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Steen C, Cho YM, Scott M, Jain A, Balakrishnan V, Keck J, An V, Chandra R. Local anaesthetic for pain post rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids: a prospective, single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:867-872. [PMID: 36856913 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubber band ligation (RBL) is a widely accepted intervention for the treatment of haemorrhoids. However, post procedure pain is a common complaint. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of local anaesthetic (LA) to the haemorrhoid pedicle base, post RBL, aids in reducing early post-procedure pain. Additionally, to compare perceived perianal numbness, oral analgesia usage and total consumption, and adverse events. METHODS This study was a prospective, single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Patients were recruited from colorectal clinics in two Australian hospitals between 2018-2019. Patients randomised to the intervention (LA) group received 2mls bupivacaine 0.5% with adrenaline 1:200,000 to each haemorrhoid base. Patients in the control group were not administered LA. Pain scores were recorded over 48 h using visual analogue scales. Analgesia consumption was documented and other secondary objectives were recorded dichotomously (yes/no). RESULTS At 1 h post-procedure, patient reported pain scores were significantly lower in the LA group compared to the control group (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in pain scores between the groups at 4, 24 or 48 h. Additionally, there were no significant differences between groups with respect to oral analgesia usage, perianal numbness or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS LA to the haemorrhoid pedicle post RBL may significantly reduce early post procedure pain without any increased risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.
- University of Edinburgh, Masters of Surgical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK.
- Adjunct Research Associate, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Y M Cho
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Scott
- Swinburne University, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Jain
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Balakrishnan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Keck
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - V An
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Monash University, Eastern Clinical School, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Monash University, Eastern Clinical School, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
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Al-Bayati M, Mohammed B, Hassan FIA, Tanami SA, Sleem M, Chandra R. A case of rhabdomyolysis following a crossfit session in a young healthy male athlete. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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3
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Hasan M, Natha C, Chandra R. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an atypical presentation with a potentially delayed diagnosis. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Patel AS, K S, Menon R, Basak A, Chandra R, Mitra S, Roy A. A 500 kV, 10 kA, 40 ns coaxial Marx generator pulser for cable fed flash x-ray system. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:104708. [PMID: 36319316 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flash x-ray (FXR) systems are used for dynamic radiography. Depending on the speed of the object, these systems typically require a very short pulse duration (∼25 ns) for image acquisition without motion blur. The conventional Marx generators with zigzag discharge paths result in higher inductance; hence, they do not meet the requirement of shorter pulse duration (30-40 ns) and low impedance (40-60 Ω) simultaneously. A coaxial Marx generator has been designed and developed, which is capable of generating 500 kV peak voltages and 10 kA peak current within a 40 ns pulse duration. The CST simulation of the coaxial Marx generator has been carried out to validate the design parameters. The FXR electron beam diode is powered by this Marx generator. Experiments were carried out to measure the x-ray parameters like pulse width, source size, x-ray energy spectrum, penetration depth, and cone angle. The maximum measured x-ray dose was 62 mR at 1 m distance from the source window. The x-ray radiograph demonstrates a penetration depth of 32 mm in steel kept at 2.5 m distance from the source for 500 kV diode voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Patel
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Senthil K
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rakhee Menon
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ankan Basak
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Romesh Chandra
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Mitra
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amitava Roy
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Chandra R, Park J, Nguyen A, Girard L, Peyton M, Das A, Avila K, Gao B, Horrigan S, Brekken R, Minna J. EP08.02-130 Tegavivint Exhibits Antitumor Activity and Modulates Macrophage Phenotype in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Patel A, Chandra R, Basak A, K S, Roy A. Design, simulation, and development of bipolar pulse forming network based Marx generator for S band backward wave oscillator. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:094703. [PMID: 36182498 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulse power systems have a wide range of applications, one of which is microwave generation. Microwave emission is associated with a certain time delay between the application of a high voltage pulse and the generation of the microwave signal. This time delay is known as microwave delay time, and it depends on the time period of the microwave signal being generated. As the time period of the microwave signal increases, the required input electrical pulse duration also goes up. To achieve this, a pulse forming network (PFN) based Marx generator is proposed. The Bipolar Marx generator is preferred over the uni-polar Marx generator to obtain the high voltage high current pulse. This also helps in maintaining the impedance requirement for Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) devices that generate the microwave pulse. To the best of our knowledge, PFN based Marx generators have been developed up to 400 kV. Here, a bipolar Marx generator has been designed with ratings of 800 kV peak voltage, 10 kA peak current, and 150 ns flattop pulse duration. The design includes analytical calculations and numerical analysis by electromagnetic simulation. The triggering method to get a wide triggering range has also been discussed. The design values have also been experimentally verified, and the resulting parameters were applied to a BWO to simulate the microwave power that it can produce. A peak microwave power of ∼1 GW has been observed in the particle-in-cell simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Patel
- Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Romesh Chandra
- Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ankan Basak
- Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Senthil K
- Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Amitava Roy
- Accelerator and Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Ranasinghe R, Mazaheri T, Alhasani W, Chandra R, Vincent R, Rao N. Dynamics of lipid profile, lipoprotein (a) and HBA1C after one year of evolocumab. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Wilkie BD, Chandra R, Chua J, Lam DCS, Paratz ED, An V, Keck JO. Efficacy of postoperative oral metronidazole for haemorrhoidectomy pain: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:274-282. [PMID: 32750730 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to examine the efficacy of oral metronidazole in reducing posthaemorrhoidectomy pain versus placebo. METHOD Forty patients were randomized to either metronidazole and standard care or placebo and standard care (21 metronidazole, 19 placebo) in a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. The main outcome measure was posthaemorrhoidectomy pain scores over 21 days, measured on a 10-point Likert scale. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups with regards to age, gender, smoking status, self-reported general health or quality of life, haemorrhoid-related pain, haemorrhoid-related impact on quality of life, reported satisfaction with surgery, experience of surgery, median overall pain score or likelihood of recommending surgery to others. For reported median worst pain scores and defaecation-related pain, a trend to significance was identified between groups on days 16 and 18-21, with the metronidazole group reporting less pain. However, these differences were not significant when prespecified Bonferroni correction criteria were used. Using multilevel mixed effects modelling, the impact of time on median worst pain score was identified to be highly significant (P < 0.0001) whereas treatment allocation (placebo versus metronidazole) did not significantly affect the improvement in patients' reported pain (P = 0.8837). CONCLUSION Our data do not support the hypothesis that postoperative metronidazole has a clinically meaningful effect on posthaemorrhoidectomy pain. This study adds to the previous literature, and implies that it should not be routinely used as an adjunct to analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Wilkie
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Chua
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D C S Lam
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Northern Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - E D Paratz
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - V An
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J O Keck
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Despal D, Sari LA, Chandra R, Zahera R, Permana IG, Abdullah L. Prediction Accuracy Improvement of Indonesian Dairy Cattle Fiber Feed Compositions Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Local Database. Trop Anim Sci J 2020. [DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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Ranasinghe R, Vincent R, Chandra R, Rao N. Lipoprotein (a) and carotid intima media thickness as an adjunct to CVD risk assessment in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia or high cardiovascular risk. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Ranasinghe R, Chen B, Zeng H, Biswas M, Chandra R, Rao N. The Use Of Carotid Plaques To Compliment Simon Broome Criteria And Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score In Familial Hypercholesteroleamia (Fh). Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Perillo R, Akkermans G, Classen I, Vijvers W, Chandra R, Jesko K, Korving S, Vernimmen J, de Baar M. Experimental evidence of enhanced recombination of a hydrogen plasma induced by nitrogen seeding in linear device Magnum-PSI. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Chandra R, Fisher E, Jones T, Kennedy D, Kraus D, Krouse J, Link M, Lustig L, O'Malley B, Piccirillo J, Ruben R, Sataloff R, Sindwani R, Smith R, Stewart M, Weber P, Welling D, Youngs R. Open access: Is there a predator at the door? Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:415-416. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Khanam B, Chandra R. Comparative analysis of prodigiosin isolated from endophyte Serratia marcescens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:194-201. [PMID: 29283452 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extraction of pigments from endophytes is an uphill task. Up till now, there are no efficient methods available to extract the maximum amount of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens. This is one of the important endophytes of Beta vulgaris L. The present work was carried out for the comparative study of six different extraction methods such as homogenization, ultrasonication, freezing and thawing, heat treatment, organic solvents and inorganic acids to evaluate the efficiency of prodigiosin yield. Our results demonstrated that highest extraction was observed in ultrasonication (98·1 ± 1·7%) while the lowest extraction by freezing and thawing (31·8 ± 3·8%) methods. However, thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared data suggest that bioactive pigment in the extract was prodigiosin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of extraction methods and identification and purification of prodigiosin from cell biomass of Ser. marcescens isolated from Beta vulgaris L. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The prodigiosin family is a potent drug with anticancer, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and immunosuppressive activities. Moreover, it has immense potential in pharmaceutical, food and textile industries. For the industrial perspective, it is essential to achieve purified, high yield and cost-effective extraction of prodigiosin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on prodigiosin extraction and also the first report on endophyte Serratia marcescens isolated from Beta vulgaris L. The significance of our results is to extract high amount and good quality prodigiosin for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Khanam
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
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15
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Malgas S, Chandra R, Van Dyk JS, Saddler JN, Pletschke BI. Formulation of an optimized synergistic enzyme cocktail, HoloMix, for effective degradation of various pre-treated hardwoods. Bioresour Technol 2017; 245:52-65. [PMID: 28892706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two selected hardwoods were subjected to sodium chlorite delignification and steam explosion, and the impact of pre-treatments on synergistic enzymatic saccharification evaluated. A cellulolytic core-set, CelMix, and a xylanolytic core-set, XynMix, optimised for glucose and xylose release, respectively, were used to formulate HoloMix cocktail for optimal saccharification of various pre-treated hardwoods. For delignified biomass, the optimized HoloMix consisted of 75%:25% protein dosage, CelMix: XynMix, while for untreated and steam exploded biomass the HoloMix consisted of 93.75%:6.25% protein dosage. Saccharification by HoloMix (27.5mgprotein/gbiomass) for 24h achieved 70-100% sugar yields. Pre-treatment of the hardwoods (especially those with a higher proportion of lignin) with a laccase, improved saccharification by HoloMix. This study provided insights into enzymatic hydrolysis of various pre-treated hardwood substrates and showed the same lignocellulolytic cocktail comparable to/if not better than commercial enzyme preparations can be used to efficiently hydrolyse different hardwood species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - R Chandra
- Forest Products Biotechnology Group, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - J S Van Dyk
- Forest Products Biotechnology Group, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - J N Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology Group, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - B I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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Francis TC, Chandra R, Gaynor A, Konkalmatt P, Metzbower SR, Evans B, Engeln M, Blanpied TA, Lobo MK. Molecular basis of dendritic atrophy and activity in stress susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1512-1519. [PMID: 28894298 PMCID: PMC5747312 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and cellular adaptations in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) underlie stress-induced depression-like behavior, but the molecular substrates mediating cellular plasticity and activity in MSN subtypes in stress susceptibility are poorly understood. We find the transcription factor early growth response 3 (EGR3) is increased in D1 receptor containing MSNs of mice susceptible to social defeat stress. Genetic reduction of Egr3 levels in D1-MSNs prevented depression-like outcomes in stress susceptible mice by preventing D1-MSN dendritic atrophy, reduced frequency of excitatory input and altered in vivo activity. Overall, we identify NAc neuronal-subtype molecular control of dendritic morphology and related functional adaptations, which underlie susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- TC Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Gaynor
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - SR Metzbower
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Engeln
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - TA Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - MK Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Förstera B, Muñoz B, Lobo MK, Chandra R, Lovinger DM, Aguayo LG. Presence of ethanol-sensitive glycine receptors in medium spiny neurons in the mouse nucleus accumbens. J Physiol 2017; 595:5285-5300. [PMID: 28524260 DOI: 10.1113/jp273767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The nucleus accumbens (nAc) is involved in addiction-related behaviour caused by several drugs of abuse, including alcohol. Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are potentiated by ethanol and they have been implicated in the regulation of accumbal dopamine levels. We investigated the presence of GlyR subunits in nAc and their modulation by ethanol in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse nAc. We found that the GlyR α1 subunit is preferentially expressed in nAc and is potentiated by ethanol. Our study shows that GlyR α1 in nAc is a new target for development of novel pharmacological tools for behavioural intervention in drug abuse. ABSTRACT Alcohol abuse causes major social, economic and health-related problems worldwide. Alcohol, like other drugs of abuse, increases levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), facilitating behavioural reinforcement and substance abuse. Previous studies suggested that glycine receptors (GlyRs) are involved in the regulation of accumbal dopamine levels. Here, we investigated the presence of GlyRs in accumbal dopamine receptor medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of C57BL/6J mice, analysing mRNA expression levels and immunoreactivity of GlyR subunits, as well as ethanol sensitivity. We found that GlyR α1 subunits are expressed at higher levels than α2, α3 and β in the mouse nAc and were located preferentially in dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1)-positive MSNs. Interestingly, the glycine-evoked currents in dissociated DRD1-positive MSNs were potentiated by ethanol. Also, the potentiation of the GlyR-mediated tonic current by ethanol suggests that they modulate the excitability of DRD1-positive MSNs in nAc. This study should contribute to understanding the role of GlyR α1 in the reward system and might help to develop novel pharmacological therapies to treat alcoholism and other addiction-related and compulsive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Förstera
- Department of Physiology, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - B Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - M K Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF II Rm 251, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF II Rm 251, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - D M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L G Aguayo
- Department of Physiology, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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18
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Busch K, Chandra R, Buckenham T, Kiat H. Detection of Anomalous Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Branches by Colour Duplex Ultrasound. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 53:776-782. [PMID: 28455146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventional anatomical descriptions of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) report that no branches arise from this segment. However reports of ICA branches exist. The study aim was to determine the prevalence of anomalous branches of the ICA using colour duplex ultrasound (CDU). METHODS Four hundred consecutive patients (800 carotid vessels) referred to a tertiary hospital vascular laboratory for investigation of carotid disease were included. A clear differentiation of a low resistive ICA and a high resistive external carotid artery (ECA) waveform was required. CDU was performed on a Philips IU22 ultrasound system with a 9-3 MHz linear array transducer employing a standard carotid imaging protocol. The origin of each ICA branch was identified using B-mode and CDU. Anatomical orientation of ICA branches and distance from bifurcation was recorded and spectral CDU analysis was performed. RESULTS Twenty ICA branches, tracking cephaladly, were detected in 16 patients (4%), or 2.5% (20/800) vessels. The median age was 73 years; 50% were female and 50% male. All patients demonstrated a single branch [unilateral anomaly (n = 12 patients), bilateral anomaly (n = 4) patients]. Eighty-five percent arose from the posterior wall of the ICA. The median distance from ICA bifurcation was 4 mm (range 0-18 mm). ICA branch diameters ranged from 1.2 mm to 2.4 mm (median 1.4 mm, mean 1.6 mm). Eighty percent of ICA branches had less than 50% stenosis. Spectral analysis revealed high resistive waveforms in all branches. CONCLUSIONS Branches from the ICA exist and can be characterised with CDU. Prevalence in a tertiary hospital referral cohort is 4%. Given their potential clinical implications, standard carotid imaging protocols should consider routine assessment and reporting of ICA branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Busch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - R Chandra
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Buckenham
- Monash Imaging, Monash Health and Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Chandra R. Patterns and costs of interstate patient mobility: a review of decentralized healthcare in India. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw175.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chandra R. Cities and the questions of health equity: A study of multidimensional healthcare access in India. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thomas P, Saxena SC, Chandra R, Rao R, Bhatia CR. X-ray imaging for detecting spongy tissue, an internal disorder in fruits of ‘Alphonso’ mango (Mangifera indicaL.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1993.11516416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sammour T, Jones IT, Gibbs P, Chandra R, Steel MC, Shedda SM, Croxford M, Faragher I, Hayes IP, Hastie IA. Comparing oncological outcomes of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colon cancer: Analysis of a large prospective clinical database. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:891-8. [PMID: 25712421 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncological outcomes of laparoscopic colon cancer surgery have been shown to be equivalent to those of open surgery, but only in the setting of randomized controlled trials on highly selected patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether this finding is generalizable to real world practice. METHODS Analysis of prospectively collected data from the BioGrid Australia database was undertaken. Overall and cancer specific survival rates were compared with cox regression analysis controlling for the confounders of age, sex, BMI, ASA score, hospital site, year surgery performed, procedure, tumor stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2009, 1,106 patients underwent elective colon cancer resection. There were differences between the laparoscopic and open cohorts in BMI, procedure, post-operative complication rate, and tumor stage. When baseline confounders were accounted for using cox regression analysis, there was no difference in 5 year overall survival (χ(2) test 1.302, P = 0.254), or cancer specific survival (χ(2) test 0.028, P = 0.866). CONCLUSION This large prospective clinical study validates previous trial results, and confirms that there is no difference in oncological outcome between laparoscopic and open surgery for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sammour
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
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Slater L, Hadley C, Soufan C, Yu H, Holt M, Chong W, Maroulis H, Stuckey S, Chandra R. O-010 Radiation Safety in Neurointervention: Is it Time for Dose Reference Levels? J Neurointerv Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011343.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ragauskas AJ, Beckham GT, Biddy MJ, Chandra R, Chen F, Davis MF, Davison BH, Dixon RA, Gilna P, Keller M, Langan P, Naskar AK, Saddler JN, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Wyman CE. Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery. Science 2014; 344:1246843. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1246843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2410] [Impact Index Per Article: 241.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wagenknecht D, Fischer E, Krieger K, Weitz E, Chandra R, Stier C, Weiner R, Rett K. Glukosevariabilität bei Patienten mit symptomatischen Hypoglykämien nach Magen-Bypaß (RYGB). Spielt ein präoperativ bestehender Diabetes eine Rolle? DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schreiweis H, Fischer E, Krieger K, Weitz E, Chandra R, Stier C, Weiner R, Rett K. CGM-gestützte Erfolgskontrolle von Ernährungstherapie und Fobi Ring bei einer Patientin mit Non-Insulinoma Pancreatogenic Hypoglycaemia Syndrome (NIPHS) nach Magen-Bypaß (RYGB). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tiwari D, Tiwari RP, Chandra R, Bisen PS, Haque S. Efficient ELISA for diagnosis of active tuberculosis employing a cocktail of secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Folia Biol (Praha) 2014; 60:10-20. [PMID: 24594052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis is important for preventing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Currently available tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic methods lack desired sensitivity and specificity, and require sophisticated equipment and skilled workforce including weeks' long duration to yield results. In this study, extracellular proteins or secretory protein antigens of M. tuberculosis H37Rv have been isolated using ion exchange chromatography, immunocharacterized and exploited for the development of efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of active TB with enhanced specificity and sensitivity. Apparent molecular masses for purified proteins were found to be 6, 27, 30, 38 and 64 kDa. Out of five purified proteins, one (64 kDa) was found to be novel. Of the five proteins, four (6, 27, 30 and 38 kDa) were found significant to be used in the development of ELISA for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB. The immune responses of serum samples of TB patients and other healthy subjects against the above-mentioned antigens' cocktail were evaluated. Critical parameters of newly developed ELISA were optimized and it was observed that the cocktail antigens have a greater specificity (98.06 %) and sensitivity (98.67 %) as compared to other commercially available diagnostic tests. The present findings suggest that the developed ELISA is an effective tool for routine screening and early-stage diagnosis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tiwari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - R P Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Immunodiagnostic Division, Aspen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India
| | - R Chandra
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - P S Bisen
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - S Haque
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Chandra R, Johansson AJ. Effect of frequency, body parts and surrounding on the on-body propagation channel around the torso. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2012:4533-6. [PMID: 23366936 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Wearable medical devices can be positioned around the torso for monitoring of critical health parameters. The signal transmission between them is through a wireless link over an on-body propagation channel. In this paper, the effect of some factors which could influence the propagation channel around the torso as: (a) frequency of operation (b) positions of the arms (c) material of a chair used, have been investigated. Moreover, a comparison between the link loss around the torso of a full body phantom and a truncated torso phantom has been done. It is found that the frequency of operation and the positions of the arms have a significant influence on the channel. The difference between the link loss of a full body phantom and a truncated phantom is found to be minimal, indicating a possibility of using a truncated torso for a faster simulation. The results presented in the paper gives an insight in to the influence of arms and the frequency of operation on the propagation channel around the torso and thus would be beneficial for designing a reliable wireless link.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandra
- Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Chandra R, Anand N. THU0491-HPR Patient survey driven designing of clothes for rheumatoid arthritis patients with deformities (indian senario). Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wagenknecht D, Fischer E, Krieger K, Weitz E, Chandra R, Stier C, Rett K. Unterschätzte Hypo- und Hyperglykämie bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf Dumping-Syndrom nach Magen-Bypaß (RYGB). Erste Daten mit kontinuierlicher Gewebeglukosemessung (CGM). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chandra R, Johansson AJ. An approach to analyze the movements of the arms while walking using wearable wireless devices. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:3431-3434. [PMID: 24110466 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic movement of the arms while walking is an important feature of human gait. In this paper, we present an approach to analyze the movements of the arms while walking by using three wearable wireless devices placed around the torso. One of the devices is transmitter placed at the back and the other two are symmetrically placed receivers that record the power variation due to movements of the arms while walking. We show that the power received by the receivers will have symmetrical variation if the arms' swing is symmetrical. An analytical model has been used to calculate the position of the receivers. Full wave simulations on a walking phantom are done to confirm the results.
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Joshi A, Kamath M, Sharma A, Raghuramaiah M, Patidar R, Ansari M, Sreedhar N, Chandra R, Navathe C, Naik P, Gupta P. Development of a two arm, high energy, high power laser for plasma research in India. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135908001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Curcuma longa commonly known as tumeric is traditionally used as a spice in Indian food. A wide range of biological activities e.g. anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of the plant suggests a logical basis for its traditional use in foodstuff. Various phytothreapeutic uses ofCurcuma longa have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Luthra
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, (India)
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Abstract
This paper presents the results of an automated water scrubbing system used for enrichment of methane content in the biogas, to produce vehicular grade biomethane fuel. Incorporation of automatic control systems for precisely regulating the water level and maintaining constant operating pressure in the packed bed absorption column of water scrubbing system resulted in steady-state operation of the scrubbing system and a consistent supply of methane-enriched biogas from the gas outlet. The improved automated water scrubbing system was found to enrich 97% methane at an operating column pressure of 1.0 MPa with 2.5 m3/h biogas in-flow rate and 2.0 m3/h water in-flow rate into the scrubbing column unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Chandra
- Department of Farm Power & Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering & Post Harvest Technology, Central Agricultural University, Ranipool, Gangtok, Sikkim 737 135, India
| | - V. K. Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - P. M. V. Subbarao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
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Chandra R, Johansson AJ. In-mouth antenna for tongue controlled wireless devices: characteristics and link-loss. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:5598-601. [PMID: 22255609 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the possibility of using a curved dipole antenna inside the mouth for the tongue controlled wireless devices in 2.45 GHz ISM band. These devices can be interfaced with the wheelchair or the computer used by the paraplegic patients. Two antenna placement positions have been investigated: in front of the teeth and behind the teeth. The investigations were done through the FDTD simulations on a realistic heterogeneous phantom with the mouth closed and open. The link loss between the in-mouth dipole antenna and an external dipole antenna at 400 mm from the center of the head was calculated. It was found that the radiation pattern changed according to the placement of the antennas inside the mouth and whether the mouth was open or closed. The link loss for the in front of the teeth placement was found to be 9 dB-11 dB lower than the behind the teeth placement depending on the open or the closed mouth. The variation in the link loss was 1 dB-4 dB for the open mouth when compared with the closed mouth depending on the antenna placement position. By using these results, a reliable wireless link for the in-mouth device can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandra
- Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Seshadri S, Rosati M, Lin D, Carter R, Norton J, Kato A, Suh L, Peters A, Chandra R, Harris K, Chu H, Conley D, Tan B, Grammer L, Kern R, Schleimer R. Differential Regional Expression Of Innate Immune Antimicrobial Proteins In Sinonasal Mucosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lee S, Hulse K, Siebert J, Norton J, Conley D, Chandra R, Kern R, Hong S, Schleimer R, Cho S. Age-related Reduction Of S100A8/A9 In Chronic Rhinosinusitis Is Associated With Increased Production Of Soluble gp130. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hulse K, Singh R, Chaung K, Norton J, Harris K, Conley D, Chandra R, Kern R, Peters A, Grammer L, Tan B, Carter R, Seshadri S, Suh L, Kato A, Schleimer R. STAT3 and NF-kB Regulate S100A7 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Keswani A, Chustz RT, Suh L, Carter R, Peters AT, Tan BK, Chandra R, Kim SH, Azam T, Dinarello CA, Kern RC, Schleimer RP, Kato A. Differential expression of interleukin-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Allergy 2012; 67:25-32. [PMID: 21899560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airways and sinuses and is frequently divided into polypoid CRS (CRSwNP) and nonpolypoid CRS (CRSsNP). However, the mechanism of inflammation in CRS has still not been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of interleukin-32 (IL-32), a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine, in CRS. METHODS We collected nasal epithelial cells and nasal tissue from patients with CRS and control subjects. We assayed mRNA for IL-32 by real-time PCR and measured IL-32 protein using ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of mRNA for IL-32 was elevated in epithelial cells from uncinate tissue from patients with CRSsNP compared with patients with CRSwNP (P < 0.05), control subjects (P=0.06), and epithelial cells from nasal polyp (NP) tissue (P < 0.05). Production of IL-32 was induced by IFN-γ, TNF, and dsRNA in primary airway epithelial cells. In whole-tissue extracts, the expression of IL-32 protein was significantly elevated in patients with CRSwNP compared with patients with CRSsNP and control subjects. Immunohistochemistry data showed that IL-32 was detected in mucosal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Levels of IL-32 were correlated with the levels of CD3 and macrophage mannose receptor in NP tissue. Immunofluorescence data showed IL-32 co-localization with CD3-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages in NPs. CONCLUSION Overproduction of IL-32 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, although the role of IL-32 in the inflammation in CRSsNP and CRSwNP may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Keswani
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron,Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess whether the ex vivo injection of patent blue V dye would increase lymph node yield in operative specimens of colorectal cancer. METHOD A randomized controlled trial was carried out in which patients undergoing resection for colonic cancer were allocated to patent V blue or no patent blue V dye submucosal injection of the operative specimen. The number of lymph nodes found in each group was compared. RESULTS Between 1 January and 31 December 2008, 68 patients were randomized. Thirty-three patients received patent blue V dye and 34 did not. In the former group the median number of blue nodes identified was 11, compared with a median of 9 in the no dye group. After the application of Carnoy's solution lymph node count was 16 in each group. There was no significant difference between all these results. CONCLUSION Ex vivo injection of patent blue V dye submucosally in a peritumour location did not increase the lymph node count or the percentage of specimens having more than 12 lymph nodes identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wakeman
- Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Tomar NR, Singh V, Marla SS, Chandra R, Kumar R, Kumar A. Molecular docking studies with rabies virus glycoprotein to design viral therapeutics. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:486-90. [PMID: 21218060 PMCID: PMC3013581 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.73905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of rabies virus encodes five proteins; the nucleoprotein, the phosphoprotein, the matrix protein, the glycoprotein, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Among these, the glycoprotein is the most important as it is the major contributor to pathogenicity and virus neutralizing antibody response. Keeping in mind that glycoprotein is the only protein exposed on the surface of virus and is thought to be responsible for the interaction with the cell membrane, it was attempted to target glycoprotein by a ligand polyethylene glycol 4000, which blocks its active site, as seen by molecular operating environment software, so that it may be possible to prevent the spread of virus into the host. The ligand polyethylene glycol 4000 was retrieved from Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics protein data bank by providing the glycoprotein sequence to the databank. In this study it was observed that the ligand was successfully docked on a major portion of antigenic site II of glycoprotein by mimicking the virus neutralizing antibodies. This knowledge may be important for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of rabies and other viral diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Tomar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, India
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Rathod NR, Raghuveer I, Chitme HR, Chandra R. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Calotropis gigantea on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:615-21. [PMID: 20376213 PMCID: PMC2846465 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.59542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Swarnabhasma, an Ayurvedic preparation containing Calotropis gigantea R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is extensively used by Ayurvedic physicians for treatment of diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and nervous disorders. In the present study, we report the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower on free radical scavenging activity, and lipid profile in streptozotozin-induced diabetic rats. The lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in liver homogenate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile were measured in blood serum. Administration of single dose of streptozotozin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly decreased. Further, administration of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaf and flower to streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats at a dose of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg orally for 27 d lead to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Consequently, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control (10 mg/kg). It was observed that the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea on alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, levels are comparable to that of those produced by the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology, H. S. K. College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot-587101, India
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Abstract
We have investigated the possibility of using the 2.45 GHz ISM band for communication between binaural hearing aids. The small size of a modern hearing aid makes it necessary to miniaturize the antennas to make this feasible. Two different types of hearing aid placements have been investigated: in the outer ear and in the ear canal. Both put strict demands on the size of the antenna, which have been miniaturized by applying disc loads and high permittivity materials. The investigations have been done by FDTD simulation of a modified SAM phantom head, where we have included a simple model of the ear canal. Simulations show that the outer ear placement is better, as it gives a total link loss of 48 dB. The placement in the ear canal gives a total link loss of 92 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandra
- Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Sweden.
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Hulse K, Norton J, Harris K, Conley D, Chandra R, Kern R, Peters A, Grammer L, Tan B, Carter R. A New Method For Cell Isolation Reveals Elevated Numbers of T and B Lymphocytes In Sinonasal Tissue From Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hong S, Han B, Suh L, Conley D, Chandra R, Kern R, Grammer L, Schleimer R, Cho S. Age-related Differences in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jabbour S, Tuli R, Patel S, Chandra R, Chen C, Moore D, Herman J. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Rectal Cancer Can Reduce Acute Toxicities of Chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kato A, Keswani A, Chustz R, Peters A, Chandra R, Carter R, Suh L, Norton J, Harris K, Conley D, Grammer L, Kim S, Dinarello C, Kern R, Schleimer R. IL-32 Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Seshadri S, Lin D, Kato A, Carter R, Suh L, Peters A, Chandra R, Norton J, Harris K, Chu H, Conley D, Grammer L, Kern R, Schleimer R. Reduced Expression of Antimicrobial PLUNC Proteins in Nasal Polyp Tissue. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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