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Kinnaird A, Yerram NK, O’Connor L, Brisbane W, Sharma V, Chuang R, Jayadevan R, Ahdoot M, Daneshvar M, Priester A, Delfin M, Tran E, Barsa DE, Sisk A, Reiter RE, Felker E, Raman S, Kwan L, Choyke PL, Merino MJ, Wood BJ, Turkbey B, Pinto PA, Marks LS. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Biopsy in Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2022; 207:823-831. [PMID: 34854746 PMCID: PMC10506469 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000002343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The underlying premise of prostate cancer active surveillance (AS) is that cancers likely to metastasize will be recognized and eliminated before cancer-related disease can ensue. Our study was designed to determine the prostate cancer upgrading rate when biopsy guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRGBx) is used before entry and during AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cohort included 519 men with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer who enrolled in prospective studies (NCT00949819 and NCT00102544) between February 2008 and February 2020. Subjects were preliminarily diagnosed with Gleason Grade Group (GG) 1 cancer; AS began when subsequent MRGBx confirmed GG1 or GG2. Participants underwent confirmatory MRGBx (targeted and systematic) followed by surveillance MRGBx approximately every 12 to 24 months. The primary outcome was tumor upgrading to ≥GG3. RESULTS Upgrading to ≥GG3 was found in 92 men after a median followup of 4.8 years (IQR 3.1-6.5) after confirmatory MRGBx. Upgrade-free probability after 5 years was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81-0.88). Cancer detected in a magnetic resonance imaging lesion at confirmatory MRGBx increased risk of subsequent upgrading during AS (HR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3-6.0), as did presence of GG2 (HR 2.9; 95% CI 1.1-8.2) In men who upgraded ≥GG3 during AS, upgrading was detected by targeted cores only in 27%, systematic cores only in 25% and both in 47%. In 63 men undergoing prostatectomy, upgrading from MRGBx was found in only 5 (8%). CONCLUSIONS When AS begins and follows with MRGBx (targeted and systematic), upgrading rate (≥GG3) is greater when tumor is initially present within a magnetic resonance imaging lesion or when pathology is GG2 than when these features are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Centre for Urologic Research and Excellence (ACURE), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta (CRINA),Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nitin K. Yerram
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luke O’Connor
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wayne Brisbane
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vidit Sharma
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rajiv Jayadevan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Ahdoot
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Daneshvar
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alan Priester
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Merdie Delfin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Tran
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Danielle E. Barsa
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony Sisk
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert E. Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ely Felker
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steve Raman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria J. Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bradford J. Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter A. Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonard S. Marks
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Kinnaird A, Brisbane W, Kwan L, Priester A, Chuang R, Barsa DE, Delfin M, Sisk A, Margolis D, Felker E, Hu J, Marks LS. A prostate cancer risk calculator (PCRC-MRI): Use of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data to predict biopsy outcome in North American men. Can Urol Assoc J 2021; 16:E161-E166. [PMID: 34672937 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A functional tool to optimize patient selection for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate biopsy (MRGB) is an unmet clinical need. We sought to develop a prostate cancer risk calculator (PCRC-MRI) that combines MRI and clinical characteristics to aid decision-making for MRGB in North American men. METHODS Two prospective registries containing 2354 consecutive men undergoing MRGB (September 2009 to April 2019) were analyzed. Patients were randomized into five groups, with one group randomly assigned to be the validation cohort against the other four groups as the discovery cohort. The primary outcome was detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) defined as Gleason grade group ≥2. Variables included age, ethnicity, digital rectal exam (DRE), prior biopsy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, PSA density, and MRI score. Odds ratios were calculated from multivariate logistic regression comparing two models: one with clinical variables only (clinical) against a second combining clinical variables with MRI data (clinical+MRI). RESULTS csPCa was present in 942 (40%) of the 2354 men available for study. The positive and negative predictive values for csPCa in the clinical+MRI model were 57% and 89%, respectively. The area under the curve of the clinical+MRI model was superior to the clinical model in discovery (0.843 vs. 0.707, p<0.0001) and validation (0.888 vs. 0.757, p<0.0001) cohorts. Use of PCRC-MRI would have avoided approximately 16 unnecessary biopsies in every 100 men. Of all variables examined, Asian ethnicity was the most protective factor (odds ratio [OR] 0.46 [0.29-0.75]) while MRI score 5 indicated greatest risk (OR15.8 [10.5-23.9]). CONCLUSIONS A risk calculator (PCRC-MRI), based on a large North American cohort, is shown to improve patient selection for MRGB, especially in preventing unnecessary biopsies. This tool is available at https://www.uclahealth.org/urology/prostate-cancer-risk-calculator and may help rationalize biopsy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wayne Brisbane
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alan Priester
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Danielle E Barsa
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Merdie Delfin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Sisk
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Margolis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ely Felker
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jim Hu
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonard S Marks
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Liu YS, Lin KY, Masur J, Barby S, Chuang R, Johnson DW, Lucyk SN, Sivilotti MLA, Yarema MC. Outcomes After Recurrent Intentional Methanol Exposures Not Treated With Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Or Hemodialysis. J Emerg Med 2020; 58:910-916. [PMID: 32307216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relying on a treatment threshold for methanol poisoning of 20 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L) as a stand-alone criterion may lead to unnecessary and invasive treatment because it is likely too conservative, especially for patients with repeated, intentional methanol exposures. OBJECTIVE We investigated how often patients with recurrent intentional methanol exposures above this threshold developed biochemical or overt clinical toxicity despite not being treated with either an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor (ADHi) or hemodialysis. METHODS We identified patients with ≥3 methanol-related emergency visits from 2002 to 2015 and selected every visit in which neither ADHi nor hemodialysis were administered despite serum methanol >20 mg/dL but neither metabolic acidosis nor end organ toxicity at presentation. The primary outcome was the incidence of visual deterioration or death. RESULTS Four patients accounted for the 17 visits that met inclusion criteria. All exposures were intentional substance misuse, and 7 of 17 were via inhalation (i.e., huffing). Initial methanol concentrations ranged from 22 mg/dL to 35 mg/dL (7-11 mmol/L). Four of these 17 visits had undetectable initial ethanol concentrations at presentation, including 1 with an initial methanol concentration of 35 mg/dL. No patients developed visual deterioration, and all were known to have survived the exposure. CONCLUSION Following recurrent, intentional methanol exposure, isolated serum methanol concentrations as high as 35 mg/dL (11 mmol/L) appear to be well-tolerated without treatment in the absence of metabolic acidosis or end-organ toxicity. To better define the methanol treatment threshold, prospective studies are warranted in which patients are followed closely while fomepizole is withheld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Steven Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katie Y Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne Masur
- Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shalyn Barby
- Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott N Lucyk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco L A Sivilotti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Poison Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark C Yarema
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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MacLeod-Glover N, Chuang R. Chronic lithium toxicity: Considerations and systems analysis. Can Fam Physician 2020; 66:258-261. [PMID: 32273410 PMCID: PMC7145125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora MacLeod-Glover
- Clinical Information Resource Specialist at the Poison and Drug Information Service in Calgary, Alta, and Lecturer in Toxicology in the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Toronto in Ontario.
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Emergency physician and medical toxicologist practising in Calgary
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Al Fawaz S, Al Deeb M, Huffman JL, Al Kholaif NA, Garlich F, Chuang R. A Case of Status Epilepticus and Transient Stress Cardiomyopathy Associated with Smoking the Synthetic Psychoactive Cannabinoid, UR-144. Am J Case Rep 2019; 20:1902-1906. [PMID: 31857571 PMCID: PMC6934029 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.918918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 19-year-old Final Diagnosis: Status epilepticus and stress induced cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Seizure Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Toxicology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al Fawaz
- Division of Neurology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al Deeb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James L Huffman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naji A Al Kholaif
- Department of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fiona Garlich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Southern California, Verdugo Hills Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Poison and Drug Information Service, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Jayadevan R, Pannell S, Chuang R, Dunn M, Aronson W. A Case of an Invisible Ureteral Stent. Urology 2018; 121:e9-e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chuang R, Saleh F, Alyahya B. Pediatric cardiac toxicity associated with fentanyl ingestion. Toxicology Communications 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2018.1459108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
- Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Farah Saleh
- Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bader Alyahya
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Gosselin
- Poison and Drug Information Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Gosselin S, Hoegberg LCG, Hoffman RS, Graudins A, Stork CM, Thomas SHL, Stellpflug SJ, Hayes BD, Levine M, Morris M, Nesbitt-Miller A, Turgeon AF, Bailey B, Calello DP, Chuang R, Bania TC, Mégarbane B, Bhalla A, Lavergne V. Evidence-based recommendations on the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:899-923. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1214275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gosselin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre Antipoison du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Province of Alberta Drug Information Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lotte C. G. Hoegberg
- Danish Poisons Information Centre, Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert. S. Hoffman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andis Graudins
- Monash Clinical Toxicology Service, Program of Emergency Medicine, Monash Health and School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine M. Stork
- Upstate NY Poison Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Simon H. L. Thomas
- National Poisons Information Service (Newcastle) and Medical Toxicology Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Bryan D. Hayes
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Section of Medical Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Morris
- Schulich Library of Science and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea Nesbitt-Miller
- Schulich Library of Science and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis F. Turgeon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Bailey
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diane P. Calello
- Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Emergency Medical Associates, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Calgary, Poison and Drug Information Service, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Intensive Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, INSERM UMRS1144, Paris, France
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Valéry Lavergne
- Department of Medical Biology, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Besserer F, Chuang R, Mink M, Massey L, Cload B. Tilmicosin toxicity: a case of accidental human tilmicosin injection managed with calcium, high-dose insulin and intravenous lipid emulsion therapy. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:812-3. [PMID: 27207720 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1185109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floyd Besserer
- a Department of Surgery (Emergency Medicine) , The University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Ryan Chuang
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine , Calgary , Canada ;,c Poison and Drug Information Service - PADIS , Calgary , Canada
| | - Matt Mink
- c Poison and Drug Information Service - PADIS , Calgary , Canada
| | - Laurie Massey
- c Poison and Drug Information Service - PADIS , Calgary , Canada
| | - Bruce Cload
- d Division of Critical Care , The University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
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MacLeod-Glover N, Mink M, Yarema M, Chuang R. Digoxin toxicity: Case for retiring its use in elderly patients? Can Fam Physician 2016; 62:223-228. [PMID: 26975913 PMCID: PMC4984589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora MacLeod-Glover
- Clinical Information Resource Specialist in the Poison and Drug Information Service at Alberta Health Services in Calgary.
| | - Matthew Mink
- Educator and Clinical Information Resource Specialist II in the Poison and Drug Information Service
| | - Mark Yarema
- Medical Director in the Poison and Drug Information Service and Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Calgary
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Associate Medical Director of the Poison and Drug Information Service and Clinical Lecturer in the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology in the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Calgary
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Levine M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Stork CM, Graudins A, Chuang R, Stellpflug SJ, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Gosselin S. Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:194-221. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Section of Medical Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert S. Hoffman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valéry Lavergne
- Department of Medical Biology, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christine M. Stork
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Upstate Medical University, New York and Upstate New York Poison Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andis Graudins
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clinical Toxicology Service at Monash Health and Monash Emergency Translational Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Poison and Drug Information Service, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Martin Morris
- Schulich Library of Science and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and
| | - Andrea Miller-Nesbitt
- Schulich Library of Science and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and
| | - Sophie Gosselin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Gosselin S, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Hoffman RS, Hayes BD, Turgeon AF, Gilfix BM, Grunbaum AM, Bania TC, Thomas SHL, Morais JA, Graudins A, Bailey B, Mégarbane B, Calello DP, Levine M, Stellpflug SJ, Hoegberg LCG, Chuang R, Stork C, Bhalla A, Rollins CJ, Lavergne V. Methodology for AACT evidence-based recommendations on the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:557-64. [PMID: 26059735 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1052498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy is a novel treatment that was discovered in the last decade. Despite unclear understanding of its mechanisms of action, numerous and diverse publications attested to its clinical use. However, current evidence supporting its use is unclear and recommendations are inconsistent. To assist clinicians in decision-making, the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology created a workgroup composed of international experts from various clinical specialties, which includes representatives of major clinical toxicology associations. Rigorous methodology using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation or AGREE II instrument was developed to provide a framework for the systematic reviews for this project and to formulate evidence-based recommendations on the use of ILE in poisoning. Systematic reviews on the efficacy of ILE in local anesthetic toxicity and non-local anesthetic poisonings as well as adverse effects of ILE are planned. A comprehensive review of lipid analytical interferences and a survey of ILE costs will be developed. The evidence will be appraised using the GRADE system. A thorough and transparent process for consensus statements will be performed to provide recommendations, using a modified Delphi method with two rounds of voting. This process will allow for the production of useful practice recommendations for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gosselin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology Division, McGill University Health Centre, and Centre Antipoison du Québec , Québec, Québec , Canada
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Chuang R, Hall BA, Benque D, Cook B, Ishtiaq S, Piterman N, Taylor A, Vardi M, Koschmieder S, Gottgens B, Fisher J. Drug target optimization in chronic myeloid leukemia using innovative computational platform. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8190. [PMID: 25644994 PMCID: PMC4650822 DOI: 10.1038/srep08190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) represents a paradigm for the wider cancer field. Despite the fact that tyrosine kinase inhibitors have established targeted molecular therapy in CML, patients often face the risk of developing drug resistance, caused by mutations and/or activation of alternative cellular pathways. To optimize drug development, one needs to systematically test all possible combinations of drug targets within the genetic network that regulates the disease. The BioModelAnalyzer (BMA) is a user-friendly computational tool that allows us to do exactly that. We used BMA to build a CML network-model composed of 54 nodes linked by 104 interactions that encapsulates experimental data collected from 160 publications. While previous studies were limited by their focus on a single pathway or cellular process, our executable model allowed us to probe dynamic interactions between multiple pathways and cellular outcomes, suggest new combinatorial therapeutic targets, and highlight previously unexplored sensitivities to Interleukin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chuang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Benjamin A. Hall
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | - Byron Cook
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Nir Piterman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Moshe Vardi
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Huston 77005-1892, Texas
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Berthold Gottgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jasmin Fisher
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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15
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Goff DJ, Court Recart A, Sadarangani A, Chun HJ, Barrett CL, Krajewska M, Leu H, Low-Marchelli J, Ma W, Shih AY, Wei J, Zhai D, Geron I, Pu M, Bao L, Chuang R, Balaian L, Gotlib J, Minden M, Martinelli G, Rusert J, Dao KH, Shazand K, Wentworth P, Smith KM, Jamieson CAM, Morris SR, Messer K, Goldstein LSB, Hudson TJ, Marra M, Frazer KA, Pellecchia M, Reed JC, Jamieson CHM. A Pan-BCL2 inhibitor renders bone-marrow-resident human leukemia stem cells sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:316-28. [PMID: 23333150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play a pivotal role in the resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and its progression to blast crisis (BC), in part, through the alternative splicing of self-renewal and survival genes. To elucidate splice-isoform regulators of human BC LSC maintenance, we performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, splice-isoform-specific quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), nanoproteomics, stromal coculture, and BC LSC xenotransplantation analyses. Cumulatively, these studies show that the alternative splicing of multiple prosurvival BCL2 family genes promotes malignant transformation of myeloid progenitors into BC LSCS that are quiescent in the marrow niche and that contribute to therapeutic resistance. Notably, sabutoclax, a pan-BCL2 inhibitor, renders marrow-niche-resident BC LSCs sensitive to TKIs at doses that spare normal progenitors. These findings underscore the importance of alternative BCL2 family splice-isoform expression in BC LSC maintenance and suggest that the combinatorial inhibition of prosurvival BCL2 family proteins and BCR-ABL may eliminate dormant LSCs and obviate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Goff
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Tsang EW, Hamani C, Moro E, Mazzella F, Saha U, Lozano AM, Hodaie M, Chuang R, Steeves T, Lim SY, Neagu B, Chen R. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation at individualized frequencies for Parkinson disease. Neurology 2012; 78:1930-8. [PMID: 22592373 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318259e183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The oscillation model of Parkinson disease (PD) states that, in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), increased θ (4-10 Hz) and β (11-30 Hz) frequencies were associated with worsening whereas γ frequencies (31-100 Hz) were associated with improvement of motor symptoms. However, the peak STN frequency in each band varied widely from subject to subject. We hypothesized that STN deep brain stimulation (DBS) at individualized γ frequencies would improve whereas θ or β frequencies would worsen PD motor signs. METHODS We prospectively studied 13 patients with PD. STN local field potential (LFP) was recorded after electrode implantations, in the OFF and then in ON dopaminergic medication states while patients performed wrist movements. Six individual peak frequencies of the STN LFP power spectra were obtained: the greatest decrease in θ and β and greatest increase in γ frequencies in the ON state (MED) and during movements (MOVE). Eight DBS frequencies were applied including 6 MED and MOVE frequencies, high frequency (HF) used for chronic stimulation, and no stimulation. The patients were assessed using the motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (mUPDRS). RESULTS STN DBS at γ frequencies (MED and MOVE) and HF significantly improved mUPDRS scores compared to no stimulation and both γ frequencies were not different from HF. DBS at θ and β frequencies did not worsen mUPDRS scores compared to no stimulation. CONCLUSION Short-term administration of STN DBS at peak dopamine-dependent or movement-related γ frequencies were as effective as HF for reducing parkinsonian motor signs but DBS at θ and β frequencies did not worsen PD motor signs. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that STN DBS at patient-specific γ frequencies and at usual high frequencies both improved mUPDRS scores compared to no stimulation and did not differ in effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Tsang
- Division of Brain Imaging & Behaviour Systems–Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Yang X, Lu H, Yan B, Romano RA, Bian Y, Friedman J, Duggal P, Allen C, Chuang R, Ehsanian R, Si H, Sinha S, Van Waes C, Chen Z. ΔNp63 versatilely regulates a Broad NF-κB gene program and promotes squamous epithelial proliferation, migration, and inflammation. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3688-700. [PMID: 21576089 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and many other epithelial malignancies exhibit increased proliferation, invasion, and inflammation, concomitant with aberrant nuclear activation of TP53 and NF-κB family members ΔNp63, cRel, and RelA. However, the mechanisms of cross-talk by which these transcription factors coordinate gene expression and the malignant phenotype remain elusive. In this study, we showed that ΔNp63 regulates a cohort of genes involved in cell growth, survival, adhesion, and inflammation, which substantially overlaps with the NF-κB transcriptome. ΔNp63 with cRel and/or RelA are recruited to form novel binding complexes on p63 or NF-κB/Rel sites of multitarget gene promoters. Overexpressed ΔNp63- or TNF-α-induced NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) reporter activation depended on RelA/cRel regulatory binding sites. Depletion of RelA or ΔNp63 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited NF-κB-specific, or TNF-α-induced IL-8 reporter activation. ΔNp63 siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation, survival, and migration by HNSCC cells in vitro. Consistent with these data, an increase in nuclear ΔNp63, accompanied by increased proliferation (Ki-67) and adhesion (β4 integrin) markers, and induced inflammatory cell infiltration was observed throughout HNSCC specimens, when compared with the basilar pattern of protein expression and minimal inflammation seen in nonmalignant mucosa. Furthermore, overexpression of ΔNp63α in squamous epithelial cells in transgenic mice leads to increased suprabasilar cRel, Ki-67, and cytokine expression, together with epidermal hyperplasia and diffuse inflammation, similar to HNSCC. Our study reveals ΔNp63 as a master transcription factor that, in coordination with NF-κB/Rels, orchestrates a broad gene program promoting epidermal hyperplasia, inflammation, and the malignant phenotype of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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18
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Wang GS, Narang SK, Wells K, Chuang R. A case series of marijuana exposures in pediatric patients less than 5 years of age. Child Abuse Negl 2011; 35:563-565. [PMID: 21816471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Sam Wang
- Section of Emergency Medicine, The Children's Hospital, The University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, USA
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19
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe a patient with serotonin toxicity after an overdose of dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine and to perform a systematic literature review exploring whether dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine may be equally contributory in the development of serotonin toxicity in overdose. A Medline literature review was undertaken to identify cases of serotonin toxicity due to dextromethorphan and/or chlorphenamine. Case reports were included if they included information on the ingested dose or plasma concentrations of dextromethorphan and/or chlorphenamine, information about co-ingestions and detailed clinical information to evaluate for serotonin toxicity. Cases were reviewed by two toxicologists and serotonin toxicity, defined by the Hunter criteria, was diagnosed when appropriate. The literature was then reviewed to evaluate whether chlorphenamine may be a serotonergic agent. One hundred and fifty-five articles of dextromethorphan or chlorphenamine poisoning were identified. There were 23 case reports of dextromethorphan, of which 18 were excluded for lack of serotonin toxicity. No cases were identified in which serotonin toxicity could be solely attributed to chlorphenamine. This left six cases of dextrometorphane and/or chlorphenamine overdose, including our own, in which serotonin toxicity could be diagnosed based on the presented clinical information. In three of the six eligible cases dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine were the only overdosed drugs. There is substantial evidence from the literature that chlorphenamine is a similarly potent serotonin re-uptake inhibitor when compared with dextrometorphan. Chlorphenamine is a serotonergic medication and combinations of chlorphenamine and dextromethorphan may be dangerous in overdose due to an increased risk of serotonin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Monte
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
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20
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe a patient with serotonin toxicity after an overdose of dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine and to perform a systematic literature review exploring whether dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine may be equally contributory in the development of serotonin toxicity in overdose. A Medline literature review was undertaken to identify cases of serotonin toxicity due to dextromethorphan and/or chlorphenamine. Case reports were included if they included information on the ingested dose or plasma concentrations of dextromethorphan and/or chlorphenamine, information about co-ingestions and detailed clinical information to evaluate for serotonin toxicity. Cases were reviewed by two toxicologists and serotonin toxicity, defined by the Hunter criteria, was diagnosed when appropriate. The literature was then reviewed to evaluate whether chlorphenamine may be a serotonergic agent. One hundred and fifty-five articles of dextromethorphan or chlorphenamine poisoning were identified. There were 23 case reports of dextromethorphan, of which 18 were excluded for lack of serotonin toxicity. No cases were identified in which serotonin toxicity could be solely attributed to chlorphenamine. This left six cases of dextrometorphane and/or chlorphenamine overdose, including our own, in which serotonin toxicity could be diagnosed based on the presented clinical information. In three of the six eligible cases dextromethorphan and chlorphenamine were the only overdosed drugs. There is substantial evidence from the literature that chlorphenamine is a similarly potent serotonin re-uptake inhibitor when compared with dextrometorphan. Chlorphenamine is a serotonergic medication and combinations of chlorphenamine and dextromethorphan may be dangerous in overdose due to an increased risk of serotonin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Monte
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
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21
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Bandyopadhyay S, Mehta M, Kuo D, Sung MK, Chuang R, Jaehnig EJ, Bodenmiller B, Licon K, Copeland W, Shales M, Fiedler D, Dutkowski J, Guénolé A, van Attikum H, Shokat KM, Kolodner RD, Huh WK, Aebersold R, Keogh MC, Krogan NJ, Ideker T. Rewiring of genetic networks in response to DNA damage. Science 2010; 330:1385-9. [PMID: 21127252 PMCID: PMC3006187 DOI: 10.1126/science.1195618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although cellular behaviors are dynamic, the networks that govern these behaviors have been mapped primarily as static snapshots. Using an approach called differential epistasis mapping, we have discovered widespread changes in genetic interaction among yeast kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors as the cell responds to DNA damage. Differential interactions uncover many gene functions that go undetected in static conditions. They are very effective at identifying DNA repair pathways, highlighting new damage-dependent roles for the Slt2 kinase, Pph3 phosphatase, and histone variant Htz1. The data also reveal that protein complexes are generally stable in response to perturbation, but the functional relations between these complexes are substantially reorganized. Differential networks chart a new type of genetic landscape that is invaluable for mapping cellular responses to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monika Mehta
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dwight Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Min-Kyung Sung
- School of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Functional Cellulomics, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Chuang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric J. Jaehnig
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH 8093, Switzerland, and Faculty of Science, University of Zürich, Zürich CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Licon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wilbert Copeland
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Shales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Janusz Dutkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aude Guénolé
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Richard D. Kolodner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Functional Cellulomics, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH 8093, Switzerland, and Faculty of Science, University of Zürich, Zürich CH 8057, Switzerland
| | | | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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22
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Abstract
There are few controlled clinical trials in medical toxicology to guide treatment decisions. Given the relative paucity of definitive data, we determined the types of evidence used to support treatment recommendations given in three major toxicology textbooks. One author reviewed the acetaminophen, tricyclic antidepressant, calcium channel blocker plus any relevant antidote chapters in three textbooks: Goldfranks Toxicologic Emergencies, Critical Care Toxicology, and Medical Toxicology. We identified statements that gave a treatment recommendation and classified the citation using the following system: No citation, general review article, in vitro study, animal study, case reports (n<3), case series (n>2), retrospective study, prospective observational study, and controlled clinical trial. Proportions for each type of citation with 95% confidence intervals were determined. We identified 469 treatment recommendations. We could not classify 57/742 citations. A large number of statements were not referenced (14%, 95% CI 12-17%). The most common citation types were case reports (28%, 95% CI 25-31%) and animal studies (18%, 16-21%). The proportions for the remaining types of citations were: review article (9%, 7-11%), clinical trials (9%, 7-11%), retrospective studies (8%, 6-10%), prospective observational studies (5%, 3-6%), and case series (4%, 3-6%). There is a need for more systematic studies of poisoned patients. As case reports are commonly used to support treatment recommendations, they should be held to rigorous scientific standards and include information to assess the validity of the conclusions. Case reports and animal studies are commonly used as evidence to support treatment recommendations in medical toxicology textbooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chuang
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, 777 Bannock St. MC-0180, Denver, CO 80204-4507, USA.
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23
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Kuo D, Licon K, Bandyopadhyay S, Chuang R, Luo C, Catalana J, Ravasi T, Tan K, Ideker T. Coevolution within a transcriptional network by compensatory trans and cis mutations. Genome Res 2010; 20:1672-8. [PMID: 20978140 DOI: 10.1101/gr.111765.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks have been shown to evolve very rapidly, prompting questions as to how such changes arise and are tolerated. Recent comparisons of transcriptional networks across species have implicated variations in the cis-acting DNA sequences near genes as the main cause of divergence. What is less clear is how these changes interact with trans-acting changes occurring elsewhere in the genetic circuit. Here, we report the discovery of a system of compensatory trans and cis mutations in the yeast AP-1 transcriptional network that allows for conserved transcriptional regulation despite continued genetic change. We pinpoint a single species, the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata, in which a trans mutation has occurred very recently in a single AP-1 family member, distinguishing it from its Saccharomyces ortholog. Comparison of chromatin immunoprecipitation profiles between Candida and Saccharomyces shows that, despite their different DNA-binding domains, the AP-1 orthologs regulate a conserved block of genes. This conservation is enabled by concomitant changes in the cis-regulatory motifs upstream of each gene. Thus, both trans and cis mutations have perturbed the yeast AP-1 regulatory system in such a way as to compensate for one another. This demonstrates an example of "coevolution" between a DNA-binding transcription factor and its cis-regulatory site, reminiscent of the coevolution of protein binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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24
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Ehsanian R, Brown M, Lu H, Yang XP, Pattatheyil A, Yan B, Duggal P, Chuang R, Doondeea J, Feller S, Sudol M, Chen Z, Van Waes C. YAP dysregulation by phosphorylation or ΔNp63-mediated gene repression promotes proliferation, survival and migration in head and neck cancer subsets. Oncogene 2010; 29:6160-71. [PMID: 20729916 PMCID: PMC2991596 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), and TP53 family members ΔNp63 and p73 with which YAP may serve as a nuclear co-factor, have been independently detected in subsets of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Their potential relationship and functional role of YAP in HNSCC are unknown. Here we reveal that in a subset of HNSCC lines and tumors, YAP expression is increased but localized in the cytoplasm in association with increased AKT and YAP phosphorylation, and decreased expression of ΔNp63 and p73. Conversely, YAP expression is decreased but detectable in the nucleus in association with lower AKT and YAP phosphorylation, and increased ΔNp63 and p73 expression, in another subset. Inhibiting AKT decreased Serine-127 phosphorylation and enhanced nuclear translocation of YAP. ΔNp63 repressed YAP expression and bound its promoter. Transfection of a YAP-Serine-127-Alanine phosphoacceptor-site mutant or ΔNp63 knockdown significantly increased nuclear YAP and cell death. Conversely, YAP knockdown enhanced cell proliferation, survival, migration, and cisplatin chemoresistance. Thus, YAP function as a tumor suppressor may alternatively be dysregulated by AKT phosphorylation at Serine-127 and cytoplasmic sequestration, or by transcriptional repression by ΔNp63, in different subsets of HNSCC. AKT and/orΔNp63 are potential targets for enhancing YAP-mediated apoptosis and chemosensitivity in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ehsanian
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1419, USA
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26
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Felberg RA, Krieger DW, Chuang R, Persse DE, Burgin WS, Hickenbottom SL, Morgenstern LB, Rosales O, Grotta JC. Hypothermia after cardiac arrest: feasibility and safety of an external cooling protocol. Circulation 2001; 104:1799-804. [PMID: 11591617 DOI: 10.1161/hc4001.097037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No proven neuroprotective treatment exists for ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Mild-to-moderate induced hypothermia (MIH) is effective in animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS A safety and feasibility trial was designed to evaluate mild-to-moderate induced hypothermia by use of external cooling blankets after cardiac arrest. Inclusion criteria were return of spontaneous circulation within 60 minutes of advanced cardiac life support, hypothermia initiated within 90 minutes, persistent coma, and lack of acute myocardial infarction or unstable dysrhythmia. Hypothermia to 33 degrees C was maintained for 24 hours followed by passive rewarming. Nine patients were prospectively enrolled. Mean time from advanced cardiac life support to return of spontaneous circulation was 11 minutes (range 3 to 30); advanced cardiac life support to initiation of hypothermia was 78 minutes (range 40 to 109); achieving 33 degrees C took 301 minutes (range 90 to 690). Three patients completely recovered, and 1 had partial neurological recovery. One patient developed unstable cardiac dysrhythmia. No other unexpected complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS Mild-to-moderate induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest is feasible and safe. However, external cooling is slow and imprecise. Efforts to speed the start of cooling and to improve the cooling process are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Felberg
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Treatment Team, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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27
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Chuang R, Olshaker J, Robinson D. The analysis of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and temperature in the diagnosis of acute endocarditis. Ann Emerg Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(99)80374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Fraga D, Yano J, Reed MW, Chuang R, Bell W, Van Houten JL, Hinrichsen R. Introducing antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into Paramecium via electroporation. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1998; 45:582-8. [PMID: 9864848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method utilizing electroporation to deliver antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into Paramecium tetraurelia has been developed. For these studies antisense oligonucleotides directed to different regions of the calmodulin mRNA were used. It was found that a pulse delivered at 150-250 V (375-625 V/cm field strength) for 3.9-4.2 ms using a 275 microF capacitor with resistance set at 13 Ohms was sufficient to achieve measurable incorporation of fluorescently-labeled oligodeoxynucleotides in up to 95% of the cells treated. Optimal parameters included using oligodeoxynucleotides of at least 12 bases in length with a 3' blocking group at a dose of around 10 microM. In addition, multiple oligodeoxynucleotides directed to the same target mRNA resulted in at least a 10-fold reduction in the dose of oligodeoxynucleotide required to achieve the desired effects. Taken together, these results indicate that the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can be an easy and useful method for linking genes to specific functions in Paramecium tetraurelia. Finally, this report discusses how different 3' blocking groups and the use of combinations of oligodeoxynucleotides directed to different regions of the same target mRNA can help address concerns about specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fraga
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Basic Sciences, Seattle, Washington.
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29
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Reynolds FH, Pitha PM, Chuang R, Cheng TC, Kazazian HH, Grunberger D. Effects of poly(9-vinyladenine) and poly(1-vinyluracil) on messenger ribonucleic acid template activity. Mol Pharmacol 1975; 11:708-15. [PMID: 1207669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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30
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Chuang R, Chuang L, Laszlo J. A new eukaryotic RNA polymerase factor: a factor from chicken myeloblastosis cells which stimulates transcription of denatured DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 57:1231-9. [PMID: 4364566 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Chuang R, Yamakawa T, Doi RH. Identification of two lysine tRNA cistrons in Bacillus subtilis by hybridization of lysyl-tRNA with DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 43:710-6. [PMID: 4998233 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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