1
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Jamieson CHM, Weissman IL. Stem-Cell Aging and Pathways to Precancer Evolution. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1310-1319. [PMID: 37792614 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H M Jamieson
- From the Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (C.H.M.J.), and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford (I.L.W.) - both in California
| | - Irving L Weissman
- From the Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (C.H.M.J.), and the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford (I.L.W.) - both in California
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2
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Platonova N, Lazzari E, Colombo M, Falleni M, Tosi D, Giannandrea D, Citro V, Casati L, Ronchetti D, Bolli N, Neri A, Torricelli F, Crews LA, Jamieson CHM, Chiaramonte R. The Potential of JAG Ligands as Therapeutic Targets and Predictive Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14558. [PMID: 37834003 PMCID: PMC10572399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH ligands JAG1 and JAG2 have been correlated in vitro with multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation, drug resistance, self-renewal and a pathological crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment resulting in angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggest that a therapeutic approach targeting JAG ligands might be helpful for the care of MM patients and lead us to explore the role of JAG1 and JAG2 in a MM in vivo model and primary patient samples. JAG1 and JAG2 protein expression represents a common feature in MM cell lines; therefore, we assessed their function through JAG1/2 conditional silencing in a MM xenograft model. We observed that JAG1 and JAG2 showed potential as therapeutic targets in MM, as their silencing resulted in a reduction in the tumor burden. Moreover, JAG1 and JAG2 protein expression in MM patients was positively correlated with the presence of MM cells in patients' bone marrow biopsies. Finally, taking advantage of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass global dataset, we showed that JAG2 gene expression level was a predictive biomarker associated with patients' overall survival and progression-free survival, independently from other main molecular or clinical features. Overall, these results strengthened the rationale for the development of a JAG1/2-tailored approach and the use of JAG2 as a predictive biomarker in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Platonova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (L.A.C.); (C.H.M.J.)
- UC San Diego Sanford, Stem Cell Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Monica Falleni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Pathology A.O. San Paolo, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Pathology A.O. San Paolo, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenica Giannandrea
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Valentina Citro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (N.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Leslie A. Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (L.A.C.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (L.A.C.); (C.H.M.J.)
- UC San Diego Sanford, Stem Cell Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.P.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (D.T.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.C.)
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3
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Waksal JA, Bruedigam C, Komrokji RS, Jamieson CHM, Mascarenhas JO. Telomerase-targeted therapies in myeloid malignancies. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4302-4314. [PMID: 37216228 PMCID: PMC10424149 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human telomeres are tandem arrays that are predominantly composed of 5'-TTAGGG-3' nucleotide sequences at the terminal ends of chromosomes. These sequences serve 2 primary functions: they preserve genomic integrity by protecting the ends of chromosomes, preventing inappropriate degradation by DNA repair mechanisms, and they prevent loss of genetic information during cellular division. When telomeres shorten to reach a critical length, termed the Hayflick limit, cell senescence or death is triggered. Telomerase is a key enzyme involved in synthesizing and maintaining the length of telomeres within rapidly dividing cells and is upregulated across nearly all malignant cells. Accordingly, targeting telomerase to inhibit uncontrolled cell growth has been an area of great interest for decades. In this review, we summarize telomere and telomerase biology because it relates to both physiologic and malignant cells. We discuss the development of telomere- and telomerase-targeted therapeutic candidates within the realm of myeloid malignancies. We overview all mechanisms of targeting telomerase that are currently in development, with a particular focus on imetelstat, an oligonucleotide with direct telomerase inhibitory properties that has advanced the furthest in clinical development and has demonstrated promising data in multiple myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Waksal
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Claudia Bruedigam
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - John O. Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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4
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Barker RA, Carpenter M, Jamieson CHM, Murry CE, Pellegrini G, Rao RC, Song J. Lessons learnt, and still to learn, in first in human stem cell trials. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1599-1609. [PMID: 36563687 PMCID: PMC10444539 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing cellular therapies is not straightforward. This Perspective summarizes the experience of a group of academic stem cell investigators working in different clinical areas and aims to share insight into what we wished we knew before starting. These include (1) choosing the stem cell line and assessing the genome of both the starting and final product, (2) familiarity with GMP manufacturing, reagent validation, and supply chain management, (3) product delivery issues and the additional regulatory challenges, (4) the relationship between clinical trial design and preclinical studies, and (5) the market approval requirements, pathways, and partnerships needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | | | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, University of California San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive #0695, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology; Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Bioengineering, and Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Surgery Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jihwan Song
- Jihwan Song, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; iPS Bio, Inc., 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chan WC, Trieger KA, La Clair JJ, Jamieson CHM, Burkart MD. Stereochemical Control of Splice Modulation in FD-895 Analogues. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6577-6590. [PMID: 37155693 PMCID: PMC10586521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly functionalized skeletons of macrolide natural products gain access to rare spatial arrangements of atoms, where changes in stereochemistry can have a profound impact on the structure and function. Spliceosome modulators present a unique consensus motif, with the majority targeting a key interface within the SF3B spliceosome complex. Our recent preparative-scale synthetic campaign of 17S-FD-895 provided unique access to stereochemical analogues of this complex macrolide. Here, we report on the preparation and systematic activity evaluation of multiple FD-895 analogues. These studies examine the effects of modifications at specific stereocenters within the molecule and highlight future directions for medicinal chemical optimization of spliceosome modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren C Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kelsey A Trieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- The Division of Regenerative Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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6
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van der Werf I, Mondala PK, Steel SK, Balaian L, Ladel L, Mason CN, Diep RH, Pham J, Cloos J, Kaspers GJL, Chan WC, Mark A, La Clair JJ, Wentworth P, Fisch KM, Crews LA, Whisenant TC, Burkart MD, Donohoe ME, Jamieson CHM. Detection and targeting of splicing deregulation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100962. [PMID: 36889320 PMCID: PMC10040387 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) is typified by high relapse rates and a relative paucity of somatic DNA mutations. Although seminal studies show that splicing factor mutations and mis-splicing fuel therapy-resistant leukemia stem cell (LSC) generation in adults, splicing deregulation has not been extensively studied in pAML. Herein, we describe single-cell proteogenomics analyses, transcriptome-wide analyses of FACS-purified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells followed by differential splicing analyses, dual-fluorescence lentiviral splicing reporter assays, and the potential of a selective splicing modulator, Rebecsinib, in pAML. Using these methods, we discover transcriptomic splicing deregulation typified by differential exon usage. In addition, we discover downregulation of splicing regulator RBFOX2 and CD47 splice isoform upregulation. Importantly, splicing deregulation in pAML induces a therapeutic vulnerability to Rebecsinib in survival, self-renewal, and lentiviral splicing reporter assays. Taken together, the detection and targeting of splicing deregulation represent a potentially clinically tractable strategy for pAML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Werf
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Phoebe K Mondala
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S Kathleen Steel
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Larisa Balaian
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cayla N Mason
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raymond H Diep
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Pham
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Warren C Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam Mark
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peggy Wentworth
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas C Whisenant
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mary E Donohoe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Crews LA, Ma W, Ladel L, Pham J, Balaian L, Steel SK, Mondala PK, Diep RH, Wu CN, Mason CN, van der Werf I, Oliver I, Reynoso E, Pineda G, Whisenant TC, Wentworth P, La Clair JJ, Jiang Q, Burkart MD, Jamieson CHM. Reversal of malignant ADAR1 splice isoform switching with Rebecsinib. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:250-263.e6. [PMID: 36803553 PMCID: PMC10134781 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) preserves genomic integrity by preventing retroviral integration and retrotransposition during stress responses. However, inflammatory-microenvironment-induced ADAR1p110 to p150 splice isoform switching drives cancer stem cell (CSC) generation and therapeutic resistance in 20 malignancies. Previously, predicting and preventing ADAR1p150-mediated malignant RNA editing represented a significant challenge. Thus, we developed lentiviral ADAR1 and splicing reporters for non-invasive detection of splicing-mediated ADAR1 adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing activation; a quantitative ADAR1p150 intracellular flow cytometric assay; a selective small-molecule inhibitor of splicing-mediated ADAR1 activation, Rebecsinib, which inhibits leukemia stem cell (LSC) self-renewal and prolongs humanized LSC mouse model survival at doses that spare normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs); and pre-IND studies showing favorable Rebecsinib toxicokinetic and pharmacodynamic (TK/PD) properties. Together, these results lay the foundation for developing Rebecsinib as a clinical ADAR1p150 antagonist aimed at obviating malignant microenvironment-driven LSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Crews
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Larisa Balaian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S Kathleen Steel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phoebe K Mondala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raymond H Diep
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christina N Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cayla N Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Inge van der Werf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Isabelle Oliver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eduardo Reynoso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas C Whisenant
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (CCBB), Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peggy Wentworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Lee S, Mendoza TR, Burner DN, Muldong MT, Wu CCN, Arreola-Villanueva C, Zuniga A, Greenburg O, Zhu WY, Murtadha J, Koutouan E, Pineda N, Pham H, Kang SG, Kim HT, Pineda G, Lennon KM, Cacalano NA, Jamieson CHM, Kane CJ, Kulidjian AA, Gaasterland T, Jamieson CAM. Novel Dormancy Mechanism of Castration Resistance in Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063203. [PMID: 35328625 PMCID: PMC8952299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients with bone metastases are treated with androgen pathway directed therapy (APDT). However, this treatment invariably fails and the cancer becomes castration resistant. To elucidate resistance mechanisms and to provide a more predictive pre-clinical research platform reflecting tumor heterogeneity, we established organoids from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer, PCSD1. APDT-resistant PDX-derived organoids (PDOs) emerged when cultured without androgen or with the anti-androgen, enzalutamide. Transcriptomics revealed up-regulation of neurogenic and steroidogenic genes and down-regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, circadian pathways and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 host viral entry factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Time course analysis of the cell cycle in live cells revealed that enzalutamide induced a gradual transition into a reversible dormant state as shown here for the first time at the single cell level in the context of multi-cellular, 3D living organoids using the Fucci2BL fluorescent live cell cycle tracker system. We show here a new mechanism of castration resistance in which enzalutamide induced dormancy and novel basal-luminal-like cells in bone metastatic prostate cancer organoids. These PDX organoids can be used to develop therapies targeting dormant APDT-resistant cells and host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/virology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Organoids/metabolism
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Virus Internalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Theresa R. Mendoza
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Danielle N. Burner
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Michelle T. Muldong
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Christina C. N. Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Catalina Arreola-Villanueva
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Abril Zuniga
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Olga Greenburg
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - William Y. Zhu
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Jamillah Murtadha
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Evodie Koutouan
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Naomi Pineda
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Hao Pham
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Sung-Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Nicholas A. Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | | | - Terry Gaasterland
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christina A. M. Jamieson
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-534-2921
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9
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Geron I, Savino AM, Fishman H, Tal N, Brown J, Turati VA, James C, Sarno J, Hameiri-Grossman M, Lee YN, Rein A, Maniriho H, Birger Y, Zemlyansky A, Muler I, Davis KL, Marcu-Malina V, Mattson N, Parnas O, Wagener R, Fischer U, Barata JT, Jamieson CHM, Müschen M, Chen CW, Borkhardt A, Kirsch IR, Nagler A, Enver T, Izraeli S. An instructive role for Interleukin-7 receptor α in the development of human B-cell precursor leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:659. [PMID: 35115489 PMCID: PMC8814001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase signaling fuels growth of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Yet its role in leukemia initiation is unclear and has not been shown in primary human hematopoietic cells. We previously described activating mutations in interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL7RA) in poor-prognosis "ph-like" BCP-ALL. Here we show that expression of activated mutant IL7RA in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induces a preleukemic state in transplanted immunodeficient NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull mice, characterized by persistence of self-renewing Pro-B cells with non-productive V(D)J gene rearrangements. Preleukemic CD34+CD10highCD19+ cells evolve into BCP-ALL with spontaneously acquired Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2 A (CDKN2A) deletions, as commonly observed in primary human BCP-ALL. CRISPR mediated gene silencing of CDKN2A in primary human CD34+ cells transduced with activated IL7RA results in robust development of BCP-ALLs in-vivo. Thus, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of IL7RA can initiate preleukemia in primary human hematopoietic progenitors and cooperates with CDKN2A silencing in progression into BCP-ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/immunology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- RNA-Seq/methods
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Geron
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Angela Maria Savino
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hila Fishman
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - John Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Chela James
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jolanda Sarno
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michal Hameiri-Grossman
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Pediatric Department and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avigail Rein
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hillary Maniriho
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yehudit Birger
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Anna Zemlyansky
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Inna Muler
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Kara L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Marcu-Malina
- Cytogenetic Unit laboratory of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nicole Mattson
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Oren Parnas
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, Ja Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Arnon Nagler
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Hematology Division BMT and Cord Blood Bank Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel.
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA.
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10
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Mondala PK, Vora AA, Zhou T, Lazzari E, Ladel L, Luo X, Kim Y, Costello C, MacLeod AR, Jamieson CHM, Crews LA. Selective antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of human IRF4 prevents malignant myeloma regeneration via cell cycle disruption. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:623-636.e9. [PMID: 33476575 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, inflammatory and anti-viral pathways promote disease progression and cancer stem cell generation. Using diverse pre-clinical models, we investigated the role of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in myeloma progenitor regeneration. In a patient-derived xenograft model that recapitulates IRF4 pathway activation in human myeloma, we test the effects of IRF4 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and identify a lead agent for clinical development (ION251). IRF4 overexpression expands myeloma progenitors, while IRF4 ASOs impair myeloma cell survival and reduce IRF4 and c-MYC expression. IRF4 ASO monotherapy impedes tumor formation and myeloma dissemination in xenograft models, improving animal survival. Moreover, IRF4 ASOs eradicate myeloma progenitors and malignant plasma cells while sparing normal human hematopoietic stem cell development. Mechanistically, IRF4 inhibition disrupts cell cycle progression, downregulates stem cell and cell adhesion transcript expression, and promotes sensitivity to myeloma drugs. These findings will enable rapid clinical development of selective IRF4 inhibitors to prevent myeloma progenitor-driven relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe K Mondala
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ashni A Vora
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Elisa Lazzari
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Costello
- Moores Cancer Center at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Silvestri G, Trotta R, Stramucci L, Ellis JJ, Harb JG, Neviani P, Wang S, Eisfeld AK, Walker CJ, Zhang B, Srutova K, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Pineda G, Jamieson CHM, Stagno F, Vigneri P, Nteliopoulos G, May PC, Reid AG, Garzon R, Roy DC, Moutuou MM, Guimond M, Hokland P, Deininger MW, Fitzgerald G, Harman C, Dazzi F, Milojkovic D, Apperley JF, Marcucci G, Qi J, Polakova KM, Zou Y, Fan X, Baer MR, Calabretta B, Perrotti D. Persistence of Drug-Resistant Leukemic Stem Cells and Impaired NK Cell Immunity in CML Patients Depend on MIR300 Antiproliferative and PP2A-Activating Functions. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:48-67. [PMID: 32974613 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.bcd-19-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of drug-resistant quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSC) and impaired natural killer (NK) cell immune response account for relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is essential for CML-quiescent LSC survival and NK cell antitumor activity. Here we show that MIR300 has antiproliferative and PP2A-activating functions that are dose dependently differentially induced by CCND2/CDK6 and SET inhibition, respectively. MIR300 is upregulated in CML LSCs and NK cells by bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) signals to induce quiescence and impair immune response, respectively. Conversely, BCR-ABL1 downregulates MIR300 in CML progenitors to prevent growth arrest and PP2A-mediated apoptosis. Quiescent LSCs escape apoptosis by upregulating TUG1 long noncoding RNA that uncouples and limits MIR300 function to cytostasis. Genetic and pharmacologic MIR300 modulation and/or PP2A-activating drug treatment restore NK cell activity, inhibit BMM-induced growth arrest, and selectively trigger LSC apoptosis in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts; hence, the importance of MIR300 and PP2A activity for CML development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovannino Silvestri
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rossana Trotta
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lorenzo Stramucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin J Ellis
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason G Harb
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paolo Neviani
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher J Walker
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Klara Srutova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Unit of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Division of Hematology and Unit of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Georgios Nteliopoulos
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C May
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair G Reid
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Garrett Fitzgerald
- Center for Advanced Fetal Care University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Harman
- Center for Advanced Fetal Care University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Division of Cancer Studies, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dragana Milojkovic
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ying Zou
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria R Baer
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Crews LA, Lazzari E, Mondala PK, Santos ND, Miller A, Pineda G, Jiang Q, Ganesan AP, Wu C, Costello C, Minden M, Chiaramonte R, Stewart AK, Jamieson CHM. Abstract 4437: Down-modulation of ADAR1-mediated GLI1 editing alters extracellular and immune response genes in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Representing 10% of hematologic malignancies, multiple myeloma (MM) is typified by clonal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and may progress to therapy-resistant plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Despite many novel therapies, relapse rates remain high as a result of malignant regeneration (self-renewal) of MM cells in inflammatory microenvironments. In addition to recurrent DNA mutations and epigenetic deregulation, inflammatory cytokine-responsive adenosine deaminase associated with RNA (ADAR1)-mediated adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing has emerged as a key driver of cancer relapse and progression. In MM, copy number amplification of chromosome 1q21, which contains both ADAR1 and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene loci, portends a poor prognosis. Thus, we hypothesized that ADAR1 copy number amplification combined with inflammatory cytokine activation of ADAR1 stimulates malignant regeneration of MM and therapeutic resistance.
Methods and Results: Analysis of MMRF CoMMpass RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed that high ADAR1 expression (n=162 patients) correlated with significantly reduced progression-free and overall survival compared with a low ADAR1 subset (n=159 patients). In contrast to lentiviral ADAR1 shRNA knockdown and overexpression of an editase defective ADAR1 mutant (ADAR1E912A), lentiviral wild-type ADAR1 overexpression enhanced editing of GLI1, a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway transcriptional activator and self-renewal agonist. Editing of GLI1 transcripts enhanced GLI transcriptional activity in luciferase reporter assays, and promoted lenalidomide resistance in vitro. Finally, lentiviral shRNA ADAR1 knockdown reduced regeneration of high-risk MM in humanized serial transplantation mouse models, indicative of reduced malignant self-renewal capacity. Whole-transcriptome RNA-sequencing of primary samples after lentiviral shRNA knockdown of ADAR1 revealed specific modulation of extracellular and immune response genes, while overexpression of wild-type versus edited GLI1 elicited distinct gene expression changes in human myeloma cells analyzed using NanoString nCounter assays. These data demonstrate that ADAR1 promotes malignant self-renewal of MM and, if selectively inhibited, may prevent progression and relapse through modulation of extracellular and immune response genes.
Conclusions: Deregulated RNA editing, driven by aberrant ADAR1 activation, represents a unique source of transcriptomic and proteomic diversity, resulting in self-renewal of MM cells in inflammatory microenvironments. In summary, both genetic (1q21 amplification) and microenvironmental factors (inflammatory cytokines, IMiDs) combine to drive GLI1-dependent malignant regeneration in MM. Thus, ADAR1 represents both a vital prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in MM.
Citation Format: Leslie A. Crews, Elisa Lazzari, Phoebe K. Mondala, Nathaniel Delos Santos, Amber Miller, Gabriel Pineda, Qingfei Jiang, Anusha-Preethi Ganesan, Christina Wu, Caitlin Costello, Mark Minden, Raffaella Chiaramonte, A. Keith Stewart, Catriona H. M. Jamieson. Down-modulation of ADAR1-mediated GLI1 editing alters extracellular and immune response genes in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4437.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Minden
- 3Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Jamieson CHM. Abstract IA12: The role of malignant RNA editing in leukemia stem cell generation. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.hemmal17-ia12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Deregulation of RNA processing contributes to cancer progression and drug resistance. As a major driver of coding and noncoding transcriptomic diversity, adenosine deaminase associated with RNA1 (ADAR1) induces hydrolytic deamination of adenosines (A) to inosines (I) in response to proinflammatory cytokines elicited by viral infection or malignant microenvironments. Recently, we and other groups demonstrated that enhanced A-to-I RNA editing promotes therapeutic resistance of many cancers, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). As a paradigm for dissecting the molecular evolution of cancer, MPNs are initiated in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by BCR-ABL1, JAK2 V617F or CALR mutation expression and transform to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as a result of malignant reprogramming of progenitors into self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSCs). With regard to the role of noncoding RNA editing in LSC evolution, ADAR1 enhances self-renewal of preleukemic progenitors in CML by impairing let-7 microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Moreover, ADAR1 editase activity suppresses the expression of miRNAs that regulate cell cycle, cancer progression, p53 stabilization, and WNT signaling. In addition to noncoding transcript deregulation, A-to-I editing is also observed in coding regions of stem cell regulatory transcripts, such as the sonic hedgehog transcriptional activator GLI1, and induces mis-splicing of GSK3β, thereby enhancing β-catenin activation. In summary, RNA editing research will inform the development of clinically tractable strategies for predicting and preventing LSC generation.
Citation Format: Catriona H. M. Jamieson. The role of malignant RNA editing in leukemia stem cell generation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; May 6-9, 2017; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(24_Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
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14
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Lazzari E, Mondala PK, Santos ND, Miller AC, Pineda G, Jiang Q, Leu H, Ali SA, Ganesan AP, Wu CN, Costello C, Minden M, Chiaramonte R, Stewart AK, Crews LA, Jamieson CHM. Alu-dependent RNA editing of GLI1 promotes malignant regeneration in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1922. [PMID: 29203771 PMCID: PMC5715072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite novel therapies, relapse of multiple myeloma (MM) is virtually inevitable. Amplification of chromosome 1q, which harbors the inflammation-responsive RNA editase adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)1 gene, occurs in 30–50% of MM patients and portends a poor prognosis. Since adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has recently emerged as a driver of cancer progression, genomic amplification combined with inflammatory cytokine activation of ADAR1 could stimulate MM progression and therapeutic resistance. Here, we report that high ADAR1 RNA expression correlates with reduced patient survival rates in the MMRF CoMMpass data set. Expression of wild-type, but not mutant, ADAR1 enhances Alu-dependent editing and transcriptional activity of GLI1, a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway transcriptional activator and self-renewal agonist, and promotes immunomodulatory drug resistance in vitro. Finally, ADAR1 knockdown reduces regeneration of high-risk MM in serially transplantable patient-derived xenografts. These data demonstrate that ADAR1 promotes malignant regeneration of MM and if selectively inhibited may obviate progression and relapse. The treatment of multiple myeloma is challenging due to high relapse rates. Here the authors show that expression of ADAR1 correlates with poor patient outcomes, and that ADAR1-mediated editing of GLI1 is a mechanism relevant in the context of multiple myeloma progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lazzari
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Phoebe K Mondala
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathaniel Delos Santos
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amber C Miller
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Services at National University, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Heather Leu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shawn A Ali
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anusha-Preethi Ganesan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christina N Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Caitlin Costello
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark Minden
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2M9
| | | | - A Keith Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can regenerate all facets of a tumour as a result of their stem cell-like capacity to self-renew, survive and become dormant in protective microenvironments. CSCs evolve during tumour progression in a manner that conforms to Charles Darwin's principle of natural selection. Although somatic DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations promote evolution, post-transcriptional RNA modifications together with RNA binding protein activity (the 'epitranscriptome') might also contribute to clonal evolution through dynamic determination of RNA function and gene expression diversity in response to environmental stimuli. Deregulation of these epitranscriptomic events contributes to CSC generation and maintenance, which governs cancer progression and drug resistance. In this Review, we discuss the role of malignant RNA processing in CSC generation and maintenance, including mechanisms of RNA methylation, RNA editing and RNA splicing, and the functional consequences of their aberrant regulation in human malignancies. Finally, we highlight the potential of these events as novel CSC biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Frida Holm
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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16
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Hirata T, Park SC, Muldong MT, Wu CN, Yamaguchi T, Strasner A, Raheem O, Kumon H, Sah RL, Cacalano NA, Jamieson CHM, Kane CJ, Masuda K, Kulidjian AA, Jamieson CAM. Specific bone region localization of osteolytic versus osteoblastic lesions in a patient-derived xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2016; 3:229-239. [PMID: 29264191 PMCID: PMC5730873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bone metastasis occurs in up to 90% of men with advanced prostate cancer and leads to fractures, severe pain and therapy-resistance. Bone metastases induce a spectrum of types of bone lesions which can respond differently to therapy even within individual prostate cancer patients. Thus, the special environment of the bone makes the disease more complicated and incurable. A model in which bone lesions are reproducibly induced that mirrors the complexity seen in patients would be invaluable for pre-clinical testing of novel treatments. The microstructural changes in the femurs of mice implanted with PCSD1, a new patient-derived xenograft from a surgical prostate cancer bone metastasis specimen, were determined. Methods Quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of direct injection of PCSD1 cells or media alone (Control) into the right femurs of Rag2−/−γc−/− male mice. Results Bone lesions formed only in femurs of mice injected with PCSD1 cells. Bone volume (BV) was significantly decreased at the proximal and distal ends of the femurs (p < 0.01) whereas BV (p < 0.05) and bone shaft diameter (p < 0.01) were significantly increased along the femur shaft. Conclusion PCSD1 cells reproducibly induced bone loss leading to osteolytic lesions at the ends of the femur, and, in contrast, induced aberrant bone formation leading to osteoblastic lesions along the femur shaft. Therefore, the interaction of PCSD1 cells with different bone region-specific microenvironments specified the type of bone lesion. Our approach can be used to determine if different bone regions support more therapy resistant tumor growth, thus, requiring novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seung Chol Park
- Department of Urology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Michelle T Muldong
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina N Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomonori Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy Strasner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Omer Raheem
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiromi Kumon
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Kane
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna A Kulidjian
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina A M Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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17
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Zipeto MA, Court AC, Sadarangani A, Delos Santos NP, Balaian L, Chun HJ, Pineda G, Morris SR, Mason CN, Geron I, Barrett C, Goff DJ, Wall R, Pellecchia M, Minden M, Frazer KA, Marra MA, Crews LA, Jiang Q, Jamieson CHM. ADAR1 Activation Drives Leukemia Stem Cell Self-Renewal by Impairing Let-7 Biogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:177-191. [PMID: 27292188 PMCID: PMC4975616 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) promotes cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. However, ADAR1 editase-dependent mechanisms governing leukemia stem cell (LSC) generation have not been elucidated. In blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (BC CML), we show that increased JAK2 signaling and BCR-ABL1 amplification activate ADAR1. In a humanized BC CML mouse model, combined JAK2 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition prevents LSC self-renewal commensurate with ADAR1 downregulation. Lentiviral ADAR1 wild-type, but not an editing-defective ADAR1(E912A) mutant, induces self-renewal gene expression and impairs biogenesis of stem cell regulatory let-7 microRNAs. Combined RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, CLIP-ADAR1, and pri-let-7 mutagenesis data suggest that ADAR1 promotes LSC generation via let-7 pri-microRNA editing and LIN28B upregulation. A small-molecule tool compound antagonizes ADAR1's effect on LSC self-renewal in stromal co-cultures and restores let-7 biogenesis. Thus, ADAR1 activation represents a unique therapeutic vulnerability in LSCs with active JAK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Zipeto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angela C Court
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anil Sadarangani
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Delos Santos
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Larisa Balaian
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hye-Jung Chun
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheldon R Morris
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cayla N Mason
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ifat Geron
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian Barrett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel J Goff
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Russell Wall
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mark Minden
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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18
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Pineda G, Lennon KM, Delos Santos NP, Lambert-Fliszar F, Riso GL, Lazzari E, Marra MA, Morris S, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Jamieson CHM. Tracking of Normal and Malignant Progenitor Cell Cycle Transit in a Defined Niche. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23885. [PMID: 27041210 PMCID: PMC4819192 DOI: 10.1038/srep23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While implicated in therapeutic resistance, malignant progenitor cell cycle kinetics have been difficult to quantify in real-time. We developed an efficient lentiviral bicistronic fluorescent, ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator reporter (Fucci2BL) to image live single progenitors on a defined niche coupled with cell cycle gene expression analysis. We have identified key differences in cell cycle regulatory gene expression and transit times between normal and chronic myeloid leukemia progenitors that may inform cancer stem cell eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pineda
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Kathleen M Lennon
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Delos Santos
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Florence Lambert-Fliszar
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Gennarina L Riso
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.,Doctoral School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheldon Morris
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Divisions of Regenerative Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
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19
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Smith EN, Ghia EM, DeBoever CM, Rassenti LZ, Jepsen K, Yoon KA, Matsui H, Rozenzhak S, Alakus H, Shepard PJ, Dai Y, Khosroheidari M, Bina M, Gunderson KL, Messer K, Muthuswamy L, Hudson TJ, Harismendy O, Barrett CL, Jamieson CHM, Carson DA, Kipps TJ, Frazer KA. Genetic and epigenetic profiling of CLL disease progression reveals limited somatic evolution and suggests a relationship to memory-cell development. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e303. [PMID: 25860294 PMCID: PMC4450323 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during disease progression from indolent to aggressive forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using serial samples from 27 patients. Analysis of DNA mutations grouped the leukemia cases into three categories: evolving (26%), expanding (26%) and static (47%). Thus, approximately three-quarters of the CLL cases had little to no genetic subclonal evolution. However, we identified significant recurrent DNA methylation changes during progression at 4752 CpGs enriched for regions near Polycomb 2 repressive complex (PRC2) targets. Progression-associated CpGs near the PRC2 targets undergo methylation changes in the same direction during disease progression as during normal development from naive to memory B cells. Our study shows that CLL progression does not typically occur via subclonal evolution, but that certain CpG sites undergo recurrent methylation changes. Our results suggest CLL progression may involve developmental processes shared in common with the generation of normal memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Smith
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E M Ghia
- 1] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C M DeBoever
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Z Rassenti
- 1] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K-A Yoon
- Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Matsui
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Rozenzhak
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Alakus
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P J Shepard
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y Dai
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Khosroheidari
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Bina
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K L Gunderson
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K Messer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Muthuswamy
- 1] Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T J Hudson
- 1] Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Harismendy
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C L Barrett
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C H M Jamieson
- 1] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D A Carson
- 1] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T J Kipps
- 1] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K A Frazer
- 1] Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [4] Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sadarangani A, Pineda G, Lennon KM, Chun HJ, Shih A, Schairer AE, Court AC, Goff DJ, Prashad SL, Geron I, Wall R, McPherson JD, Moore RA, Pu M, Bao L, Jackson-Fisher A, Munchhof M, VanArsdale T, Reya T, Morris SR, Minden MD, Messer K, Mikkola HKA, Marra MA, Hudson TJ, Jamieson CHM. GLI2 inhibition abrogates human leukemia stem cell dormancy. J Transl Med 2015; 13:98. [PMID: 25889765 PMCID: PMC4414375 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dormant leukemia stem cells (LSC) promote therapeutic resistance and leukemic progression as a result of unbridled activation of stem cell gene expression programs. Thus, we hypothesized that 1) deregulation of the hedgehog (Hh) stem cell self-renewal and cell cycle regulatory pathway would promote dormant human LSC generation and 2) that PF-04449913, a clinical antagonist of the GLI2 transcriptional activator, smoothened (SMO), would enhance dormant human LSC eradication. METHODS To test these postulates, whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), microarray, qRT-PCR, stromal co-culture, confocal fluorescence microscopic, nanoproteomic, serial transplantation and cell cycle analyses were performed on FACS purified normal, chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), blast crisis (BC) phase CML progenitors with or without PF-04449913 treatment. RESULTS Notably, RNA-seq analyses revealed that Hh pathway and cell cycle regulatory gene overexpression correlated with leukemic progression. While lentivirally enforced GLI2 expression enhanced leukemic progenitor dormancy in stromal co-cultures, this was not observed with a mutant GLI2 lacking a transactivation domain, suggesting that GLI2 expression prevented cell cycle transit. Selective SMO inhibition with PF-04449913 in humanized stromal co-cultures and LSC xenografts reduced downstream GLI2 protein and cell cycle regulatory gene expression. Moreover, SMO inhibition enhanced cell cycle transit and sensitized BC LSC to tyrosine kinase inhibition in vivo at doses that spare normal HSC. CONCLUSION In summary, while GLI2, forms part of a core HH pathway transcriptional regulatory network that promotes human myeloid leukemic progression and dormant LSC generation, selective inhibition with PF-04449913 reduces the dormant LSC burden thereby providing a strong rationale for clinical trials predicated on SMO inhibition in combination with TKIs or chemotherapeutic agents with the ultimate aim of obviating leukemic therapeutic resistance, persistence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Sadarangani
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA.
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Lennon
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Hye-Jung Chun
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Alice Shih
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Annelie E Schairer
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Angela C Court
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Sacha L Prashad
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ifat Geron
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Russell Wall
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | | | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Minya Pu
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Sheldon R Morris
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Mark D Minden
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA.
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21
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DeBoever C, Ghia EM, Shepard PJ, Rassenti L, Barrett CL, Jepsen K, Jamieson CHM, Carson D, Kipps TJ, Frazer KA. Transcriptome sequencing reveals potential mechanism of cryptic 3' splice site selection in SF3B1-mutated cancers. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004105. [PMID: 25768983 PMCID: PMC4358997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the splicing factor SF3B1 are found in several cancer types and have been associated with various splicing defects. Using transcriptome sequencing data from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, breast cancer and uveal melanoma tumor samples, we show that hundreds of cryptic 3’ splice sites (3’SSs) are used in cancers with SF3B1 mutations. We define the necessary sequence context for the observed cryptic 3’ SSs and propose that cryptic 3’SS selection is a result of SF3B1 mutations causing a shift in the sterically protected region downstream of the branch point. While most cryptic 3’SSs are present at low frequency (<10%) relative to nearby canonical 3’SSs, we identified ten genes that preferred out-of-frame cryptic 3’SSs. We show that cancers with mutations in the SF3B1 HEAT 5-9 repeats use cryptic 3’SSs downstream of the branch point and provide both a mechanistic model consistent with published experimental data and affected targets that will guide further research into the oncogenic effects of SF3B1 mutation. A key goal of cancer genomics studies is to identify genes that are recurrently mutated at a rate above background and likely contribute to cancer development. Many such recurrently mutated genes have been identified over the last few years, but we often do not know the underlying mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer growth. Unexpectedly, several genes in the spliceosome, the collection of RNAs and proteins that remove introns from transcribed RNAs, are recurrently mutated in different cancers. Here, we have examined mutations in the splicing factor SF3B1, a key component of the spliceosome, and identified a global splicing defect present in different cancers with SF3B1 mutations by comparing the expression of splice junctions using generalized linear models. While prior studies have reported a limited number of aberrant splicing events in SF3B1-mutated cancers, we have established that SF3B1 mutations are associated with usage of hundreds of atypical splice sites at the 3’ end of the intron. We have identified nucleotide sequence requirements for these cryptic splice sites that are consistent with a proposed mechanistic model. These findings greatly expand our understanding of the effect of SF3B1 mutations on splicing and provide new targets for determining the oncogenic effect of SF3B1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher DeBoever
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Emanuela M. Ghia
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Shepard
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christian L. Barrett
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Crews LA, Jiang Q, Zipeto MA, Lazzari E, Court AC, Ali S, Barrett CL, Frazer KA, Jamieson CHM. An RNA editing fingerprint of cancer stem cell reprogramming. J Transl Med 2015; 13:52. [PMID: 25889244 PMCID: PMC4341880 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of RNA editing by adenosine deaminases acting on dsRNA (ADARs) has been implicated in the progression of diverse human cancers including hematopoietic malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Inflammation-associated activation of ADAR1 occurs in leukemia stem cells specifically in the advanced, often drug-resistant stage of CML known as blast crisis. However, detection of cancer stem cell-associated RNA editing by RNA sequencing in these rare cell populations can be technically challenging, costly and requires PCR validation. The objectives of this study were to validate RNA editing of a subset of cancer stem cell-associated transcripts, and to develop a quantitative RNA editing fingerprint assay for rapid detection of aberrant RNA editing in human malignancies. METHODS To facilitate quantification of cancer stem cell-associated RNA editing in exons and intronic or 3'UTR primate-specific Alu sequences using a sensitive, cost-effective method, we established an in vitro RNA editing model and developed a sensitive RNA editing fingerprint assay that employs a site-specific quantitative PCR (RESSq-PCR) strategy. This assay was validated in a stably-transduced human leukemia cell line, lentiviral-ADAR1 transduced primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and in primary human chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. RESULTS In lentiviral ADAR1-expressing cells, increased RNA editing of MDM2, APOBEC3D, GLI1 and AZIN1 transcripts was detected by RESSq-PCR with improved sensitivity over sequencing chromatogram analysis. This method accurately detected cancer stem cell-associated RNA editing in primary chronic myeloid leukemia samples, establishing a cancer stem cell-specific RNA editing fingerprint of leukemic transformation that will support clinical development of novel diagnostic tools to predict and prevent cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS RNA editing quantification enables rapid detection of malignant progenitors signifying cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, and will aid future RNA editing inhibitor development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Crews
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Maria A Zipeto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Elisa Lazzari
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Doctoral School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angela C Court
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Shawn Ali
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Christian L Barrett
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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23
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Mansour MR, Sanda T, Lawton LN, Li X, Kreslavsky T, Novina CD, Brand M, Gutierrez A, Kelliher MA, Jamieson CHM, von Boehmer H, Young RA, Look AT. The TAL1 complex targets the FBXW7 tumor suppressor by activating miR-223 in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1545-57. [PMID: 23857984 PMCID: PMC3727321 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
miR-223 is upregulated by the transcription factor TAL1 in human T-ALL cells and suppress the FBXW7 tumor suppressor. The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL is aberrantly expressed in 60% of cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and initiates T-ALL in mouse models. By performing global microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling after depletion of TAL1, together with genome-wide analysis of TAL1 occupancy by chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to massively parallel DNA sequencing, we identified the miRNA genes directly controlled by TAL1 and its regulatory partners HEB, E2A, LMO1/2, GATA3, and RUNX1. The most dynamically regulated miRNA was miR-223, which is bound at its promoter and up-regulated by the TAL1 complex. miR-223 expression mirrors TAL1 levels during thymic development, with high expression in early thymocytes and marked down-regulation after the double-negative-2 stage of maturation. We demonstrate that aberrant miR-223 up-regulation by TAL1 is important for optimal growth of TAL1-positive T-ALL cells and that sustained expression of miR-223 partially rescues T-ALL cells after TAL1 knockdown. Overexpression of miR-223 also leads to marked down-regulation of FBXW7 protein expression, whereas knockdown of TAL1 leads to up-regulation of FBXW7 protein levels, with a marked reduction of its substrates MYC, MYB, NOTCH1, and CYCLIN E. We conclude that TAL1-mediated up-regulation of miR-223 promotes the malignant phenotype in T-ALL through repression of the FBXW7 tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Mansour
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
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Talpaz M, Jamieson CHM, Gabrail NY, Lebedinsky C, Liu F, Cao H, Tefferi A, Pardanani AD. Modulation of plasma cytokines and its association with clinical response to treatment with the JAK2-selective inhibitor SAR302503 in myelofibrosis (MF). J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7110 Background: Abnormal cytokine expression may represent an inflammatory response that contributes to the clinical phenotype of MF. Some constitutional symptoms (eg. fever, fatigue, pruritus, cachexia) are thought to be caused by elevated cytokines. In phase I/II studies, SAR302503 reduced splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients with MF. Here, we report the effects of SAR302503 on the expression of 97 cytokines in MF patients enrolled in a Phase II study (NCT01420770) and the relationship to clinical response (spleen size), pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure, and body weight changes. Methods: Thirty-one patients were randomized to receive 300, 400, or 500 mg of SAR302503 orally, once daily, continuously in 4-week cycles. Plasma cytokines were measured at baseline and at the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment using a microsphere-based immuno-multiplex assay (Rules Based Medicine). Results: Complete sample sets were available for 29/31 patients. A total of 28 cytokines predominantly involved in immune/inflammation pathways were regulated ≥1.5-fold (ANOVA P<0.05) and of these, 19 were regulated at all time points, indicating rapid and sustained modulation by JAK2 inhibition. At 4 weeks, 16 cytokines were down-regulated, including TNFα, IL-1RA, and IL-18, and 6 were up-regulated, including leptin, EPO, and adiponectin. Hierarchical clustering of the 22 regulated cytokines enriched patients into spleen responder (≥35% reduction in spleen volume by MRI) and non-responder groups, suggesting a link between cytokine modulation and clinical response. Moderate correlations (P<0.05) with spleen volume reduction at the end of week 12 were seen for a subset of regulated cytokines, including adiponectin and TNFα. Levels of the majority of the regulated cytokines tended to correlate with steady state PK exposure at week 4. A positive association with weight changes at week 24 were observed for leptin and adiponectin at week 4 (P<0.05). Conclusions: This analysis shows that SAR302503 treatment modulated the expression of circulating cytokines in MF patients in association with changes in clinical activity, PK exposure, and symptom improvement (weight gain). Clinical trial information: NCT01420770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Talpaz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Cao
- Sanofi-Aventis, Cambridge, MA
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Pardanani AD, Jamieson CHM, Gabrail NY, Lebedinsky C, Gao G, Patki A, Liu F, Tefferi A, Talpaz M. Updated results from a randomized phase II dose-ranging study of the JAK2-selective inhibitor SAR302503 in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7109 Background: We previously reported results of treating MF patients with 3 cycles of 300, 400, or 500 mg of SAR302503 (NCT01420770; Blood 2012;120:21 Abs 2837). This is a report of efficacy and safety after 6 cycles. Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age with intermediate-2 or high-risk MF and splenomegaly were eligible. SAR302503 is administered orally, once a day in consecutive 4-week cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Spleen response (≥35% reduction in spleen volume vs baseline) was assessed by MRI/CT (blinded independent central review). Results: 31 patients were enrolled (n=10 in the 300 and 400 mg groups; n=11 to 500 mg). Risk status was balanced in all but the 300 mg group (70% high-risk). Most patients were JAK2V617F positive (90%) and blood transfusion independent (81%). Spleen response rates at the end of cycle (EOC) 6 (secondary end point) were 30% (3/10) in the 300 mg group, 60% (6/10) with 400 mg, and 55% (6/11) with 500 mg compared with EOC 3 rates of 30%, 50%, and 64%, respectively. One patient on 500 mg who had a spleen response at EOC 3 (39% reduction), but not at EOC 6 (25% reduction) had dose reductions to 200 mg due to anemia. Median number of cycles was 13 (range, 2–17) and 24 patients have been on treatment >12 months. SAR302503 reduced baseline constitutional symptoms at the EOC 3, with the greatest responses for night sweats in 14/15 patients (93%), itching 10/14 (71%), early satiety and abdominal pain, each in 10/18 (56%). Most common adverse events were anemia and diarrhea, with grade 3–4 rates of 58% and 13%, respectively. The rate of grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia was 16%. There was no grade 3–4 neutropenia. The diarrhea rate tended to decrease after the first 2 treatment cycles. There have been no reports of withdrawal syndrome after stopping SAR302503. Median JAK2V617F allele burden was 93% at baseline, 87% at the EOC 3, and 78% at EOC 6 in 19/26 patients who had available samples. The expression of 22 of 97 cytokines was significantly regulated (≥1.5 fold difference; p<0.05) after cycle 1. Conclusions: In this Phase II trial, continued treatment with SAR302503 was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in splenomegaly. Symptom data will be updated. Clinical trial information: NCT01420770.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moshe Talpaz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Barrett CL, Schwab RB, Jung H, Crain B, Goff DJ, Jamieson CHM, Thistlethwaite PA, Harismendy O, Carson DA, Frazer KA. Transcriptome sequencing of tumor subpopulations reveals a spectrum of therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58714. [PMID: 23527012 PMCID: PMC3604164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The only therapeutic options that exist for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) are standard radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to account for therapeutic resistance, suggesting that CSCs must be specifically targeted. Here, we analyze the transcriptome of CSC and non-CSC subpopulations by RNA-seq to identify new potential therapeutic strategies for SCC. Methods We sorted a SCC into CD133− and CD133+ subpopulations and then examined both by copy number analysis (CNA) and whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data of 221 SCCs to determine the generality of our observations. Results Both subpopulations highly expressed numerous mRNA isoforms whose protein products are active drug targets for other cancers; 31 (25%) correspond to 18 genes under active investigation as mAb targets and an additional 4 (3%) are of therapeutic interest. Moreover, we found evidence that both subpopulations were proliferatively driven by very high levels of c-Myc and the TRAIL long isoform (TRAILL) and that normal apoptotic responses to high expression of these genes was prevented through high levels of Mcl-1L and Bcl-xL and c-FlipL—isoforms for which drugs are now in clinical development. SCC RNA-seq data (n = 221) from TCGA supported our findings. Our analysis is inconsistent with the CSC concept that most cells in a cancer have lost their proliferative potential. Furthermore, our study suggests how to target both the CSC and non-CSC subpopulations with one treatment strategy. Conclusions Our study is relevant to SCC in particular for it presents numerous potential options to standard therapy that target the entire tumor. In so doing, it demonstrates how transcriptome sequencing provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer propagating cells that, importantly, can be leveraged to identify new potential therapeutic options for cancers beyond what is possible with DNA sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/classification
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L. Barrett
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Schwab
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - HyunChul Jung
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Sanda T, Tyner JW, Gutierrez A, Ngo VN, Glover J, Chang BH, Yost A, Ma W, Fleischman AG, Zhou W, Yang Y, Kleppe M, Ahn Y, Tatarek J, Kelliher MA, Neuberg DS, Levine RL, Moriggl R, Müller M, Gray NS, Jamieson CHM, Weng AP, Staudt LM, Druker BJ, Look AT. TYK2-STAT1-BCL2 pathway dependence in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:564-77. [PMID: 23471820 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeted molecular therapy has yielded remarkable outcomes in certain cancers, but specific therapeutic targets remain elusive for many others. As a result of two independent RNA interference (RNAi) screens, we identified pathway dependence on a member of the Janus-activated kinase (JAK) tyrosine kinase family, TYK2, and its downstream effector STAT1, in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Gene knockdown experiments consistently showed TYK2 dependence in both T-ALL primary specimens and cell lines, and a small-molecule inhibitor of JAK activity induced T-ALL cell death. Activation of this TYK2-STAT1 pathway in T-ALL cell lines occurs by gain-of-function TYK2 mutations or activation of interleukin (IL)-10 receptor signaling, and this pathway mediates T-ALL cell survival through upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2. These findings indicate that in many T-ALL cases, the leukemic cells are dependent upon the TYK2-STAT1-BCL2 pathway for continued survival, supporting the development of molecular therapies targeting TYK2 and other components of this pathway. SIGNIFICANCE In recent years, "pathway dependence" has been revealed in specific types of human cancer, which can be important because they pinpoint proteins that are particularly vulnerable to antitumor-targeted inhibition (so-called Achilles’ heel proteins). Here, we use RNAi technology to identify a novel oncogenic pathway that involves aberrant activation of the TYK2 tyrosine kinase and its downstream substrate, STAT1, which ultimately promotes T-ALL cell survival through the upregulation of BCL2 expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Sanda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Goff DJ, Court Recart A, Sadarangani A, Chun HJ, Barrett CL, Krajewska M, Leu H, Low-Marchelli J, Ma W, Shih AY, Wei J, Zhai D, Geron I, Pu M, Bao L, Chuang R, Balaian L, Gotlib J, Minden M, Martinelli G, Rusert J, Dao KH, Shazand K, Wentworth P, Smith KM, Jamieson CAM, Morris SR, Messer K, Goldstein LSB, Hudson TJ, Marra M, Frazer KA, Pellecchia M, Reed JC, Jamieson CHM. A Pan-BCL2 inhibitor renders bone-marrow-resident human leukemia stem cells sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:316-28. [PMID: 23333150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play a pivotal role in the resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and its progression to blast crisis (BC), in part, through the alternative splicing of self-renewal and survival genes. To elucidate splice-isoform regulators of human BC LSC maintenance, we performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, splice-isoform-specific quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), nanoproteomics, stromal coculture, and BC LSC xenotransplantation analyses. Cumulatively, these studies show that the alternative splicing of multiple prosurvival BCL2 family genes promotes malignant transformation of myeloid progenitors into BC LSCS that are quiescent in the marrow niche and that contribute to therapeutic resistance. Notably, sabutoclax, a pan-BCL2 inhibitor, renders marrow-niche-resident BC LSCs sensitive to TKIs at doses that spare normal progenitors. These findings underscore the importance of alternative BCL2 family splice-isoform expression in BC LSC maintenance and suggest that the combinatorial inhibition of prosurvival BCL2 family proteins and BCR-ABL may eliminate dormant LSCs and obviate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Goff
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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29
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Newton IG, Plaisted WC, Messina-Graham S, Abrahamsson Schairer AE, Shih AY, Snyder EY, Jamieson CHM, Mattrey RF. Optical imaging of progenitor cell homing to patient-derived tumors. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2012; 7:525-36. [PMID: 22991319 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capitalizing on cellular homing to cancer is a promising strategy for targeting malignant cells for diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic purposes. Murine C17.2 neural progenitor cells (NPC) demonstrate a tropism for cell line-derived tumors, but their affinity for patient-derived tumors is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that NPC accumulate in patient-derived tumors at levels detectable by optical imaging. Mice bearing solid tumors after transplantation with patient-derived leukemia cells and untransplanted controls received 10(6) fluorescent DiR-labeled NPC daily for 1-4 days, were imaged, then sacrificed. Tissues were analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to detect tumor cell engraftment (CD45) and NPC (FITC-β galactosidase or DiR). Tumors consisted primarily of CD45-positive cells and demonstrated mild fluorescence, corresponding to frequent clusters of FITC-β gal-positive cells. Both transplanted and control mice demonstrated the highest fluorescent signal in the spleens and other tissues of the reticuloendothelial activating system. However, only rare FITC-β gal-positive cells were detected in the mildly engrafted transplanted spleens and none in the control spleens, suggesting that their high DiR signal reflects the sequestration of DiR-positive debris. The mildly engrafted transplanted kidneys demonstrated low fluorescent signal and rare FITC-β gal-positive cells whereas control kidneys were negative. Results indicate that NPC accumulate in tissues containing patient-derived tumor cells in a manner that is detectable by ex vivo optical imaging and proportional to the level of tumor engraftment, suggesting a capacity to home to micrometastatic disease. As such, NPC could have significant clinical applications for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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30
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Crews LA, Jamieson CHM. Selective elimination of leukemia stem cells: hitting a moving target. Cancer Lett 2012; 338:15-22. [PMID: 22906415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents that eradicate proliferating cell populations, patients suffering from a wide variety of malignancies continue to relapse as a consequence of resistance to standard therapies. In hematologic malignancies, leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent a malignant reservoir of disease that is believed to drive relapse and resistance to chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs). Major research efforts in recent years have been aimed at identifying and characterizing the LSC population in leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which represents an important paradigm for understanding the molecular evolution of cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that promote LSC-mediated therapeutic recalcitrance have remained elusive. It has become clear that the LSC population evolves during disease progression, thus presenting a serious challenge for development of effective therapeutic strategies. Multiple reports have demonstrated that LSC initiation and propagation occurs as a result of aberrant activation of pro-survival and self-renewal pathways regulated by stem-cell related signaling molecules including β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Enhanced survival in LSC protective microenvironments, such as the bone marrow niche, as well as acquired dormancy of cells in these niches, also contributes to LSC persistence. Key components of these cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways provide novel potential targets for therapies aimed at eradicating this dynamic and therapeutically recalcitrant LSC population. Furthermore, combination strategies that exploit LSC have the potential to dramatically improve the quality and quantity of life for patients that are resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Crews
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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31
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Sanda T, Lawton LN, Barrasa MI, Fan ZP, Kohlhammer H, Gutierrez A, Ma W, Tatarek J, Ahn Y, Kelliher MA, Jamieson CHM, Staudt LM, Young RA, Look AT. Core transcriptional regulatory circuit controlled by the TAL1 complex in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:209-21. [PMID: 22897851 PMCID: PMC3422504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL is aberrantly expressed in over 40% of cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), emphasizing its importance in the molecular pathogenesis of T-ALL. Here we identify the core transcriptional regulatory circuit controlled by TAL1 and its regulatory partners HEB, E2A, LMO1/2, GATA3, and RUNX1. We show that TAL1 forms a positive interconnected autoregulatory loop with GATA3 and RUNX1 and that the TAL1 complex directly activates the MYB oncogene, forming a positive feed-forward regulatory loop that reinforces and stabilizes the TAL1-regulated oncogenic program. One of the critical downstream targets in this circuitry is the TRIB2 gene, which is oppositely regulated by TAL1 and E2A/HEB and is essential for the survival of T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Sanda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lee N. Lawton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Zi Peng Fan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Holger Kohlhammer
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Tatarek
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yebin Ahn
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle A. Kelliher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A. Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author: A. Thomas Look, M.D., Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Mayer 630, Boston, MA 02216, , Phone: 617-632-5826 Fax: 617-632-6989
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32
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Ma W, Gutierrez A, Goff DJ, Geron I, Sadarangani A, Jamieson CAM, Court AC, Shih AY, Jiang Q, Wu CC, Li K, Smith KM, Crews LA, Gibson NW, Deichaite I, Morris SR, Wei P, Carson DA, Look AT, Jamieson CHM. NOTCH1 signaling promotes human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia initiating cell regeneration in supportive niches. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39725. [PMID: 22768113 PMCID: PMC3387267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia initiating cells (LIC) contribute to therapeutic resistance through acquisition of mutations in signaling pathways, such as NOTCH1, that promote self-renewal and survival within supportive niches. Activating mutations in NOTCH1 occur commonly in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and have been implicated in therapeutic resistance. However, the cell type and context specific consequences of NOTCH1 activation, its role in human LIC regeneration, and sensitivity to NOTCH1 inhibition in hematopoietic microenvironments had not been elucidated. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We established humanized bioluminescent T-ALL LIC mouse models transplanted with pediatric T-ALL samples that were sequenced for NOTCH1 and other common T-ALL mutations. In this study, CD34(+) cells from NOTCH1(Mutated) T-ALL samples had higher leukemic engraftment and serial transplantation capacity than NOTCH1(Wild-type) CD34(+) cells in hematopoietic niches, suggesting that self-renewing LIC were enriched within the NOTCH1(Mutated) CD34(+) fraction. Humanized NOTCH1 monoclonal antibody treatment reduced LIC survival and self-renewal in NOTCH1(Mutated) T-ALL LIC-engrafted mice and resulted in depletion of CD34(+)CD2(+)CD7(+) cells that harbor serial transplantation capacity. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a functional hierarchy within the LIC population based on NOTCH1 activation, which renders LIC susceptible to targeted NOTCH1 inhibition and highlights the utility of NOTCH1 antibody targeting as a key component of malignant stem cell eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ifat Geron
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Sadarangani
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christina A. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Angela C. Court
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alice Y. Shih
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christina C. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kang Li
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Crews
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Neil W. Gibson
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ida Deichaite
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sheldon R. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ping Wei
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Ma W, Gutierrez A, Wei P, Sadarangani A, Goff DJ, Shih AY, Court AC, Jiang Q, Leu H, Wall RH, Crews LA, Look AT, Jamieson CHM. Abstract 1011: NOTCH1 signaling is essential for leukemia initiating cell self-renewal in T-ALL. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Leukemia initiating cells (LIC) contribute to therapeutic resistance through mutations in cellular self-renewal and survival pathways. NOTCH1 mutations are common in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, the role of NOTCH1 activation in human LIC propagation has not been established. Pediatric T-ALL serially transplantable LIC were found to be enriched in the CD34+CD4− and CD34+CD7− fractions of newly diagnosed patient samples. More recently, a CD7+CD1a− glucocorticoid resistant LIC population, capable of engrafting leukemia in NOD/SCID IL2R gamma null (NSG) mice, was identified in primary adult T-ALL. To identify the molecularly characterized potential LIC populations in pediatric T-ALL without proceeding in vitro culture and examine the role of NOTCH1 activation in LIC propagation. 12 pediatric T-ALL samples were sequenced for NOTCH1 mutation examination. Humanized LIC mouse models were established and dosed with either NOTCH1 mAb or IgG1 mAb control at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally every 4 days for 6 doses. Mice were sacrificed one day after the last dose, and hematopoietic organs were collected for FACS analysis. To further define the LIC populations in pediatric T-ALL, CD34+CD38+CD2+CD7+Lin− and CD34+CD38+CD2+CD7−Lin− cells were isolated from T-ALL primary patients’ blood by FACS sorting and transplanted into neonatal RAG2−/−γc−/− mice to determine their leukemic engraftment potential. Serial transplantations were done for testing the LIC self-renewal capacity. Mouse hematopoietic organs were collected for FACS analysis, mouse brains were sectioned for human cells examination by immunohistochemistry. NOTCH1 and its downstream gene expressions were examined by q-RT-PCR between the T-ALL CD34+ and CD34− populations. Six of 12 pediatric T-ALL patient samples were found NOTCH1 mutation. Mice transplanted with CD34+ and CD34+CD2+CD7+ or CD34+CD2+CD7− cells developed a T-ALL-like disease characterized by pale BM and enlarged spleen, thymus and liver. Human CD34+ enriched cells from NOTCH1 mutated T-ALL maintained leukemic engraftment while an equivalent number of CD34+ cells from NOTCH1 wild type T-ALL did not. T-ALL CD34+ progenitors from NOTCH1 mutated T-ALL have a significant higher engraftment in BM when compared with those from NOTCH1 wild type T-ALL. CD34+CD2+CD7+ and CD34+CD2+CD7− populations are more prominent in NOTCH1 mutated samples. Both the human CD34+ and CD34+CD2+CD7+ populations were significantly reduced in BM when treated with hN1 mAb in vivo. NOTCH1 and its downstream genes expression were significantly reduced in NOTCH1 mutated CD34+ cells when compared with CD34− cells. Human T-ALL LIC have enhanced NOTCH1 expression; CD34+CD2+CD7+ and CD34+CD2+CD7− subpopulations are enriched for LIC activity in pediatric T-ALL; A selective hN1 mAb inhibits human T-ALL LIC survival and self-renewal in vivo.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1011. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1011
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Ma
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heather Leu
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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34
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Raheem O, Kulidjian AA, Wu C, Jeong YB, Yamaguchi T, Smith KM, Goff D, Leu H, Morris SR, Cacalano NA, Masuda K, Jamieson CHM, Kane CJ, Jamieson CAM. A novel patient-derived intra-femoral xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer that recapitulates mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. J Transl Med 2011; 9:185. [PMID: 22035283 PMCID: PMC3269442 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer metastasizes to bone in the majority of patients with advanced disease leading to painfully debilitating fractures, spinal compression and rapid decline. In addition, prostate cancer bone metastases often become resistant to standard therapies including androgen deprivation, radiation and chemotherapy. There are currently few models to elucidate mechanisms of interaction between the bone microenvironment and prostate cancer. It is, thus, essential to develop new patient-derived, orthotopic models. Here we report the development and characterization of PCSD1 (Prostate Cancer San Diego 1), a novel patient-derived intra-femoral xenograft model of prostate bone metastatic cancer that recapitulates mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. Methods A femoral bone metastasis of prostate cancer was removed during hemiarthroplasty and transplanted into Rag2-/-;γc-/- mice either intra-femorally or sub-cutaneously. Xenograft tumors that developed were analyzed for prostate cancer biomarker expression using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Osteoblastic, osteolytic and mixed lesion formation was measured using micro-computed tomography (microCT). Results PCSD1 cells isolated directly from the patient formed tumors in all mice that were transplanted intra-femorally or sub-cutaneously into Rag2-/-;γc-/- mice. Xenograft tumors expressed human prostate specific antigen (PSA) in RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. PCSD1 tumors also expressed AR, NKX3.1, Keratins 8 and 18, and AMACR. Histologic and microCT analyses revealed that intra-femoral PCSD1 xenograft tumors formed mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. PCSD1 tumors have been serially passaged in mice as xenografts intra-femorally or sub-cutaneously as well as grown in culture. Conclusions PCSD1 xenografts tumors were characterized as advanced, luminal epithelial prostate cancer from a bone metastasis using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical biomarker analyses. PCSD1 intra-femoral xenografts formed mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic lesions that closely resembled the bone lesions in the patient. PCSD1 is a new primary prostate cancer bone metastasis-derived xenograft model to study metastatic disease in the bone and to develop novel therapies for inhibiting prostate cancer growth in the bone-niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Raheem
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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35
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Wei P, Qiu M, Peng Q, Lippincott J, Zachwieja J, Kraynov E, Wu A, Han B, Stone D, Zhai W, Rymer I, Yang J, Gajiwala K, Yu X, Gao Y, Tchistiakov L, Ma W, Jamieson CHM, Los G, Greenberg N, Li K. Abstract 1765: Inhibition of Notch signaling by a Notch1 monoclonal antibody induces robust anti-tumor efficacy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Notch signaling is deregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and advanced solid tumors, making it an attractive target for oncology drug development.
In this present report, we describe a novel mouse monoclonal antibody, Notch1 mAb, that specifically binds to the negative regulatory region (NRR) of human Notch1 receptor. Using a T-ALL cell line, HPB-ALL, that harbors mutations in Notch1 heterodimerization and PEST domains, we demonstrated that Notch1 mAb blocked Notch signaling by reduction of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and down-regulation of Notch target genes, Hes-1 and cMyc. Notch1 mAb caused cell growth inhibition of HPB-ALL and several other T-ALL cell lines, via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Notch1 mAb treatment resulted in robust NICD reduction and marked antitumor efficacy in HBP-ALL xenograft model. Additional mechanism-of-action studies revealed inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HPB-ALL tumors, suggesting that the anti-tumor activity of Notch1 mAb may be mediated by its direct effects on tumor cell growth or survival. Furthermore, this antibody led to a significant reduction in leukemia progenitor cells (LPCs) baring NOTCH1 mutation in bioluminescent humanized T-ALL LPC mouse models. In addition to its inhibitory effect on mutant Notch1, Notch1 mAb also displayed robust neutralization activity on wild type Notch1 and caused tumor growth inhibition in breast cancer models MDA-MB-231 and MX-1 by targeting the wild type receptor in these tumor types. Interestingly, using a gamma secretase inhibitor PF-03084014, we showed that Notch1 mAb and PF-03084014 elicited similar degree of biology responses in HPB-ALL cells. Our results indicate that antibodies that bind to NRR can act as potent inhibitors of Notch1 signaling and provide opportunities for development of novel cancer therapeutics for T-ALL and solid tumors.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1765. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1765
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiu Yu
- 1Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kang Li
- 1Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA
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36
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) or cancer-initiating cancer (C-IC) model has garnered considerable attention over the past several years since Dick and colleagues published a seminal report showing that a hierarchy exists among leukemic cells. In more recent years, a similar hierarchical organization, at the apex of which exists the CSC, has been identified in a variety of solid tumors. Human CSCs are defined by their ability to: (i) generate a xenograft that histologically resembles the parent tumor from which it was derived, (ii) be serially transplanted in a xenograft assay thereby showing the ability to self-renew (regenerate), and (iii) generate daughter cells that possess some proliferative capacity but are unable to initiate or maintain the cancer because they lack intrinsic regenerative potential. The emerging complexity of the CSC phenotype and function is at times daunting and has led to some confusion in the field. However, at its core, the CSC model is about identifying and characterizing the cancer cells that possess the greatest capacity to regenerate all aspects of the tumor. It is becoming clear that cancer cells evolve as a result of their ability to hijack normal self-renewal pathways, a process that can drive malignant transformation. Studying self-renewal in the context of cancer and CSC maintenance will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms driving tumor growth. This review will address some of the main controversies in the CSC field and emphasize the importance of focusing first and foremost on the defining feature of CSCs: dysregulated self-renewal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Adell O'Brien
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jaiswal S, Jamieson CHM, Pang WW, Park CY, Chao MP, Majeti R, Traver D, van Rooijen N, Weissman IL. CD47 is upregulated on circulating hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells to avoid phagocytosis. Cell 2009. [PMID: 19632178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.046s0092-8674(09)00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages clear pathogens and damaged or aged cells from the blood stream via phagocytosis. Cell-surface CD47 interacts with its receptor on macrophages, SIRPalpha, to inhibit phagocytosis of normal, healthy cells. We find that mobilizing cytokines and inflammatory stimuli cause CD47 to be transiently upregulated on mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors just prior to and during their migratory phase, and that the level of CD47 on these cells determines the probability that they are engulfed in vivo. CD47 is also constitutively upregulated on mouse and human myeloid leukemias, and overexpression of CD47 on a myeloid leukemia line increases its pathogenicity by allowing it to evade phagocytosis. We conclude that CD47 upregulation is an important mechanism that provides protection to normal HSCs during inflammation-mediated mobilization, and that leukemic progenitors co-opt this ability in order to evade macrophage killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Ludwig Center at Stanford, Stanford Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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38
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Abe A, Minami Y, Hayakawa F, Kitamura K, Nomura Y, Murata M, Katsumi A, Kiyoi H, Jamieson CHM, Wang JYJ, Naoe T. Retention but significant reduction of BCR-ABL transcript in hematopoietic stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia after imatinib therapy. Int J Hematol 2008; 88:471-475. [PMID: 19039626 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is effectively treated with imatinib mesylate (IM), a small molecule inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that is expressed in the entire hematopoietic compartment including stem cells (HSC) and progenitors in CML patients. While IM induces disease remission, it does not appear to eradicate BCR-ABL-positive stem cells. We investigated the residual CML cells in HSC and myeloid progenitors isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting after IM-therapy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detecting BCR-ABL transcripts showed that CML progenitors were eradicated within 12 months while the BCR-ABL-positive HSC remained. However, IM-therapy continuation could significantly decrease the ratio of BCR-ABL to BCR also in the HSC population. Our results implicate that the sorted and purified stem cells are useful for more sensitive quantification of BCR-ABL-positive minimal residual disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Benzamides
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual/enzymology
- Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Remission Induction
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Abe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kunio Kitamura
- Department of Hematology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nomura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Murata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Katsumi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y J Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Abstract
Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), typified by robust marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis, have a propensity to progress to acute leukemia. Although the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin of MPDs was suggested over 30 years ago, only recently the HSC-specific effects of MPD molecular mutations have been investigated. The pivotal role of BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) development provided the rationale for targeted therapy, which greatly reduced mortality rates. However, BCR-ABL inhibitor-resistant CML HSCs persist that may be a reservoir for relapse. This has provided the impetus for investigating molecular mechanisms governing the production of recalcitrant HSC. Comparatively little was known about the molecular events driving BCR-ABL-negative MPDs until seminal studies revealed that a large proportion of MPD patients harbor a JAK2-activating point mutation, JAK2V617F. Although JAK2 activation appears to be central to BCR-ABL-negative MPD pathogenesis, its effects may be cell type and context specific. Recent evidence suggests that acquired mutations misdirect differentiation and survival of the MPD-initiating stem cell resulting in the production of aberrant self-renewing progenitors that subvert the microenvironment leading to leukemia stem cell generation and leukemic transformation. Thus, combined therapies targeting aberrant molecular pathways may be required to redirect miscreant MPD stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H M Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Moores UCSD Cancer Center San Diego Medical Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.
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40
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Geron I, Abrahamsson AE, Barroga CF, Kavalerchik E, Gotlib J, Hood JD, Durocher J, Mak CC, Noronha G, Soll RM, Tefferi A, Kaushansky K, Jamieson CHM. Selective inhibition of JAK2-driven erythroid differentiation of polycythemia vera progenitors. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:321-30. [PMID: 18394555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) that is commonly characterized by mutant JAK2 (JAK2V617F) signaling, erythrocyte overproduction, and a propensity for thrombosis, progression to myelofibrosis, or acute leukemia. In this study, JAK2V617F expression by human hematopoietic progenitors promoted erythroid colony formation and erythroid engraftment in a bioluminescent xenogeneic immunocompromised mouse transplantation model. A selective JAK2 inhibitor, TG101348 (300 nM), significantly inhibited JAK2V617F+ progenitor-derived colony formation as well as engraftment (120 mg/kg) in xenogeneic transplantation studies. TG101348 treatment decreased GATA-1 expression, which is associated with erythroid-skewing of JAK2V617F+ progenitor differentiation, and inhibited STAT5 as well as GATA S310 phosphorylation. Thus, TG101348 may be an effective inhibitor of JAK2V617F+ MPDs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Geron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick J Rossi
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Clarke MF, Dick JE, Dirks PB, Eaves CJ, Jamieson CHM, Jones DL, Visvader J, Weissman IL, Wahl GM. Cancer Stem Cells—Perspectives on Current Status and Future Directions: AACR Workshop on Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9339-44. [PMID: 16990346 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2134] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Clarke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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43
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Jamieson CHM, Gotlib J, Durocher JA, Chao MP, Mariappan MR, Lay M, Jones C, Zehnder JL, Lilleberg SL, Weissman IL. The JAK2 V617F mutation occurs in hematopoietic stem cells in polycythemia vera and predisposes toward erythroid differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6224-9. [PMID: 16603627 PMCID: PMC1434515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601462103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a large proportion of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) harbor a valine-to-phenylalanine mutation at amino acid 617 (V617F) in the JAK2 signaling molecule, the stage of hematopoiesis at which the mutation arises is unknown. Here we isolated and characterized hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and myeloid progenitors from 16 PV patient samples and 14 normal individuals, testing whether the JAK2 mutation could be found at the level of stem or progenitor cells and whether the JAK2 V617F-positive cells had altered differentiation potential. In all PV samples analyzed, there were increased numbers of cells with a HSC phenotype (CD34+CD38-CD90+Lin-) compared with normal samples. Hematopoietic progenitor assays demonstrated that the differentiation potential of PV was already skewed toward the erythroid lineage at the HSC level. The JAK2 V617F mutation was detectable within HSC and their progeny in PV. Moreover, the aberrant erythroid potential of PV HSC was potently inhibited with a JAK2 inhibitor, AG490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- *Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irving L. Weissman
- Pathology, and
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Pathology, 279 Campus Drive West, B257 Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5323. E-mail:
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44
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Abstract
Leukemia stem cells are defined as transformed hematopoietic stem cells or committed progenitor cells that have amplified or acquired the stem cell capacity for self-renewal, albeit in a poorly regulated fashion. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Huntly and colleagues report a striking difference in the ability of two leukemia-associated fusion proteins, MOZ-TIF2 and BCR-ABL, to transform myeloid progenitor populations. This rigorous study supports the idea of a hierarchy among leukemia-associated protooncogenes for their ability to endow committed myeloid progenitors with the self-renewal capacity driving leukemic stem cell propagation, and sheds new light on the pathogenesis of chronic and acute myelogenous leukemias.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Neoplastic Stem Cells
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes/physiology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- beta Catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H M Jamieson
- Institute of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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45
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Jamieson CHM, Ailles LE, Dylla SJ, Muijtjens M, Jones C, Zehnder JL, Gotlib J, Li K, Manz MG, Keating A, Sawyers CL, Weissman IL. Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors as candidate leukemic stem cells in blast-crisis CML. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:657-67. [PMID: 15306667 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1044] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to blast crisis is supported by self-renewing leukemic stem cells. In normal mouse hematopoietic stem cells, the process of self-renewal involves the beta-catenin-signaling pathway. We investigated whether leukemic stem cells in CML also use the beta-catenin pathway for self-renewal. METHODS We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate hematopoietic stem cells, common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors from marrow during several phases of CML and from normal marrow. BCR-ABL, beta-catenin, and LEF-1 transcripts were compared by means of a quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay in normal and CML hematopoietic stem cells and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and a lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor reporter assay were used to detect nuclear beta-catenin in these cells. In vitro replating assays were used to identify self-renewing cells as candidate leukemic stem cells, and the dependence of self-renewal on beta-catenin activation was tested by lentiviral transduction of hematopoietic progenitors with axin, an inhibitor of the beta-catenin pathway. RESULTS The granulocyte-macrophage progenitor pool from patients with CML in blast crisis and imatinib-resistant CML was expanded, expressed BCR-ABL, and had elevated levels of nuclear beta-catenin as compared with the levels in progenitors from normal marrow. Unlike normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, CML granulocyte-macrophage progenitors formed self-renewing, replatable myeloid colonies, and in vitro self-renewal capacity was reduced by enforced expression of axin. CONCLUSIONS Activation of beta-catenin in CML granulocyte-macrophage progenitors appears to enhance the self-renewal activity and leukemic potential of these cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis/physiopathology
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Granulocytes/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1
- Macrophages/cytology
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Middle Aged
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA, Neoplasm
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- beta Catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H M Jamieson
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif 94305-5323, USA
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46
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Jamieson CHM, Amylon MD, Wong RM, Blume KG. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first or second complete remission using fractionated total-body irradiation and high-dose etoposide: a 15-year experience. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:981-6. [PMID: 14550815 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rationale for this retrospective study was to identify the long-term overall and event-free survival, relapse, and treatment-related mortality rates of high-risk pediatric and adult first (CR1) and second remission (CR2) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated with a single preparatory regimen consisting of fractionated total-body irradiation (FTBI) and high-dose etoposide (VP-16) prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a 15-year period at Stanford University Medical Center, 85 consecutive high-risk pediatric (up to age 17 years; n=41) and adult (age 18-55 years; n=44); patients with leukemia (ALL) in CR1 (n=55) and CR2 (n=30) received HLA-matched sibling allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor grafts after being treated with FTBI (1320 cGy) and high-dose VP-16 (60 mg/kg) as their preparatory regimen. The majority of patients transplanted in CR1 (n=45) had high-risk features, including age above 30 years, white blood cell count at presentation exceeding 25000/microL, extramedullary disease, need for more than 4 weeks of induction chemotherapy to achieve CR, or high-risk chromosomal translocations. Most patients transplanted in CR1 were adults (n=39), whereas patients in CR2 were primarily children or adolescents (n=25). RESULTS The 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of relapse were significantly (p=0.05) lower in CR1 patients (15%+/-10%) than in CR2 patients (33%+/-20%). Relapse was the most common cause of treatment failure in patients transplanted in CR2. There was a significantly (p=0.05) higher rate of chronic graft-vs-host disease in CR1 (32%+/-14%) compared with CR2 (9%+/-11%) patients; however, overall survival for patients transplanted in CR1 (66%+/-14%) was comparable (p=0.67) to that of patients transplanted in CR2 (62%+/-19%). Event-free survival rates also were similar (p=0.53) between CR1 (64%+/-14%) and CR2 (61%+/-18%) patients. Treatment-related mortality rates were equivalent (p=0.51) between CR1 and CR2, as well as between Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive (Ph(+))and Ph(-) (p=0.23) ALL patients. CONCLUSION Overall, FTBI/VP-16 is a highly effective preparatory regimen that provides durable remissions for patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for high-risk ALL in CR1 or CR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona H M Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5623, USA
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47
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Passegué E, Jamieson CHM, Ailles LE, Weissman IL. Normal and leukemic hematopoiesis: are leukemias a stem cell disorder or a reacquisition of stem cell characteristics? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100 Suppl 1:11842-9. [PMID: 14504387 PMCID: PMC304096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2034201100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia can be viewed as a newly formed, abnormal hematopoietic tissue initiated by a few leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that undergo an aberrant and poorly regulated process of organogenesis analogous to that of normal hematopoietic stem cells. A hallmark of all cancers is the capacity for unlimited self-renewal, which is also a defining characteristic of normal stem cells. Given this shared attribute, it has been proposed that leukemias may be initiated by transforming events that take place in hematopoietic stem cells. Alternatively, leukemias may also arise from more committed progenitors caused by mutations and/or selective expression of genes that enhance their otherwise limited self-renewal capabilities. Identifying the LSCs for each type of leukemia is a current challenge and a critical step in understanding their respective biologies and may provide key insights into more effective treatments. Moreover, LSC identification and purification will provide a powerful diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Passegué
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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