Katherine Hospital, Menzies School of Health Research, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia
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White M, Cunningham L, Pearce R, Newnam S. Reward sensitivity predicts attentional bias towards alcohol-related cues in young binge drinkers. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Patel K, Udintsev V, Hughes S, Walker C, Andrew P, Barnsley R, Bertalot L, Drevon J, Encheva A, Kashchuk Y, Maquet P, Pearce R, Taylor N, Vayakis G, Walsh M. ITER diagnostic system: Vacuum interface. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Woodthorpe J, Pearce R. Microstructural observations on the frequency effect in the fatigue behaviour of superplastic Zn-Al eutectoid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/msc.1977.11.3.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
The tale of dabigatran sounds some cautionary notes about proper critical appraisal of new randomised controlled trials,care in deciding on the generalisability of results, judicious screening of patients and lessons about the politics around increasingly lucrative drugs. The old lesson of caveat utilitor still holds: let the user beware!
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Attia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Hart WG, Pearce R. Where is the next generation of medical educators? Med J Aust 2013; 198:534. [DOI: 10.5694/mja13.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William G Hart
- Department of Medical Education, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Robert Pearce
- Department of Medical Education, Curtin University, Perth, WA
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Pearce R. Distance learning library services : The Tenth Off-Campus Library Services Conference, Patric B. Mahoney (Ed.). South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science 2013. [DOI: 10.7553/72-3-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Medd PG, Peniket AJ, Littlewood TJ, Pearce R, Perry J, Kirkland KE, Shaw BE, Potter MN, Craddock CF, Milligan DW, Fielding AK, Marks DI, Cook G. Evidence for a GVL effect following reduced-intensity allo-SCT in ALL: a British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:982-7. [PMID: 23318533 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myeloablative allo-SCT decreases relapse incidence (RI) in ALL. Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) may extend allo-SCT to older and less fit patients. Sixty-nine ALL patients reported to the BSBMT underwent fludarabine-based RIC allo-SCT, 38 from unrelated donors (UD). Forty-four patients received alemtuzumab. ALL was in CR in 64 patients (93%). This was a second or third SCT in 23 patients. Two-year OS and PFS were 36% and 32%, respectively. In multivariate analysis male recipients demonstrated better OS and PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42, P = 0.008 and HR = 0.45, P = 0.012, respectively). Two-year TRM was 29%: higher with younger age (HR = 0.97/year, P = 0.041), female recipient (HR = 2.55, P = 0.049) and increasing grade of acute GVHD (HR = 1.87, P = 0.001). Two-year RI was 38% and was lower in patients with acute and chronic GVHD (HR = 0.62 per increasing grade, P = 0.035 and HR = 0.52, P = 0.025, respectively). Long-term ALL-free survival is achievable following fludarabine-based RIC allo-SCT. The association between GVHD and decreased RI suggests the presence of a GVL effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Medd
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Reid AL, Millward M, Pearce R, Lee M, Frank MH, Ireland A, Monshizadeh L, Rai T, Heenan P, Medic S, Kumarasinghe P, Ziman M. Markers of circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma correlate with disease recurrence and progression. Br J Dermatol 2012; 168:85-92. [PMID: 23013138 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimarker quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) represents an effective method for detecting circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the phenotype of circulating melanoma cells represents a useful indicator of disease stage, recurrence and treatment efficacy. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 230 patients with melanoma and 152 healthy controls over a period of 3years and 9months. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from patients with primary melanoma (early stages, 0-II, n=154) and metastatic melanoma (late stages, III-IV, n=76). Each specimen was examined by qRT-PCR analysis for the expression of five markers: MLANA, ABCB5, TGFβ2, PAX3d and MCAM. RESULTS In total, 212 of the patients with melanoma (92%) expressed markers in their peripheral blood. Two markers, MLANA and ABCB5, had the greatest prognostic value, and were identified as statistically significant among patients who experienced disease recurrence within our study period, being expressed in 45% (MLANA) and 49% (ABCB5) of patients with recurrence (P=0·001 and P=0·031, respectively). For patients administered nonsurgical treatments, MCAM expression correlated with poor treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS Circulating tumour cells were detectable at all stages of disease and long after surgical treatment, even when patients were considered disease free. Specifically, expression of ABCB5 and MLANA had significant prognostic value in inferring disease recurrence, while MCAM expression was associated with poor patient outcome after treatment, confirming multimarker qRT-PCR as a potential technique for monitoring disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Reid
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Cameron Smail R, McColgan P, Pearce R. PARKINSON'S DISEASE ‘GET IT ON TIME’ AUDIT. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304200a.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rickman M, Young J, Bircher M, Pearce R, Hamilton M. The management of complex acetabular fractures in the elderly with fracture fixation and primary total hip replacement. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2012; 38:511-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-012-0231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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