1
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Lewis CT, Tabrizian L, Nielsen J, Laitila J, Beck TN, Olsen MS, Ognjanovic MM, Aagaard P, Hokken R, Laugesen S, Ingersen A, Andersen JL, Soendenbroe C, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S, Sahl RE, Rømer T, Hansen MT, Frandsen J, Suetta C, Ochala J. Physical activity impacts resting skeletal muscle myosin conformation and lowers its ATP consumption. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213268. [PMID: 37227464 PMCID: PMC10225618 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been established that myosin, the molecular motor protein, is able to exist in two conformations in relaxed skeletal muscle. These conformations are known as the super-relaxed (SRX) and disordered-relaxed (DRX) states and are finely balanced to optimize ATP consumption and skeletal muscle metabolism. Indeed, SRX myosins are thought to have a 5- to 10-fold reduction in ATP turnover compared with DRX myosins. Here, we investigated whether chronic physical activity in humans would be associated with changes in the proportions of SRX and DRX skeletal myosins. For that, we isolated muscle fibers from young men of various physical activity levels (sedentary, moderately physically active, endurance-trained, and strength-trained athletes) and ran a loaded Mant-ATP chase protocol. We observed that in moderately physically active individuals, the amount of myosin molecules in the SRX state in type II muscle fibers was significantly greater than in age-matched sedentary individuals. In parallel, we did not find any difference in the proportions of SRX and DRX myosins in myofibers between highly endurance- and strength-trained athletes. We did however observe changes in their ATP turnover time. Altogether, these results indicate that physical activity level and training type can influence the resting skeletal muscle myosin dynamics. Our findings also emphasize that environmental stimuli such as exercise have the potential to rewire the molecular metabolism of human skeletal muscle through myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T.A. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lee Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jenni Laitila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas N. Beck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde S. Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marija M. Ognjanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rune Hokken
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Laugesen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Soendenbroe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W. Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ronni E. Sahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue Rømer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel T. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Frandsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Klein AB, Nicolaisen TS, Ørtenblad N, Gejl KD, Jensen R, Fritzen AM, Larsen EL, Karstoft K, Poulsen HE, Morville T, Sahl RE, Helge JW, Lund J, Falk S, Lyngbæk M, Ellingsgaard H, Pedersen BK, Lu W, Finan B, Jørgensen SB, Seeley RJ, Kleinert M, Kiens B, Richter EA, Clemmensen C. Pharmacological but not physiological GDF15 suppresses feeding and the motivation to exercise. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1041. [PMID: 33589633 PMCID: PMC7884842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that pharmacological application of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) suppresses appetite but also promotes sickness-like behaviors in rodents via GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL)-dependent mechanisms. Conversely, the endogenous regulation of GDF15 and its physiological effects on energy homeostasis and behavior remain elusive. Here we show, in four independent human studies that prolonged endurance exercise increases circulating GDF15 to levels otherwise only observed in pathophysiological conditions. This exercise-induced increase can be recapitulated in mice and is accompanied by increased Gdf15 expression in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart muscle. However, whereas pharmacological GDF15 inhibits appetite and suppresses voluntary running activity via GFRAL, the physiological induction of GDF15 by exercise does not. In summary, exercise-induced circulating GDF15 correlates with the duration of endurance exercise. Yet, higher GDF15 levels after exercise are not sufficient to evoke canonical pharmacological GDF15 effects on appetite or responsible for diminishing exercise motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil L Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronni E Sahl
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Falk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Lyngbæk
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Lu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Morville T, Sahl RE, Moritz T, Helge JW, Clemmensen C. Plasma Metabolome Profiling of Resistance Exercise and Endurance Exercise in Humans. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hansen M, Kuhlman ACB, Sahl RE, Kelly B, Morville T, Dohlmann TL, Chrøis KM, Larsen S, Helge JW, Dela F. Corrigendum to "Inflammatory biomarkers in patients in simvastatin treatment: No effect of co-enzyme Q10 supplementation" [Cytokine 113 (2019) 393-399]. Cytokine 2019; 126:154941. [PMID: 31818692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja C B Kuhlman
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronni E Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Kelly
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine L Dohlmann
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karoline M Chrøis
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hansen M, Kuhlman ACB, Sahl RE, Kelly B, Morville T, Dohlmann TL, Chrøis KM, Larsen S, Helge JW, Dela F. Inflammatory biomarkers in patients in Simvastatin treatment: No effect of co-enzyme Q10 supplementation. Cytokine 2018; 113:393-399. [PMID: 30389229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is known to be an inflammatory process. Statin therapy decreases both cholesterol and inflammation and is used in primary and secondary prevention of CVD. However, a statin induced decrease of plasma concentrations of the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), may prevent the patients from reaching their optimal anti-inflammatory potential. Here, we studied the anti-inflammatory effect of Simvastatin therapy and CoQ10 supplementation. METHODS 35 patients in primary prevention with Simvastatin (40 mg/day) were randomized to receive oral CoQ10 supplementation (400 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. 20 patients with hypercholesterolemia who received no cholesterol-lowering treatment was a control group. Plasma concentrations of lipids and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 (IL6); -8 (IL8); -10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα); high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)) as well as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were quantified before and after the intervention. RESULTS No significant change in inflammatory markers or lipids was observed after CoQ10 supplementation Patients in Simvastatin therapy had significantly (P < 0.05) lower baseline concentration of IL6 (0.31 ± 0.03 pg/ml), IL8 (1.6 ± 0.1 pg/ml) IL10 (0.16 ± 0.02 pg/ml) and borderline (P = 0.053) lower TNFα (0.88 ± 0.05 pg/ml), but not hsCRP (1.34 ± 0.19 mg/l) compared with the control group (0.62 ± 0.08, 2.6 ± 0.2, 0.25 ± 0.01, 1.07 ± 0.09, and 1.90 ± 0.35, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin therapy has beneficial effects on inflammatory markers in plasma, but CoQ10 supplementation seems to have no additional potentiating effect in patients in primary prevention. In contrast, glucose homeostasis may improve with CoQ10 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja C B Kuhlman
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronni E Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Kelly
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine L Dohlmann
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karoline M Chrøis
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Morville T, Sahl RE, Trammell SA, Svenningsen JS, Gillum MP, Helge JW, Clemmensen C. Divergent effects of resistance and endurance exercise on plasma bile acids, FGF19, and FGF21 in humans. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122737. [PMID: 30089729 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has profound pleiotropic health benefits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Endocrine FGF21, bile acids (BAs), and BA-induced FGF19 have emerged as metabolic signaling molecules. Here, we investigated if dissimilar modes of exercise, resistance exercise (RE) and endurance exercise (EE), regulate plasma BAs, FGF19, and FGF21 in humans. METHODS Ten healthy, moderately trained males were enrolled in a randomized crossover study of 1 hour of bicycling at 70% of VO2peak (EE) and 1 hour of high-volume RE. Hormones and metabolites were measured in venous blood and sampled before and after exercise and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after exercise. RESULTS We observed exercise mode-specific changes in plasma concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21. Whereas FGF19 decreased following RE (P < 0.001), FGF21 increased in response to EE (P < 0.001). Total plasma BAs decreased exclusively following RE (P < 0.05), but the composition of BAs changed in response to both types of exercise. Notably, circulating levels of the potent TGR5 receptor agonist, lithocholic acid, increased with both types of exercise (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reveals divergent effects of EE and RE on circulating concentrations of the BA species, FGF19, and FGF21. We identify temporal relationships between decreased BA and FGF19 following RE and a sharp disparity in FGF21 concentrations, with EE eliciting a clear increase parallel to that of glucagon. FUNDING The Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17OC0026114) and the Lundbeck Foundation (R238-2016-2859).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Morville
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Ronni E Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel Aj Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens S Svenningsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Sahl RE, Andersen PR, Gronbaek K, Morville TH, Rosenkilde M, Rasmusen HK, Poulsen SS, Prats C, Dela F, Helge JW. Repeated Excessive Exercise Attenuates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise in Older Men. Front Physiol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28690546 PMCID: PMC5479888 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose: A number of studies have investigated the effect of training with a moderate exercise dose (3-6 h/weekly) on the inflammatory profile in blood, and the data are inconsistent. Cross-sectional studies indicate a positive effect of physical activity level on inflammation levels and risk of metabolic disease. However, it is not clear whether this may be dose dependent and if very prolonged repeated exercise therefore may be beneficial for low-grade inflammation. Based on this we studied how excessive repeated prolonged exercise influenced low-grade inflammation and adipose tissue anti-inflammatory macrophage content in six older male recreationally trained cyclists. Low-grade inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage content were investigated in six older trained men (age: 61 ± 4 years; VO2peak: 48 ± 2 mL kg-1 min-1) following repeated prolonged exercise. Methods: Cycling was performed daily for 14 days covering in total 2,706 km (1,681 miles). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured before and after the cycling. Duration and intensity of the exercise were determined from heart rates sampled during cycling. An adipose tissue biopsy from subcutaneous abdominal fat and a blood sample were obtained at rest in the overnight fasted state before and after the cycling. Anti-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) were immunohistochemically stained in cross sectional sections using a CD163 binding antibody. The ATM and adipocyte sizes were analyzed blindly. Results: The cyclists exercised daily for 10 h and 31 ± 37 min and average intensity was 53 ± 1% of VO2peak. Body weight remained unchanged and VO2peak decreased by 6 ± 2% (P = 0.04). Plasma inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-18 remained unchanged, as did hsCRP, but plasma IL-6 increased significantly. CD163 macrophage content remained unchanged, as did adipocyte cell size. The HbA1c was not significantly decreased, but there was a trend (P < 0.07) toward an increased insulin resistance as estimated by the Quicki Index. Conclusion: The regular prolonged exercise did not influence abdominal adipose tissue inflammation, but the higher plasma IL-6 concentration concurrent with a trend toward higher insulin resistance and decreased VO2peak implies that the excessive amount of exercise probably attenuated the possible potential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni E Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter R Andersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Gronbaek
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Morville
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne K Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen S Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
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