1
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Rogowska-van der Molen MA, Berasategui-Lopez A, Coolen S, Jansen RS, Welte CU. Microbial degradation of plant toxins. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2988-3010. [PMID: 37718389 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although they have many functions, a subclass of toxic secondary metabolites mainly serve plants as deterring agents against herbivores, insects, or pathogens. Microorganisms present in divergent ecological niches, such as soil, water, or insect and rumen gut systems have been found capable of detoxifying these metabolites. As a result of detoxification, microbes gain growth nutrients and benefit their herbivory host via detoxifying symbiosis. Here, we review current knowledge on microbial degradation of toxic alkaloids, glucosinolates, terpenes, and polyphenols with an emphasis on the genes and enzymes involved in breakdown pathways. We highlight that the insect-associated microbes might find application in biotechnology and become targets for an alternative microbial pest control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda A Rogowska-van der Molen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aileen Berasategui-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Coolen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia U Welte
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Schildkraut JA, Coolen JPM, Ruesen C, van den Heuvel JJMW, Aceña LE, Wertheim HFL, Jansen RS, Koenderink JB, Te Brake LHM, van Ingen J. The potential role of drug transporters and amikacin modifying enzymes in M. avium. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:161-165. [PMID: 37453496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) complex bacteria cause opportunistic infections in humans. Treatment yields cure rates of 60% and consists of a macrolide, a rifamycin, and ethambutol, and in severe cases, amikacin. Mechanisms of antibiotic tolerance remain mostly unknown. Therefore, we studied the contribution of efflux and amikacin modification to antibiotic susceptibility. METHODS We characterised M. avium ABC transporters and studied their expression together with other transporters following exposure to clarithromycin, amikacin, ethambutol, and rifampicin. We determined the effect of combining the efflux pump inhibitors berberine, verapamil and CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone), to study the role of efflux on susceptibility. Finally, we studied the modification of amikacin by M. avium using metabolomic analysis. RESULTS Clustering shows conservation between M. avium and M. tuberculosis and transporters from most bacterial subfamilies (2-6, 7a/b, 10-12) were found. The largest number of transporter encoding genes was up-regulated after clarithromycin exposure, and the least following amikacin exposure. Only berberine increased the susceptibility to clarithromycin. Finally, because of the limited effect of amikacin on transporter expression, we studied amikacin modification and showed that M. avium, in contrast to M. abscessus, is not able to modify amikacin. CONCLUSION We show that M. avium carries ABC transporters from all major families important for antibiotic efflux, including homologues shown to have affinity for drugs included in treatment. Efflux inhibition in M. avium can increase susceptibility, but this effect is efflux pump inhibitor- and antibiotic-specific. Finally, the lack of amikacin modifying activity in M. avium is important for its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Schildkraut
- Radboudumc Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jordy P M Coolen
- Radboudumc Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruesen
- Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Edo Aceña
- Radboudumc Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Radboudumc Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsey H M Te Brake
- Radboudumc Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jakko van Ingen
- Radboudumc Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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3
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de Jonge NF, Louwen JJR, Chekmeneva E, Camuzeaux S, Vermeir FJ, Jansen RS, Huber F, van der Hooft JJJ. MS2Query: reliable and scalable MS 2 mass spectra-based analogue search. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1752. [PMID: 36990978 PMCID: PMC10060387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics-driven discoveries of biological samples remain hampered by the grand challenge of metabolite annotation and identification. Only few metabolites have an annotated spectrum in spectral libraries; hence, searching only for exact library matches generally returns a few hits. An attractive alternative is searching for so-called analogues as a starting point for structural annotations; analogues are library molecules which are not exact matches but display a high chemical similarity. However, current analogue search implementations are not yet very reliable and relatively slow. Here, we present MS2Query, a machine learning-based tool that integrates mass spectral embedding-based chemical similarity predictors (Spec2Vec and MS2Deepscore) as well as detected precursor masses to rank potential analogues and exact matches. Benchmarking MS2Query on reference mass spectra and experimental case studies demonstrate improved reliability and scalability. Thereby, MS2Query offers exciting opportunities to further increase the annotation rate of metabolomics profiles of complex metabolite mixtures and to discover new biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek F de Jonge
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joris J R Louwen
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Femke J Vermeir
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, 6525ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, 6525ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Huber
- Centre for Digitalization and Digitality (ZDD), University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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4
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Lundkvist S, Niaziorimi F, Szeri F, Caffet M, Terry SF, Johansson G, Jansen RS, van de Wetering K. A new enzymatic assay to quantify inorganic pyrophosphate in plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:481-492. [PMID: 36400967 PMCID: PMC9839608 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a crucial extracellular mineralization regulator. Low plasma PPi concentrations underlie the soft tissue calcification present in several rare hereditary mineralization disorders as well as in more common conditions like chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Even though deregulated plasma PPi homeostasis is known to be linked to multiple human diseases, there is currently no reliable assay for its quantification. We here describe a PPi assay that employs the enzyme ATP sulfurylase to convert PPi into ATP. Generated ATP is subsequently quantified by firefly luciferase-based bioluminescence. An internal ATP standard was used to correct for sample-specific interference by matrix compounds on firefly luciferase activity. The assay was validated and shows excellent precision (< 3.5%) and accuracy (93-106%) of PPi spiked into human plasma samples. We found that of several anticoagulants tested only EDTA effectively blocked conversion of ATP into PPi in plasma after blood collection. Moreover, filtration over a 300,000-Da molecular weight cut-off membrane reduced variability of plasma PPi and removed ATP present in a membrane-enclosed compartment, possibly platelets. Applied to plasma samples of wild-type and Abcc6-/- rats, an animal model with established low circulating levels of PPi, the new assay showed lower variability than the assay that was previously in routine use in our laboratory. In conclusion, we here report a new and robust assay to determine PPi concentrations in plasma, which outperforms currently available assays because of its high sensitivity, precision, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lundkvist
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th Street, PA, 19107, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Chemistry (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Niaziorimi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th Street, PA, 19107, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Flora Szeri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th Street, PA, 19107, Philadelphia, USA
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gunnar Johansson
- Department of Chemistry (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th Street, PA, 19107, Philadelphia, USA.
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5
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Hogendoorn C, Pol A, de Graaf R, White PB, Mesman R, van Galen PM, van Alen TA, Cremers G, Jansen RS, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp HJM. " Candidatus Hydrogenisulfobacillus filiaventi" strain R50 gen. nov. sp. nov., a highly efficient producer of extracellular organic compounds from H 2 and CO 2. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151097. [PMID: 37032882 PMCID: PMC10080006 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of organic molecules is largely depending on fossil fuels. A sustainable alternative would be the synthesis of these compounds from CO2 and a cheap energy source, such as H2, CH4, NH3, CO, sulfur compounds or iron(II). Volcanic and geothermal areas are rich in CO2 and reduced inorganic gasses and therefore habitats where novel chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms for the synthesis of organic compounds could be discovered. Here we describe "Candidatus Hydrogenisulfobacillus filiaventi" R50 gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic, autotrophic H2-oxidizing microorganism, that fixed CO2 and excreted no less than 0.54 mol organic carbon per mole fixed CO2. Extensive metabolomics and NMR analyses revealed that Val, Ala and Ile are the most dominant form of excreted organic carbon while the aromatic amino acids Tyr and Phe, and Glu and Lys were present at much lower concentrations. In addition to these proteinogenic amino acids, the excreted carbon consisted of homoserine lactone, homoserine and an unidentified amino acid. The biological role of the excretion remains uncertain. In the laboratory, we noticed the production under high growth rates (0.034 h-1, doubling time of 20 h) in combination with O2-limitation, which will most likely not occur in the natural habitat of this strain. Nevertheless, this large production of extracellular organic molecules from CO2 may open possibilities to use chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms for the sustainable production of important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hogendoorn
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob de Graaf
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Mesman
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Galen
- Department of Systems Chemistry, IMM, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Theo A. van Alen
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert Cremers
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert S. Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mike S. M. Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Huub J. M. Op den Camp,
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6
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Dawson RA, Crombie AT, Jansen RS, Smith TJ, Nichol T, Murrell C. Peering down the sink: A review of isoprene metabolism by bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2022; 25:786-799. [PMID: 36567445 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is emitted to the atmosphere each year in sufficient quantities to rival methane (>500 Tg C yr-1 ), primarily due to emission by trees and other plants. Chemical reactions of isoprene with other atmospheric compounds, such as hydroxyl radicals and inorganic nitrogen species (NOx ), have implications for global warming and local air quality, respectively. For many years, it has been estimated that soil-dwelling bacteria consume a significant amount of isoprene (~20 Tg C yr-1 ), but the mechanisms underlying the biological sink for isoprene have been poorly understood. Studies have indicated or confirmed the ability of diverse bacterial genera to degrade isoprene, whether by the canonical iso-type isoprene degradation pathway or through other less well-characterized mechanisms. Here, we review current knowledge of isoprene metabolism and highlight key areas for further research. In particular, examples of isoprene-degraders that do not utilize the isoprene monooxygenase have been identified in recent years. This has fascinating implications both for the mechanism of isoprene uptake by bacteria, and also for the ecology of isoprene-degraders in the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Dawson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew T Crombie
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Smith
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tim Nichol
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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7
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Rhee KY, Jansen RS, Grundner C. Activity-based annotation: the emergence of systems biochemistry. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:785-794. [PMID: 35430135 PMCID: PMC9378515 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Current tools to annotate protein function have failed to keep pace with the speed of DNA sequencing and exponentially growing number of proteins of unknown function (PUFs). A major contributing factor to this mismatch is the historical lack of high-throughput methods to experimentally determine biochemical activity. Activity-based methods, such as activity-based metabolite and protein profiling, are emerging as new approaches for unbiased, global, biochemical annotation of protein function. In this review, we highlight recent experimental, activity-based approaches that offer new opportunities to determine protein function in a biologically agnostic and systems-level manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christoph Grundner
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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8
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Li VL, He Y, Contrepois K, Liu H, Kim JT, Wiggenhorn AL, Tanzo JT, Tung ASH, Lyu X, Zushin PJH, Jansen RS, Michael B, Loh KY, Yang AC, Carl CS, Voldstedlund CT, Wei W, Terrell SM, Moeller BC, Arthur RM, Wallis GA, van de Wetering K, Stahl A, Kiens B, Richter EA, Banik SM, Snyder MP, Xu Y, Long JZ. An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. Nature 2022; 606:785-790. [PMID: 35705806 PMCID: PMC9767481 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exercise confers protection against obesity, type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases1-5. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the metabolic benefits of physical activity remain unclear6. Here we show that exercise stimulates the production of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), a blood-borne signalling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. The biosynthesis of Lac-Phe from lactate and phenylalanine occurs in CNDP2+ cells, including macrophages, monocytes and other immune and epithelial cells localized to diverse organs. In diet-induced obese mice, pharmacological-mediated increases in Lac-Phe reduces food intake without affecting movement or energy expenditure. Chronic administration of Lac-Phe decreases adiposity and body weight and improves glucose homeostasis. Conversely, genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in mice increases food intake and obesity following exercise training. Last, large activity-inducible increases in circulating Lac-Phe are also observed in humans and racehorses, establishing this metabolite as a molecular effector associated with physical activity across multiple activity modalities and mammalian species. These data define a conserved exercise-inducible metabolite that controls food intake and influences systemic energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joon T Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L Wiggenhorn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Basil Michael
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Department of Anatomy and the Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian S Carl
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Moeller
- Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rick M Arthur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gareth A Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven M Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Kreutzfeldt KM, Jansen RS, Hartman TE, Gouzy A, Wang R, Krieger IV, Zimmerman MD, Gengenbacher M, Sarathy JP, Xie M, Dartois V, Sacchettini JC, Rhee KY, Schnappinger D, Ehrt S. CinA mediates multidrug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2203. [PMID: 35459278 PMCID: PMC9033802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to resist and tolerate antibiotics complicates the development of improved tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapies. Here we define the Mtb protein CinA as a major determinant of drug tolerance and as a potential target to shorten TB chemotherapy. By reducing the fraction of drug-tolerant persisters, genetic inactivation of cinA accelerated killing of Mtb by four antibiotics in clinical use: isoniazid, ethionamide, delamanid and pretomanid. Mtb ΔcinA was killed rapidly in conditions known to impede the efficacy of isoniazid, such as during nutrient starvation, during persistence in a caseum mimetic, in activated macrophages and during chronic mouse infection. Deletion of CinA also increased in vivo killing of Mtb by BPaL, a combination of pretomanid, bedaquiline and linezolid that is used to treat highly drug-resistant TB. Genetic and drug metabolism studies suggest that CinA mediates drug tolerance via cleavage of NAD-drug adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj M Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Travis E Hartman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alexandre Gouzy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ruojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Inna V Krieger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Matthew D Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Jansy P Sarathy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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10
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Beites T, Jansen RS, Wang R, Jinich A, Rhee KY, Schnappinger D, Ehrt S. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and during infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6593. [PMID: 34782606 PMCID: PMC8593149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on host fatty acids as a carbon source. However, fatty acid β-oxidation is mediated by redundant enzymes, which hampers the development of antitubercular drugs targeting this pathway. Here, we show that rv0338c, which we refer to as etfD, encodes a membrane oxidoreductase essential for β-oxidation in M. tuberculosis. An etfD deletion mutant is incapable of growing on fatty acids or cholesterol, with long-chain fatty acids being bactericidal, and fails to grow and survive in mice. Analysis of the mutant’s metabolome reveals a block in β-oxidation at the step catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs), which in other organisms are functionally dependent on an electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and its cognate oxidoreductase. We use immunoprecipitation to show that M. tuberculosis EtfD interacts with FixA (EtfB), a protein that is homologous to the human ETF subunit β and is encoded in an operon with fixB, encoding a homologue of human ETF subunit α. We thus refer to FixA and FixB as EtfB and EtfA, respectively. Our results indicate that EtfBA and EtfD (which is not homologous to human EtfD) function as the ETF and oxidoreductase for β-oxidation in M. tuberculosis and support this pathway as a potential target for tuberculosis drug development. The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on host fatty acids and cholesterol as carbon sources. Here, Beites et al. identify a protein complex that is essential for fatty acid and cholesterol utilization and thus for survival of M. tuberculosis during infection, supporting this pathway as a potential target for tuberculosis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Beites
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Adrian Jinich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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11
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Welte CU, de Graaf R, Dalcin Martins P, Jansen RS, Jetten MSM, Kurth JM. A novel methoxydotrophic metabolism discovered in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4017-4033. [PMID: 33913565 PMCID: PMC8359953 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methoxylated aromatic compounds (MACs) are important components of lignin found in significant amounts in the subsurface. Recently, the methanogenic archaeon Methermicoccus shengliensis was shown to be able to use a variety of MACs during methoxydotrophic growth. After a molecular survey, we found that the hyperthermophilic non‐methanogenic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus also encodes genes for a bacterial‐like demethoxylation system. In this study, we performed growth and metabolite analysis, and used transcriptomics to investigate the response of A. fulgidus during growth on MACs in comparison to growth on lactate. We observed that A. fulgidus converts MACs to their hydroxylated derivatives with CO2 as the main product and sulfate as electron acceptor. Furthermore, we could show that MACs improve the growth of A. fulgidus in the presence of organic substrates such as lactate. We also found evidence that other archaea such as Bathyarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, Verstraetearchaeota, Korarchaeota, Helarchaeota and Nezhaarchaeota encode a demethoxylation system. In summary, we here describe the first non‐methanogenic archaeon with the ability to grow on MACs indicating that methoxydotrophic archaea might play a so far underestimated role in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia U Welte
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Earth System Science Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Rob de Graaf
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Dalcin Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Earth System Science Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Julia M Kurth
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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12
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Zaveri A, Wang R, Botella L, Sharma R, Zhu L, Wallach JB, Song N, Jansen RS, Rhee KY, Ehrt S, Schnappinger D. Depletion of the DarG antitoxin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers the DNA-damage response and leads to cell death. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:641-652. [PMID: 32634279 PMCID: PMC7689832 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~80 putative toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules encoded by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), three contain antitoxins essential for bacterial viability. One of these, Rv0060 (DNA ADP-ribosyl glycohydrolase, DarGMtb ), functions along with its cognate toxin Rv0059 (DNA ADP-ribosyl transferase, DarTMtb ), to mediate reversible DNA ADP-ribosylation (Jankevicius et al., 2016). We demonstrate that DarTMtb -DarGMtb form a functional TA pair and essentiality of darGMtb is dependent on the presence of darTMtb , but simultaneous deletion of both darTMtb -darGMtb does not alter viability of Mtb in vitro or in mice. The antitoxin, DarGMtb , forms a cytosolic complex with DNA-repair proteins that assembles independently of either DarTMtb or interaction with DNA. Depletion of DarGMtb alone is bactericidal, a phenotype that is rescued by expression of an orthologous antitoxin, DarGTaq , from Thermus aquaticus. Partial depletion of DarGMtb triggers a DNA-damage response and sensitizes Mtb to drugs targeting DNA metabolism and respiration. Induction of the DNA-damage response is essential for Mtb to survive partial DarGMtb -depletion and leads to a hypermutable phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Zaveri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laure Botella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linnan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua B Wallach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Szeri F, Lundkvist S, Donnelly S, Engelke UFH, Rhee K, Williams CJ, Sundberg JP, Wevers RA, Tomlinson RE, Jansen RS, van de Wetering K. The membrane protein ANKH is crucial for bone mechanical performance by mediating cellular export of citrate and ATP. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008884. [PMID: 32639996 PMCID: PMC7371198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein ANKH was known to prevent pathological mineralization of joints and was thought to export pyrophosphate (PPi) from cells. This did not explain, however, the presence of ANKH in tissues, such as brain, blood vessels and muscle. We now report that in cultured cells ANKH exports ATP, rather than PPi, and, unexpectedly, also citrate as a prominent metabolite. The extracellular ATP is rapidly converted into PPi, explaining the role of ANKH in preventing ankylosis. Mice lacking functional Ank (Ankank/ank mice) had plasma citrate concentrations that were 65% lower than those detected in wild type control animals. Consequently, citrate excretion via the urine was substantially reduced in Ankank/ank mice. Citrate was even undetectable in the urine of a human patient lacking functional ANKH. The hydroxyapatite of Ankank/ank mice contained dramatically reduced levels of both, citrate and PPi and displayed diminished strength. Our results show that ANKH is a critical contributor to extracellular citrate and PPi homeostasis and profoundly affects bone matrix composition and, consequently, bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Szeri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stefan Lundkvist
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Donnelly
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Udo F. H. Engelke
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kyu Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charlene J. Williams
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan E. Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Krisko TI, Nicholls HT, Bare CJ, Holman CD, Putzel GG, Jansen RS, Sun N, Rhee KY, Banks AS, Cohen DE. Dissociation of Adaptive Thermogenesis from Glucose Homeostasis in Microbiome-Deficient Mice. Cell Metab 2020; 31:592-604.e9. [PMID: 32084379 PMCID: PMC7888548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a key mechanism whereby the gut microbiome influences energy balance and glucose homeostasis is through the recruitment of brown and beige adipocytes, primary mediators of the adaptive thermogenic response. To test this, we assessed energy expenditure and glucose metabolism in two complementary mouse models of gut microbial deficiency, which were exposed to a broad range of thermal and dietary stresses. Neither ablation of the gut microbiome, nor the substantial microbial perturbations induced by cold ambient temperatures, influenced energy expenditure during cold exposure or high-fat feeding. Nevertheless, we demonstrated a critical role for gut microbial metabolism in maintaining euglycemia through the production of amino acid metabolites that optimized hepatic TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle fluxes in support of gluconeogenesis. These results distinguish the dispensability of the gut microbiome for the regulation of energy expenditure from its critical contribution to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor I Krisko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hayley T Nicholls
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Curtis J Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Corey D Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Natalie Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence has left little doubt about the importance of persistence or metabolism in the biology and chemotherapy of tuberculosis. However, knowledge of the intersection between these two factors has only recently begun to emerge. Here, we provide a focused review of metabolic characteristics associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence. We focus on metabolism because it is the biochemical foundation of all physiologic processes and a distinguishing hallmark of M. tuberculosis physiology and pathogenicity. In addition, it serves as the chemical interface between host and pathogen. Existing knowledge, however, derives largely from physiologic contexts in which replication is the primary biochemical objective. The goal of this review is to reframe current knowledge of M. tuberculosis metabolism in the context of persistence, where quiescence is often a key distinguishing characteristic. Such a perspective may help ongoing efforts to develop more efficient cures and inform on novel strategies to break the cycle of transmission sustaining the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Hartman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Robert S. Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Susana Gardete
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kyu Y. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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16
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Dubbelman AC, Nijenhuis CM, Jansen RS, Rosing H, Mizuo H, Kawaguchi S, Critchley D, Shumaker R, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Metabolite profiling of the multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib: a cross-species comparison. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:300-18. [PMID: 27018262 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is an oral, multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Preclinical drug metabolism studies showed unique metabolic pathways for lenvatinib in monkeys and rats. A human mass balance study demonstrated that lenvatinib related material is mainly excreted via feces with a small fraction as unchanged parent drug, but little is reported about its metabolic fate. The objective of the current study was to further elucidate the metabolic pathways of lenvatinib in humans and to compare these results to the metabolism in rats and monkeys. To this end, we used plasma, urine and feces collected in a human mass balance study after a single 24 mg (100 μCi) oral dose of (14)C-lenvatinib. Metabolites of (14)C-lenvatinib were identified using liquid chromatography (high resolution) mass spectrometry with off-line radioactivity detection. Close to 50 lenvatinib-related compounds were detected. In humans, unchanged lenvatinib accounted for 97 % of the radioactivity in plasma, and comprised 0.38 and 2.5 % of the administered dose excreted in urine and feces, respectively. The primary biotransformation pathways of lenvatinib were hydrolysis, oxidation and hydroxylation, N-oxidation, dealkylation and glucuronidation. Various combinations of these conversions with modifications, including hydrolysis, gluthathione/cysteine conjugation, intramolecular rearrangement and dimerization, were observed. Some metabolites seem to be unique to the investigated species (human, rat, monkey). Because all lenvatinib metabolites in human plasma were at very low levels compared to lenvatinib, only lenvatinib is expected to contribute to the pharmacological effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Louwesweg 6, 1066 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Cynthia M Nijenhuis
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Louwesweg 6, 1066 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Louwesweg 6, 1066 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Louwesweg 6, 1066 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Mizuo
- Eisai Co. Ltd., Drug metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Japan, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinki Kawaguchi
- Eisai Co. Ltd., Drug metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Japan, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - David Critchley
- Eisai Ltd., Chief Clinical Officer Department, Clinical Pharmacology, Hatfield, UK
| | - Robert Shumaker
- Eisai Inc., Oncology Product Creation Unit, Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Medicine, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Louwesweg 6, 1066 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Rijpma SR, van der Velden M, Bilos A, Jansen RS, Mahakena S, Russel FGM, Sauerwein RW, van de Wetering K, Koenderink JB. MRP1 mediates folate transport and antifolate sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:482-92. [PMID: 26900081 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) of Plasmodium falciparum have been associated with altered drug sensitivity. Knowledge on MRP substrate specificity is indispensible for the characterization of resistance mechanisms and identifying its physiological roles. An untargeted metabolomics approach detected decreased folate concentrations in red blood cells infected with schizont stage parasites lacking expression of MRP1. Furthermore, a tenfold decrease in sensitivity toward the folate analog methotrexate was detected for parasites lacking MRP1. PfMRP1 is involved in the export of folate from parasites into red blood cells and is therefore a relevant factor for efficient malaria treatment through the folate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna R Rijpma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Velden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bilos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Jansen RS, Mahakena S, de Haas M, Borst P, van de Wetering K. ATP-binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 5 (ABCC5) Functions as an Efflux Transporter of Glutamate Conjugates and Analogs. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30429-40. [PMID: 26515061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous efflux transporter ABCC5 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5) is present at high levels in the blood-brain barrier, neurons, and glia, but its in vivo substrates and function are not known. Using untargeted metabolomic screens, we show that Abcc5(-/-) mice accumulate endogenous glutamate conjugates in several tissues, but brain in particular. The abundant neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate was 2.4-fold higher in Abcc5(-/-) brain. The metabolites that accumulated in Abcc5(-/-) tissues were depleted in cultured cells that overexpressed human ABCC5. In a vesicular membrane transport assay, ABCC5 also transported exogenous glutamate analogs, like the classic excitotoxic neurotoxins kainic acid, domoic acid, and NMDA; the therapeutic glutamate analog ZJ43; and, as previously shown, the anti-cancer drug methotrexate. Glutamate conjugates and analogs are of physiological relevance because they can affect the function of glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. After CO2 asphyxiation, several immediate early genes were expressed at lower levels in Abcc5(-/-) brains than in wild type brains, suggesting altered glutamate signaling. Our results show that ABCC5 is a general glutamate conjugate and analog transporter that affects the disposition of endogenous metabolites, toxins, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Haas
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Keizer RJ, Jansen RS, Rosing H, Thijssen B, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Huitema ADR. Incorporation of concentration data below the limit of quantification in population pharmacokinetic analyses. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00131. [PMID: 26038706 PMCID: PMC4448983 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Handling of data below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), below the limit of quantification (BLOQ) in population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses is important for reducing bias and imprecision in parameter estimation. We aimed to evaluate whether using the concentration data below the LLOQ has superior performance over several established methods. The performance of this approach (“All data”) was evaluated and compared to other methods: “Discard,” “LLOQ/2,” and “LIKE” (likelihood-based). An analytical and residual error model was constructed on the basis of in-house analytical method validations and analyses from literature, with additional included variability to account for model misspecification. Simulation analyses were performed for various levels of BLOQ, several structural PopPK models, and additional influences. Performance was evaluated by relative root mean squared error (RMSE), and run success for the various BLOQ approaches. Performance was also evaluated for a real PopPK data set. For all PopPK models and levels of censoring, RMSE values were lowest using “All data.” Performance of the “LIKE” method was better than the “LLOQ/2” or “Discard” method. Differences between all methods were small at the lowest level of BLOQ censoring. “LIKE” method resulted in low successful minimization (<50%) and covariance step success (<30%), although estimates were obtained in most runs (∼90%). For the real PK data set (7.4% BLOQ), similar parameter estimates were obtained using all methods. Incorporation of BLOQ concentrations showed superior performance in terms of bias and precision over established BLOQ methods, and shown to be feasible in a real PopPK analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron J Keizer
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco Box 2911, San Francisco, California, 94143 ; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Thijssen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Division of Drug Toxicology, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Drug Toxicology, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Hospital/the Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jansen RS, Duijst S, Mahakena S, Sommer D, Szeri F, Váradi A, Plomp A, Bergen AA, Oude Elferink RPJ, Borst P, van de Wetering K. ABCC6-mediated ATP secretion by the liver is the main source of the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate in the systemic circulation-brief report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1985-9. [PMID: 24969777 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in ABCC6 underlie the ectopic mineralization disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and some forms of generalized arterial calcification of infancy, both of which affect the cardiovascular system. Using cultured cells, we recently showed that ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6 (ABCC6) mediates the cellular release of ATP, which is extracellularly rapidly converted into AMP and the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). The current study was performed to determine which tissues release ATP in an ABCC6-dependent manner in vivo, where released ATP is converted into AMP and PPi, and whether human PXE ptients have low plasma PPi concentrations. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using cultured primary hepatocytes and in vivo liver perfusion experiments, we found that ABCC6 mediates the direct, sinusoidal, release of ATP from the liver. Outside hepatocytes, but still within the liver vasculature, released ATP is converted into AMP and PPi. The absence of functional ABCC6 in patients with PXE leads to strongly reduced plasma PPi concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic ABCC6-mediated ATP release is the main source of circulating PPi, revealing an unanticipated role of the liver in systemic PPi homeostasis. Patients with PXE have a strongly reduced plasma PPi level, explaining their mineralization disorder. Our results indicate that systemic PPi is relatively stable and that PXE, generalized arterial calcification of infancy, and other ectopic mineralization disorders could be treated with PPi supplementation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Suzanne Duijst
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Daniela Sommer
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Flóra Szeri
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - András Váradi
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Astrid Plomp
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Arthur A Bergen
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Piet Borst
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.)
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.S.J., S.M., D.S., P.B., K.v.d.W.); Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.D., R.P.J.O.E.); Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (F.S., A.V.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.P., A.A.B.); and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.A.B.).
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Dubbelman AC, Jansen RS, Rosing H, Darwish M, Hellriegel E, Robertson P, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Metabolite profiling of bendamustine in urine of cancer patients after administration of [14C]bendamustine. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1297-307. [PMID: 22492615 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bendamustine is an alkylating agent consisting of a mechlorethamine derivative, a benzimidazole group, and a butyric acid substituent. A human mass balance study showed that bendamustine is extensively metabolized and subsequently excreted in urine. However, limited information is available on the metabolite profile of bendamustine in human urine. The objective of this study was to elucidate the metabolic pathways of bendamustine in humans by identification of its metabolites excreted in urine. Human urine samples were collected up to 168 h after an intravenous infusion of 120 mg/m(2) (80-95 μCi) [(14)C]bendamustine. Metabolites of [(14)C]bendamustine were identified using liquid chromatography (high-resolution)-tandem mass spectrometry with off-line radioactivity detection. Bendamustine and a total of 25 bendamustine-related compounds were detected. Observed metabolic conversions at the benzimidazole and butyric acid moiety were N-demethylation and γ-hydroxylation. In addition, various other combinations of these conversions with modifications at the mechlorethamine moiety were observed, including hydrolysis (the primary metabolic pathway), cysteine conjugation, and subsequent biotransformation to mercapturic acid and thiol derivatives, N-dealkylation, oxidation, and conjugation with phosphate, creatinine, and uric acid. Bendamustine-derived products containing phosphate, creatinine, and uric acid conjugates were also detected in control urine incubated with bendamustine. Metabolites that were excreted up to 168 h after the infusion included products of dihydrolysis and cysteine conjugation of bendamustine and γ-hydroxybendamustine. The range of metabolic reactions is generally consistent with those reported for rat urine and bile, suggesting that the overall processes involved in metabolic elimination are qualitatively the same in rats and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Wijermans PW, Keizer RJ, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Decitabine triphosphate levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients receiving prolonged low-dose decitabine administration: a pilot study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 69:1457-66. [PMID: 22382880 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decitabine is a nucleoside analog used in the treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome. The compound requires intracellular conversion to its triphosphate to become active. Decitabine triphosphate has, however, never been quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients. METHOD This article describes a method for the quantitative determination of decitabine triphosphate in PBMCs using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method was applied to ex vivo incubated whole blood samples and samples from three patients receiving prolonged low-dose decitabine treatment. RESULTS We successfully quantitated decitabine triphosphate in PBMCs. Considerable levels were detected in PBMCs from two patients that responded well to therapy, whereas only low levels were present in a non-responding patient. Moreover, the data show that, in contrast to plasma decitabine, intracellular decitabine triphosphate accumulates during a treatment cycle of nine infusions at a dose of 15 mg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a relationship between decitabine triphosphate levels and response to therapy. Based on the observed accumulation of decitabine triphosphate during a treatment cycle, a less intensive dose scheme could be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dubbelman AC, Rosing H, Jansen RS, Mergui-Roelvink M, Huitema ADR, Koetz B, Lymboura M, Reyderman L, Lopez-Anaya A, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Mass balance study of [¹⁴C]eribulin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:313-21. [PMID: 22041109 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This mass balance study investigated the metabolism and excretion of eribulin, a nontaxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor with a novel mechanism of action, in patients with advanced solid tumors. A single approximately 2 mg (approximately 80 μCi) dose of [¹⁴C]eribulin acetate was administered as a 2 to 5 min bolus injection to six patients on day 1. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected at specified time points on days 1 to 8 or until sample radioactivity was ≤1% of the administered dose. Mean plasma eribulin exposure (627 ng · h/ml) was comparable with that of total radioactivity (568 ng Eq · h/ml). Time-matched concentration ratios of eribulin to total radioactivity approached unity in blood and plasma, indicating that unchanged parent compound constituted almost all of the eribulin-derived radioactivity. Only minor metabolites were detected in plasma samples up to 60 min postdose, pooled across patients, each metabolite representing ≤0.6% of eribulin. Elimination half-lives for eribulin (45.6 h) and total radioactivity (42.3 h) were comparable. Eribulin-derived radioactivity excreted in feces was 81.5%, and that of unchanged eribulin was 61.9%. Renal clearance (0.301 l/h) was a minor component of total eribulin clearance (3.93 l/h). Eribulin-derived radioactivity excreted in urine (8.9%) was comparable with that of unchanged eribulin (8.1%), indicating minimal excretion of metabolite(s) in urine. Total recovery of the radioactive dose was 90.4% in urine and feces. Overall, no major metabolites of eribulin were detected in plasma. Eribulin is eliminated primarily unchanged in feces, whereas urine constitutes a minor route of elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Koolen SLW, Witteveen PO, Jansen RS, Langenberg MHG, Kronemeijer RH, Nol A, Garcia-Ribas I, Callies S, Benhadji KA, Slapak CA, Beijnen JH, Voest EE, Schellens JHM. Phase I study of Oral gemcitabine prodrug (LY2334737) alone and in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:6071-82. [PMID: 21753156 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE LY2334737 is an orally available prodrug of gemcitabine. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicities (DLT) of daily administration of LY2334737 with or without erlotinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer were treated with escalating doses of LY2334737 monotherapy or in combination with continuous daily administration of 100 mg erlotinib. LY2334737 was given once daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The study was extended with a bioequivalence trial to investigate a novel LY2334737 drug formulation. RESULTS A total of 65 patients were treated in this study. The MTD was 40 mg LY2334737. Fatigue was the most frequent DLT for LY2334737 monotherapy (4 patients) followed by elevated transaminase levels (2 patients), both observed at the 40- to 50-mg dose levels. Among the 10 patients in the combination arm, 2 had DLTs at the 40-mg dose level. These were fatigue and elevated liver enzyme levels. The most common adverse events were fatigue (n = 38), nausea (n = 27), vomiting (n = 24), diarrhea (n = 23), anorexia (n = 20), pyrexia (n = 18), and elevated transaminase levels (n = 14). The pharmacokinetics showed dose proportional increase in LY2334737 and gemcitabine exposure. The metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine accumulated with an accumulation index of 4.3 (coefficient of variation: 20%). In one patient, complete response in prostate-specific antigen was observed for 4 cycles, and stable disease was achieved in 22 patients overall. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the 2 investigated LY2334737 drug formulations were bioequivalent. CONCLUSIONS LY2334737 displays linear pharmacokinetics and the MTD is 40 mg with or without daily administration of 100 mg erlotinib. Signs of antitumor activity warrant further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn L W Koolen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands.
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Deoxyuridine analog nucleotides in deoxycytidine analog treatment: secondary active metabolites? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:172-85. [PMID: 20199587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deoxycytidine analogs (dCa's) are nucleosides widely used in anticancer and anti (retro) viral therapies. Intracellularly phosphorylated dCa anabolites are considered to be their main active metabolites. This article reviews the literature on the formation and pharmacological activity of deaminated dCa nucleotides. Most dCa's are rapidly deaminated into deoxyuridine analogs (dUa's) which are only slowly phosphorylated and therefore relatively inactive. dUa nucleotides are, however, also formed via deamination of dCa monophosphates by deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase (dCMPD). dUa-monophosphates can interact with thymidylate synthase (TS), whereas dUa-triphosphates are incorporated into nucleic acids and interfere with polymerases. Administration of dCa's as monophosphate prodrugs or co-administration of the cytidine deaminase inhibitor tetrahydrouridine (THU) does not prevent dUa nucleotide formation which is, on the other hand, influenced by the dose and dCMPD activity. Taken together, these observations show that the formation of dUa nucleotides is a common phenomenon in treatment with dCa's and these compounds may play a role in treatment outcome. We conclude that more attention should be given to these relatively unknown, but potentially important metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Joerger M, Burgers JA, Baas P, Doodeman VD, Smits PHM, Jansen RS, Vainchtein LD, Rosing H, Huitema ADR, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Gene polymorphisms, pharmacokinetics, and hematological toxicity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving cisplatin/gemcitabine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:25-33. [PMID: 21590444 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study quantified the impact of drug pathway-associated genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Thirty-seven patients with advanced NSCLC were sampled for plasma concentrations of gemcitabine, difluoro-deoxy uridine (dFdU), intracellular gemcitabine triphosphates (dFdCTP), and unbound platinum concentrations after gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) i.v. followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m(2). We analyzed 13 germline single nucleotide polymorphisms and one deletion-glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1-within six drug pathway-associated genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, cytidine deaminase (CDA), solute carrier (SLC) 28A1, SLC28A2, and deoxycytidine kinase). PK models were fitted to the data using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, and genetic data were tested on drug PK and hematological toxicity. RESULTS Patients carrying the nonsynonymous CDA SNP 79A >C (CDA*2) had a 21% lower gemcitabine clearance as compared to wild-type patients (outcomes and complications.0.0009), but the risk for chemotherapy-associated neutropenia (61% vs. 32%, P = 0.07) and severe neutropenia (17% vs. 5%, P = 0.26) was not significantly higher. Other gene polymorphisms were not associated with drug PK parameters or hematological toxicity. The known functional mutant variant CDA*3 was not found in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Although the mutant CDA*2 allele results in an increased exposure to gemcitabine in Caucasian patients, this study gives no definite conclusion on the clinical relevance of this finding. Further studies should look into the relationship between CDA genotypes, plasmatic CDA activity, and clinical outcome in patients receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joerger
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Mass spectrometry in the quantitative analysis of therapeutic intracellular nucleotide analogs. Mass Spectrom Rev 2011; 30:321-343. [PMID: 20623700 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs are widely used in anti-cancer, anti-(retro)viral, and immunosuppressive therapy. Nucleosides are prodrugs that require intracellular activation to mono-, di-, and finally triphosphates. Monitoring of these intracellular nucleotides is important to understand their pharmacology. The relatively involatile salts and ion-pairing agents traditionally used for the separation of these ionic analytes limit the applicability of mass spectrometry (MS) for detection. Both indirect and direct methods have been developed to circumvent this apparent incompatibility. Indirect methods consist of de-phosphorylation of the nucleotides into nucleosides before the actual analysis. Various direct approaches have been developed, ranging from the use of relatively volatile or very low levels of regular ion-pairing agents, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), weak anion-exchange, or porous graphitic carbon columns to capillary electrophoresis and matrix-assisted light desorption--time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. In this review we present an overview of the publications describing the quantitative analysis of therapeutic intracellular nucleotide analogs using MS. The focus is on the different approaches for their direct analysis. We conclude that despite the technical hurdles, several useful MS-compatible chromatographic approaches have been developed, enabling the use of the excellent selectivity and sensitivity of MS for the quantitative analysis of intracellular nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Facile small scale synthesis of nucleoside 5'-phosphate mixtures. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2010; 29:14-26. [PMID: 20391189 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903451546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a facile method to phosphorylate small amounts of nucleosides (0.05 mumol) into mixtures of their 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates in a one-pot reaction. The nucleosides were first converted into their dichlorophosphates using a large excess (15-18 equivalents) of phosphorous oxychloride in trimethylphosphate. The large excess resulted in good dichlorophosphate yields (46-76%) for the four nucleosides tested. Upon the addition of tributylammonium-phosphate with additional tributylamine (20 equivalents both), the dichlorophosphate was converted into a mixture containing equal amounts of the mono-, di-, and triphosphate. The presented method was successfully applied to synthesize mixtures of stable isotope labeled nucleotides, which can be used as internal standards in quantitative mass spectrometric assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Kromdijk W, ter Heine R, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. Simultaneous quantification of emtricitabine and tenofovir nucleotides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:621-7. [PMID: 20122883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir (TFV) are widely used antiviral agents that require intracellular phosphorylation to become active. This article describes the development and validation of an assay for the simultaneous quantification of FTC mono-, di- and triphosphate (FTC-MP, -DP and -TP), TFV and TFV mono- and diphosphate (TFV-MP and -DP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Reference compounds and internal standards were obtained by thermal degradation of FTC-TP, TFV-DP, stable isotope-labeled TFV-DP and stable isotope-labeled cytosine triphosphate. Cells were lysed in methanol:water (70:30, v/v) and the extracted nucleotides were analyzed using weak anion-exchange chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Calibration ranges in PBMC lysate from 0.727 to 36.4, 1.33 to 66.4 and 1.29 to 64.6 nM for FTC-MP, FTC-DP and FTC-TP and from 1.51 to 75.6, 1.54 to 77.2 and 2.54 to 127 nM for TFV, TFV-MP and TFV-DP, respectively, were validated. Accuracies were within -10.3 and 16.7% deviation at the lower limit of quantification at which the coefficients of variation were less than 18.2%. At the other tested levels accuracies were within -14.3 and 9.81% deviation and the coefficients of variation lower than 14.7%. The stability of the compounds was assessed under various analytically relevant conditions. The method was successfully applied to clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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de Jong E, Haverkort ME, ter Heine R, Jansen RS, Beijnen JH, van Agtmael MA. Toxic intracellular anabolite levels of tenofovir and didanosine causing a steep CD4-cell decline. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3113103 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Simultaneous quantification of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine and 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine nucleosides and nucleotides in white blood cells using porous graphitic carbon chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:3040-3050. [PMID: 19705384 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel assay for the simultaneous quantification of the widely used anticancer agent 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine; dFdC), its deaminated metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) and their mono-, di- and triphosphates (dFdCMP, dFdCDP, dFdCTP, dFdUMP, dFdUDP and dFdUTP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is described. Separation of all eight compounds was achieved within 15 min using a porous graphitic carbon column (Hypercarb) with a gradient from 0 to 25 mM ammonium bicarbonate in acetonitrile/water (15:85, v/v). Calibration ranges in PBMC lysate from 4.29 to 429, 29.0 to 2900, 31.4 to 3140 and 36.9 to 3690 nM for dFdC, dFdCMP, dFdCDP and dFdCTP and from 42.1 to 4210, 25.4 to 2540, 43.2 to 4320 and 52.7 to 5270 nM for dFdU, dFdUMP, dFdUDP and dFdUTP, respectively, were validated. Accuracies were within 82.3-119% at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and the precisions were less than 20.0%. At the other tested levels accuracies were within 91.4-114% and precisions less than 14.9%. Mixtures of (13)C,(15)N(2)-labeled dFdC and dFdU nucleotides were synthesized and used as internal standards. Whole blood samples showed extensive ongoing dFdC metabolism when stored at room temperature, but not on ice-water, which made the addition of enzyme inhibitors unnecessary. Stock solutions and samples were stable under all analytically relevant conditions. The method was successfully applied to clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Koolen SLW, Huitema ADR, Jansen RS, van Voorthuizen T, Beijnen JH, Smit WM, Schellens JHM. Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and metabolites in a patient with double-sided nephrectomy: a case report and review of the literature. Oncologist 2009; 14:944-8. [PMID: 19726456 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE A patient with complete renal failure as a result of urothelial cell carcinoma-related nephrectomy of both kidneys received palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and gemcitabine. TREATMENT The patient received gemcitabine at 1,000 mg/m(2) followed by carboplatin at 100 mg. Shortly after, he underwent hemodialysis. The pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and metabolites in plasma and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were monitored. RESULTS Double-sided nephrectomy and hemodialysis had no influence on gemcitabine pharmacokinetics; however, a high exposure was seen for the main metabolite, difluordeoxyuridine (dFdU) (area under the concentration-time curve, 0-51 hours, 844 microg/ml.hour). During hemodialysis, plasma concentrations of dFdU were reduced by 50%. High concentrations of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites (gemcitabine triphosphate and dFdU triphosphate) were observed: 228 pmol/10(6) cells and 47 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. The patient tolerated the regimen poorly; adverse events included grade 4 thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION Hemodialysis effectively reduced plasma concentrations of dFdU. Furthermore, high concentrations of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites may be related to double-sided nephrectomy, resulting in poor tolerability of gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Protein versus DNA as a marker for peripheral blood mononuclear cell counting. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:863-7. [PMID: 19685233 PMCID: PMC2745619 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of intracellular analytes requires an accurate and precise assay not only for the quantitation of the analytes, but also for the quantitation of the number of cells in which they were determined. In this technical note we compare protein and DNA as markers for the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from whole blood. The protein content of samples was highly influenced by red blood cell contamination and was, therefore, a less suitable marker. The DNA-based method was unaffected by red blood cell contamination and was finally validated over a range from 10 × 106 to 300 × 106 PBMCs/mL. Protein concentration (green) and DNA-based peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) count (blue) versus cell count obtained using a haemocytometer ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066, EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Oostendorp RL, Huitema A, Rosing H, Jansen RS, Ter Heine R, Keessen M, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Coadministration of ritonavir strongly enhances the apparent oral bioavailability of docetaxel in patients with solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4228-33. [PMID: 19509162 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enhance the systemic exposure to oral docetaxel by coadministration of ritonavir, an efficacious inhibitor of CYP 3A4 with minor P-glycoprotein inhibiting effects, in patients with cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A proof-of-concept study was carried out in 12 patients with solid tumors. The first cohort of patients (n = 4) received 10 mg and the subsequent cohort (n = 8) 100 mg of oral docetaxel, coadministered with 100 mg oral ritonavir randomized simultaneously or ritonavir given 60 minutes before docetaxel on days 1 and 8. On day 15 or 22, patients received 100 mg i.v. docetaxel. RESULTS The area under the plasma concentration-time curve in patients who received 10 mg oral docetaxel in combination with ritonavir was low, and the dose could safely be increased to 100 mg. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve in patients who received 100 mg oral docetaxel combined with ritonavir simultaneously or ritonavir given 60 minutes before docetaxel was 2.4 +/- 1.5 and 2.8 +/- 1.4 mg/h/L, respectively, compared with 1.9 +/- 0.4 mg/h/L after i.v. docetaxel. The apparent oral bioavailability of docetaxel combined with ritonavir simultaneously or ritonavir given 60 minutes before docetaxel was 131% +/- 90% and 161% +/- 91%, respectively. The oral combination of docetaxel and ritonavir was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Coadministration of ritonavir significantly enhanced the apparent oral bioavailability of docetaxel. These data are promising and form the basis for further development of a clinically applicable oral formulation of docetaxel combined with ritonavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos L Oostendorp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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ter Heine R, Huitema ADR, Jansen RS, Smits PHM, van Gorp ECM, Wagenaar JFP, Beijnen JH, Mulder JW. Prolonged exposure to tenofovir monotherapy 1 month after treatment discontinuation because of tenofovir-related renal failure. Antivir Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350901400202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a case of renal failure in a patient who was on a tenofovir- containing regimen, resulting in extremely high tenofovir exposure and prolonged tenofovir monotherapy. We considered this case report important because exposure to tenofovir monotherapy might have consequences for future discontinuation strategies in cases of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin DR Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul HM Smits
- Department of Molecular Biology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric CM van Gorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jiri FP Wagenaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ter Heine R, Huitema AD, Jansen RS, Smits PH, van Gorp EC, Wagenaar JF, Beijnen JH, Mulder JW. Prolonged exposure to tenofovir monotherapy 1 month after treatment discontinuation because of tenofovir-related renal failure. Antivir Ther 2009; 14:299-301. [PMID: 19430105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a case of renal failure in a patient who was on a tenofovir-containing regimen, resulting in extremely high tenofovir exposure and prolonged tenofovir monotherapy. We considered this case report important because exposure to tenofovir monotherapy might have consequences for future discontinuation strategies in cases of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Veltkamp SA, Jansen RS, Callies S, Pluim D, Visseren-Grul CM, Rosing H, Kloeker-Rhoades S, Andre VAM, Beijnen JH, Slapak CA, Schellens JHM. Oral administration of gemcitabine in patients with refractory tumors: a clinical and pharmacologic study. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3477-86. [PMID: 18519780 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the toxicity, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of oral gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine; dFdC) in patients with cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer refractory to standard therapy were eligible. Gemcitabine was administered p.o. starting at 1 mg once daily using dose escalation with three patients per dose level. Patients received one of two dosing schemes: (a) once daily dosing for 14 days of a 21-day cycle or (b) every other day dosing for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Pharmacokinetics were assessed by measuring concentrations of dFdC and 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) in plasma and gemcitabine triphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and pharmacodynamics by measuring the effect on T-cell proliferation. RESULTS Thirty patients entered the study. Oral gemcitabine was generally well-tolerated. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Mainly moderate gastrointestinal toxicities occurred except for one patient who died after experiencing grade 4 hepatic failure during cycle two. One patient with a leiomyosarcoma had stable disease during 2 years and 7 months. Systemic exposure to dFdC was low with an estimated bioavailability of 10%. dFdC was highly converted to dFdU, probably via first pass metabolism and dFdU had a long terminal half-life ( approximately 89 h). Concentrations of dFdCTP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were low, but high levels of gemcitabine triphosphate, the phosphorylated metabolite of dFdU, were detected. CONCLUSIONS Systemic exposure to oral gemcitabine was low due to extensive first-pass metabolism to dFdU. Moderate toxicity combined with hints of activity warrant further investigation of the concept of prolonged exposure to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Veltkamp
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Jansen RS, Rosing H, de Wolf CJF, Beijnen JH. Development and validation of an assay for the quantitative determination of cladribine nucleotides in MDCKII cells and culture medium using weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007; 21:4049-4059. [PMID: 18008286 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development and validation of an assay for the quantitative analysis of cladribine mono-, di- and triphosphate (2-chloro, 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-mono-, di- and triphosphate or 2CdAMP, 2CdADP and 2CdATP) in culture medium (Optimem) and cell lysate is described. Cladribine mono- and diphosphate reference compounds were obtained by thermal degradation of cladribine triphosphate. The reference compounds were characterized using ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The bioanalytical assay for 2CdAMP, 2CdADP and 2CdATP is based on weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode (WAXLC/MS/MS). A fused-silica electrospray capillary was used instead of a stainless steel electrospray capillary to minimize adsorption of analytes and thus decrease variation in the analyte signals. Dynamic ranges of 1.11-27.7, 0.550-55.0 and 1.31-52.3 nM for 2CdAMP, 2CdADP and 2CdATP, respectively, were validated in culture medium and cell lysate. Optimem samples required stabilization with 30% methanol to prevent conversion of 2CdATP into 2CdAMP and 2CdADP. All intra- and interday accuracies and precisions were within +/-20%. The stability of the compounds was assessed under various analytically relevant conditions. The method was successfully used to investigate cladribine nucleotide transport in vitro in Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Veltkamp SA, Hillebrand MJX, Rosing H, Jansen RS, Wickremsinhe ER, Perkins EJ, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Quantitative analysis of gemcitabine triphosphate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2006; 41:1633-42. [PMID: 17117372 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine triphosphate (dFdCTP) is a highly active metabolite of gemcitabine. It is formed intra-cellularly via the phosphorylation of gemcitabine by deoxycytidine kinase. The monitoring of dFdCTP in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in addition to plasma concentrations of gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, is considered very useful in determining pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. We describe a novel sensitive assay for the quantification of dFdCTP in human PBMCs. The method is based on weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The assay has been validated from 1 ng/ml (lower limit of quantification, LLOQ) to 25 ng/ml (upper limit of quantification, ULOQ) using 180 microl aliquots of PBMC extracts containing approximately 0.648 mg protein or 3.8 x 10(6) lysed PBMCs. The LLOQ is equivalent to 94 fmol/10(6) cells (1 ng/ml = 0.18 ng/180 microl or 0.18 ng/0.648 mg protein = 0.047 ng/10(6) cells or 94 fmol/10(6) cells). This highly sensitive assay is capable of quantifying about 200-fold lower concentrations of dFdCTP in human PBMCs than currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Veltkamp
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lagas JS, Vlaming ML, van Tellingen O, Wagenaar E, Jansen RS, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Multidrug resistance protein 2 is an important determinant of paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6125-32. [PMID: 17062689 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1) efficiently transports lipophilic amphipathic drugs, including the widely used anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol). We found previously that human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) also transports paclitaxel in vitro, and although we expected that paclitaxel pharmacokinetics would be dominated by P-gp, the effect of Mrp2 was tested in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated and characterized Mdr1a/1b/Mrp2(-/-) mice, allowing assessment of the distinct roles of Mrp2 and Mdr1a/1b P-gp in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Surprisingly, the effect of Mrp2 on i.v. administration of paclitaxel was as great as that of P-gp. The area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)i.v. in both Mrp2(-/-) and Mdr1a/1b(-/-) mice was 1.3-fold higher than in wild-type mice, and in Mdr1a/1b/Mrp2(-/-) mice, a 1.7-fold increase was found. In spite of this similar effect, Mrp2 and P-gp had mostly complementary functions in paclitaxel elimination. Mrp2 dominated the hepatobiliary excretion, which was reduced by 80% in Mrp2(-/-) mice. In contrast, P-gp dominated the direct intestinal excretion, with a minor role for Mrp2. The AUCoral of paclitaxel was 8.5-fold increased by Mdr1a/1b deficiency but not affected by Mrp2 deficiency. However, in the absence of Mdr1a/1b P-gp, additional Mrp2 deficiency increased the AUCoral another 1.7-fold. CONCLUSIONS Thus far, Mrp2 was thought to mainly affect organic anionic drugs in vivo. Our data show that Mrp2 can also be a major determinant of the pharmacokinetic behavior of highly lipophilic anticancer drugs, even in the presence of other efficient transporters. Variation in MRP2 activity might thus directly affect the effective exposure to paclitaxel, on i.v. administration, but also on oral administration, especially when P-gp activity is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen S Lagas
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jansen RS. Ergonomics in aviation. Appl Ergon 1986; 17:250-251. [PMID: 15676590 DOI: 10.1016/0003-6870(86)90125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R S Jansen
- Department of Aviation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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